CSH Project

7/23/2019 CSH Project

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CSH project

According to many renewable energy experts, a small "hybrid" electric system that

combines windand solar (photovoltaic)technologies offers several advantages over eithersingle system

!n mch of the places, wind speeds are low in the smmer when the sn shinesbrightest and longest #he wind is strong in the winter when less snlight is available$ecase the pea% operating times for wind and solar systems occr at different times of theday and year, hybrid systems are more li%ely to prodce power when yo need it

System Components description

1.Wind turbine

General Aspects

Small wind trbines are wind trbines which have lower energy otpt than large

commercial wind trbines, sch as those fond in wind farms #hese trbines may be as small

as a fifty watt generator for boat, caravan, or miniatre refrigeration nit Small nits often

have direct drive generators,direct crrentotpt, aeroelastic blades, lifetime bearings and

se a vane to point into the wind &arger, more costly trbines generally have geared power

trains, alternating crrent otpt, flaps and are actively pointed into the wind 'irect drive

generators and aeroelastic blades for large wind trbines are being researchedSmaller scale trbines for residential scale se are available, they are sally

approximately *+ m in diameter and prodce electricity at a rate of -.. to .,... watts

at their tested wind speed Some nits have been designed to be very lightweight in their

constrction, eg %ilograms, allowing sensitivity to minor wind movements and a rapid

response to wind gsts typically fond in rban settings and easy monting mch li%e a

television antenna !t is claimed, and a few are certified, as being inadible even a few feet

(abot a metre) nder the trbine

#he majority of small wind trbines are traditional hori/ontal axis wind

trbines, bt 0ertical axis wind trbinesare a growing type of wind trbine in the small1wind

mar%et #hese trbines, by being able to ta%e wind from mltiple dimensions, are more

applicable for se at low heights, on rooftops, and in generally rbani/ed areas #heir ability

to fnction well at low heights is particlarly important when considering the cost of a high

tower necessary for traditional trbines

'ynamic bra%ingreglates the speed by dmping excess energy, so that the trbine

contines to prodce electricity even in high winds #he dynamic bra%ing resistor may be

installed inside the bilding to provide heat (dring high winds when more heat is lost by the

bilding, while more heat is also prodced by the bra%ing resistor) #he location ma%es low

voltage (arond volt) distribtion practical
http://www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/electricity/index.cfm/mytopic=10880http://www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/electricity/index.cfm/mytopic=10710http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine#Horizontal_axishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine#Horizontal_axishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_axis_wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_brakinghttp://www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/electricity/index.cfm/mytopic=10710http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_farmshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine#Horizontal_axishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine#Horizontal_axishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_axis_wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_brakinghttp://www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/electricity/index.cfm/mytopic=10880


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Wind turbine implementation

#he following wind trbine is sed2 (alta po/a)

3igre 2 45S 6 #lipo 6 %4 AC 4ind #rbine

#echnical specification2

1. PV

General Aspects

7hotovoltaic energy is the energy prodced by photovoltaic cells that convert solar

energy directly into electricity, based on the photoelectric effect #hese cells are made of

semicondctor materials similar to those sed in electronic circits in semicondctor chips

and electronic devices composition

#oday, solar energy is considered as an alternative to conventional fels, sed forpower generation However, becase this energy depends on many factors sch as

weather, season, day1night alternation or positioning on the globe, the se of this resorce is

more restricted !n order to optimi/e and obtain a good efficiency as special

methods have been developed, sch as 877# (8aximm 7ower 7oint #rac%ing), which aims

to extract maximm power at any point of time .

