Critters Anonymous: The Welfare State

7/27/2019 Critters Anonymous: The Welfare State

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CrittersAnonymous:TheWelfareStateAResponsibilityforLife,NotJustforProfit

LilithBarraclough


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ForSynchronisedandAccordingToPete,keeponrunning

Thiseditionfirstpublishedin2012byEmilyStreet,UnitedKingdom.

Copyright2012,LilithBarraclough

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthepublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformor

byanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recordingorbyany

informationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.


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IntroductionTheEighthEarlofBridgewater,FrancisEgerton(17561829),wasarathereccentric

characterwhohadthewingsofhispigeonsclippedsothattheycouldnotflyawaywhenhe

triedtoshootthem.

EverynighttheEarlwoulddinewithtwelveofhisbeloveddogsseatedaroundthetable,

eachwearingawhitenapkinandwaitedonbyhisservants. Thedogsweretreatedlikepeople,

eating

from

finest

silver

plates

whilst

the

Earl

talked

to

them

about

the

days

events.

The

dogs

weredressedintheheightoffashionandtheEarlevenhadsoftleatherbootsmadeforthe

dogstoprotecttheirpaws. Duringtheday,theEarlwouldtakehisdogsoutforridesinhis

carriages.

TheSecondBaronRothschildwasevenmoreoutlandish. Heactuallyhadacarriage

whichwaspulledbynolessthanfourzebras,whilsthissnakesslitheredaroundwildinhis

home,entwiningthemselvesaroundthebanisters. TheBaronalsohadatamebearthatwent

roundtappingladiesonthebottom. Ononeoccasion,heapparentlyhostedadinnerparty

whereeachofhistwelveguestswasseatednexttotwelvebeautifullydressedchimpanzees.

Somemayconsiderthistobeharmlessfun,nophysicalharmisbroughttotheanimals

andthecareoftheirownernevercalledintoquestion. Othersmayconsideritfolly,perhaps

aninappropriate

overindulgence

of

domestic

and

exotic

pets

placing

alarge

amount

of

responsibilityontheirowner. Butwhenwelookabitcloser,chimpanzeesatthedinnertable,

zebraspullingacarriage,wemightstarttothinkaboutanimalwelfareinamoderncontext. In

thisinstance,itwouldappearthateveryneedofeachanimalwouldhavebeenmetandno

apparentsufferingendured. Thiswasforpersonalpleasurewithnoexpensespared.

Thewonderofanimalsandtheirwillingnesstoembracehumansascompanionsnever

ceasestoamaze. Butalltoooftenthisrelationshipismanipulatedbyman,armedwithadesire

forpersonalpleasureorfinancialgain,someanimalsbegintosuffer,alltoooftenwithvery

unfortunateanddisturbingconsequences.

Thisbookexploressomeoftheprimeexamplesofthemisuseofanimals,historically

andat

present.

The

passages

contained

within

present

the

material

not

only

in

aphysical

sense

aseachstorydictatesbutlaterconsidersthespiritualsenseandtheultimatebeingthatany

mentionedanimalmaybecome. Theirownspiritualitycancarryapersonalmessageorhaveits

ownmeaningandsomansphysicaldominanceisjustthat,physical. Themysteryandwonder

ofthesecreatures,theiressenceanditsembodimentwithintheirsouls,continuestothrivein

anotherdimension.


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TooBigfortheSmallMindedThisstorybeginswithanelephantcalledHanno(15101516)whowaspresentedto

PopeLeoXbyKingManuelIofPortugal. TheelephanthadalongjourneytoreachRome,being

tiedtotwomastsonboardaship. ThePopekeptamenagerieofanimalsandHanno,who

arrivedaround1514,tookprideofplace. PopeLeolovedtheelephantandgavehimspecial

attention. HannowaspaintedbytheItalianartist,Raphael.

In1516,Hannofellillanddied,possiblyduetocomplicationsfrombeinggivenaremedy

containinggold. SomeaccountssayHannowaspaintedgold,otheraccountssaythatgold

powderwasincludedinthemedicinehewasgiven. PopeLeohadatombbuiltforHannoanda

specialpoemwaswrittenforhim.

