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Mary Jean Harrold 1CS 4001
Creating a Diverse Workforce
Mary Jean Harrold 2CS 4001
Diversity in Computing
Diverse participation encourages creativity Design of products and services by a
diverse group yields products and services that benefit a broad range of consumers
Fortune 500 companies with a high number of female executives deliver 34% higher return to shareholders than companies with the fewest women
Mary Jean Harrold 3CS 4001
The Incredible Shrinking Pipeline
Adapted from“The incredible shrinking pipeline, Communications of the ACM, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 103-110, Oct. 1997, Tracy Camp Colorado School of Mines
Mary Jean Harrold 4CS 4001
Questions
What is the incredible shrinking pipeline? Why does the incredible shrinking pipeline
exist? Is it a problem? Why or why not? If yes, what is being done to solve the problem? Does the incredible shrinking pipeline exist
outside the United States?
Mary Jean Harrold 5CS 4001
Total B.A./B.S. Degrees Awarded
80-81
81-82
82-83
83-84
84-85
85-86
86-87
87-88
88-89
89-90
90-91
91-92
92-93
93-94
94-95
95-96
96-97
97-98
800000
850000
900000
950000
1000000
1050000
1100000
1150000
1200000
1250000
Mary Jean Harrold 6CS 4001
Percent B.A./B.S. Degrees to Women
80-81
81-82
82-83
83-84
84-85
85-86
86-87
87-88
88-89
89-90
90-91
91-92
92-93
93-94
94-95
95-96
96-97
97-98
40
45
50
55
60
Mary Jean Harrold 7CS 400180-81
81-82
82-83
83-84
84-85
85-86
86-87
87-88
88-89
89-90
90-91
91-92
92-93
93-94
94-95
95-96
96-97
97-98
98-99
99-00
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
% of BS Degrees Awarded in Science and Engineering to Women
CSBio/LifeEngMathPhyAll
Academic Year
% o
f D
eg
ree
s t
o W
om
en
Mary Jean Harrold 8CS 4001
B.A./B.S. % toYear Degrees Women80-81 15,121 32.581-82 20,267 34.882-83 24,510 36.383-84 32,172 37.184-85 38,878 36.885-86 41,889 35.786-87 39,589 34.787-88 34,523 32.488-89 30,454 30.889-90 27,257 29.990-91 25,083 29.391-92 24,557 28.792-93 24,241 28.193-94 24,200 28.494-95 24,404 28.195-96 24,098 27.596-97 24,768 27.297-98 26,852 26.798-99 29,345 27.199-00 36,195 28.0
B.A./B.S. Degrees awarded in CS, and Percentage awarded to women
(1980-81 to 1999-00)
Mary Jean Harrold 9CS 4001
Math/Stats increased by 8.9%
Bio/Life Sciences increased by 20.7%
Engineering increased by 38.3%
Physical Sciences increased by 44.6%
Computer Science decreased by 24.5%
Changes in the Percentage of Degrees Awarded to Women
(1983-84 to 1999-00)
The Incredible Shrinking Pipeline
Mary Jean Harrold 10CS 4001Equality B.A./B.S.
DegreesPh.D.
DegreesAsst Profs Assoc Profs Full Profs
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
The Shrinking Pipeline: 1999-00
pipeline level
% w
om
en
in
CS
Goal
Mary Jean Harrold 11CS 4001
Why does the Incredible Shrinking Pipeline exist in Computer Science and not other Science/Engineering fields?
Mary Jean Harrold 12CS 4001
Retention: Top 10 Reasons for Why Left Computer Science
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Cho
ice
Tea
chin
g
Adv
isin
g
Oth
er M
ajor
s
Inte
rest
Life
styl
e
HS
Pre
para
tion
Car
eer
Opt
ions
Ove
rwhe
lmin
g
Poo
r G
rade
s
Source: NSF 1996
%Women%Men
Mary Jean Harrold 14CS 4001
Reasons for the ISP
1. PC games in the 80's were mainly developed by and for males
2. Perception of CS became hacker/nerd/anti-social in the early 80's
3. Women in CS faced gender discrimination
4. Mentors began encouraging boys to major in CS more than girls
5. Too few women in computing in the 70's became professors
Mary Jean Harrold 15CS 4001
Is the Incredible Shrinking Pipeline a problem?
Mary Jean Harrold 16CS 4001
The IT Shortage
IT industry accounts for more than 1/3 of the U.S. economy
3 of the top 10 fastest growing jobs are in information technology
IT job growth far exceeds expected degree production through 2012 (145,000 new jobs compared with 75,000 degrees)
Mary Jean Harrold 17CS 4001
Largest Projected Increases in Jobs
for CSM Majors (2000-2010)
Computer ScienceElectricalMechanicalCivilEnvironmental
Mary Jean Harrold 18CS 4001
Does the Incredible Shrinking Pipeline exist outside the United States?
Mary Jean Harrold 19CS 4001
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1975 1985 1990
Source: Wright 1997, Women in Computing
Pe
rce
nta
ge
United StatesCanada
Japan
SpainTurkey
Italy
FinlandHungary
Korea
GermanyMalaysia
Percent of Women in CS by Country
Mary Jean Harrold 20CS 4001
What can be done to reverse the Incredible Shrinking Pipeline trend?
Mary Jean Harrold 21CS 4001
What is being done to reverse the Incredible Shrinking Pipeline trend?
