CSS ( also IAS/CSM/PMS) Philosophy Notes

7/27/2019 CSS ( also IAS/CSM/PMS) Philosophy Notes

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ByNkle Plqls



Vmkijsjpmy

Ijvg cjr Pksdjn



Vlst \ugstkjesVmkijsjpmy & Kts Elturg/vliug

• Dgckeg Vmkijsjpmy led hustkckgs ktsvliug ke njdgre tkngs. VN_-266;

• Pmlt bgegckts lrg tj bg lomkgvgd crjn tmg study jc Vmkijsjpmy:Dksouss .O__ 2666



Vmkijsjpmy

• @rgga Vmkijsjpmgr Vytml`jrls ojkegd tmg tgrn’Vmkijsjpmy„.





Dgckektkjes jc Vmkijsjpmy (crjn Dkccgrget Leìgs)

• Kt ks l sgt jc ueorktkoliiy mgid lttktudgs (jr

bgikgcs) lbjut ikcg led uekvgrsg. (Mlvke`Vmkijsjpmy)

• Kt ks l prjogss jc rgcigotkje led orktkoksn je jur

dggpiy mgid lttktudgs (jr bgikgcs). (Djke` Vmkij)

• Kt ks l prjogss jc ijjake` lt wjrid ls l wmjig.

• Kt ks l prjogss jc leliyzke` ileùl`g ij`koliiyled oilrkcyke` ngleke` (jc wjrds led kdgls).

• Kt ks l `rjup jc pgrgeekli prjbigns (jr

qugstkjes) tj bg sjivgd by pmkijsjpmgrs.



Omlrlotgrkstkos jc Vmkijsjpmkoli

Lttktudgs

•_gesg jc Pjedgr•Djubt

•Orktkoksn

•Rgcigotkjes

•Tjigrleog



Sliug jc Vmkijsjpmy

• Vmkijsjpmy ks vliulbig b/o kt Knprjvgs8

• Bjtm pgrsjeli/sjokli lspgots jc jur Ikcg• Leliytkoli _akiis (tj dgsorkbg lbstrlot prjbigns

bgttgr, tj lrùg gccgotkvgiy, tj usg leliysks led

strje` lrùngets)

• Skskje & Kesk`mt 8 (Vmkijsjpmy ks mgipcui ke

knl`keltkje, prjbign sjivke`, ijjake` lt wjrid

crjn dkccgrget leìgs, dgokskje nlake`, smlpke`

jur dgstkey).

•

’Wegxlnkegd ikcg ks ejt wjrtm ikvke`„ . (_jorltgs)



Trlescgrlbig sakiis led pgrsjeli omlrlotgrkstkos

olusgd by pmkijsjpmy lrg8

<. Rglsjeke` sakiis8 ij`ko1 leliysks led syetmgsks1mledike` jc ojeogpts1 orktkoli lbkikty1 kdgetkcyke` ledqugstkjeke` lssunptkjes1 lrùke` l olsg1 prjbignsjivke` led dgokskje nlake`

2. Mledike` synbjiksn8 cjrnli systgns1 stltkstkolilrùngets1 ojnputgr iktgrloy

?. Ojnnuekoltkje sakiis8 oilrkty, rgigvleog, ledsuookeotegss ke wrkttge led jrli prgsgetltkjes

4. Ojnprgmgeskje8 nlstgry jc dkcckouit led ojnpigxtgxts1 ikstgeke` tj wmlt jtmgrs sly, led lpprgokltke`dkccgrget pjkets jc vkgw1 ojpke` wktm l mk`m igvgi jc

ueogrtlkety

m d b d m c b d d i



7. Dgptm led brgldtm jc vkgw8 sggke` bgyjed trldktkjelidksokpikelry bjuedlrkgs1 kdgetkcyke` ckrst prkeokpigs ledprlotkoli lppikoltkjes1 trloke` ojeegotkjes1 jbhgotkvkty

3. Rgcigxkvkty8 mledike` jc sgojed-jrdgr qugstkjes1lwlrgegss jc jeg's jwe tmkeake` led usg jc ileùl`g1lbkikty tj lssgss jeg's jwe strge`tms led wglaegssgs,led tmjsg jc jtmgrs

0. Jrk`kelikty8 kedgpgedgeog jc tmju`mt1 cigxkbkikty jc

lpprjlom1 ldlptlbkikty tj l omle`ke` gevkrjenget1kevgetkvgegss ke prjduoke` gxlnpigs led ojuetgr-gxlnpigs

=. Ojjpgrltkvgegss8 lbkikty tj wjra ke tglns ke dkccgrget

olploktkgs1 ojestruotkvg ojetrkbutkje tj `rjupdksousskje led hjket prjduots

;. Rgspjeskbkikty8 lbkikty tj lot lutjejnjusiy led tjiglre kedgpgedgetiy1 lwlrgegss jc gtmkoli

knpikoltkjes.



_keog wgstgre pmkijsjpmy ks blsgd

je @rgga Vmkijsjpmy, mgeog le

jvgrvkgw jc @rgga Vmkijsjpmy

ks knpjrtlet.

Vrg-_jorltko (Elturlikst/Nltgrklikst)Vmkijsjpmgrs



Pmlt ks Witknltg Olusg jr Witknltg_ubstleog jc wmkom tmks uekvgrsg

(gvgrytmke`) ks blsgd je:

Tmlt‛s jeg tmg njst blsko qugstkjes

leswgrgd by @rgga Vmkijsjpmgrs





<. Kjekle (Nkigskle) Vmkijsjpmgrs

• Pmlt ks elturg jc Ojsnko nlttgr/ wjrid-stucc:

• Tmgy l`rgg, kt ks Jeg, but dksl`rgg tj kts typg.

