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CS101 Introduction to Computing Lecture 31 Developing Presentations. Focus of the 22th Lecture was on Spreadsheets. Second among the four lectures that we plan to have on productivity software We learnt about what we mean by spreadsheets - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CS101 Introduction to ComputingLecture 31Developing Presentations
Focus of the 22th Lecture was on SpreadsheetsSecond among the four lectures that we plan to have on productivity software
We learnt about what we mean by spreadsheets
We discussed the usage of various functions provided by common spreadsheets
SpreadsheetsElectronic replacement for ledgers
Used for automating engineering, scientific, but in majority of cases, business calculations
A spreadsheet - VisiCalc - was the first popular application on PCs.
What Can They Do? (1)Can perform calculations repeatedly, accurately, rapidly
Can handle a large number of parameters, variables
Make it easy to analyze what-if scenarios for determining changes in forecasts w.r.t. change in parameters
What Can They Do? (2)Are easy to interface with other productivity SW packages
Easy to store, recall, modify
Make it is easy to produce graphs:
The Structure of A SpreadsheetCollection of cells arranged in rows and columns
Each cell can contain one of the following:NumbersTextFormulas
These cells display either the number or text that was entered in them or the value that is found by executing the formula
Connecting Two CellsAnd this one, A2Lets call this cell A1=A1 + 4
Todays Lecture:Developing PresentationThird among the four lectures that we plan to have on productivity software
We will discuss several design guidelines for making effective multimedia presentations
We will become able to develop simple presentation with the help of presentation making software
Presentations (1)I used to use transparencies in conjunction with overhead projectors for making presentations
Some time back, I used to write on transparencies with felt-tip markers
Then I moved on to developing presentations on a PC, and printing the final version on transparencies with a laser printer
Presentations (2)Some of my contemporaries used color inkjet printers instead of the laser printer
Another option was to develop them on a computer and then transfer to 35mm slides using a camera, and display it using a slide projector
Problems With All Those ModesIt was difficult and often costly to make changes, especially last minute changes
No sound, no animation, no video
Electronic transmission, in some cases, was not easy
It was difficult keeping track of old ones and making sure of their proper storage
Solution: Multimedia Presentations (1)Great tool for effectively communicating ideas to an audience
All electronic
Easy to make last minute changes
The undo feature encourages experimentation
Solution: Multimedia Presentations (2)More attractive; commanded more interest
May include animations, sound, video
Easy to catalog, store, and recall
Great tool for making presenter-free interactive material (e.g. self-learning tutorials)
The Presentation ScenarioPresenterPresentation screenAudienceInfoInfo
The Goal of the PresenterMaximize the (sum of the 2 types of) info that needs to be transferred to the audience
Recommended ApproachPut together a presentation that is:
simpleclear consistent
design guidelinesfor simplicity, clarity, consistency
Layout Guidelines (1)Keep layouts simple
Vary the look of successive slides. Mix up graphics with bulleted lists with animations
Avoid cluttering the slides with too much text or graphics. Your audience should hear what you have to say and not be distracted by a busy layout
Layout Guidelines (2)Put a title on each slide. As soon as the audience see the slide, the title should make it clear as to the point of that slide
Slide BackgroundKeep the backgrounds simple. You want a background that shows off your info, not one that makes it illegible
Avoid bright background colors. Light colored text against a dark background works best
Keep colors, patterns, and text styles consistent (not necessarily the same) for all slides in a presentation
Color Usage Guidelines (1)Use color sparingly to to highlight a point, but don't get carried away
Choose them with care; at times, the wrong choice may convey an unintended message
Color Usage Guidelines (2)Select background colors that are easy on the eye for several minutes of viewing, e.g. dont go for a bright yellow or red or other warm colors for background
Instead, use cool colors like blues and greens as backgrounds
Writing TextLimit text to a few phrases on a screen. A good rule of thumb is 52 lines on a slide
Write short phrases - not sentences - in the form of bulleted points: if you display sentences on your slides, you have nothing to add!