Elephants

have

been

popular

in

Europe

for

hundreds

of

years,

but

it

would

have

been

muchfairertoleavethemintheirwildstate,astheydosufferfromhormonechangesand

severemoodswingsattimesandwhenthishappenstheybecomedangerous. Keeping

elephantspennedandcagedinsmallenclosuresisbothdangerousandcruelandtheelephant

maybecomeangryandlashoutendangeringthepeoplearoundthemaswellasthemselves.

ThesecondelephantthatcaughtmyattentionwasChunee(alsoChuny),anIndian

theatricalelephantthatwaspopularinLondonintheearlyhalfofthenineteenthcenturyand

whoLordByron,thepoet,hadmet. ChuneewasownedbyEdwardCrosswhenhehada

suddenhormonechangeandattackedakeeper. Chuneehadbecomeverybadtempered

havingbeenkeptinalarge,wooden,cratelikecageandforthistheelephantwasshotovera

hundredtimesandthenstabbedtodeathontheinstructionsofhisowner. Chuneeshidewas

soldin

1829

and

his

skeleton

was

on

display

in

London

until

the

building

it

was

housed

in

was

bombedin1941duringWorldWarII.

WethencometoanelephantnamedJack,afavouriteatRegentsParkZooinLondon

between1830and1847,whenhedied. Jackaccidentallygoredarhinothatwastormenting

himtodeath. Jackwasafavouritebutanofficialelephantbunsellerwascommissionedbythe

zooafteritwasfoundthatpeopleweretryingtofeedtheelephantglassandmetalblades

hiddenintheirownbunswhichwerethenbanned. JackdiedinJune1847.

Jumboisprobablythemostwellknownelephantofall. Hewasseparatedfromhis

motherinabrutalfashionwhenthemainarteriesinherlegwerecutandshebledtodeath.

JumbowastheonlyelephantinhiscaravanwhosurvivedthelongjourneytoFrance. Hewas

firstbought

by

the

Jardin

des

Plantes

(Garden

of

Plants)

in

France

before

being

sold

to

Regents

ParkZoointheearly1860s. MatthewScottbecameJumboskeeperthroughouthislifeand

JumboandtheotherwisesurlyScottwereinseparable. Jumboalsofoundafriendinafemale

AfricanelephantcalledAlice.

JumbowasafavouritewithQueenVictoriaandherfamilyandWinstonChurchillhad

riddenonhisbackasachild. AbrahamBartlett,thezoossuperintendent,soldJumbo,despite

manypetitionsandprotests,toBarnumscircusfor2,000in1882. Jumbodidnotwantto

leaveRegentsParkZooandlaiddowntryingnottogo. JumbobecameveryfamousinNorth

America,butonatourofCanadaduringSeptember1885,Jumbowashitbyatrainandkilled.

Jumboskeeper,MatthewScott,wasintearsatJumbosdeathandafterBarnumhadJumbo


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stuffed,hewassackedbyBarnumandHutchinson,butusedtocomebacktothewinter

quartersandhangaroundtheareawhereJumbosremainswerekept.

BarnumandHutchinsonattemptedtoforciblysendMatthewScottbacktoEngland;

however,itisthoughthestayedinAmerica. Alicetheelephant,Jumboswife,diedinafireat

Barnumscircuswinterquarters. ShehadalsobelongedtoRegentsParkZooandbeena

lifelongfriendofJumbo.

JumbosskeletonwasdonatedtotheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory. Jumbos

hidewasstuffedandmountedandtravelledwithBarnumscircusuntil1889whenitwas

donatedtoTuftsUniversitywhereitremaineduntil1975whenitwasdestroyedbyfire. Today,

hisashesarestoredinapeanutbutterjarintheofficeoftheuniversitysathleticsdirector.

WhydoesnttheUSgiveJumbosremainsadecentburialandlethimgo? Surelythis

wouldbethedecentthingtodo. Toomanypeoplehavehadtheirpoundoffleshtoquote

ShylockinShakespearesMerchantofVenice,frompoorJumbo. Justlethimgo.

