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Last Updated: 01 September 2011

Croatia

Cluster Munition Ban Policy

Commitment to the Convention on Cluster Munitions

Convention on Cluster Munitions status State Party

Participation in Convention on Cluster

Munitions meetings

Attended First Meeting of States Parties in Vientiane, Lao PDR in

November 2010 and intersessional meetings in Geneva in June 2011

Key developments National implementation legislation in preparation, stockpile destruction

process underw ay

Policy

The Republic of Croatia signed the Convention on Cluster Munitions on 3 December 2008 and ratified on17 August 2009. It was thus among the first 30 ratifications that triggered entry into force on 1 August2010.

A working group has been established and mandated to draft legislation to enforce the convention,including penal sanctions, and establish a national authority to coordinate and monitor implementation ofthe convention. Croatia has also established the Croatian Action Plan (CAP) to help victims of minesand unexploded ordnance (UXO) for 2010–2014.

Croatia submitted its initial Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 report on 24 January 2011, coveringthe period 1 August 2010 to 1 January 2011.

Croatia made many notable contributions throughout the Oslo Process which led to the creation of theconvention and, from its experience as an affected state, advocated for the strongest possible provisionson victim assistance. Croatia enacted a moratorium on the use, production, and transfer of clustermunitions in 2007, prior to the conclusion of the process.

Croatia has continued to actively engage in the work of the convention including in its capacity as Friendof the President of the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention. Croatia attended the FirstMeeting of States Parties to the Convention on Cluster Munitions in Vientiane, Lao PDR in November2010 where it provided information on its stockpiled cluster munitions and plans for their destruction.Croatia also attended intersessional meetings of the convention in Geneva in June 2011 and gavestatements on universalization, stockpile destruction, victim assistance, and clearance.

Croatia held a regional workshop on the Convention on Cluster Munitions in Zagreb on 23–26 May 2011that was attended by eight States Parties and two other states. To celebrate the entry into force of theconvention on 1 August 2010, Croatian Mine Action Center (CROMAC), the Ministry of Foreign Affairsand European Integration, and the NGO MineAid organized a public event in Zagreb. Croatia attendeda UN Special Event on the convention held during the UN General Assembly’s First Committee onDisarmament and International Security in New York in October 2010.

Interpretive issues

Croatia has expressed its views on a number of issues important to the interpretation and implementationof the convention. Croatia considers that transit of cluster munitions across, or foreign stockpiling ofcluster munitions on, the national territory of State Parties is prohibited by the convention. It also

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considers investment in the production of cluster munitions to be prohibited by the convention. Onanother issue, Croatia has simply stated, “As for the interoperability and use of cluster munitions bycountries that are not signatories to the [convention], and are serving within joint military operations,Republic of Croatia will act in accordance with provisions stipulated in Article 21 of the Convention.”

Convention on Conventional Weapons

Croatia is party to the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) and its Protocol V on explosiveremnants of war. Croatia continued to actively participate in deliberations in the CCW on clustermunitions in 2010 and the first half of 2011. In November 2010, Croatia expressed its reservations overthe “time and money spent” on the CCW’s work on cluster munitions and asked if, “we should take abreak in the negotiating process so that states can reconsider their national positions.”

Croatia has been critical of the chair’s draft text. In February 2011, it supported a proposal byGermany for an immediate ban on transfers of cluster munitions. Croatia has proposed including adeadline for clearance of cluster munitions in the draft text “as soon as feasible, but not later than 10years.” In March 2011, Croatia commented on the draft’s proposed prohibition on the use of clustermunitions produced before 1980, saying, “in our view we have to do more than that to have an immediatehumanitarian impact.”

Use, production, and transfer

Croatia has stated that it does not produce cluster munitions, did not import them, and that the ArmedForces of Croatia have not used them, including in missions under UN auspices.

In 2011, Croatia informed the Monitor that “no Yugoslav production facilities for cluster munitions or theircomponents were formerly located in Croatia,” but acknowledged that the Croatian company SUIS d.o.o.in Kumrovec produced a cluster munition, called the 120mm M93 mortar projectile, until 1999. In itsArticle 7 report, Croatia confirmed there is no cluster munition production on its territory.

The Trial Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) establishedthat Milan Martić ordered the shelling of Zagreb on 2–3 May 1995 using M87 Orkan rockets equippedwith submunitions. At least seven civilians were killed and more than 200 wounded in the attacks.Additionally, the Croatian government has claimed that Serb forces dropped BL-755 cluster bombs inSisak, Kutina, and along the Kupa River.

Stockpiling and destruction

Croatia inherited approximately 170 tons of stockpiled cluster munitions during the breakup of theSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In its Article 7 report, Croatia declared a total of 7,380cluster munitions containing 190,868 submunitions, comprised of the following types:

Croatia’s Cluster Munition Stockpile (as of January 2011)

Quantity Type of Cluster Munition Submunitions per weapon

7,129 120mm M93 mortar projectile 23 KB-2

26 262mm M87 Orkan rocket 288 KB-1

89 BL-755 bomb 147 Mk1

84 RBK-250 PTAB-2.5M bomb 42 PTAB-2.5M

3 RBK-250/275 AO-1 Sch bomb 150 AO-1 Sch

49 RBK-250 ZAB-2.5M bomb 48 ZAB-2.5M

Croatia has stated its commitment to destroying the stockpiled munitions in advance of the convention’seight-year deadline. The stockpile destruction program began in January 2011 with a research stagein which NGO Norwegian People’s Aid produced a feasibility study for consideration by the Ministry ofDefense. Destruction will be carried out using a combination of disassembly, recycling, and openburning/detonation methods. Provided that financial resources can be located, Croatia has forecast

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the stockpile could be destroyed by the end of 2012.

Retention

Croatia has declared that it intends to retain 14 cluster munitions and a total of 1,737 submunitions fortraining and educational purposes and for display at a military museum. The cluster munitions will bedisassembled and the submunitions disarmed and made free from explosives.

