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La venue de ce conférencier a été d ibl â tirendue possible grâce au soutien
financier du ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation
Crops Produced Using High Tunnels
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What are some crops being grown within high tunnels?
20
30
40
50
60
70
No. re spond ents
0
10
20s
Tomatoes
Cucurbits
Peppers
Salad Greens
Spinach
Green Beans
Beets
Brassicas
Carrots
Onions
Peas
Potatoes
Strawberries
Herbs
Cut Flow
ers
Source: 2004-07 Central Great Plains High Tunnel Survey
2004 2008
020406080
100
Res
pons
e %
1
2 34
0 Tom
ato
SaladG
reens
Solanums
Berries
Cut
Flowers
3
Determinate Tomatoes
40 inch (1.2 m) 40 inch (1.2 m) canopy heightcanopy height
Indeterminate Tomatoes
72 inch (1.8 m) canopy 72 inch (1.8 m) canopy heightheight
‘Big Beef’
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‘Sungold’ cherry tomatoes on a string trellis.
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What do we know about high tunnel tomato production?
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1. Optimal spacing: 0.6-0.9m2/plant
Tomatoes are high light requiring plants.
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Most commercial high tunnels have ≈ 280-380 tomato plants per crop cycle.
2. Use larger transplants
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3. Temperature Management
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May be using 30 hours of labor per crop in venting.
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Growers indicate production issuesGrowers indicate production issues::
60
%)
2004 2006 2008
0
10
20
30
40
50Pr
opor
tion
of
resp
onde
nts (
%
0
Insec
ts
Diseas
es
Wate
r mgt.
Temp. m
gt
Nutrien
t mgt
Wind
Factor
Min/Max Thermometer
Air temperatures ≥ 90°F (32°C) or ≤ 55°F (13°C)can reduce tomato fruit set and affect pollination.
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100
150
ratu
re (F
)
High Tunnel (managed)OutsideHigh Tunnel (unmanaged)
0
50
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Time (h)
Tem
per
Energy Curtain
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Low Tunnels
13
14
15
High Temperatures
100
150
ratu
re (F
)
High Tunnel (managed)OutsideHigh Tunnel (unmanaged)
0
50
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Time (h)
Tem
per
16
Yellow Shoulder Disorder
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Ridge or peak vent
51” Ridge or peak g pvent
A. Montri
High Tunnel Ridge VentHigh Tunnel Ridge Vent
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Using shade fabric will significantly iimprove tomato fruit quality and yield.
Do not limit light!
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100120
e (F
)High Tunnel Ambient Shade cloth
20406080
Tem
pera
ture
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Time (h)
20
Splitting:
High Day Temps Low g y pNight Temps
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NON-GRAFTED GRAFTED
4. Average yields ≈ 10kg/m2
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Cover crops within high tunnels.p g
Grass/legume mix
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25
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Other Solanum crops such as peppers and eggplants.
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“HOT HOUSE”
Peppers
Basil
Melons Tomatoes
Eggplants
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Optimal planting arrangement: 0.15 m2/plant
Optimal temperature: 21-27°C
Average marketable yield: 4 kg/plant
LOW TUNNELSLOW TUNNELS
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30
Vine/Cucurbit Crops
Cantaloupes
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MuskmelonsSquash
Plant density can be increased by trellising.
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ParthenocarpicParthenocarpic Summer Squash
Cultivar Seed Sourcey Squash No./plant
Squash/high tunnelz
Comments
Sultan JS 5.0 1750 Parthenocarpic; medium dark
green fruit
Magda JS 4.2 1470 Pale green fruit
Spineless Beauty
SW 4.5 1575 Spine-free
Parthenon Thompson & Morgan
4.2 1470 Parthenocarpic; dark green fruit
Tigress JS 3.3 1155 Virus resistant
Venus Thompson & Morgan
3.3 1155 Parthenocarpic, dark green fruitg fruit
Bush Baby JS 1.3 455 Small, striped fruit
Costata Romanesca
JS 1.2 420 Open-pollinated, striped fruit
Large plant
LSD(0.05) 2.0
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‘Bush Baby’
‘Sultan’
‘Costata Romanesca’
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Cucumbers are a profitable high tunnel crop for spring and fall.
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Berries
Brambles
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Prmocane-fruiting raspberries
Optimal planting arrangement: 40 canes/meter
Optimal temperature: 21-24°C
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Floricane-fruiting blackberriesg
Primocane-fruiting blackberries
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1500-2000 strawberry plants per commercial high tunnel
Strawberries
g
Optimal planting arrangement: 3-row bed
Optimal temperature: 20-25°C
Average marketable yield: 680g/plant
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40
50
60
ft.)
Harvest frequency of high tunnel strawberries:
10
20
30
40
Oun
ce p
er r
ow (3
0 f
0
10
April 10-18
April 24 April 26 May 4 May 10 May 22 May 25 June 5
Date
O
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Salad Greens
42
G d C ltGround Culture
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Fl t B dFloat Bed
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Root Vegetables
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8101214
t per
ft
NUM WT
02468
Num
ber/
wt
Apa
Bole
Nect
Mok
Nap
SS54
Nels
Herache
ero
tar
kum
poli
4 son
rcules
Salad Greens
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$6.50/FT2
http://www.hoophouse.msu.edu/
$5/FT2
Thank you, and please visit the high tunnel web site:
