Department of Computer Science

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

CSC344 – Wireless and

Mobile Computing

Wireless Networking:

Issues and Trends

Lets see where you stand

True or False?

Data link refers to the 2nd layer in the ISO/OSI reference model

Cat 5 unshielded twisted pair cable is better than Cat 3 cable

Finding path from one node to another in a large network is a transport layer function

It is impossible to send 3000 bits/second through a wire which has a bandwidth of 1000 Hz

Bit stuffing is used so that characters used for

framing do not occur in the data part of the frame

Ethernet uses a CSMA/CD access method

10Base2 runs at 2 Mbps

The packets sent in a connection-oriented network

are called datagrams

Spanning tree algorithm is used to find a loop free

path in a network

191.168.1.1 is a class B address

Hub and repeater both work at the same layer of

OSI reference model

“From computerization of telephone traffic

switching to telephonization of computer traffic

switching.”

Smartphones are the first truly ubiquitous

computing device in the sense that we carry

them with us almost everywhere we go.

Communication more critical than computing

Networking is growing exponentially

User Location:

1960: Computer room

1970: Terminal room

1980: Desktop

1990: Mobile

1880: Hertz discovered electromagnetic waves

1898: First commercial radio data service

1921: First Mobile Radio: Wireless dispatch system for Detroit Police

1946: First Mobile Telephone Service: In St. Louis by AT&T. Half-duplex ->

Push to talk.

1970: First Cellular Phone Service: AT&T Chicago

1971: First Wireless Data Network: Aloha at University of Hawaii

1990: First Commercial WLAN Product AT&T WaveLAN

1997: First WLAN Standard - IEEE 802.11 2Mbps

2000: Wireless subscribership in America exceeds 100 million, totaling

approximately 38% of the U.S. population.

2009: Wireless subscribers use more than 6.2 billion minutes per day and

send and receive more than 5 billion SMS messages per day.

2009: There are more than 285.6 million U.S. wireless subscriber

connections which is approximately 91% of the total U.S. population.

[Ref: http://www.wirelesshistoryfoundation.org/wireless-history-project/wireless-history-timeline]

[Source: ITU 2009]

Mobile cellular is most rapidly adopted technology in history

A quarter of world population was using Internet in 2009

[Ref: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm]

~6 billion [~80%] (total 8 billion) mobile subscribers by the end of 2012

34 million in 1993 to 4 billion in 2008 (ITU statistics)

Pakistan is at no 8 with 119,860,799 (68.60%) (May 2012)

[Ref: http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats]

By 2015, more U.S Internet users will access the Internet through

mobile devices than through PCs

[Ref: http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats]

[source: IDC]

By 2016, 200 million tables will be shipped world wide

The next three to five years will see radical changes come to the field of

mobile computing, making smartphones, netbooks and yet-to-be

introduced gadgets even more indispensable parts of our lives.

Top Ten Trends in Mobile Computing

1. Long Term Evolution (LTE)

2. WiMax

3. 3G

4. Smartphone applications

5. GPS

6. Security

7. Anti-virus

8. Push-button applications

9. Supplemental Broadband

10. Solid State Drives

[Ref: http://www.ciozone.com/index.php/Editorial-Research/Top-Ten-Trends-in-Mobile-Computing.html]

[Source: In-Stat, 9/07]

Conclusions:

1. Wireline is declining

2. Wireless is increasing

3. Wireless data is increasing more than wireless voice

IEEE Communications Society Digital Library: Top 10 Downloads

1. Information theory of wideband communications

2. Application-oriented network metrology: Metrics and active measurement tools

3. Channel estimation for wireless OFDM systems

4. Using game theory to analyze wireless ad hoc networks

5. Routing in intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks and delay tolerant networks: Overview and challenges

6. A survey and comparison of peer-to-peer overlay network schemes

7. Broadband wireless access with WiMax/802.16: Current performance benchmarks and future potential

8. A survey of topologies and performance measures for large-scale networks

9. Call admission control in wireless networks: A comprehensive survey

10. A survey of security issues in mobile ad hoc and sensor networks

Observation: 7 out of 10 top downloads are on wireless. [January 2009] [Ref: http://dl.comsoc.org/comsocdl]

1. Mobile Data Traffic Explosion

2. High-Speed Metropolitan Area Networks

3. Femtocells

4. Green Mobile Networking

5. Mobile Apps

6. Mobile Computing

7. Mobile Cloud Computing

8. Mobile-Based Augmented Reality

9. Near Field Communication (Mobile Commerce)

[Ref: Juniper Research 2011]

Apple has sold about 200 million devices 130

million of those are iPhones

Half of them are sold in the last year

3G Networks can't cope

Need 4G (LTE or WiMAX)

In May 2011, Apple's market share in the U.S.

smartphone market was 26.6%.

3G provides 192kbps to 512kbps per user (3.6

Mbps Max)

WiMAX is here (3 to 6 Mbps)

Clearwire selling WiMAX in 24 Markets (Nov 09)

DSL rates on Wireless

Long-term Evolution (LTE) is coming

Verizon to launch LTE in 30 markets in 2010

AT&T in 2011

802.16e standardized by IEEE

LTE Advanced in works

A little cellular tower inside a home

Allows cell phones to work better inside homes (and offices)

Uses the same frequencies as outside towers and cell phones handoff from outside to inside and vice versa

May use DSL connection for high-speed data transfer

[source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtocell]

Better Batteries - Fast recharge, longer life

Energy savings modes

Recyclable handsets (made from recycled

materials)

Reduced Power consumption at Base Stations

Renewable Energy for base stations

14 billion apps have been downloaded via App

Store

~8 billion last year

There are almost 1.2 billion mobile Web users

in the world

Mobile presence critical everywhere these days

- Apps for Facebook, New York Times, BBC

Most iPhone users read email, news, Internet tasks

on iPhone.

In 2008, netbooks outsold desktop computers

New netbooks similar to tablets with 3G

connectivity

iPad 3 is here, iPad mini on its way

Solid-state storage drives (SSDs)

Hybrid drives: Hard drives with SSD cache (cost

effective and fast)

Next generation of phones/computers will have

better keyboarding experience (Microsoft Surface)

Thin clients on mobile

Processing/storage in remote servers.

All computing on browser

Google Chrome OS

Android: Mobile operating system

Open source code

Java based applications

Combine Real + Virtual in real time

Real = Location, Photo

Virtual = What’s inside, near by

iPhone Apps:

Sky gazer

Photo applications

WiFi Finders

Phones with Near Field Communications

Technology (NFC) for payments

Active RFID

Nokia 6131 Phone with NFC

Juniper Research, "Top Ten Wireless Predictions 2011"

http://juniperresearch.com/Top_Top_Wireless_Predictions_2011.php

ITU, “The World in 2011: ICT Facts and Figures”

http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/facts/2011/material/ICTFactsFigures2011.pdf

Maravedis, "WiMAX and Broadband Wireless (Sub-11Ghz) Worldwide

Market Trends 2008-2014"

http://www.maravedisbwa.com/Brochure_2005_April_MarketReportWiMAX.pdf",

February 2008

Richard Traherne, "Wireless Trends in Healthcare"

http://www.cambridgeconsultants.com/downloads/library/WBU-P-023v2.0.pdf

Thanks