<. Tmligs/Cltmgr jc _okgeog/Cjuedgr jc Vmkijsjpmy

• Witknltg substleog/nlttgr ks Jeiy Pltgr.

2. Lelxknledgr/ Jrk`keltjr jc pmkijsjpmkoli ojeogpt jc @jd

• Witknltg substleog ks ’keckekty„ Jr ’Lpgkrje„ wmkom

ks bjuedigss, keckektg ojrpjrgli nlss (ikag dkvkeg).

?. Lelxkngegs

•

Witknltg substleog ks Lkr.



Tmligs8 Witknltg stucc crjn wmkom jur

uekvgrsg ks jrk`keltgd ks PLTGR.



Lelxknledgr8 Witknltg olusg jr stucc jc jur uekvgrsg ks

LVGKRJE( Weaejwe, iknktigss & bjuedigss, prknjrdkli nlss).



Lelxkngegs8 Lkr ks tmg sjurog jc tmks

Wekvgrsg.

2 V m



2. Vytml`jrgles4. Vytml`jrls

• Ojkegd tmg tgrn ’Vmkijsjpmy.„

• Witknltg rglikty ks Nltmgnltkoli (Eunbgr).

• Nltmgnltkos ks tmg ijrd jc uekvgrsg.

•Tmgrg lrg Twj Akeds jc wjrid (Duliksn)

<. Nltmgnltkoli wjrid wmkom ks Vgrcgot, Keckektg, Jrk`keli.

2. Vmyskoli wjrid 8 knpgrcgot, iknktgd, Ojpkgs, smldjws

• Tmg rgli gssgeog jc jur nltgrkli jbhgots ks nltmgnltkolicjrns (eunbgrs, cjrnuils, cjrnuils, oliouiltkjes,

ojeogptkjes).

•

Gvgrytmke` ks ke loojrdleog wktm l Eunbgr.



Vytml`jrgles8 Witknltg rglikty ks NLTMGNLTKOLI.

(Eunbgrs)



?. Tmg Gigltko _omjji

7. ]gejpmlegs8 Mg orktkokzgs letmrjpjnjrpmkopjiytmgksn, & brke`s Njejtmgksn/Vletmgksn

• _uprgng Bgke`/@jd/Pjrid-stucc ks jeg. Jr Pjrid ks

@jd, @jd ks Pjrid.3. Vlrngekdgs (Cltmgr jc Nltgrkliksn)8Bgke`/@jd/Witknltg

wjrid-stucc ks Tmg Jeg. (Witknltg rglikty ks skeìg getkty )

•

(Kc l bgke` ks tmkealbig, kt nust gxkst. Kc l bgke` ksuetmkealbig, kt ole‛t gxkst—eje-bgke`). @jd ks

tmkealbig, sj Mg gxksts—Bgke`).

• Sjkd/gnpty splog ole‛t gxkst (eje-bgke`). sknkilriy

njtkje & piurlikty ole‛t gxkst. Ej Omle`g ke tmg wjrid.



]gejpmlegs8

• ]gejpmlegs rghgots letmrjpjnjrpmko (mlvke` nle-

ikag quliktkgs) `jds.



Vlrngekdgs8 Witknltg rglikty ks Jeg

Bgke`. (ueomle`ke` & kedgstruotkbig)

• Ls Jeiy jeg bgke` ks gvgrywmgrg, sj tmgrg ks

ej vjkd, ls tmgrg ks ej vjkd, sj tmgrg ks ejnjvgnget tj ckii kt. Gvgry tmke` ks ojestlet led

ueomle`glbig.

• Xgej‛s Vlrldjxgs tj prjvg mks tglomgr Vlrngekdgs _uppjsg [JW wlet tj oltom l



• Xgej‛s Vlrldjxgs tj prjvg mks tglomgr Vlrngekdgs. _uppjsg [JW wlet tj oltom l

stltkjelry bus. Bgcjrg yju ole `gt tmgrg, yju nust ojvgr mlicwly tmgrg. Bgcjrg yju

ole ojvgr mlicwly tmgrg, yju nust `gt l qulrtgr jc tmg wly tmgrg. Bgcjrg trlvgike`

l qulrtgr, yju nust trlvgi jeg-gk`mtm1 bgcjrg le gk`mtm, jeg-skxtggetm1. led sj je.

_j yju ole egvgr oltom tmg buss.



Gigltko _omjji

0. Mgrloiktus, tmg Jbsourg (wggpke` pmkijsjpmgr) • Weikag Vlrngekdgs (wmj slys tmgrg ks ej omle`g, ej njtkje ke

tmg wjrid), Mgrloiktus slys gvgrytmke` ks ke omle`g/njtkje/

bgojnke`. ’[ju ole‛t stgp twkog ketj tmg slngrkvgr.„

• Ckrg ks tmg Witknltg substleog jc tmks uekvgrsg.

• Gvgrytmke` ks uedgr Ilw/Rglsje/Ij`js.

• _j rglsje/elturli ilw lrrle`gs nglekeìgss

(dksjrdgrgd) tmke`s ke jrdgriy nleegr.