Have every bullet on a slide begin with a verb, or alternatively, have each begin with a noun
Text Usage Guidelines (1)Normal text is easier to read than ALL CAPS
Avoid ornate typefaces
Use a clean & readable typeface, e.g. sans serif ones (Arial, Verdana, Helvetica)
Use at least a 24-point size, with the normal text size being 28-32
Text Usage Guidelines (2)Be consistent in type size throughout the presentation
Keep text simple and easy to read by not using many different text styles (bold, italics, underline) different typefaces, different font sizes, varying font colors within a sentence
A Word of Caution on GuidelinesThese guidelines are not Laws of Nature
For example, if I keep on repeating the same type face and font size and background throughout a long presentation, Ill put the audience to sleep
At times, I use a warm background color or a very large (or small!) font size on a slide or two just to wake the audience up, or to make an important point
Graphics & ImagesUse simple graphics or images in place of text
Example:
Components of an OS diagram (lecture 11)
It not only listed the components in the form of colored discs, but also gave info visually about their interactions (through overlaps) and relative importance (through the size of each disc)
a graphic is worth
a thousand words (or numbers)
Sheet1
All currency figures are in thousands of US Dollars
1st Year2nd Year3rd Year4th Year5th Year
Billing Schedule
Lahore20x42x0.542030x962,88040x1696,76050x31715,85060x49029,400
Dubai60x15x0.545070x352,45080x453,60090x504,500
Islamabad40x25x0.570050x603,00060x1006,000
Karachi50x45x0.51,12560x1006,000
Total4203,3309,91023,57545,900
Costs for the Development Workforce
Lahore15x42x0.850417x961,63220x1693,38024x3157,60828x49013,720
Dubai48x15x0.857657x351,99566x452,97078x503,900
Islamabad20x35x0.856024x601,44028x1002,800
Karachi24x45x0.886428x1002,800
Total5042,2085,93512,88223,220
Costs for the Sales and Support Workforce
Singapore120x2240110x3390110x4440110x5550125x5625
Wash., DC200x3600180x101,800180x203,600180x305,400190x407,600
Chicago210x2420200x3630200x4800200x51,000
Total8402,6104,6706,7509,225
Costs for the Corporate Office
Corporate40x312042x416844x626446x836848x10480
Total120168264368480
Profit(1,044)(1,656)(959)3,57512,975
P/S-249%-50%-10%15%28%
NPV Discount Rate17%
NPV @ that Discount Rate5,125
IRR68%
Sheet2
Sheet3
Sales Forecast
Animations & TransitionsUse simple slide transitions. Too many different transitions are distractive
Animation is especially suitable for displaying:
Steps of a process: Waterfall model
Flow of info in a system: How does IM works?
The Structure of A PresentationTitle slideOverview slideMain bodySlide 1Slide 2Slide 3Summary slideDivide long presentations into sections, and have separate title, overview, summary, body slides for each section
Presentation Development SWOne can use a word processor to develop presentations of reasonable quality
However, using a SW package especially designed for developing presentation can:
Speed-up the task
Make available features not available in standard word processors
Presentation development SW lets users (1)Choose from a variety of ready-made presentation designs
Create original designs as well as change colors, background, fonts in ready-made designs
Add, delete, move slides within a presentation
Insert graphics & images, or create their own
Presentation development SW lets users (2)Import from other applications or create new tables/plots
Create simple animations
Incorporate sound and videos
Add hyperlinks, custom navigational controls
Save work in HTML, PDF, graphics formats
The Best Feature: UndoAllows you to recover from your mistakes
Allows you to experiment without risk
Popular SWMicrosoft PowerPoint
CA Harvard Graphics
Lotus Freelance Graphics
Corel Presentation
Lets now demonstrate the use of the presentation making SWWe will create a new presentation Enter textAdd, delete, and move slides View slide show
Assignment # 11Develop a business plan in the form of a presentation
It should be similar to the one discussed during the lecture, but does not have to focus on the same industry
It should consist of 6 slides, with the first one being the title slide
Further information on this assignment will be provide to you on the CS101 Web site
Todays Lecture was the Third among the four lectures that we plan to have on productivity software
We discussed several design guidelines for making effective multimedia presentations
We became able to develop simple presentation with the help of presentation software
Would you persuade,speak of interest,not of reason. Benjamin Franklin
Focus of the Final Productivity SW Lecture: Database SWTo become familiar with the basic functions and features of desktop data management software
To become able to build a small application with the help of database software