Topsywas

an

elephant

owned

by

Forepaugh

Circus

at

Luna

Park,

Coney

Island

in

New

York. ShehelpedtobuildLunaParkandwasafriendlyanimaluntilshesuddenlyturnedon

man,killingthreetrainers. Oneofthetrainershadthoroughlyabusedher.

Insteadofbeingrehomedinthewild,TopsywaselectrocutedinJanuary1903onthe

suggestionofinventorThomasEdison. Edisonfilmedtheelectrocution,laterreleasingitunder

thetitleElectrocutinganElephant.

Marymayhavebeenthemostfamouselephanttobehung,butsheisnottheonly

elephanttohaveherlifeendthisway. ElephantshadbeenhungatcircusesinGermanyinthe

nineteenthcentury. TherearemanystoriesaboutMary. Shewasapparentlybiggerthan

Jumboandshedidkillaninexperiencedtrainer,whichledtoamanic,howlingmobdemanding

her

death.

And

so

the

owner

of

Sparks

Circus

had

the

elephant

hung

at

the

Clinchfield

Railroad

yardinErwin,Tennessee. Thechainsnappedandtheelephantshipwasbrokenbutshewas

eventuallyhung. ThereweretalesthatMaryhadoriginallybeennamedQueenandalso

Empressandthatshehadkilledbefore,butthisisnotconfirmed.

Responsibilityforthesafetyofanimaltrainersandhandlersliesonlywiththecircus

promoterwhoemploysthem. Awildanimalcannotbeblamedforattackingsomeonewhenit

shouldneverhavebeenplacedincaptivitytostartwith. Nowildanimalhoweversupposedly

tamecanbecompletelytrustedtobesafe.

Animalcircusesstillmaketheirownersalotofmoney. IntheUK,BillySmartsCircus

usedtobetelevisedandshownatChristmas,completewithwildanimalsandelephants.

AnotherUKcircusowner,GerryCottle,nowownsWookeyHoleinSomersetandhasturnedit

fromaGreen

Ray

area

of

natural

caves

and

witch

legend,

into

afake

fairground

like

tourist

attraction. Butatleast,andhopefully,thattakestheinterestawayfromwildanimals,manyof

whoselivesequatetoanenduringmisery.


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BearingtheBruntDonnathedancingbeararrivedinKeighley,WestYorkshire,withherforeignowners

aroundspringtime,1884.

Toteachacaptivebeartodance,thebearwouldbeputinalargecoppertubandafire

wouldbelitunderneathorthetubwouldbeheatedatitsbase. Asthetubgothot,adrum

wouldbebeaten. Afterthis,wheneverabeartrainedinthiscruel,inhumaneandbarbaricway,

heardadrumitwouldstarttodance,foritassociatedthedrummingwithgettingitsfeet

burnedandsohoppedabout. ThiswaswellbeforethedaysofIvanPavlovandhissocalled

Pavlovianconditioningexperimentswithdogs itseemssomeoneelsegottherefirst.

DonnasownersrentedacottageandlockedDonnathebearinanoldblacksmiths

premises

for

the

night.

Some

local

boys

tried

to

get

a

better

look

at

the

bear.

They

took

some

slatesofftheroofofthebuildingwherethebearwasbeingkept,butoneofthemknockeda

lightedcandleinandthebearwasburnedalivebeforeanyonecouldgetthekeytothebuilding.

TheboyswereconvictedandDonnasownersweregivencompensation. Theythentravelled

theUKgivingpoetryrecitalstellingofthehorribledeathofthebear.

ThecharredremainsofthebearwereburiedinSugdenSwamp,offHardgateLane,

whichisnowpartoftheWorthWay. TheareathebeardiedisnowacarpartneartheCross

RoadsInn,nearKeighley.

Bearbaitinghasalternativemeaningsindifferentpartsoftheworldandremainsrifein

somecountries,particularlyPakistanandNorthAmerica. UnderthePreventionofCrueltyto

AnimalsAct1890,thePakistanWildlifeActandIslamicLaw,itisillegaltoinvolveanyanimalin

suchpractice

and

yet

in

some

areas

of

Pakistan,

bear

baiting

is

prevalent.