Cluster Munition Remnants

Croatia has areas contaminated by cluster munition remnants left over from the conflict in the 1990s. Asa result of general survey conducted in 2010, CROMAC reported to the Monitor in March 2011 that atotal of 6.9km was affected by unexploded submunitions. This area was said to impact 28 towns andmunicipalities across eight counties. The overwhelming majority of these areas, some 90%, arelocated in Zadarska county. CROMAC says all contaminated areas are marked with a total of 409warning signs. In contrast, Croatia’s initial Article 7 report stated that as of 1 January 2011, 5.3kmwas contaminated with an estimated 5,810 unexploded submunitions.

At the intersessional meetings in June 2011, however, Croatia reported that a larger total area of 9.2kmwas contaminated by some 5,000 unexploded submunitions. Of this larger area, 4.6km is located withinsuspected mined areas in 15 affected municipalities, while a further 4.7km across 21 municipalities isonly affected by cluster munition remnants.

Clearance of cluster munition contaminated areas

Croatia reported one cluster munitions clearance task in 2010. An area of 68,202m in Bjelovar-Bilogoracounty was cleared and seven unexploded MK-1 submunitions were found and destroyed. A furtherseven submunitions were destroyed during battle area clearance (BAC) and explosive ordnance disposal(EOD) tasks.

Clearance of cluster munition remnants in 2010

Operator Area cleared

(km )

No. of unexploded

submunitions destroyed

Piper 0.07 7

Clearance during

BAC/EOD

– 3

Totals 0.07 10

Compliance with Article 4 of the Convention on Cluster Munitions

Under Article 4 of the Convention on Cluster Munitions, Croatia is required to destroy all cluster munitionremnants as soon as possible, but not later than 1 August 2020. As noted above, Croatia has reportedthat as of June 2011, 9.2km was contaminated by some 5,000 unexploded submunitions. Since theentry into force of the Convention, Croatia has destroyed 1,590 unexploded submunitions from0.6km .

Cluster munition casualties

At least 238 casualties from cluster munitions have been reported in Croatia. Between 1993 and 1995, atleast 206 casualties occurred during cluster munition strikes. CROMAC recorded 32 casualties fromincidents involving unexploded submunitions between 1993 and 2007. No submunition casualties werereported in 2010.

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[1] The w orking group is comprised of off icials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Interior, CROMAC, and

the NGO MineAid. The legislation w ill also include provisions on victim assistance in line w ith the measures proposed in Vientiane Action

Plan. Response to Monitor questionnaire by Hrvoje Debač, Department for Humanitarian Mine Action Directorate for Multilateral Affairs,

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, 23 March 2011; and Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Form A, 24

January 2011.

[2] The main aim of CAP is to improve the overall system of care for people injured by mines and UXO, as w ell as for the families of the

victims. CAP seeks to fulf ill Croatia’s victim assistance obligations under the Mine Ban Treaty and Convention on Cluster Munitions and

their respective Cartagena and Vientiane Action Plans. Response to Monitor questionnaire by Hrvoje Debač, Ministry of Foreign Affairs

and European Integration, 23 March 2011.

[3] For details on Croatia’s cluster munition policy and practice up to early 2009, see Human Rights Watch and Landmine Action, Banning

Cluster Munitions: Government Policy and Practice (Ottaw a: Mines Action Canada, May 2009), pp. 64–66.

[4] Statement of Croatia, Vienna Conference on Cluster Munitions, 5 December 2007. Notes by CMC/WILPF.

[5] In particular, Croatia has cooperated w ith Austria on victim assistance.

[6] Statement of Croatia, First Meeting of States Parties, Convention on Cluster Munitions, Vientiane, 11 November 2010. It also made a

general statement. Statement of Croatia, First Meeting of States Parties, Convention on Cluster Munitions, Vientiane, 10 November 2010.

[7] Statement of Croatia, Convention on Cluster Munitions Intersessional Meeting, Session on Universalization, Geneva, 27 June 2011.

[8] The event took place in the main square of Zagreb and included risk education performances for children as w ell as handouts

containing information on cluster munitions and danger signs. CMC, “Entry into Force of the Convention on Cluster Munitions: Report 1

August 2010,” October 2010.

[9] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Hrvoje Debač, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, 23 March 2011.

[10] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Hrvoje Debač, Ministry for Foreign Affairs and European Integration, 29 March 2010.

[11] Statement of Croatia, CCW Meeting of States Parties, 25 November 2010, notes by Action on Armed Violence (AOAV); and

Statement of Croatia, CCW Meeting of States Parties, 26 November 2010, notes by AOAV.

[12] Statement of Croatia, CCW Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Cluster Munitions, Geneva, 3 September 2010. Notes by

AOAV.

[13] Proposal for provisions on transfers for consideration in a CCW Protocol on Cluster Munitions, submitted by Austria, Croatia,

Denmark, Germany, Luxembourg, and Sw itzerland, First 2011 Session of the CCW GGE on Cluster Munitions, Geneva, 22 February 2011,

CCW/GGE/2011-I/WP.1.

[14] Statement of Croatia, CCW GGE on Cluster Munitions, Geneva, 25 February 2010. Notes by AOAV. States Parties proposed

amending this proposal to a 10 year deadline w ith the possibility of a f ive year extension, w ith no agreement over w hether the extension

should be granted on approval of a request or on merely on receipt of a notif ication.

[15] Statement of Croatia, CCW GGE on Cluster Munitions, Geneva, 28 March 2010. Notes by AOAV.

[16] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Hrvoje Debač, Ministry for Foreign Affairs and European Integration, 29 March 2010; and

Statement of Croatia, Lima Conference on Cluster Munitions, 23 May 2007, notes by the CMC/WILPF.

[17] The last batch, series SUK-0298, w as delivered to the Ministry of Defence in 1999. The company w ent bankrupt in 2006 and the

ow ners established a new company Novi SUIS d.o.o. that produces f ire extinguishers. Response to Monitor questionnaire by Hrvoje

Debač, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, 23 March 2011.

[18] It stated that there are “several manufacturers in the Republic of Croatia that produce military equipment, but not cluster munitions.”

Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Form E, 27 January 2011.

[19] Trial Chamber of the ICTY, “Summary of Judgment for Milan Martić,” Press release, 12 June 2007, The Hague. From 4 January 1991

to August 1995, Martić held various leadership positions, including President, Minister of Defense, and Minister of Internal Affairs, in the

unrecognized off ices of the Serbian Autonomous District Krajina, and the Republic of Serbian Krajina.

[20] Statement of Croatia, Fourth Session of the GGE to Prepare the Review Conference of the States Parties to the CCW, Geneva,

January 1995.


[22] Croatia has reported that all cluster munitions are stored w ith other munitions w ith the same non-operational status and are

separated only administratively. Croatia reports that the ZAB 2.5m are incendiary munitions and reported for transparency purposes.

Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Forms B and C, 24 January 2011.


[24] Disassembly w ill be done at a w orkshop in Golubić and destruction at the Slunj training ground. Croatia has stated that it w ill try to

minimize the contamination and environmental impact of the destruction process by maximizing re-use, recycling, and reprocessing of

materials w here possible.

[25] The cost of Croatia’s stockpile destruction has been estimated at approximately €340,000 (US$450,874), of w hich 60% w ill be

financed through government funds and the rest needs to be fundraised. CMC meeting w ith Staff Sergeant Ed Batlak, Defence Policy

Director, Croatian Verif ication Centre, Ministry of Defence, Geneva, 30 June 2011. Notes by the CMC. Average exchange rate for 2010:

€1=US$1.3261. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 6 January 2011.

[26] Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Form B, 24 January 2011.

[27] Interview w ith Miljenko Vahtaric, Assistant Director, and Nataša Matesa Mateković, Head, Planning and Analysis Department,

[27] Interview w ith Miljenko Vahtaric, Assistant Director, and Nataša Matesa Mateković, Head, Planning and Analysis Department,

CROMAC, Sisak, 21 March 2011.

[28] CROMAC, “Plan of humanitarian demining in 2011, Summary,” Sisak, June 2011, p. 1.

[29] Interview w ith Miljenko Vahtaric and Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC, Sisak, 21 March 2011.

[30] Ibid.

[31] Convention on Cluster Munitions Article 7 Report, Form F, 24 January 2011.

[32] Statement of Croatia, Convention on Cluster Munitions Intersessional Meeting, Session on Clearance and Risk Reduction, Geneva, 28

June 2011. Croatia noted during its statement that its initial Article 7 report “w as not the most comprehensive report that [the] Republic of

Croatia has ever f iled.”

[33] Interview w ith Miljenko Vahtaric and Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC, Sisak, 21 March 2011.

[34] Email from Miljenko Vahtaric, CROMAC, 30 March 2011.

[35] Statement of Croatia, Convention on Cluster Munitions Intersessional Meeting, Session on Clearance and Risk Reduction, Geneva, 28

June 2011.

[36] Handicap International (HI), Circle of Impact: The Fatal Footprint of Cluster Munitions on People and Communities (Brussels: HI,

May 2007), p. 65; and CROMAC casualty data provided by email from Goran Gros, CROMAC, 23 April 2008. All know n unexploded

submunition casualties w ere included in CROMAC casualty data.

Last Updated: 01 October 2010Mine Action

Contamination and Impact

Mines

Croatia is affected by landmines and—to a much lesser extent—explosive remnants of war (ERW), alegacy of four years of armed conflict associated with the breakup of the former Yugoslavia during theearly 1990s. Suspected contamination poses an obstacle to social and economic development,particularly in former areas of conflict, affecting large areas of agricultural land and forest.

At the end of 2009, the Croatian Mine Action Centre (CROMAC) estimated the total suspected hazardousarea (SHA) at 887.8km , affecting 104 towns and municipalities. Suspected mined areas are still presentin 12 out of 21 counties, affecting approximately 920,000 inhabitants who represent 43% of the totalpopulation living in those counties and one-fifth of Croatia’s total population. CROMAC estimates theSHAs contain 93,000 mines.

Most contamination is in forest, which accounts for 557.8 km or 59.3% of the total SHA, and agriculturalland with 269.2 km or 28.6% of the total SHA. In addition, areas of underbrush and karst (limestone)have 109.7 km or 11.6% of the SHA, and yards of inhabited houses have 4.7 km or 0.5% of thetotal.

In April 2010, Croatia reported that 78 military facilities, covering 2.74km , are contaminated with afurther 65,507 antipersonnel mines and 1,741 antivehicle mines (44 more antivehicle mines thanreported in 2009). All minefields around military facilities are from the 1991–1995 armed conflict.

Cluster munition remnants

Croatia has areas contaminated by cluster munition remnants left over from the conflict in the 1990s.According to CROMAC, at the end of 2009 the areas affected by unexploded submunitions (not includingmined areas that may be suspected to contain such remnants) covered a total of 4,267,489m ,affecting 19 towns and municipalities. The problem is present in seven cantons (out of 21), and by 31December 2009 there were 19 areas suspected to contain unexploded submunitions. The types ofsubmunitions in those areas are KB-1, MK-1, and BL-755. CROMAC says all contaminated areas aremarked.

Other explosive remnants of war

Croatia continued to report the presence of other UXO around military storage facilities and the public stilloccasionally reported finding items of abandoned explosive ordnance.

Mine Action Program

Key institutions and operators

Body Situation on 1 January 2010

National Mine Action Authority CROMAC Council

Mine action center CROMAC

International demining operators Norw egian People’s Aid (NPA)

National demining operators 28 commercial companies: Amonal, Avangard, Centurion, Demin – KA,

Detektor, DIZ EKO, DOK – ING razminiranje, Enigma, Hardox, Heksogen,

Istraživač, L.M.B.S., MKA* DemING, Mungos, Mungos razminiranje, Nitro,

Piper, Piros, Promdal-DS, REASeuro WORLDWIDE, Rumital, Tehnoelektro,

Tehnoelektro podružnica 001 podružnica Oriovac, Terrafirma, Titan, Tornado

d.o.o, UXB Balkans, and Zeleni kvadrat

International risk education ICRC, NPA, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

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operators National risk education operators Croatian Red Cross, Croatian Mine Victims Association, Association of

Organizations of Croatian Civil Victims of Homeland War, Associations of

Homeland War Veterans, Mine Association, Recobot Trust Fund, Croatian

w ithout Mines trust fund, Theatre Daska (Sisak), Children’s amateur puppet

theatre “Pinokio” Knin, Puppet scene MM from Osijek, Bembo Association

CROMAC was established by the government of Croatia on 19 February 1998 as the umbrellaorganization for mine action, responsible directly to the Croatian government for coordinating mineaction. The CROMAC Council, appointed by the government, is the governing and advising body forCROMAC. The council consists of a president, appointed by the prime minister, and 10 members,appointed from the concerned ministries. The council meets at least every three months.