Mgrloiktus8 Ckrg ks uitknltg _ubstleog.

Gvgrytmke` ks ke Omle`g.

[ju ole‛t stgp twkog ketj tmg slng rkvgr Gvgrytmke` ks ojnpjsg jc ckrg.



<. Viurlikst/Ltjnksts

• Weikag Jeg omle`gigss bgke`, Pjrid ks nldg up jc

nley tmke`s.

<. Gnpgdjoigs8 Cjur gigngets (wltgr/lkr/glrtm/ckrg)

2. Lelxl`jrls8 Ojuetigss gigngets/sggds wmkom lrg

njvke` uedgr tmg ilw jc rglsje.

• Nked/Ejus/rglsje `kvgs dkrgotkje/purpjsg tj wjrid.

G d i



Gnpgdjoigs8

Cjur Gigngets (Pltgr, Lkr, Ckrg, Glrtm)

lrg sjurog jc jur uekvgrsg

• Ikcg ojng ketj gxkstgeog wmge tmgsg gigngetojnbkeg wktm glom jtmgr tmrju`m cjrogs jc Ijvg.

• Dgltm ks tmg solttgrke` jc tmgsg gigngets dug cjrogs

jc mltrgd.

L ti ii d



Lelxl`jrls8 ojuetigss snlii sggds lrg sjurog

jc gvgrytmke`. Tmgy lrg dgtgrnkegd by

jnekpjtget/jneksokget rglsje (jr Ejus).

• Ikcg & Dgltm dgpgeds upje

ojnbkeltkje & solttgrke` jc

tmgsg sggds.



2. Viurlikst/Ltjnksts

?. Iguokppus slys uekvgrsg ks nldg up jc nley ltjns.

• Ltjns lrg uedgr systgnltko nltmgnltkoli ilws.

• Ejtmke` ojngs wktmjut ley rglsje. Jr gvgrytmke`

lrksgs crjn sjngtmke` (rglsje/olusg).

4. Dgnjorktus `kvgs twj-wjrid ojeogpt.

Vmgejngel (sgesg-wjrid)8Knpgrcgot/uetrustwjrtmy

Rglikty (rltkjeli-wjrid)8 Witknltg/pgrcgot/vlikd. Kt ksnldg up jc kevkskbig ltjns (kdgls/cjrns).

• Witknltg rglikty ks nldg up jc eunbgrigss ltjns

wmkom ole bg uedgrstjjd by rglsje, ejt sgesgs.

D k Wi k c mk



Dgnjorktus8 Witknltg sjurog jc tmks

uekvgrsg ks LTJN_.• Iguokppus led mks

_tudget Dgnjorktuslisj bgikgvgd kedgtgrnkeksn. Gvgrytmke` ks gtgreliiy prg-dgtgrnkegd.

? Vi ik t /_ mk t



?. Viurliksts/_jpmksts

7. Vrjtl`jrls `kvgs pgrogptkje tmgjry —„Nle ks

nglsurg jc lii tmke`s.„ JR kt ngles rglikty ksrgiltkvg/subhgotkvg(omle`gs pgrsje tj pgrsje).

• _j tmgrg ks ej uitknltg rglikty.

•But jeiy sgesg-wjrid ks rgli.

• Jur aejwigd`g ks liwlys blsgd je jur pgrsjeli sgesgs.

3. @jr`kls brke`s rgiltkvksn jc Vrjtl`jrls tj Ekmkiksn—

„Ejtmke` gxksts, sgojed, kc leytmke` dkd gxkst, wg ojuidegvgr aejw.„

• _j ’uitknltg rglikty„ jc prgvkjus pmkijsjpmgrs wls

gxtrgngiy omliige`gd by _jpmksts.



Vrjtl`jrls8 ’Nle ks tmg Nglsurg jc Lii Tmke`s„



Ejw _unnlry jc @rgga Vmkijsjpmy



Kjekle (Nkigskle) Vmkijsjpmgrs

Rglik ty ks Jeg

(<) Tmligs(Cltmgr jc Pgstgre Vmkijsjpmy)

Pjrid Ks nldg up jc

wltgr .

(2) Lelxknledgr(cltmgr jc Ojsnjij`y &

Lstrjejny)

Wekvgrsg ks ojnpjsgd jc l

keckektg, iknktigss Lpgkrje

(?) Lelxkngegs Pjrid ks jrk`keltgd crjn

lkr . Brgltm ks sjui.



(4) Vytml`jrls(Cltmgr jc Eunbgrs)

Pjrid Ks blsgd je eunbgrs.

’Nusko ks ngdkokeg jc sjui.„

Mg bgikgvgd ke keolreltkje.

(7) Mgrloiktus’Tmg Jbsourg„

’Gvgrytmke` ks ke ciux.„

’[ju ole‛t stgp twkog ketjslng rkvgr.„

Pjrid ks blsgd je ckrg.

(3) Vlrngekdgs &

mks studget Xgej

Rglikty jc tmg wjrid ks

’ Jeg Bgke`„ ueomle`ke`,

kedgstruotkbig.





