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www.intel.com/software/gdc www.intel.com/software/gdc
Cross-Platform Game Development Best practices learned from Marmalade, Unreal, Unity, etc.
Orion Granatir & Omar Rodriguez
www.intel.com/software/gdc Be Bold. Define the Future of Software. GDC 2013
Agenda
• Understand the major mobile platforms
• 5 steps to being “truly” cross-platform
• How to {sup}port Android, Windows, iOS
• Examples with Mortar and Marmalade
2
Step 0 – Use a game engine
3
Step 1 – Abstract hardware/OS
1. Abstract the GPU with OpenGL
2. Abstract the CPU by using standard C/C++
3. Any architecture specific code (ASM, SIMD, etc) will have to be rewritten
4
Step 2 – Unified code base
1. C/C++ is the most portable language!!
2. Use multiple files instead of a ton of #defines
3. Define common OS functionality in a common header: system_Android.c
system_Windows.c
system_iOS.m file.h 5
Step 3 – Build from one place and in one way
1. Most developers build from Visual Studio (works with everything except iOS).
2. There are lots of options to emulate OpenGL ES on Windows. You can implement most major functionality in an environment with a good debugger.
6
Step 4 – Plan ahead for multiple screen sizes/resolutions
1. Multiple screen dimensions and resolutions are a problem on all platforms (including iOS!), so plan ahead.
2. Scale with OpenGL (the UI needs the most work).
3. Consider Dynamic Resolution Scaling…
7
Dynamic Resolution Scaling
• http://software.intel.com/en-us/android
Step 5 – Use the right tools
1. There are no good “completely cross platform” tools. They are generally hardware specific.
2. Use Intel® Graphics Performance Analyzer and Intel® VTune™ Amplifier for Intel hardware…
9
Profile: Intel® Graphics Performance Analyzer
1. Install APK 2. On dev machine, run System Analyzer
3. Profile
Come see this at the Intel booth!!
10
{Sup}port Android
1. Let the NDK do the hard work. Write minimal JNI wrapper.
2. Add multiple ABIs in Application.mk file (ARMv5, ARMv7, x86).
Build ARM v5…
Build ARM v7a…
Build x86…
11
Test on HAXM emulator
1. Download the HAXM emulator from the Android SDK Manager
12
Test on HAXM emulator
2. Create a new virtual device with x86 as the target.
The emulator will run with hardware acceleration.
13
{Sup}port iOS
1. Objective-C works well with C/C++. Isolate Objective-C code and call into from standard C/C++.
2. iOS has a good debugger, use it!
14
{Sup}port Windows
1. Treat Desktop and Metro (aka Windows 8 Store apps) as separate platforms.
2. It’s easy to add touch to the Desktop (with the latest APIs).
15
Mortar Engine by Halfbrick
Example: Fruit Ninja A game that runs everywhere
15+ Platforms supported: – iOS
– Android
– Windows Desktop (XP/Win7) -- Primary Development Platform.
– Windows 8 Metro
– Windows Phone
– Xbox 360
– Flash
– HTML 5
– Symbian^3
– Bada
– Coin op-arcade
– Linux
– Smart TVs
– OS X
– Several more! We want to be everywhere!
17
Courtesy of Richard McKinney, Halfbrick CTO
Mortar Engine Mortar Engine
Rendering API (360, D3D9, GLES1, GLES2, D3D11, etc) Abstractions around Meshes, Vertex Buffers, Index Buffers, Effects, Shaders, Textures, etc.. Pretty much every API has these concepts which we can abstract per API.
Sound/Music API (OpenAL, OpenSL, Java, XAudio2, Xact, etc) We don’t get too complicated with sound in our games, so we’re able to easily provide abstracted sound handles to games that don’t know the underlying API.
We’ve actually recently moved towards a software mixer implementation on most platforms due to the extreme fragmentation within different implementations of the same API by multiple vendors (Android!)
© 2012 Halfbrick Studios Pty Ltd. 18
Mortar Engine Mortar Engine Input API (DirectInput, Metro, iOS, Android, etc):
This is always specific to the platform. You will notice that the Touch and Mouse support in Metro is extremely similar to iOS. We have generic Touch classes that encapsulate the multiple touches you can subscribe to.
Smaller Items: FileIO: Sometimes just CRT, sometimes optimal beyond that.
Networking and HTTP communications: Most games need to phone home.
Social Networking APIs (Facebook and Twitter -> Share Contracts).