The Law on Humanitarian Demining was adopted in 2005 and entered into force on 5 January 2006. A2007 amendment to the law elaborated on responsibilities and human resource requirement, and asecond amendment in 2008 clarified responsibilities for quality control. According to the law, theCroatian army is responsible for clearance of all military areas.

Croatia conducts mine action in accordance with a 10-year National Strategy for 2009–2019, prepared aspart of Croatia’s request for an extension of its Article 5 deadline, as well as with action plans prepared byCROMAC. The three-year plan for 2009–2011, which was approved by the government in July 2009,aims to reduce the SHA by 219.5km through demining and general survey. Nearly one-quarter of thereduction will come from “humanitarian” tasks and more than one-half will be linked to socio-economicdevelopment plans. The plan was expected to cost about HRK1 billion (about US$177 million at theexchange rate in July 2010) and to be financed by the state budget, World Bank loans, public companies,and private donations.

Planning and prioritization of mine action is undertaken at the municipal and county levels based on mapsand data of confirmed and suspected mined areas sent by CROMAC twice a year to more than 50 localgovernment departments. Municipalities submit their demining priorities to county authorities who takeaccount of development plans in setting regional demining priorities. From these, CROMAC drafts annualplans for approval by ministries and then by the government. Public companies with projects in suspectedmined areas are obliged to include mine action in their budgets.

Demining priorities include reconstruction of houses, roads, and national utilities infrastructure,reconstruction of Ernestinovo electricity generator station and related facilities, construction of theZagreb-Dubrovnik highway, and major and secondary canals and areas close to inhabited houses.Analysis of SHAs shows contamination of agricultural areas, ploughed land, and forests pose the biggestproblem for the economy.

Another priority is suspected mine contamination along canals and river banks, which has preventedmaintenance and resulted in flooding of ploughed land, particularly along the border with Hungary. Inaddition to canals, parts of the banks of the Kupa river in Sisak-Moslavina county, the Sava river in Brod-Posavina and Vukovar-Srijem counties, and the Drava river in Osijek-Baranja county are inaccessibledue to mine contamination. Protection from flood is also impossible. Other priorities include SHAs usedfor hunting tourism, which is an important source of income for certain towns and municipalities, anddemining areas along the Zagreb-Dubrovnik highway which are to become commercial zones.

Mine action in Croatia is about four-fifths funded from national sources, mainly the national budget.Between the establishment of CROMAC in February 1998 and the end of 2009, the government hasprovided HRK3.1 billion (some $590 million) for demining, with annual allocations increasing from HRK83million ($13 million) in 1998 to HRK196 million ($37 million) in 2009.

CROMAC plays a leading role in collecting data on contaminated areas and manages the SHA database,which includes the results of general and technical surveys. From 2010, CROMAC also took responsibilityfor collecting and managing data on unexploded submunitions. CROMAC updates mine/ERW situationmaps weekly, including data on unexploded submunitions, which are available to the public onCROMAC’s website. The maps include information ranging from the location of SHAs to the position ofmine warning signs.

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Land Release

Croatia released a total of 62.58km in 2009 through clearance, “mine search techniques” and generalsurvey, exceeding National Mine Action Program targets for the year. This included 15.18km releasedby clearance in areas that are confirmed mined areas and 22.68km released by “mine searchtechniques,” the term Croatia gives to clearance conducted on land suspected to be contaminated as aresult of general survey and for which CROMAC issues clearance certificates. A further 24.7km of SHAwas cancelled after general survey found no evidence of contamination. CROMAC had planned torelease a total of 37.4km through manual clearance and “mine search techniques” and about 20kmthrough general survey.

The cost of demining in 2009 increased 5.1% compared to 2008, and averaged HRK8.18 ($1.56) per m ,without value added tax. Value added tax is usually paid on domestic funding but not on internationaldonations.

Five-year summary of land cancellation and release

Year Mined area

cleared (km )

Suspected mined area

cancelled or released by

survey (km )

2009 37.9 24.7

2008 33.1 9.4

2007 27.1 19.9

2006 24.8 78

2005 27.2 0

Total 150.1 132

Survey in 2009

The Law on Humanitarian Demining does not permit demining operators to conduct technical survey.CROMAC survey teams conduct only general survey to update data on hazards and to define tasks forclearance and the “mine search” procedure for which CROMAC issues clearance certificates. In 2009,they cancelled 24.7km of SHAs through general survey.

Mine clearance in 2009

Clearance and “mine search” operations in 2009 resulted in the release of a total of 37.9 km , a littlemore than was planned and 15% more than in 2008. This included 15.2km cleared by manual demining,24% more than the previous year, and 22.7 km cleared by “mine search.”

In 2009, 29 commercial companies and one NGO, Norwegian People’s Aid (NPA), conducted deminingwith a total of 623 deminers (610 national and 13 foreign deminers), 56 demining machines, and 34operational mine detection dogs.

Most area was cleared in 2009 by Mungos and Mungos razminiranje, the new company formed inSeptember 2009. Their combined clearance accounted for 12.7% of the total cleared area. Other majordemining operators included DOK-ING and MKA*DemING, which each accounted for more than 11% ofthe cleared area.