BearsarebroughtinbyKalanderGypsieswhoremovetheirteethandclaws,itselfa

torturousprocess. Pitdogsarethensetonthetethered,defencelessbearsresultinginthe

bearsexperiencingseriousanddeforminginjuries,particularlyaroundthesnout. This

appallinganimalcrueltyissupportedbytheauthoritiesastherurallandlordswhoputonthe

bearbaitingshowshavealotofpowerinPakistan.

InNorthAmerica,bearbaitinginvolveshuntersenticingbearstoanopenareaby

scentingapathforthenaturallyinquisitivebearstofollow. Thebearsareoftendrawnto

exploretallbarrelsanduponexposingthemselvestothehunters,theyareshot,laterstripped

oftheirinnardsandtheirhidessold.

Despitethe

many

protests

worldwide,

animal

circuses

and

the

use

of

animals

such

as

bearsandelephantsasameansofentertainmentcontinues,oftenattheexpenseofthe

animalsphysicalandmentalwellbeing.


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GameOverforPsychicOctopusPaultheOctopuswasthesupposedlypsychicoctopuswhocorrectlyforecastthe

winnersofalleightmatchesinwhichhepredictedtheoutcomeofduringthe2010FIFAWorld

CupinSouthAfrica.

Thoughhisbirthplaceisdisputed,PaultheOctopuswassentfromWeymouthintheUK

totheSeaLifeCentreinOberhausen,GermanyanditwashereinhistankthatPaul,who

became

a

national

hero

in

Spanish

football

circles,

made

his

predictions.

ItwasannouncedthatPaultheOctopushasdiedpeacefullyinhissleeponOctober26,

2010,howeverthereareclaimsthathediedbeforethisandwasinfactreplacedbyanother

octopus.

PaultheOctopuswasseenasafunnydiversionbyTVandnewspaperjournalists,

somethingforagoodlaughandtosellnewspapers. DoubtlesstheSeaLifeCentrewillhave

madealotofmoneyfromPaulandatthetimetherewererumoursofafilmbeingmadeabout

him.

Noonehasstoppedtothinkinthemidstofthishilarityandmoneymaking,thatPauls

deathmayhavebeenhastenedbyhavingsomanypeoplefilmingandphotographinghiminhis

tank,placingterriblestrainuponhimwithallextraattentionandboxesoffoodcoveredinflags

beingshoved

in

his

face

all

the

time.

ThewaythatPaultheOctopuswastreatedperhapsamountedtoanimalcrueltyandit

wassuggestedbackinJuly2010,thatPaulwouldindeedprobablydieasaresultofthestress

andstrainifhewasntleftalonetoliveasnormalalifeasanoctopuscaninaglasstank.

HorsePlayThefamousactressandcourtesanLillieLangtry(bornOctober13,1853asEmilie

CharlotteleBreton),mistressofAlbertEdwardknownasBertie,thePrinceofWalesandlater

EdwardVII,washeavilyconnectedtoracingandracehorses. Popularhistorysuggeststhat

Edwardgaveherupashismistressin1881thoughthisnowseemsunlikely. WhenthePrinceof

Walesandhiswife,PrincessAlexandra,visitedtheWestYorkshirehomeofTitusSaltJnrin

1882,LillieLangtrywasinvitedtoMilnerFieldforanafterdinnerreception. Itwaswellknown

atthetimethatthePrinceofWaleswouldnotattendareceptionunlessLillieLangtrywasalso

present,orsomehowincludedinproceedings. DuringtheirvisittoBradfordfollowingtheirstay


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atMilnerField,thePrinceofWalesandPrincessAlexandrawavedtoLillieLangtrywhowas

standingonthebalconyoftheVictoriaHotelonJuly1,1882.

LillieLangtrysfirsthusband,againcalledEdward,wasalsoinvolvedwithracehorses.

LillieherselforiginallyregisteredahorsewiththeJockeyClubasMr.Langtrybecausewomen

werenotallowedtoregisterracehorsesatthattime.