Njeksn vs. Viurliksn

Rglikty ks Jeg Rglikty ks Nley Tmligs Pltgr Gnpgdjoigs wltgr/lkr/glrtm/ckrg

Lelxknledgr Lpgîrôe Lelxl`jrls _ggds/crl`ngets

Lelxkngegs Lkr Dgnjorktus Ltjns

Vytml`jrls Eunbgr

Mgrloiktus Ckrg

Vlrngekdgs slng bgke`

Xgej slng Jeg bgke`





Kdgliksn

<. Dksouss Kdgliksn & Kts typgs. O__ 26<6

Kdgliksn



Kdgliksn• Kdgliksn mjids tmlt kdgls jr tmju`mts

nlag up cuedlngetli rglikty. Kdgliksn

strgssgs tmlt spkrkt jr kdgl ks tmg njst

knpjrtlet led gssgetkli gignget jc tmgikcg led tmg uekvgrsg.

<. Tmg munle spkrkt (kdgl/nked) ks tmg njst

cuedlngetli gignget ke ikcg.

2. Tmg uekvgrsg ks gssgetkliiy ejt nltgrkli ke

kts uitknltg elturg.



Typgs jc Kdgliksn

<. _ubhgotkvg Kdgliksn8 Kdgls lrg wktmke nked.

2. Jbhgotkvg Kdgliksn8 Kdgls lrg jutskdg jc nked

?. Trlesogedgetli Kdgliksn8 Kdgls lrg bgyjed nked

(bgyjed splog & tkng).

4. Lbsjiutg Kdgliksn8 _ubhgotkvg led jbhgotkvg kdgls

lrg plrt jc lbsjiutg.



Nlhjr Kdgliksts

• Viltj Jbhgotkvg Kdgliksn

• @gjr`g Bgragigy _ubhgotkvg Kdgliksn

• Alet Trlesogedgetli Kdgliksn

• Mg`gi Lbsjiutg Kdgliksn



Cjrns (ke Viltj‛s pmkijsjpmy)



Cjrns (ke Viltj s pmkijsjpmy)

• Cjrns (jr kdgls/ojeogpts) lrg, omle`gigss, pgrcgot,

gtgreli led ejenltgrkli plttgres (gssgeogs) jc

wmkom lotuli vkskbig jbhgots jc jur wjrid lrg

pjjr/knpgrcgot ojpkgs.

Vgrcgot cjrn jc mjrsg

Knpgrcgot Ojpkgs jc ’Cjrn jc mjrsg„



Cjrns lrg8

•

<. Trlesogedget- Tmgy lrg bgyjed splog led tkng• 2. Vurg ‟ Tmgy gxgnpikcy purgiy jeg prjpgrty.

• ?. Lromgtypgs - Tmg cjrns lrg tmg pgrcgot njdgis

upje wmkom lii nltgrkli jbhgots lrg blsgd.• 4. Witknltgiy Rgli - Tmg cjrns lrg tmg uitknltgiy

rgli getktkgs, ejt nltgrkli jbhgots.

• 7. Olusgs - Tmg cjrns lrg tmg olusgs jc lii tmke`s.• 3. _ystgnltkoliiy Ketgrojeegotgd ‟Crjn mk`mgr tj

ijwgr1 crjn njrg `gegrli tj njrg plrtkouilr, crjn

njrg jbhgotkvg tj njrg subhgotkvg.



Cjrn (Kdgl/gssgeog/plttgre) jc Trkleìg

Cjrn jc Jrk`keli Trkleìg

Knpgrcgot ojpkgs jc Jrkèli Trkleìgs

Vgrcgot kdgl jc



Vgrcgot kdgl jc

Mjrsg

Knpgrcgot Ojpkgs jc Kdgl jc Mjrsg

Pjrid ks jc twj Akeds



Pjrid ks jc twj Akeds

Pjrid jc Cjrns8 Cjrns lrg jc twj akeds8 (<) Ijwgr Cjrns (2) Mk`mgr Cjrns

Ijwgr Cjrns dgpged upje mk`mgr cjrns

Vmyskoli wjrid 8 (<) Knl`gs (2) Jbhgots

_mldjws dgpgeds upje jbhgots cjr gxkstgeog



Viltj‛s tmgjry jc Kdgls jr Cjrns

Tmgrg ks l trlesogedget wjrid jckdgls wmkom ks supgrkjr tj jur pmyskoli

wjrid (jur pmyskoli jbhgots lrg ojpkgsjc tmg tmlt trlesogedget wjrid).

Tmks tmgjry ks le lttgnpt tj rgojeokig

tmgjry jc ’Lii -omle`g„ led ’Ej-

Omle`g„.

Omlrlotgrkstkos jc Cjrns/Kdgls



Omlrlotgrkstkos jc Cjrns/Kdgls

• Kdgls lrg substleogs

• Kdgls lrg `gegrli led uekvgrsli

• Kdgls lrg knnltgrkli jbhgots

• Kdgls lrg ikag oilssgs

• Kdgls lrg kedgstruotkbig

• Kdgls lrg bgyjed splog led tkngs• Kdgls lrg njrg pgrcgot tmle plrtkouilrs

D c Kd (C )



Dg`rggs jc Kdgls (Cjrns)

_jng kdgls lrg lt mk`mgr pjsktkje1 sjng kdgls lrg ijwgr

(tmjsg wmkom lrg vgry oijsg tj nltgrkli jbhgots)1 Mjwgvgr,

Mk`mgst kdgl/cjrn ks @JJD (wmkom ks njst spkrktuli/kdgli.



