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CSIS-390 History. Dr. Eric Breimer. Syllabus. Google “Eric Breimer” Click on first link Click on CSIS-390 Click on Syllabus. History. Before designing and developing web pages and web applications it is important to know how it all came about…. Internet World Wide Web (WWW). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CSIS-390History
Dr. Eric Breimer
Syllabus1. Google “Eric Breimer”
2. Click on first link
3. Click on CSIS-390
4. Click on Syllabus
History Before designing and developing web
pages and web applications it is important to know how it all came about…
Internet
World Wide Web (WWW)
Are these things the same?
Internet World Wide Web
ARPAnet ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects
Agency
1968, Cold War, Military Applications
ARPAnet Originally, Custom/Tailor-made network
pplications for sharing data and messages 1968-1973
1971 Email concept developed Person can have an identifier
ebreimer@network_name
Virtual mailbox
By 1973 Email was 75% of the ARPAnet traffic
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) was developed in 1973 General/Generic service concept
ARPAnet Internet Transition Period 1971-1983 Packet Switching developed and perfected
Instead of point-to-point persistent connections
Robust, fault-tolerant, efficient, survivable
Network of Networks realized on a large scale The ability to connect
different types of networks TCP/IP
Early Internet 1983-1989
No web browsers, no web pages at all…
Only… Email
FTP (document and image sharing)
Early message board system (BB systems)
Custom data transfer applications
Banking
Early business to business E-commerce
In 1989 came the WWW The concepts existed, but one man
implemented the concepts and made them real…
WWW concepts Hypertext concept – Documents can have
links to other documents, just click the text
URL concept – Documents, computers, virtual mailboxes, networks can all have uniform identifier to help locate them
Tim Berners-Lee (TBL)
Really he invented the WWW in the sense that he put together a bunch of “good ideas” and implemented… The first web browser
The first web server
In the process he proposed and developed HTML
URLs
Understanding the WWW
To find documents or data on the Internet you had to Know numeric IP addresses to locate FTP servers
Login anonymously or with a user account
Know the folder hierarchy and file name of the document/data.
People would share this information via Email. The idea of just browsing the Internet was silly, you
just couldn’t do it.
If you didn’t have connections, you had no idea what was out there…
Understanding the WWW
HTTP instead of FTP Web Browser instead of FTP client
Web Server instead of FTP server
URLs instead of numeric IP addresses
Clicking Hyperlink instead of navigating through folder hierarchies
Universal/Standard document formatting HTML instead of proprietary documents Word, doc, docx, pdf, etc.
Are these things the same?
Internet
Nuts and bolts
Hardware
TCP/IP
Packet Switching
Network of Networks concept
World Wide Web
Content layer of Internet
Software
HTTP
URLs
Hyperlinks
Internet vs. WWW Terms used interchangably by general public
and media
You should know that The WWW is a framework built “on top of” the
Internet. The framework includes protocols for sharing data, standards for formatting data, and conventions for locating data. (The boat)
The Internet is really the “transport layer” of the WWW. (The river)
WWW Matures 1989-1995
1989 TBL invents first web browser and server
1991 Al Gore passes Gore Bill, which helps pave the way $$$ for future development
1993 Mosaic (first good graphical web browser) is born
1993 The National Science Foundation (NSF) creates the InterNIC, which centralizes the control of URL and domain names
1995 NSFnet (formally ARPAnet) becomes research only network Internet traffic starts to get routed through a commercial
backbone (operated by AT&T, Sprint, and others)
Commercialization Period 1995-2000
1995 – Netscape become a household name Sells web server software…gives away browser for free
Reach almost 90% market share by 1996
1995 – 1996 Microsoft scrambles to come out with competing software (Internet Explore, IIS Web Server)
1996-1999 – Browser Wars between Microsoft and Netscape HTML is pushed to the limit
Browser plug-ins developed, Flash, RealMedia, etc.
1997-2000 – E-commerce Commercial Explosion Amazon, E-bay, Online Stock Trading, MP3 trafficking, etc.
Browser Wars 1996-1999
Microsoft (Internet Explorer) and Netscape compete to be the #1 browser. In ’96 Netscape dominated
By ‘99 Internet Explorer was #1
Microsoft Integrated IE into the Windows OS and it was often forced upon people as the default browser Microsoft paid billions in lawsuit (EU mostly) but still won the war
Netscape makes its source code open, so developers can build upon it. Leads to the Mozilla Foundation, which eventually develops
Firefox.
In 2000, AOL buys out Netscape, which is was failing financially This marks the end of the war and beginning of Microsoft’s
dominance in the WWW.
Browser Wars - Significance
Early competition pushed web browsers to the limit.
Browsers use to be simple client applications that could render HTML code.
Now browsers are heavy-weight applications (JavaScript, ActiveX, Flash plug-ins, etc.)
Microsoft’s recent dominance was terrible. Proprietary, No regard for recognized
standards