CSE 101 Spring 2000

Hardware

(Bits & Bytes)

Understanding the Machine

Data versus Information Data are raw facts Information is the result of

transforming/examining raw facts One important function of computers is to

transform data into information

The “Basic” Computer

There are 4 basic parts of every computer Input (input device = keyboard, mouse,

microphone, etc.) Processor (CPU = PentiumII, etc.) Memory or Storage (64 MB RAM; 6 GB HD,

etc) Output (output device = screen, printers,

speakers, etc.)

Harware vs. Software

Hardware refers to the physical components of the computer

Software refers to programs run on the computer

Measuring Your Data

Bit: The smallest measurement in acomputer. A bit is either a 1 or a 0.

Byte: A group of 8 bits representing acharacter or number

Measuring Your Data

Binary Numbers

64 32 16 8 4 2 1

000 = 0 100 = 4

001 = 1 101 = 5

010 = 2 110 = 6

011 = 3 111 = 7 etc.

Measuring Your Data

Binary Letters

64 32 16 8 4 2 1

01000001 = A

01000010 = B

01000011 = C

etc...

Measuring Your Data

Kilobyte (KB): 1,000 bytes Megabyte (MB): 1 million bytes Gigabyte (GB): 1 billion bytes Terabyte (TB): 1 Trillion bytes

Types of Computers

Digital Computers Analog Computers Hybrid Computers Special Purpose Computers

firmware embeded

Types of Computers

Personal Computers (PC) Often times called microcomputers

Minicomputers Mainframes Supercomputer Parallel Computing

Types of Computers

Desktop Laptop Notebook Subnotebook Handheld PC or Palmtop

Often Called a PDA

Input Devices

Keyboard Mouse, Trackball, Graphics Tablet, Light

Pen Scanner Digital Cameras Microphone

Output Devices

Printers InkJet LaserJet Thermal

Plotters Pen InkJet LaserJet

Output Devices

Monitors CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

Speakers

Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent)

Floppy Disk 720 KB - Double Sided Double Density 3.5” 1.44MB - High Density 3.5”

Zip Disks (IOMEGA) 100 MB 250 MB

Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent)

Hard Drives Vary from very small to 38GB The smallest you can buy on the market today

is about 4GB Manufactures include:

Western Digital, Seagate, Quantum, and many others

IDE vs. SCSI

Non-Volatile Memory (Permanent)

Optical Disks: Hold 650MB CD- ROM CDR CDRW

RAM

Random Access Memory 32 Pin 72 Pin DIMM SDRAM Flash Memory

ROM

Read Only Memory PROM EPROM ROM BIOS Flash BIOS Video RAM (VRAM)

Processors

Intel AMD CYRIX

Motherboards

Slots 8 and 16 bit slots (ISA) 32 Bit Slots (PCI) 64 Bit Slots (AGP)

Ports Serial Parallel PS/2 USB

Video Cards

Manufactures Include: Diamond, Trident, Cirrus Logic, Tseng Labs…

The list goes on and on. The importance of video memory depends

on the application Video Capture Cards (TV Cards)

Sound Cards

Creative Labs is the main manufacturer, but there are many others

Sound cards have a wide price range and capability range

Modems

Manufacturers Include: US Robotics, Zoom, Hayes and moany others

There are lots of different types of modems.

We’ll get into them when we cover the Internet.

Other Devices

Scanners Digital Cameras MIDI

(Musical Instrument Digital Interface) NICs (Network Interface Cards)