Viltjeko Kdgliksn (Viltj‛s Ngtlpmyskos)

•

Viltj blsgd mks pmkijsjpmy je tmg vkgws jcVrjtl`jrls (rgiltkvkty jc pgrogptkje/ngrg

lppglrleog jc pmgejngeli jbhgot), Vlrngekdgs

(Trug Bgke`—Jetjs), Vytml`jrls (rgli gssgeog jr

Viltjeko kdgli—Juskl), Dgnjorktus (mjw wg aejw

rglikty tmrju`m sgesgs/pgrogptkje smjws trleskget

rglikty), Mgrloiktus (gvgrytmke`/nlttgr ks ke omle`g)

<. Ijwgr Rglikty (Nltgrkli) wmkom ks aejwe tmrju`m sgesgs

2. Mk`mgr Rglikty (Kdgli)wmkom ks aejwe tmrju`m rglsje/ketgiigot

• Mg ks rltkjelikst (trug aejwigd`g tmrju`m RGL_JE), kdglikst

(uitknltg rglikty ks kdgl), rglikst (Kdgl ks rgli).

M ikt S V kd



Mgrloiktus Ss. Vlrngekdgs

’Lii-Omle`g„ Tmgjry ’Ej-Omle`g„ Tmgjry

Rglikty ks ke

ojetkeujus Ciux.

[ju ole ejt stgp

twkog ke tmg slng rkvgr.

Ejtmke` ks pgrnleget

gxogpt omle`g.

Rglikty ks

Weomle`glbig.

Gvgrytmke` ks l plrt

jc ueomle`glbig uekty.

Omle`g ks lpplrget

led kiiuskje.

Viltj rgojeokigs tmgjry jc ’Omle`g„ led



Viltj rgojeokigs tmgjry jc Omle`g led

’Vgrnlegeog„.

•Mg slys tmgrg lrg twj akeds jc wjrids8jeg ks omle`glbig (nltgrkli wjrid) jtmgr

ks pgrnleget (wjrid jc kdgls).

• Dkomjtjny jc Gxkstgeog (jc twj wjrids)

<. _gesujus Pjrid (Rlkeke`, tlbig, Tgnp.)

2. Rltkjeli Pjrid (2+2>4, trkleìg)

Viltj‛s dkomjtjny jc Gxkstgeog



Viltj s dkomjtjny jc Gxkstgeog

_gesujus Pjrid Ss. Rltkjeli Pjrid_gesujus PjridKt ks jur nltgrkli/pmyskoli

/prlotkoli wjrid wmkom ks

omle`glbig, tgnpjrli,

nutlbig, knpgrcgot ledblsgd je jur sgesgs led

pgrogptkjes.

wjrid jc sgesgs(pltkouilrs

kedkvkdulis led gxlnpigs)

Rltkjeli PjridKt ks knnltgrkli/ spkrktuli/

ngetli/tmgjrgtkoli/

trlesogedget wjrid wmkom ks

pgrcgot, ueomle`glbig, eje-

tgnpjrli, gtgreli,

knnutlbig led knnjrtli

led blsgd je rglsje led

ij`ko.Pjrid jc Kdgls(uekvgrslis,

`gegrlikzltkjes, ojeogpts)

_gesujus PjridKt ks jur nltgrkli/pmyskoli

/prlotkoli wjrid wmkom ks

omle`glbig, tgnpjrli,

nutlbig, knpgrcgot led

blsgd je jur sgesgs led

pgrogptkjes.

wjrid jc sgesgs

(plrtkouilrs, ngrgiy ojpkgs,

smldjws led kedkvkduli

Rltkjeli PjridKt ks knnltgrkli/spkrktuli/

tmgjrgtkoli/ trlesogedget

wjrid wmkom ks pgrcgot,

ueomle`glbig, eje-tgnpjrli, gtgreli,

knnutlbig led knnjrtli

led blsgd je rglsje led

ij`ko.Pjrid jc Kdgls

(jrk`kelis, ojeogpts

uekvgrslis, led

Pjrid jc Jrk`keli Kdgls



Pjrid jc _gesgs led

Ojpkgs jr _mldjws jc

’kdgl jc mjrsg„

`

Vgrcgot kdgl jc Mjrsg

Aejwigd`g ole bg lomkgvgd tmrju`m sgesgs



•

Aejwigd`g tmrju`m sgesgs ks rgiltkvg (b/o wg mlvgdkccgrget sgesgs/sgesjry jr`les)

• Aejwigd`g tmrju`m nked ks jbhgotkvg/rgli/rltkjeli

•

Pg `gt gssgeog/kdgl/cjrns/lbstrlotkjes/ojeogptscrjn nltgrkli jbhgots by uske` jur nked/rglsje.

• Aejwigd`g jc nltmgnltkoli cjrns/cjrnuils led jc

’trug Bgke`/wjrid-stucc„ ks kdgli led rgli. • Gvgry pmyskoli jbhgot (suom ls Tlbig, Trgg) ks ojpy

jc kdgl (kdgl jc tlbig, kdgl jc trgg) wmkom gxksts ke

wjrid jc kdgls (Viltjeko wjrid).

Aejwigd`g ole bg lomkgvgd tmrju`m sgesgs

(knpgrcgot aejwigd`g) e nked (rgli/pgrcgot)



Aejwigd`g ks rgojiigotkje jc sjui.

• Lii aejwigd`g ks rgojiigotkje jc prg-gxkstget ikcg jcsjui. _jui ks stjrl`g jc lii trutm e aejwigd`g.

• Tj cked trutm, `j dggp ketj yjur sjui/ueojesokjus

• _jui lctgr dgltm jc jeg bjdy, sjui nk`rltgs tj jtmgr

bjdy, bjre s l`lke led l`lke, sj kt ks knnjrtli.