In1885,FrederickGebhardandLilleLangtrybroughtanAmericanracehorsetorunin

England. OnAugust13,1888,seventeenoftheirhorseswerederailedatShohola,

Pennsylvaniaintheearlyhoursofthemorning. Therailroadcarcontainingthehorsesrolled

downanembankmentandburstintoflames. ThehorsenamedSt.Saviour(afterLillie

LangtrysfatherschurchinJersey)survived. However,FrederickGebhardschampion

racehorse,Eole,andfourteenotherhorseswerekilled. AnotherhorseofLillieLangtry,

Merman,wontheAscotGoldCupin1900.

MyGreatGrandfather,GeorgeDowsonworkedwithhorsesallhislife. Hewasahorse

whisperer,coachman,

farrier

and

stud

groom.

His

horse

chest

containing

compartments

for

horselinimentsandmedicinesservedasanottomanandblanketboxformanyyearsinmy

parentshouse.

AfterworkingindependentlyasacoachmaninLeeds,WestYorkshire,GeorgeDowson

tookupsimilaremploymentwithawellknownsupplierofpencilsandartistsmaterials.

Himselfandhisfamily,awifeandfivechildren,tookupresidenceinhisemployerscoach

house. Notlongintohisemploymentintheearlypartof1902,GeorgeDowsoncontracted

typhoidanddiedagedonlythirtyseven. Hisemployerunceremoniouslyevictedhiswifeand

childrenuponhisdeath.

AttheRacesWilliamFiveywasawealthylandownerresidentatUnionlodge,laterLisnabrague

Lodge,Pontyzpass,NorthernIreland,duringthefirstpartofthe19thCentury. Heowned

numerousracehorses,millsandevenalimekiln. Hewashoweveraveryheavydrinkerand

gamblerand

had

suffered

so

many

losses

given

his

reckless

ways

that

he

began

to

sell

off

propertyandevenhisfurniture.

WilliamFiveydidhoweverownaparticularracehorsewhichhebelievedwasfar

superiortoanyofhisothers. Hetrainedthehorsecarefullyandconsidereditasurefire

winner. Thoughlaterdeemedsomewhatrecklessly,hebackedthehorseinaracewithallthat

remainedofhismonetaryresources. Thehorsewasindeedabouttowin,beingfaraheadof

therest,buttragicallyitfellattheverylastfence. Inresponse,Fiveytookthehorsebackto

UnionLodgeandhadthepoorbeastbrickedupinitsstable. Thehorsestarvedtodeath.


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Inaround1850,WilliamFiveywasforcedtoletoutUnionLodgetoaDr.Saunderson.

Onamoonlitnight,ahorsewasoftenseengallopingupthedriveway,andisapparentlystill

seendoingsotothisday.

ThisbringsmetoSaturdayafternoononApril14,2012. FornoparticularreasonI

decidedtowatchtheGrandNationalhorseracewhilsttakingphotoswithmysmartphone. The

upshotwasthatIhadcapturedlotsofimagesofahorsecalledSynchronisedbeforetherace

started. Heseemedaninterestingsubject,unseatinghisjockeyandthenrunningoffbefore

theraceevenbegan.

TheGrandNationalwasdelayedforfiveminuteswhilsttheCheltenhamGoldCup

winnerwascheckedbyavetanddeemedfittorun. SynchronisedwasanIrishhorse,but

elsewhereinthemeleeanotherhorsewaslininguptorun. AccordingToPetewasahorse

fromtheThirskareaofNorthYorkshire. Hetoohadasuccessfulracingcareerandhisentryin

theGrandNationalhadprovenpopularwithmanypeoplebettingonhimeventhoughhewas

somethingof

an

outsider.

SynchronisedfellatthenotoriousBechersBrookfenceandcontinuedwithouthis

jockeyuntilfallingagainatalaterfence,thistimesustainingafracturewhichavetdetermined

wastocosthimhislife. AccordingToPetealsofellatBechersBrookonthesecondlapwhen

hecollidedwithanotherhorse,sustainingabrokenshoulderintheprocess. Hetoowas

euthanizedasaresultoftheinjury.

ButIwonderedwhathadpromptedmetophotographtheminthefirstplace. Ihadnt

watchedahorseraceforyearsandhadnopriorplanstodoso,butsomewhere,ontheetherif

youlike,IbelievedthattherewasareasonformedoingthisthoughIjustwasntsurewhatit

was.

