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The sense of “antisense” RNA Noncoding antisense RNA can be used to stimulate protein production October 15, 2012 While studying Parkinson’s disease, an international research group led by SISSA scientists in Trieste made a discovery which can improve industrial protein synthesis for therapeutic use. They managed to understand the use of RNA when it is not involved in the proteincoding process: the protein synthesis activity of coding genes can be enhanced, for example, by the activity of the noncoding one called “antisense”. To synthetize proteins, the DNA needs RNA molecules serving as short “transcriptions” of the genetic information. The set of all these RNA molecules is called “transcriptome”. In the human transcriptome, along with around 25 thousand sequences of coding RNA (i.e. the sequences involved in the synthesis process), the same number of noncoding RNA sequences can be found. Some of these RNAs are called “antisense” because they are specular to sequences of coding RNA

CS senso RNA en - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi ...€¦ · The$sense$of$“antisense”$RNA$!! $ Non1coding$antisenseRNA$canbeusedto$stimulate$proteinproduction$! October15,!2012!!

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Page 1: CS senso RNA en - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi ...€¦ · The$sense$of$“antisense”$RNA$!! $ Non1coding$antisenseRNA$canbeusedto$stimulate$proteinproduction$! October15,!2012!!

The  sense  of  “antisense”  RNA    

   

Non-­‐coding  antisense  RNA  can  be  used  to  stimulate  protein  production    October  15,  2012    While  studying  Parkinson’s  disease,  an  international  research  group  led  by  SISSA  scientists  in  Trieste  made  a  discovery  which  can  improve  industrial  protein  synthesis  for  therapeutic  use.  They  managed  to  understand  the  use  of  RNA  when  it  is  not  involved  in  the  protein-­‐coding  process:    the  protein  synthesis  activity  of  coding  genes  can  be  enhanced,  for  example,  by  the  activity  of  the  non-­‐coding  one  called  “antisense”.    

 To  synthetize  proteins,  the  DNA  needs  RNA  molecules  serving  as  short  “transcriptions”  of  the  genetic  information.  The  set  of  all  these  RNA  molecules  is  called  “transcriptome”.  In  the  human  transcriptome,  along  with  around  25  thousand  sequences  of  coding  RNA  (i.e.  the  sequences  involved  in  the  synthesis  process),  the  same  number  of  non-­‐coding  RNA  sequences  can  be  found.  Some  of  these  RNAs  are  called  “antisense”  because  they  are  specular  to  sequences  of  coding  RNA  

Page 2: CS senso RNA en - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi ...€¦ · The$sense$of$“antisense”$RNA$!! $ Non1coding$antisenseRNA$canbeusedto$stimulate$proteinproduction$! October15,!2012!!

called  “sense”  (the  pairing  of  a  sense  and  an  antisense  RNA  can  be  seen  as  a  zip).  A  study  published  in  the  journal  Nature,  coordinated  by  a  group  of  SISSA  researchers  in  Trieste,  has  shown  that  this  particular  type  of  antisense  RNA  has  a  strengthening  function  on  the  coding  activity  of  the  proteins  of  the  corresponding  genes.    Why  is  it  an  important  discovery?    Very  little  used  to  be  known  of  “long,  non-­‐codifying”  RNA  and  this  new  research  sheds  light  on  some  of  these  molecules.  “We  focused  on  one  gene,  Uchl1,  whose  mutations  are  linked  to  some  hereditary  types  of  Parkinson’s  disease,”  stated  Stefano  Gustincich,  Professor  at  SISSA  and  coordinator  of  this  research  project.  “We  have  seen  that  the  non-­‐coding  antisense  RNA  matched  to  this  gene  is  made  up  of  two  fragments,  the  real  antisense  fragment  matching  with  the  sense  RNA  that  codifies  the  protein  and  the  SineB2  sequence.  The  antisense  fragment  has  the  function  of  a  “lock”  into  which  the  key  of  the  coding  RNA  specific  for  that  gene  is  inserted,  while  the  other  one  has  a  stimulating  function  on  protein  synthesis.”    If  you  change  the  antisense  fragment  with  the  analogous  of  another  gene,  the  SineB2  sequence  maintains  its  stimulating  function  on  the  new  gene.    “This  is  important,”  explained  Gustincich  “because  it  means  that  the  action  of  sineB2  could  be  used  to  stimulate  protein  production  for  therapeutic  use  –  any  protein  –  in  industrial  synthesis  processes”.        More  in  detail...  

A  coding  RNA  is  a  molecule  that  copies  the  information  stored  in  small  DNA  fragments  (genes).  This  information  is  then  used  to  make  the  new  protein.  There  are  different  types  of  non-­‐coding  RNA,  e.g  microRNA  and  small  Interference  RNA,  known  for  having  an  inhibiting  effect  on  the  transcription  of  coding  RNA.    Referenze:  Carrieri  C.,  Cimatti  L.,  Biagioli  M.,  Beugnet  A.,  Zucchelli  S.,  Fedele  S.,  Pesce  E.,  Ferrer  I.,  Collavin  L.,  Santoro  C.,  Forrest  A.,  Carninci  P.,  Biffo  S.,  Stupka  E.  and  Gustincich  S.,  “Long  non-­‐coding  antisense  RNA  controls  UchL1  translation  through  an  embedded  SINEB2  repeat”,  Nature  AOP,  2012    

     

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