CROATIAN LANGUAGE

What´s the Use of It

The Croatian language is the official language of the Republic of

Croatia.

It belongs to the group of South-Slavic languages, along with

Slovene, Bosnian, Serbian, Montenegrin, Macedonian and Bulgarian.

The two other large groups of Slavic languages are West-Slavic

(Czech, Slovak, Polish) and East-Slavic (Russian, Belarussian, and

Ukrainian).

Throughout the history this language has not always been called

Croatian. Instead it was called by various names such as Illyrian,

Slovin, Slavonian, Dalmatian and others.

Croatian was the only European language that was

written in three different scripts:

• angular Glagolitic (from the 9th century)

• Western Cyrillic (from the 12th century)

• Latin (from the 14th century).

With time the Latin script prevailed, but even in the 19th

century we can still find some documents written in

Glagolitic script.

ery important monument, containing an inscription written

in the Croatian Glagolitic alphabet is a stone tablet – Bašćanska

ploča (Baška Stone Tablet), dating from the end of 11th century,

found in the church of St. Lucy near the town of Baška on the

island of Krk. It contains about 400 Glagolitic characters

Its particular importance lies in the following three words carved

in stone:

ZVONIMIR, THE CROATIAN KING.

Table of Croatian Glagolitic Script on the BaškaTablet.

The Latex font created by D.Ž., using METAFONT.

The tradition of the Croatian Cyrillic Script goes back to

the 12th century and lasted continuously until the 18th

century, with sporadic uses even in the 20th century.

This Script was in use among the Croats in Dalmatia

(especially in the Split and Makarska hinterland), in the

Dubrovnik region and in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

The Croatian Latin was mostly designed by Ljudevit Gaj, who

modelled it after Czech and Polish, and invented ⟨lj⟩, ⟨nj⟩ and ⟨dž⟩.

Gaj followed the example of Pavao Ritter Vitezović and the Czech

orthography, making one letter of the Latin script for each sound in

the language.

The alphabet consists of thirty symbols:

A, B, C, Č, Ć, D, Đ, DŽ, E, F, G, H, I, J, K,

L, LJ,M, N,NJ, O, P, R, S, Š, T, U, V, Z, Ž

A, aAlgebra

Apsolutna vrijednost = Apsolute Values |x|

Aritmetička sredina = Aritmetic Mean𝑎+𝑏

2

Algebarski razlomak = Algebraic Fraction2𝑥+3𝑦

𝑥2

Asocijacija = Associative property

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐

B, b

Broj = Number

Baza = Base 𝑎3

Binomni koeficijent = Binomial coefficients𝑛𝑘

Brojnik = Numerator

Brojevni pravac = Number line

Binomni poučak = Binomial theorem

C, c

Centralna simetrija = Point Symmetry

Cijeli brojevi = Whole numbers ℤ

Č,č Ć,ć

Četiri = Four 4

Čunosječice = Conic Section

D,d

Dva = Two 2 , Devet = Nine 9, Deset = Ten 10

Dužina = Line segment

Domena funkcije = Functions Domen

Dijeljenje = Division 27: 3, 𝑎7: 𝑎2

Drugi korijen = Square root 𝑎

Đ, đ John Dž, dž

E,e

Eksponent = Exponents 𝑎7

Element = Elements

F, f

Funkcija = Functions 𝑓 𝑥Fokus elipse = Focus of an ellipse

Formula dvostrukog kuta = Double-angel formulas

G,g

Graf = Graph,

Geometrijska sredina = Geometric mean

H,h

Horizontalni test = Horizontal line test

Harmonijska sredina = Harmonic mean

I, i

Interval = Intervals 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑎, 𝑏Inverzna funkcija = Inverse functions 𝑓−1(𝑥)Imaginarni broj = Imaginary number 3𝑖

J, j

Jedan = One 1 Jedanaest = Eleven 11

Jednadžba = Equations 3𝑥 + 2 = 5Jednakost = Identity 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 1

K, k

Kompleksni broj = Complex number 3 + 2𝑖Kružnica = Circle , Kvadrat = Square

Kompozicija funkcija = Composite function 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 𝑥Kvadratna jednadžba = Quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

Kosa asimptota = Slant Asymptotes 𝑘 = lim𝑥→∞

𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥

Koeficijent smjera pravca = Slope of line 𝑘 =𝑦2−𝑦1

𝑥2−𝑥1

Kut =Angle Kosinus = Cosine

Koordinate točke = Coordinate T(x,y)

L, l

Linearna nejednadžba = Linear inequalities 2𝑥 + 3 < 5Logaritamska funkcija = Logarithmic functions 𝑓 𝑥 = log𝑎 𝑥

Limes = Limit(s) lim𝑛→∞

1 +1

𝑛

𝑛

LJ, lj Ljiljana

M, mMetoda parcijalne integracije = Integration by Parts

Množenje = Multiplication

Mreža kocke = Cube net

N,nNazivnik razlomka = Denominator

Neprekidna funkcija = Continuous functions

Niz = Sequence 𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 1Najmanji zajednički višekratnik = Least common denominator

Neodređeni integral = Indefinite Integration 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Nula = Zero 0

Neparna funkcija = Odd function 𝑓 −𝑥 = −𝑓(𝑥)Negativan broj = Negative number

Nj,nj

O,oOs – Axis

Opseg kružnice = Circumference of circle 𝑜 = 2𝑟𝜋Osam = Eight 8, Osamnaest = Eighteen 18

Obujam = Volume 𝑉 = 𝑎3

Oplošje = Surface area 𝑂 = 6𝑎2

P, pPovršina = Area Pravac = Line

Prirodni brojevi = Natural numbers

Pet = Five 5, Petnaest = Fiffteen 15

R, rRealni brojevi = Real numbers ℝRacionalni brojevi = Rational numbersℚRavnina = Plane Rotacija = Rotation

Red = Series

S, s

Sedam = Seven 7 Stožac = Cone

Skup = Set

Simetrala kuta = Bisector of angle, Središte = Center

Š, š

Šest = Six 6

Šiljasti kut = Acute angle

T, tTri = Three 3

Težišnica =Median Točka = Point

Tjeme parabole = Vertex of Parabola

Trigonometrijske funkcije = Trigonometric functions

Trokut = Triangle

U, uUdaljenost točaka = The Distance Formula

Umnožak polinoma = Multiplication of polynomials

Unija skupova = Union of sets

Usporedni pravci = Parallel line

V, vVisina = Altitude

Vektor = Vector

Valjak = Cylinder

Z, zZajednički djelitelj = Common factor

Zadatak = Problem

Zbroj = Addition

Ž, žŽarište hiperbole = Focus of a hyperbola

Task: Learn a few Croatian expressions!

Dobar dan = Hello!

Hvala = Thanks

Kako se zoveš? = What´s your name?

Zovem se Ljiljana = My name is Ljiljana.

Ja sam iz Hrvatske = I am from Croatia.

Kako ste? = How are you?

Molim, čašu vode = A glass of water, please.

Doviđenja = Good bye!