4hether we spea% of power watts or order of tens of %ilowatts, solar panels are always

accompanied by a voltage and fre9ency converter (inverter power) which allows its

connection to the grid (or another application) and transfer control power At the same time,

these power converters inclde some algorithms to improve the overall efficiency of the

entire e9ipment However, any constrctive soltion wold choose, high efficiency can not


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exceed a few percent $ecase of this, and the relatively high price per %4 installed, the

spreading of this type of energy is made in a redced rhythm

5ven so, solar panels are starting to be sed increasingly often in residentialapplications, to provide part of the electricity consmed in homes

Solar 70 generation involves the generation of electricity from free and inexhastible

solar energy

#he major advantages of a 70 system are2 Sstainable natre of solar energy as fel:

8inimm environmental impact:

'rastic redction in cstomer;s electricity bills de to free availability of snlight:

&ong fnctional lifetime of over -. years with minimm maintenance:

Silent operation * no sond polltion (no moving parts)

#he major disadvantages of 70 system are2 !nitial cost:

Solar cells prodce 'C which mst be converted to AC when sed in crentlyexisting distribtion grids:

#he 70 energy conversion efficiency is p to acts as a diode2 electrons can move from > to 7, bt not the other way

arond:

7hotons with sfficient energy hitting the cell case electrons to move from the 7

layer into the > layer:

An excess of electrons bilds p in the > layer while the 7 layer bilds p a

deficit:

#he difference in the amont of electrons is the voltage difference, which can be

sed as a power sorce

70 8odle Characteristics2


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-$attery

General Aspects

#he following battery is sed2

#rojan &7(po/a)

Characteristics2

?'iesel @enerator

General Aspects

#he following diesel generator is sed2

(po/a)

Characteristics2


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6Convertor

General Aspects

#he following convertor is sed2

(po/a)

Characteristics2

6. Consumers (Loads)

#here are considered two types of loads2

AC consmers (big consmers) represented by the majority of the smming a %4

of total power consmed

'C consmers represented by the ilminate, frigider, cptor c miconde %4


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3or a complex analysis Homer software is sed

3ig 'esigned Hybrid System in Homer software

3igre 2 Solar resorce for 70


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3igre2 tpt active power of the 70 power

3igre2 Site specific wind resorce


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'ate lnare vant2

!anarie

3ebrarie

8artie

Aprilie


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8ai

!nie

!lie

Agst


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Septembrie

ctombrie

>oiembrie

'ecembrie


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3igre 2 4ind trbine otpt active power

3igre -2 4# inverter and rectifier otpt active power


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3igre 2 'iesel generator otpt active power

3igre $attery Characteristics


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3igre2 8onthly average active power prodction

3igre2 Cash 3low by components


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3igre2 Cash 3low by cost type

The best price of the system simulated in Homer is:

1. PV + battery+WT+Diesel Generator

We use :

3 PV modules !ere chosen" # strin$s connected in parallel !ith % PV

modules connected in series on each strin$" so that !e ha&e a %# V D'

(us)

# battery Tro*an 1,P !ith this speci-cation:


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(ecause one Tro*an T1/ Plus battery has , V nominal &olta$e" # batteries

connected in series must be used in one or more strin$s connected in parallel so

that the total nominal &olta$e of the batteries to be the same as the D' (us

&olta$e.

0 Tulipo !ind turbine:

Diesel Generatorfoaia de catalo$2


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a4imum po!er of one module calculated in the month !ith the lo!est daily

solar radiation :

((.,6()B(-..?6.(?6(?6Cmaxmaxmax

=== tempcoef dtPPP W2

!here:

maxP 5 ma4imum po!er at a cell temperature of / 6')

coeft 5 temperature coe7cient)

tempd 5 di8erence bet!een / 6' and 6' temperature in december2

Total po!er obtained from solar panels:

+.?.((.D-( ==P 9W

Total price for the solar panels:

)(E..?..D-(F ==pricePV ;2


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'ec + -B- 6. ?6

Yearl a!era"e #.1# $%.# &.1' 1'%

otal or ear 11&* 1%**

Ed2 Average daily electricity prodction from the given system (%4h)Em2 Average monthly electricity prodction from the given system (%4h)Hd2 Average daily sm of global irradiation per s9are meter received by the modles of thegiven system (%4h=m)Hm2 Average sm of global irradiation per s9are meter received by the modles of the givensystem (%4h=m)

Desi$n ener$y content of one battery:

,.6)


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#otal price of the

systemI70priceJ$atterypriceJ'@priceJ4#priceIE..J?E.J?.?-J-....I?B--

#his is the price withot the replacement cost

3inaly, the price of the entire system is2 .

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CSH Project