Although

it

may

have

been

a

physical

end

to

Synchronised

and

According

to

Pete,

on

the

ethertheyarestillrunning. IfeelthatIhavecommunicatedwiththepairsinceandthatthey

arestillgallopingawayoncourse.

Thisisntjustabouthorses,althoughthosetwoarespecial,itisaboutpsychic

resonance. Wheredospiritscomefromandwhydomostpeopleonlythinkofspiritsasbeing

afewhundredyearsoldinEarthtime? Isitnotalsopossiblethatprehistoriccreatureshave

spiritsaswellaslittleinsectssuchasflies?

SpiritoftheAgeIntheDreamtime,theOldEnglishleechorshaman,wouldgooutsidequotidiantimeand

guidedbyanimalspirits,wouldembarkuponanastralquest,meetingancestorsalongtheway.

AsdiseaseorattackfirstmanifestsintheOtherworld,theshamanorleechmustbereadyand

mustlearnandunderstand.

Manyoftheancientmagiinformedusthatinsectsandthelikehavegroupsouls,which

ultimatelyhaveapurpose.


11/12

MyIrishGreatGrandmotherboughtPsychicNewsfromitsverybeginning,intheearly

1930s. Shewasanaturalmediumandpsychic,whooftensawspiritanimalsandonone

occasionshewitnessedspiritmicerunningupthecurtains.

TheCeltsbelievedthatanyanimalwithapersonalityhadasoulandthatwouldinclude

micetoo. ModerndayfollowersoftheCelticreligionoftencommunicatewithanimalspirits. It

wasalsobelievedthattreescouldsometimesbereincarnatedashumansoranimals.

Cernunnos,theHornedGodCernunnos,theantlerhornedgodisoneofthemostancientgodsofalltime. Hehas

manydifferentnamesandisknowntomanydifferentreligionsaroundtheworld. Heisolder

thanancientEgyptandprehistoriccavepaintingsofTheHornedGoddatebacktotheOld

StoneAge. HewasthearchetypepatternforthegodthatChristianscalledSatan. Christian

festivalswereplacedatthesametimeasmucholder,Paganfestivals,(forexampleYule,

insteadofChristmas)togetpeopletoabandontheoldwaysandtheoldgods. Butwhere

Cernunnosisconcerned,wearenottalkingamerefewthousandyears;wearetalking

thousandsuponthousandsofyears.

CernunnosistheLordoftheWildwood,theLordoftheForest,theProtectorofAnimals

aswellasbeingtheLordoftheUnderworld. Heisrepresentedbythestagbutalsoappearsas

theGreen

Man

and

Herne,

Lord

of

the

Forest.

In

other

cultures,

he

has

many

different

names,

butheisalwaysthesamegod.

Hismother,inonedescription,(orperhapshisfather)wasAnu,ahermaphroditegod/

goddessoftheheavens,however,Cernunnos,isperhapsarguablytheoldestknowngodofall

time,datingbacktotheageofthedinosaurs.

Whendealingwithreligion,spiritualismandsuchsubjects,itisnotaboutwhohasbeen

aroundforacoupleofthousandyears,itisaboutwhohasbeenaroundforalltime? Those

ancientforcesthatwerearoundthenarestillwithusnow,referredtobydifferentnamesbut

stillthesame.


12/12

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Campbell,M.,2001.StrangeWorldoftheBrontes.Ammanford:SigmaPress.

Cawthorne,N.,1999.TheWorld'sGreatestRoyalScandals.London:BountyBooks.

Chambers,P.,2007.Jumbo:ThisBeingtheTrueStoryoftheGreatestElephantinthe

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Cottle,

G.

and

Batten,

H.,

2006.

Confessions

of

a

Showman:

My

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in

the

Circus.

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Deary,T.,2007.TheVileVictorians(HorribleHistories).London:Scholastic.

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TitusSaltJnr.Leeds:Barleybrook.

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Books.

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1993.

The

Day

They

Hanged

an

Elephant

in

East

Tennessee,

Blue

Ridge

Country,[online]Availableat:

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Critters Anonymous: The Welfare State