More than half (54%) of the land released by clearance or “mine search” was agricultural. Infrastructureaccounted for 18% and forest for 12%. Clearance operations removed all mine threat from the townsof Biograd na moru and Zadar in Zadar county, Slunj in Karlovac county, the municipalities of Erdut inOsijek-Baranja county and Vojnić in Karlovac county, and from Krka National Park.

Mine clearance in 2009

Operator Mined area

cleared (m )

No. of

antipersonnel

No. of

antivehicle

No. of UXO

destroyed during

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cleared (m ) antipersonnel

mines destroyed

antivehicle

mines

destroyed

destroyed during

mine clearance

DOK-ING razminiranje 4,223,067 88 94 34

MKA*DemING 4,194,659 215 258 171

Mungos 3,876,486 413 657 71

Istraživač 2,920,459 124 371 41

Rumital 2,290,862 207 186 70

Tornado 2,085,229 75 10 141

Heksogen 1,951,831 86 51 16

Demin-KA 1,733,208 32 9 254

Piper 1,678,967 86 24 34

Terrafirma 1,651,975 110 47 70

Centurion 1,559,058 12 0 0

Nitro 1,505,011 1,176 2,451 5

Enigma 1,143,573 329 692 27

Mungos razminiranje 920,605 0 0 7

Avangard 904,908 9 177 2

Tehnoelektro 843,459 20 10 6

Titan 769,589 2 3 9

NPA 653,841 0 0 78

REASeuro Worldw ide 651,483 42 173 0

L.M.B.S. 594,063 19 0 141

DIZ EKO 469,405 304 0 3

Tehnoelektro, podružnica 001 387,858 1 0 0

Zeleni kvadrat 336,437 21 0 1

Hardox 149,746 0 47 0

Promdal-DS 123,385 5 0 5

Amonal 101,283 0 0 0

Piros 59,451 19 16 0

UXB Balkans 50,863 0 0 0

Detektor 38,659 0 0 0

Total 37,869,420 3,395 5,276 1,186

Compliance with Article 5 of the Mine Ban Treaty

Under Article 5 of the Mine Ban Treaty (and in accordance with the ten-year extension request granted in2008), Croatia is required to destroy all antipersonnel mines in mined areas under its jurisdiction orcontrol as soon as possible, but not later than 1 March 2019.

Croatia cleared and otherwise released or cancelled a total of 270km of SHA between 1998, whenCROMAC was set up, and the end of 2009. Croatia plans to reduce 688km of mine suspected areaby the end of its extension period, including 311km through clearance and 377km through “minesearch.”

However, it has failed to achieve the targets set out in the Article 5 deadline extension request in the twoyears since it was approved. In 2008, it released 42.5km compared with the target of 53km and in2009 it released 62.59km , significantly less than the 73km projected in the extension request. As aresult, Croatia still had 887.8km at the start of 2010 compared with the 871km projected in theextension request.

Croatia’s National Mine Action Plan (NMAP), however, sets targets that differ from those in the extensionrequest. Details presented at the intersessional Standing Committee meetings in Geneva in June 2010

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request. Details presented at the intersessional Standing Committee meetings in Geneva in June 2010

showed area clearance under the NMAP would remain slightly behind extension request targets until2012 but will be higher than extension request targets in subsequent years.

Clearance of cluster munition contaminated area in 2009

Croatia did not distinguish in its reporting between cluster munitions and other UXO until 2010 followingits adherence to the Convention on Cluster Munitions. Clearance results for 2010, however, will providedetailed information on clearance and types of cluster munition remnants found and destroyed.

Compliance with Article 4 of the Convention on Cluster Munitions

Croatia signed the Convention on Cluster Munitions on 3 December 2008 in Oslo and ratified on 17August 2009, becoming a State Party upon entry into force of the treaty on 1 August 2010. Its Article4 deadline for clearance of unexploded submunitions is therefore 1 August 2020. As noted above, as ofthe end of 2009, CROMAC had identified the area contaminated solely by unexploded submunitions astotaling 4.27km . CROMAC reports all areas are marked according to its standing operatingprocedures (SOPs).

Battle area clearance in 2009

CROMAC does not report on any battle area clearance. The Ministry of Interior is responsible forclearing all ERW outside SHAs and police in every county have an explosive ordnance disposal (EOD)unit who clear any ERW reported.

Community liaison

Every county has a demining coordinator and CROMAC works closely with coordinators, particularly onplanning and prioritizing clearance operations. Demining organizations are responsible for keepingcommunities informed on the progress of operations conducted in their vicinity.

Quality management

Croatia does not have national mine action standards but adopted Rules and Regulations on Methods ofDemining to guide demining. CROMAC’s SOPs are said to be in line with the International Mine ActionStandards and cover: survey and marking of mined areas and/or buildings; project planning; eligibilityassessment for demining operators; and quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) of demining. In2009, CROMAC updated its SOPs for area reduction of suspected mined areas and for markingsuspected UXO contamination.

CROMAC is responsible for quality management and in 2009 had 12 QA officers and 27 QC monitors.QA staff conducted 1,106 checks on demining operations in 2009 and identified 16 cases where workwas substandard. In one case, QA officers ordered a contractor to re-clear land where they found part ofa PMA-2 mine. QA staff also verified 307 completed demining and “mine search” tasks in 2009,sampling 571,134m or 1.6% of the total cleared area. Inspectors found missed items of UXO onthree tasks and required the contractor to re-clear the task area.

Safety of demining personnel

In 2009, two demining accidents caused by PROM-1 mines resulted in one death and two injuries todemining personnel. Both incidents occurred on the same demining project in Sisak-Moslavina county.A machine operator sustained minor injuries in a mine explosion in July 2009 and a mine explosion duringclearance operations in August 2009 killed one deminer from Heksogen and severely injured another.

Between 1998 and 2009, a total of 59 deminers were involved in mine incidents, of whom 23 were killedand 36 others injured, 29 of them severely.

[43]

[44]

[45]

2 [46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[56]

2 [57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

Other Risk Reduction Measures

Mine/ERW risk education (RE) in Croatia was implemented by 14 accredited RE operators (threeinternational and 11 national).

