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CSNDSP 2006 Iran Telecommunication Research Center 1
Flat Fading Modeling in Fixed MicrowaveRadio Links Based on ITU-R P.530-11
Iran Telecommunication Research Center (ITRC)
Mehrbod Mohajer, Ramin Khosravi, Mehrnoosh Khabiri
2Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Outlines
Introduction Outage Calculation Fading Prediction in ITU-R P.530-11 Simulations Conclusion
3Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Propagation Scenarios in LOS Point-to-Point Links
0452-01
Tropospheric scatter
Diffraction
Line-of-sight
0452-02
Hydrometeor scatter
Elevated layer reflection/refraction
Ducting
Line-of-sight with multipath enhancements
Link Design
4Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
What is the Problem? In multi path situation,
several rays with different delays and amplitudes are constructively or destructively added to the ray of direct or line-of-sight (LOS) path which introduce signal fluctuations.
If the signal falls below a certain point the link can be considered to be non functioning.
Outage
5Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
What can we do about it? We cannot possibly know all the details of the environment
through which the signal propagates.
We need to take a statistical view of the behaviour of the received field strength.
It is necessary to model the fading effects in such a way that a reasonable fade margin is obtained to achieve acceptable outage time.
Regarding to PTP links are used ashigh-availability links in the backboneof networks, the model should have thedetailed shape of low probability section of distribution.
6Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Which Model? Traditionally, the well-known lognormal
distribution is widely used in the fixed wireless system design procedure.
In order to evaluate the performance of high-availability links, a distribution fading model is required which can precisely present the deep fade depths probability distribution.
Conventional distributions can not provide the detailed shape of deep fade depths probability.
The ITU-R P.530-11 model derived from empirical measurements can perform this task excellently.
7Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
All Important Propagation Standards
ITU-R P.530-11 (2005)
TIA-845: Radiowave
Propagation
ETSI: BRAN HIPERACCESS
IEEE 211-1997
IEC 60050-705
Why ITU-R P.530-11?
8Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Propagation Effects in ITU-R P.530
Fading
Multi-Hop Links
Rain Attenuation
XPD
Diffraction
Distortion
Variation in Angle of
Arrival/Launch
9Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Outlines
Introduction Outage Calculation Fading Prediction in ITU-R P.530-11 Simulations Conclusion
10Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Fade Margin Concept
Transmitter 1
Receiver 1
Splitter Splitter
Transmitter 2
Receiver 2
OutputPower (Tx)
Branching Losses
waveguide
Pro
paga
tion
Los
ses
Ant
enna
G
ain
Ant
enna
G
ain
Branching Losses
Receiver threshold Value
Fade Margin
11Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Outage Time
t
RSL
Noise power threshold
Fade Margin
The real RSL value which
varies in time due to fading
processes.
The RSL value for a path subject
to Free-space and atmospheric
attenuation only.
12Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Improving Outage Time
t
RSL
Free-space and atmospheric
losses.
Noise power threshold
Fade Margin
By increasing the fade margin, we can improve the outage time.
13Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Outlines
Introduction Outage Calculation Fading Prediction in ITU-R P.530-11 Simulations Conclusion
14Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Fading Prediction in ITU-R P.530-11
Flat Fading Prediction For Small Percentage of Time
(Deep Fade Depths) For All Percentage of Time
(Shallow and Deep Fade Depths)
Selective Frequency Fading Prediction
15Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Flat Fading (Deep Fade Depth)
kmdkm 1855.7 GHzfMHz 37450 mradp 37
%101 1000085.0032.097.02.3
Ahf
pwL
Kdp
42.0003.09.3 110 adN sK
%101 10001.0033.02.10.3
Ahf
pwL
Kdp
10029.02.410 dNK dhh erp
mhm L 230017 kmNunitdNKmNunit /150/860 1 8506 as
Detailed Link Design Applications Quick Planning Applications
These relations were derived from multiple regressions on fading data for 251 links in various geo-climatic regions of the world with
16Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Flat Fading (Shallow and Deep Fade Depths)
%10
1)0(
00085.0032.0
97.02.30
Lhf
pw KdApp
%10
1)0(
001.0033.0
2.10.30
Lhf
pw KdApp
dBpAt 0log2.125
%10 10/0
Aw pp %10 10/
0tA
t pp
%10exp1100 20/Aqw
ap
Detailed Link Design Applications Quick Planning Applications
)),,(),,(( AAqqApqfq tatttaa
AAt AAt Deep Fade Depths Shallow Fade Depths
17Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Outlines
Introduction Outage Calculation Fading Prediction in ITU-R P.530-11 Simulations Conclusion
18Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Simulations
Fade probability for ITU-R P.530-11
and Lognormal models
19Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
PDF of the ITU-R P.530-11 model
Deep fade depths probability Shallow fade depths probability
20Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Simulations
BER of QPSK modulation with various channel
models
21Iran Telecommunication Research CenterICEE 2006
Conclusion The outage calculation and fade margin concept are
reviewed. The prediction methods of multi-path fading are
introduced based on ITU-R P.530-11 standard. The ITU-R P.530-11 model is more accurate in
comparison to the conventional models like Lognormal model.
It is shown that using the theoretical lognormal model instead of empirical ITU-R model will cause to overestimation or underestimation in link design calculations.Therefore, p
lease use ITU-R
P.530
model in your li
nk design