IAP/Microtransaction systems (Windows Store, Google Play, iTunes).
Cloud Services: We have rolled our own solution, but platform based solutions do exist.
© 2012 Halfbrick Studios Pty Ltd. 19
Mortar Engine Mortar Engine
Of course not. BUT, most everything else is cross platform C++ code that works between ALL of our deployment platforms. Avoid platform implementations for things you can do in a cross platform way:
Collision
Math
UI
Serialization
Event Handling
True Type Fonts
Much, much more truly cross platform C++ code.
© 2012 Halfbrick Studios Pty Ltd.
That can’t be all?!
20
Marmalade
21 28-Mar-13
Tim Closs, CTO
28-Mar-13 ©2012 Marmalade. Trademarks belong to their respective owners. All rights reserved. 22
What is the Marmalade SDK?
Marmalade SDK is a powerful cross-platform SDK for the efficient
development of richer games and apps for mobile, desktop and Smart
TV platforms.
Marmalade is also FAST, FLEXIBLE and OPEN Marmalade is also FAST, FLEXIBLE and OPEN
Marmalade is highly CROSS-PLATFORM Marmalade is highly CROSS-PLATFORM
Cross-platform
• iOS (3.0+) • Android (2.3+) – NOW x86! • BlackBerry 10 (+ PlayBook OS) • Windows Phone 8 • Windows (7, Vista, XP3) • Mac OS X (10.6+) • LG Smart TV
• iOS (3.0+) • Android (2.3+) – NOW x86! • BlackBerry 10 (+ PlayBook OS) • Windows Phone 8 • Windows (7, Vista, XP3) • Mac OS X (10.6+) • LG Smart TV
Coming next • Windows Store • Roku
Coming next • Windows Store • Roku
From a single codebase, create native games and apps entirely in Windows / Visual Studio or on Mac / Xcode and deploy to:
Fast
• Marmalade enables direct access to
the hardware, providing native
performance on every device
• Compile natively for the CPU
– Maximum CPU performance (not limited
by virtual machines)
• Target OpenGL ES directly
– Maximum GPU performance
28-Mar-13 ©2012 Marmalade. Trademarks belong to their respective owners. All rights reserved. 25
Flexible and Open
Develop entirely on Windows or Mac
Case Studies
PES 2010, 2011, 2012 (Konami)
Cut the Rope (ZeptoLab)
Marmalade Quick: Rapid 2D game dev
• Build 2D games quickly. No need to use C++
• Open source and extendable if needed
• Write in Lua, the fastest scripting language
around
• 2D graphics, animation, fonts, vector shapes,
particles, scene transitions, physics, audio,
databases, web views, networking, Facebook,
ads, analytics, cross-platform billing API
• Uses popular frameworks Cocos2d, Box2D, etc
• Integrated with free ZeroBrane IDE
• FREE with all Marmalade licence types
Marmalade Quick: Case study
• Flagship game built by
Marmalade Game Studio
• Helped shape Marmalade Quick
• Super-smooth puzzle game
• Lots of great visual effects
• Released simultaneously on App Store,
Google Play, Amazon Appstore, BlackBerry
World
• Uses cross-platform billing API
Marmalade Juice
Marmalade Juice removes brute-force porting from iOS
Keep using Xcode, Objective-C & iOS APIs, for all platforms
Port from iOS to Android without changing how you work
Target all platforms from a single codebase
A single codebase means app updates are easier and cheaper
Only minor modifications needed – so you can focus on optimisation
An Open Source add-on – edit improve/change as you like
Case Study: Tap Paradise Cove
Top-10 Grossing iOS game
Ported to Android using
Marmalade Juice
Launched on Google Play and
Amazon Appstore
Reached over 1m new users
Now looking to target
iOS/Android from single
Objective-C codebase
Richer apps are
www.madewithmarmalade.com
Conclusions
• Follow the 5 easy steps to build a truly cross platform game.
• Intel has a lot of tools and resources to help. Please contact us!
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The Next Session
• 4:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.
• OpenCL—Apply Parallel Compute Capabilities to 2D/3D Scenes
• Presenters: Michał Mrozek and Krzysztof Laskowski
For more information: www.intel.com/software/gdc
GDC 2013
35
The Next Session
• 5:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.
• Why Render Hidden Objects? Cull Them with a Software Depth-buffer Rasterizer!
• Presenter: Charumathi Chandrasekaran
For more information: www.intel.com/software/gdc
GDC 2013
36
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GDC 2013
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GDC 2013
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