In 2009, four organizations (the Civilian Homeland War Victims Association, Croatian Red Cross,CROMAC, and County Police Administration EOD units) organized a series of “Children in a minedenvironment” lectures in elementary schools.

Other RE activities were conducted by the NGO Bembo (educational short movies), Homeland WarVeterans Association from Virovitica-Podravina county (lectures “Caution, weapons and mines!”), andTheatre Daska (a play “No, no MINES”). The Center for Neohumanist Studies from Karlovac provided15,000 “Beware of mines!” picture books to elementary school students and the Croatian Red Crossproduced a new educational flyer in cooperation with CROMAC. It also continued with a project to buildsafe children’s playgrounds in mine-affected communities.

A film company, Zagreb Film Ltd., produced an RE cartoon, titled “Expert,” funded by Japan. TV andradio stations also conducted their annual RE media campaign in April (“the month of mine protection”)with conferences, lectures, plays, and roundtable discussions.

Among other RE measures, CROMAC publishes mine situation maps, including cluster munition data,which are available to the public on its website and updated every week. CROMAC reports high levels ofpublic interest in the maps, especially during the tourist season.

CROMAC continued marking of SHAs in 2009 and as the end of the year these were marked by a total of16,027 mine warning signs. In addition, areas contaminated solely by UXO were marked with 283 warningsigns.

[1] CROMAC, “Mine Action in Croatia and Mine Situation,” w w w .hcr.hr.

[2] Republic of Croatia, “National Mine Action Strategy of Croatia 2009–2019,” Zagreb, June 2009, p. 1.

[3] Interview w ith Nataša Matesa Mateković, Head, Planning and Analysis Department, CROMAC, Sisak, 9 February 2009.

[4] CROMAC, “National Mine Action Strategy of Croatia 2009–2019,” Zagreb, June 2009, pp. 6, 7.

[5] CROMAC, “Mine Action in Croatia and Mine Situation,” w w w .hcr.hr.

[6] CROMAC, “National Mine Action Strategy of Croatia 2009–2019,” Zagreb, June 2009, p. 5.

[7] Article 7 Report, Form C, 10 April 2010; and Ministry of Defense, “Report on implementation of humanitarian demining of military

facilities by Croatian Army and f inancial means spent in 2009, Summary,” adopted in March 2010, p. 32.

[8] Interview w ith Miljenko Vahtarić, Assistant Director, and Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC, Sisak, 24 March 2010.

[9] CROMAC, “Report on implementation of humanitarian demining plan and f inancial means spent in 2009, Summary,” Sisak, March 2010,

p. 3.

[10] Email from Kristina Ikic Banicek, Advisor for International Cooperation and Donations, CROMAC, 11 August 2010.

[11] Statement on Stockpile Destruction by Pjer Simunovic, Croatian State Secretary, Ministry of Defense, “After Oslo 2008 Workshop on

Cluster Munitions,” Rakitje, 9 February 2010.

[12] Interview w ith Miljenko Vahtarić and Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC, Sisak, 24 March 2010.

[13] Ibid.

[14] CROMAC, “National Mine Action Strategy of Croatia 2009–2019,” Zagreb, June 2009, p. 2.

[15] Interview w ith Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC, Sisak, 29 February 2008; and extract from Law on Humanitarian Demining,

Narodne Novine (National Gazette), No. 153/05, 28 December 2005.

[16] Ibid.

[17] Law on changes and amendments to the law on humanitarian demining, Narodne Novine (National Gazette) No. 63/2007; and

CROMAC, “Rules and legislation, Standard Operational Procedure,” w w w .hcr.hr.

[18] Law on Humanitarian Demining, Narodne Novine (National Gazette), No. 153/05, 28 December 2005.

[19] Interview w ith Miljenko Vahtarić and Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC, Sisak, 24 March 2010. Average exchange rate for July

2001: HRK1=US$0.17726. Oanda, w w w .oanda.com.


[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]


[22] Ibid, pp. 6–7.

[23] Average exchange rate for 1998: HRK1=US$0.15765. Oanda, w w w .oanda.com.


p. 16. Average exchange rate for 2009: HRK1=US$0.19040. Oanda,w w w .oanda.com.


[26] Ibid.


p. 3; and interview w ith Miljenko Vahtarić and Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC, Sisak, 24 March 2010.

[28] CROMAC, “Humanitarian demining plan 2009,” Sisak, 30 March 2009, p. 1.

[29] Interview w ith Miljenko Vahtarić and Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC, Sisak, 24 March 2010. Average exchange rate for 2009:

HRK1=US$0.19040. Oanda, w w w .oanda.com.

[30] Email from Goran Gros, Advisor for International Cooperation and Donations, CROMAC, 26 July 2010.

[31] Ibid.


[33] Ibid; and CROMAC, “Report on implementation of humanitarian demining plan and f inancial means spent in 2009, Summary,” Sisak,

March 2010, p. 13.

[34] Ibid, p. 4.

[35] Ibid, p. 13.

[36] Ibid, p. 15.

[37] Ibid, p. 9.

[38] Ibid, p. 5.

[39] Email from Goran Gros, CROMAC, 26 July 2010.


[41] Article 5 deadline Extension Request, 2 June 2008, pp. 35–36.


[43] Statement of Croatia, Standing Committee on Mine Clearance, Mine Risk Education and Mine Action Technologies, Geneva, 22 June

2010.


[45] Telephone interview w ith Anesa Kundurovic, Advisor, Multilateral Sector, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 4 June 2010.

[46] Interview w ith Miljenko Vahtarić and Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC, 24 March 2010. See also, statement by Pjer Simunovic,

Ministry of Defense, on Croatia’s cluster munition problem, “After Oslo 2008 Workshop on Cluster Munitions,” Rakitje, 9 February 2010.

[47] Interview w ith Miljenko Vahtarić and Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC, 24 March 2010.


[49] Presentation on Problem w ith Cluster Munitions in Croatia by Miljenko Vahtarić, “After Oslo 2008 Workshop on Cluster Munitions,”

Rakitje, 10 February 2010.


[51] Ibid.

[52] “Rules and Regulations on Methods of Demining,” Narodne Novine (National Gazette), No. 53/2007.

[53] CROMAC, “Mine Action in Croatia,” w w w .hcr.hr; and interview w ith Miljenko Vahtarić and Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC,

Sisak, 24 March 2010.


p. 13.


[56] CROMAC, “Report on implementation of humanitarian demining plan and in 2009, Summary,” Sisak, March 2010, p. 13.



p. 14.


[60] CROMAC, “Mine took life of one deminer and severely injured the other one,” 24 August 2009, w w w .hcr.hr.

[61] Ibid.




p. 23; and Article 7 Report (for calendar year 2009), Forms I and J, pp. 27–28, 30.

[64] Ibid.



p. 22.

Last Updated: 06 August 2010Casualties and Victim Assistance

Casualties

Casualties in 2009

Casualties in 2009 7 (2008: 9)

Casualties by outcome 4 killed; 3 injured (2008: 3 killed; 6 injured)

Casualties by device type 7 antipersonnel mines

In its Article 7 transparency report for 2009, Croatia reported seven antipersonnel mine casualties for2009. All casualties were men; four were civilians and three were deminers. This represented adecrease from the nine landmine casualties identified for 2008 and was the lowest annual casualty figuresince the start of data collection. However, the number of deminer casualties was the same in bothyears. Since 2003, the Croatian Mine Action Centre (CROMAC) did not record casualties whichoccurred outside of official landmine suspected areas, such as areas affected only by cluster munitionsremnants or other explosive remnants of war (ERW).

CROMAC recorded 1,920 mine/ERW casualties between 1991 and the end of 2009 (500 people killedand 1,420 injured). The annual casualty rate continuously decreased from 2004 to the end of 2009.

Between 1993 and 1995, some 206 casualties occurring during the use of cluster munitions werereported. An additional 32 casualties from incidents involving unexploded submunitions between 1993and 2007 were recorded.

Victim Assistance

The total number of mine/ERW survivors in Croatia is unknown, but is at least 1,420.

In 2009, the needs of survivors in Croatia were not assessed, but basic mine/ERW casualty datacontinued to be collected by CROMAC. Other state institutions managed the information on mine/ERWsurvivors including the Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, and the National Instituteof Public Health. However, this data could not be shared due to legal concerns related to strict privacylegislation. In 2009, CROMAC committed itself to the task of unifying casualty data from all relevantstate bodies in one database for use in future needs assessments. Under the National Strategy ofEqualization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities 2007–2015, a process was started to collectdata and to define the category of “severe disability” in order to improve access to services for peoplewith the greatest needs.

Victim assistance coordination

Government coordinating body/ focal

point

CROMAC, in accordance w ith the Law on Humanitarian Demining

Coordinating mechanism None, but discussion of victim assistance activities occurred w ithin

CROMAC risk education and other mine action meetings

Plan None

Croatia lacked active victim assistance coordination and a specific coordination body in 2009. Victimassistance was not yet included in the coordination of disability issues through the National Strategy ofEqualization of Possibilities for Persons with Disabilities 2007–2015 and state bodies responsible forimplementing the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

Survivors were involved in planning and implementation of services through NGOs.

Croatia provided basic reporting on casualty data and government and NGO victim assistance activitiesin Form J of its Article 7 report for 2009.

Service accessibility and effectiveness

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

Service accessibility and effectivenessVictim assistance activities in 2009

Name of

organization

Type of

organization

Type of activity Changes in

quality/coverage of

service in 2009

Model of Active

Rehabilitation and

Education

(previously

know n as the

Duga Center)

National NGO Specialized facility for psychological

support and social reintegration for

survivors

Reconstruction of premises

not completed; changed

target beneficiary base to

encompass people of all

ages and others including

families and affected

communities

MineAid National NGO Group therapy, individual

psychological help, information on

employment and self-employment,

professional education, visits to

survivors, and social and f inancial

support

Increased all services to

mine/ERW survivors w ith

new projects

Udruga Žrtava

Mina Karlovačke

Županije

(Karlovac County

Mine Victims

Association)

National NGO Peer support, psychological

assistance, information and medical

and employment referrals

No change

Sintagma Consulting

company

Economic reintegration seminars and

training

New organization; began

victim assistance project in

November 2009

Overall, there were no significant changes that affected victim assistance services in Croatia in 2009.

Adequate emergency care exists in Croatia, though there is still a need for a comprehensive approach toimmediate assistance for survivors, including an integrated medical team for psychological support andreferral.

Physical rehabilitation continued to be available in clinical centers in Zagreb and in the mine-affectedareas of Osijek, Rijeka, and Split. The Clinical Hospital Center in Zagreb provided rehabilitation andprosthetics in accordance with international standards, but the physical premises did not meetaccessibility standards for people with disabilities.

Psychological support and social inclusion services for persons with post-traumatic stress disorderremained insufficient. A broad approach to psychological support was identified as a priority need forsurvivors and their families in 2009. Specific psychological support was needed for children whoseparents had been killed by mines/ERW, and also for widows who are single mothers.

In 2009, the Croatian Employment Service began new projects to increase the employability of personswith disabilities. The government also improved cooperation with civil society organizations to create anetwork of community-based services.

Croatia has a legal framework including over 200 laws and by-laws to enforce the rights of persons withdisabilities. However, the government was reportedly slow in introducing measures or revising relevantlaws to improve the lives of persons with disabilities. Legislation requiring access to new buildings forpersons with disabilities was not always enforced, and the law did not require existing buildings to beadapted. Access to public facilities for persons with disabilities remained limited. In 2009, withadequate staff capacity, the office of the Ombudsperson for Persons with Disabilities becamefunctional.

Croatia ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on 15 August 2007.

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[1] Interview w ith Miljenko Vahtarić, Assistant Director, and Nataša Matesa Mateković, Head, Planning and Analysis Department,

CROMAC, Sisak, 24 March 2010; Article 7 Report, Form J, 10 April 2010; and CROMAC, “Mine victims assistance (MVA),” w w w .hcr.hr.

[2] Article 7 Report, Form J, 29 April 2009; and interview w ith Nataša Matesa Mateković, CROMAC, Sisak, 9 February 2009. CROMAC

reported seven of the casualties recorded for 2008.

[3] Interview w ith Goran Gros, Advisor for International Cooperation and Donations, CROMAC, Sisak, 29 February 2008. In previous

years, ERW casualties outside mine suspected areas w ere identif ied via data from other sources w hich w ere not available in 2008 and

2009.

[4] CROMAC, “Mine Victims assistance (MVA),” w w w .hcr.hr.

[5] Circle of Impact: The Fatal Footprint of Cluster Munitions on People and Communities (Brussels: Handicap International, May 2007),

p. 65; and CROMAC casualty data provided by email from Goran Gros, CROMAC, 23 April 2008. Know n unexploded submunition

casualties w ere included in CROMAC casualty data.

[6] CROMAC, “Mine Victims assistance (MVA),” w w w .hcr.hr.

[7] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Marija Breber, Social Worker, MineAid, 3 March 2010.

[8] Article 7 Report, Form J, 10 April 2010. This task had not been completed by the end of 2009.

[9] Response to Monitor questionnaire by Marija Breber, MineAid, 3 March 2010.

[10] Article 7 Report, Form J, 10 April 2010.

[11] Landmine and Cluster Munition Monitor observations at the First Victim Assistance Coordination Meeting, Zagreb, 15 April 2010. See

also, CROMAC, “1st Coordination Meeting of State Administration Bodies and Non-Governmental Organizations in MVA Programmes Held,”

15 April 2010, w w w .hcr.hr.


[13] Article 7 Report, Form J, 10 April 2010.

[14] Ibid; response to Monitor questionnaire by Marija Breber, MineAid, 3 March 2010; International Trust Fund for Demining and Mine

Victims Assistance, “Annual Report 2009,” Ljubljana, May 2010, p. 57; Sintagma, “Mine Victims,” zrtve-mina.com; presentation by Croatia,

Tirana Workshop on Progress and Challenges in Achieving a Mine-Free South Eastern Europe, 9 October 2009; and Karlovac County

Mine Victims Association, w w w .kuzm.hr. The Association of Organizations of Croatian Civil Victims of Homeland War of Croatia Center

also provides assistance, how ever specif ic activities w ere not identif ied.


[16] Article 7 Report, Form J, 10 April 2010; and statement by Croatia, Standing Committee on Victim Assistance and Socio-Economic

Reintegration, Geneva, 24 June 2010.

[17] Email from Miroslav Jelic, Director, Institute for Rehabilitation and Orthopedic Devices, Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb, 12 March 2010.

[18] Presentation by Neven Henigsberg, Head, Department of Psychopharmacology, University of Zagreb, Tirana Workshop on Progress

and Challenges in Achieving a Mine-Free South Eastern Europe, Tirana, 8 October 2009.

[19] Maria Breber, “Expanding the netw ork of psychosocial and economic support,” Workshop report, MineAid, 16 March 2010.


[21] European Commission (EC), “Croatia 2009 Progress Report,” Commission staff w orking document, Brussels, 15 October 2009, pp.

12, 46–47.

[22] Convention on Conventional Weapons Protocol V Article 10 Report, Form F, 31 March 2010.

[23] United States Department of State, “2009 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Croatia,” Washington, DC, 11 March 2010.

[24] EC, “Croatia 2009 Progress Report,” Brussels, 15 October 2009, pp. 12, 46–47.

Last Updated: 31 August 2011Support for Mine Action

In 2010 the government of Croatia contributed €32,300,000 (US$42,833,030) to its mine actionprogram, which represents a 14% decrease compared to 2009. Since 2006, Croatia’s contribution tomine action from the state budget has totaled €161,511,521 ($220,837,468) which represents 87% of thetotal mine action budget.

In 2010, Croatia also received $5,438,553 in international contributions toward clearance activities fromthe United States (US), Norway, Germany, and Japan. Since 2006 international contributions haveaveraged $6.89 million per year.

International contributions: 2010

Donor Sector Amount

(national

currency)

Amount

($)

US Clearance $2,130,000 2,130,000

Norway Clearance NOK9,999,000 1,654,067

Germany Clearance €730,000 968,053

Japan Clearance ¥60,255,052 686,433

Total 5,438,553

Summary of contributions: 2006–2010

Year National

contributions

(€)

National

contributions ($)

International

contributions ($)

Total contributions

($)

2010 32,300,000 42,833,030 5,438,553 48,271,583

2009 37,528,919 52,296,549 4,720,812 57,017,361

2008 30,782,602 45,330,460 6,574,630 51,905,090

2007 33,700,000 46,206,070 8,775,040 54,981,110

2006 27,200,000 34,171,360 8,919,730 43,091,090

Total 161,511,521 220,837,469 34,428,765 255,266,234

[1] Email from Miljenko Vahtarić, Assistant Director, Croatian Mine Action Centre (CROMAC), 18 August 2011.

[2] Responses to Monitor questionnaire by Lt.-Col. Klaus Koppetsch, Desk Officer Mine Action, German Federal Foreign Office, 18 April

2011; Chisa Takiguchi, Off icial, Conventional Arms Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan, 27 April 2011; and Ingunn Vatne, Senior

Advisor, Department for Human Rights, Democracy and Humanitarian Assistance, Norw egian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 27 April 2011.

US Department of State, “To Walk the Earth in Safety 2011,” Washington, DC, July 2011.

[3] Average exchange rate for 2010: US$1=NOK6.0451; €1=US$1.3261; and US$1=¥87.78. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange

Rates (Annual),” 6 January 2011.

[4] See ICBL-CMC, “Country Profile: Croatia: Support for Mine Action,” w w w .the-monitor.org, 6 August 2010. Croatia Article 5 deadline

Extension Request, 2 June 2008, pp. 21–24. Average exchange rates for 2009: €1=US$1.3935; 2008: €1=US$1.4726; 2007:

€1=US$1.3711; 2006:and €1=US$1.2563. US Federal Reserve, “List of Exchange Rates (Annual),” 4 January 2010.

[1]

[2]

[3]

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