• _j Viltj bgikgvgs ke trlesnk`rltkje jc _jui.



• _gesg-wjrid ojngs ketj bgke` crjn le

uecjrngd/smlpgigss gtgreli nlttgr (RGOGVTLOIG)

loojrdke` tj prgsorkbgd plttgre jc kdgls by lot jc@jd.

• @jd djgs ejt orgltg tmlt nlttgr but dgskè kt

loojrdke` tj plttgre jc gtgreli kdgls.

• _j Viltj ldds ?rd typg jc wjrid (RGOGVTLOIG) tj

Vmgejngel (VM[_KOLI) led rglikty (KDGLI wjrid).

• Ke smjrt, @jd, Kdgls, e Rgogptloig lrg uitknltg.

• Lrkstjtig rgpilogs Viltj‛s kdgliksn wktm rgliksn.



Pmy Viltj eggds cjrns:

• Mg eggds tmgjry jc cjrns tj sjivg cjiijwke` prjbigns8<. Tmg Gtmkoli Vrjbign8 Mjw ole munles ikvg l cuickiike`,

mlppy ikcg ke l ojetke`get, omle`ke` wjrid wmgrg gvgry

tmke`, tmgy dgli wktm, ole bg rgnjvgd/omle`gd: 2. Tmg Vrjbign jc Vgrnlegeog led Omle`g8 Mjw ole tmg

wjrid lppglr tj bg bjtm pgrnleget led omle`ke`:

Tmg wjrid wg pgrogkvg tmrju`m tmg sgesgs sggns tj

bg liwlys omle`ke`. Tmg wjrid tmlt wg pgrogkvg

tmrju`m tmg nked, uske` jur ojeogpts, sggns tj bg

pgrnleget led ueomle`ke`. Pmkom ks njst rgli led

wmy djgs kt lppglr bjtm wlys:

L k i (R ik )



Lrkstjtig (Rglikst)

(Knpjrtlet jeiy ke VN_/Ij`ko ke O__)

<. Dksouss orktkoliiy Lrkstjtig's Ngtlpmyskos.

VN_—26<22. Pmlt ks Ij`ko: Gvliultg ke brkgc

Lrkstjtgikle Ij`ko. O__-2662,2663, 266=

?. Dgsorkbg Lrkstjtig‛s Skgw jc Olusltkje.

O_N (Okvki _grvkog (Nlke) Gxlns, 266;



_knkilrktkgs bgtwgge Viltj & Lrkstjtig

•Bjtm Viltj & Lrkstjtig bgikgvg ke8

• Jbhgotkvkty (uekvgrslikty) jc pmkijsjpmy

• Sliug jc jbhgotkvg aejwigd`g (jr jc uitknltg

olusgs

• Dkst. b/w aejwigd`g (gtgreli) &jpkekje (omle`ke`)

• Dkstkeotkje b/w aejwigd`g led gxpgrkgeog

• Aejwigd`g bg`kes ke wjedgr

• Vmkijsjpmy ks tmg njtmgr ( mk`mgst ) jc Lii sokgeogs

•

Vmkijsjpmkoli ngtmjd (dkligotkoli ngtmjd )

Dkssknkilrktkgs bgtwgge tmgn



Viltj Lrkstjtig<. Vmkijsjpmy ojvgrs njrli, prlotkoli,

tmgjrgtkoli lspgots jc aejwigd`g

2. Vmkijsjpmkoli dksousskje ks

ketgiigotuli dksojursg

?. Mg usgd (leliytko) dkligotkoli

ngtmjd

4. Kdgls lrg sgplrltg crjn jbhgots

7. Mg mls igss clotuli ketgrgst (but

njrg kdgli jeg)

3. Bgke` pjgt, mg usgd nytms,

knl`keltkje, pjgtry led nystkoksn

0. Mg usgd gxtrljrdkelry pjgtko

ileùl`g

<. Vmkijsjpmy ojvgrs jeiy tmgjrgtkoli lspgot

2. Vmkijsjpmy lisj dglis wktm pmgejngel

(lotuli tmke`s led gvgry dly ikcg)

?. Mg knprjvgd dkligotkoli ngtmjd by lddke`

ngtmjd jc jbsgrvltkje tj kt. Led mg nldg

kt sokgetkcko led tgomekoli ngtmjd.

4. Kdgls oleejt bg sgplrltgd crjn tmke`s.

7. Mg wletgd tj ̀ gt loourltg sokgetkcko

aejwigd`g.

3. Rltmgr tmle styig, mg cjousgd je ngleke`,

ojnnuekoltkje led uedgrstledke` jc

ileùl`g.

0. Mg sgplrltg lrt led rglsje.

\. Orktkoliiy Dksouss Lrkstjtig‛s Tmgjry jc



\. Orktkoliiy Dksouss Lrkstjtig s Tmgjry jc

Aejwigd`g: VN_—26<2

•Mg ojvgrgd ejt jeiy pmkijsjpmy, gtmkos, ij`ko,ngtlpmyskos, but lisj elturlis sokgeogs.

• Ij`ko8• Lrkstjtig ks cjuedgr cltmgr jc trldktkjeli Ij`ko.

• Ij`ko ks sokgeog jc rglsjeke`. Kt ks le JR@LEJE

(kestrunget) tj lomkgvg ojrrgot aejwigd`g. Kt kssokgeog jc lii sokgeogs bgolusg kt ks l tjji jc

sokgetkcko rgsglrom led tmkeake`.





_ubhgot Nlttgr jc Ij`ko



Lrkstjtig‛s Ij`ko

• ’Mg slys Ij`ko studkgs tmju`mt„

• Tmju`mt ngles ejt prjogss but prjduot jc

tmju`mt

<. Ojeogpt (Tgrn)

2. Hud`nget (Vrjpjsktkje)

?. Kecgrgeog (lrùnget)



Ojeogpt

• Vrjpgrty jc nked

• Vkoturg jc l tmke` ke nked

• L ngetli knl`g

• G.`., tlbig, omlkr, pge, bjja



tgrn

• Ojeogpt wmge gxprgssgd ke ileùl`g ks oliigd

• Oltg`jrgnltko8 tgrn by ktsgic1 nle, tlbig

• _yeoltg`jrgnltko8 ejt tgrn by tmgnsgivgs1

’tmg„, ’le„, ’lii„, ’jeiy„, ’jc„

• Loltg`jrgnltko8 usgd ke egktmgr olsg, murrlm!,

’Lils„



_keùilr led `gegrli tgrns

• Vlrtkouilr tgrn, sjorltgs, Rlvk, Ilmjrg

• Wekvgrsli tgrns, nle, orkoagt, uekvgrskty



Hud`nget

• Rgiltkjesmkp jc lcckrnltkje/eg`ltkje b/w

twj tgrns

• Ketgiigotuli lotkvkty

• Ojnplrksje/ gvliultkje jc plrtkouilr gccgots

jc le gxpgrkgeog

• Vsyomjij`koli lotkvkty jc lwlrgegss jc jbhgots

led rgiltkjesmkps



Vrjpjsktkje

• Hud`nget gxprgssgd ke ileùl`g

• L stltgnget tmlt ole bg trug jr clisg ks oliigd

• Pkttge jr spjage stltgnget ke ileùl`g

• ? plrts8

• _ubhgot

•

Vrgdkoltg• ojpuil



Vrjpjsktkje

• L ij`koli sgetgeog.

• Kt ojesksts jc 2 tgrns (subhgot & Vrgdkoltg).

• _ubhgot led prgdkoltg lrg twj oilss wmkom lrg

rgiltgd lrg ikeagd tmrju`m ojpuil.

• Gxlnpig jc Vrjpjsktkje8

• _ubhgot ojpuil Vrgdkoltg

• Lii Nge lrg Njrtli.





Kecgrgeog

• Ojnbkeltkje jc njrg tmle < prjpjsktkjes

• Ngetli lotkvkty

• Pmgrg sjng prjpjsktkjes lrg `kvge (prgnksgs) ,

led jtmgr cjiijws crjn tmgn (ojeoiuskje).

• Lii nge lrg njrtli led _jorltgs ks l nle. (@kvge)

• Tmgrgcjrg, Lii nge lrg njrtli. (cjiijwke`)



Kecgrgeog

•

’L kecgrgeog jr rglsjeke` ks l prjogss jc trlesktkjecrjn aejwe/pgrogkvgd clots (Vrgnksgs) tj

ueaejwe jr uepgrogkvgd tmke`s.

• [ju sgg snjag led kecgr/ rglsje tmlt tmgrg ks l

ckrg.



Lrùnget



Oltg`jrkoli _yiij`ksn

• _yiij`ksn8 l dgduotkvg lrùnget ojeskstke` jctwj (2) prgnksgs led jeg (<) ojeoiuskje ks oliigd_yiij`ksn.

• Oltg`jrkoli _yiij`ksn8 L syiij`ksn wktm tmrgg (?)

prjpjsktkjes & tmrgg (?) dkccgrget tgrns (Nlhjr,Nkejr & Nkddig).

• Glom jc tmgsg tgrns lppglrs twkog.

•Lii Nge lrg Njrtli

• Lsiln ks l nle

• Tmgrgcjrg, Lsiln ks njrtli



Nlhjr Tgrn, Nkejr tgrn & Nkddig Tgrn

<. Lii O_Vs lrg ketgiik`get. Nlhjr Vrgnksg

2. _jng pgjpig lrg ejt O_Vs. Nkejr Vrgnksg

?. _jng Vgjpig lrg ejt ketgiik`get. Ojeoiuskje

Nkejr Tgrn Nlhjr Tgrn

Nkddig Tgrn

Oltg`jrkgsc m m



• Mks oltg`jrkgs lrg plrt jc mks ngtlpmyskos.

• Oltg`jrkgs lrg cuedlngetli ojeogpts led blsko

cglturgs jc rglikty bgolusg wktmjut oltg`jrkgs jurtmju`mt ks knpjsskbig.

<. _ubstleog8 l tmke` wmlt kt ks (g.`. Nle)

2. \ulikty 8 mjw l tmke` ks ojestktutgd (g.`. wmktg)

?. \uletkty 8 mjw ilr`g l tmke` ks (g.`. 2 ylrds ije`)4. Rgiltkje8 mjw kt ks rgiltgd (g.`. `rgltgr)

7. _plog8 wmgrg kt ks (g.`. ke tmg Iyogun)

3. Tkng8 wmge kt ks (g.`. ygstgrdly)

0. Vjsktkje8 Pmlt pjsturgs kt lssung (g.`. ikgs, skts)

=. _tltg8 tmg ojedktkje kt ks ke (g.`. lrngd)

;. Lotkvkty 8 wmlt kt djgs (g.`. bures)

<6.Vlsskvkty 8 wmlt ks succgrs (g.`. ks buregd)



O k k k



Orktkoksn

•

Lrkstjtig‛s Oltg`jrkgs lrg orktkokzgd by stjkos(mlppkegss ole bg lomkgvgd by loogptke` plke),

Egj-Viltjeksts (wmj ojnbkeg Viltjeksn wktm

nystkoksn), Vijtkeus, Alet, Mg`gi, H._. Nkii. Tmgy

mjid tmlt oilsskckoltkje jc oltg`jrkgs ks jeiy blsgd

je ikeùkstko gxpgdkgeoy.

• Mg `kvgs ej lrùngets tj prjvg tmgsg oltg`jrkgs.

\. Orktkoliiy dksouss Lrkstjtig‛s ngtlpmyskos.



\. Orktkoliiy dksouss Lrkstjtig s ngtlpmyskos.

(Tmgjry jc cjrn & Nlttgr)

• _tudy jc tmg elturg jc bgke` jr substleog ksoliigd ngtlpmyskos.

• Cjr Viltj8 substleog ks Lbstrlot (uekvgrsli).

• Cjr Lrkstjtig8 substleog ks ojeorgtg kedkvkduli

(plrtkouilr)

Ejtg8Lbstrlot8 tj rgnjvg sjngtmke` crjn sjngtmke` gisg1 Pmge wg rgnjvg l iglvg crjn l trgg

(wmkom ks ojetgxt jc tmlt iglvg), tmge tmks iglvg ks oliigd lbstrlot. _knkilriy kc wg sgplrltg kdgl

crjn tmg jbhgot, tmge tmks sgplrltg kdgl ks oliigd lbstrlot.

Ojeorgtg8 tj `rjw tj`gtmgr1 wmge wg sgg l iglvg by piloke` tmg iglvg wktmke tmg ojetgxt jr

rgiltkje jc tmg trgg, tmge tmks rgiltkjeli jr ojetgxtuli iglvg ks oliigd ojeorgtg. Pmge wg sgg le

kdgl ke rgiltkje jr ojetgxt tj kts jbhgot, tmge tmks kdgl ks oliigd ojeorgtg.

Lrkstjtig‛s Orktkoksn je Viltj‛s Tmgjry



Lrkstjtig s Orktkoksn je Viltj s Tmgjry

jc Kdgls

• Lbstrlot kdgls ole‛t olusg ojeorgtg tmke`s • Kdgls lrg stltko & gtgreli sj ole‛t gxpilke

njtkje & omle`g.

• Kdgls oleejt gxpilke plrtkouilr tmke`s

• Kdgls lrg rg-dupikoltkjes jc tmke`s

• ’tmke`s lrg ojpkgs jc kdgls„ gxpilkes ejtmke`

• Viltj sgplrltgs gssgeog crjn tmke` ktsgic,

wmkom ks lotuliiy ejt pjsskbig.

Cjrn & Nlttgr



• Nlttgr 8 _jngtmke` jc wmkom l tmke` ks nldg.

• Cjrn8 wmkom sjngjeg knpjsgs je nlttgr.

• Tj uedgrstled kt, mks tmgjry jc olusltkje ks knp. b/o

ojeogpts jc nlttgr led kts olusg lrg ketgrikeagd.

• Tj gxpilke, wg eggd tj aejw ’wmy„ & ’Mjw„ le

gvget joour.

• Cjur typgs jc Olusgs

•

(<) Nltgrkli (2) Gcckokget (?) Cjrnl (4) Ckeli• _j l tmke` mls twj lspgots (Nltgrkli & Cjrnli).

Nlttgr led cjrn lrg kesgplrlbig. Le jbhgot ole‛t

gxksts wktmjut bjtm cjrn led nlttgr.

• Cjrn (oubgegss) ks uekvgrsli, nlttgr



(su`lr oubg) ks plrtkouilr. Bjtm lrg

lrrle`gd ke lsogedke` jrdgr ls• _ubstleogs wktm nlx. nlttgr & nke.

cjrn lrg lrrle`gd lt bjttjn1 tmjsg

wktm gquli nlttgr & cjrn lrg lt

ketgrngdkltg igvgi1 @jd (purg cjrn,

wktmjut ley nlttgr) ks lt tjp wmj sgtstmg wjrid ke njtkje.



Cglturgs jc @jd (Vurg Cjrn)



• @jd ks Vrkng njvgr

• @jd ks lpgx jc wjrid prjogss

(mk`mgst nlekcgstltkje

• @jd ks cjrnli olusg jc tmg wjrid

•

@jd ks Gcckokget olusg jc tmg wjrid• @jd ks Ckeli olusg jc tmg wjrid

\. _tltg & gxlnkeg Lrkstjtig‛s tmgjry



\ y

jc olusltkje.

• Cjur olusgs8 Gxlnpig jc Tlbig

<. Nltgrkli Olusg8 (nlttgr suom ls wjjd )

2. Gcckokget Olusg (cjr omle`g/njvgnget, Olrpgetgr )

?. Cjrnli Olusg (Kdgl/cjrn jc Tlbig)

4. Ckeli Olusg (Vurpjsg tj bg lomkgvgd)



@jjdbyg

Nkle Plqls Mlkdgr

Cjr Igoturg Ejtgs Jr Oilssgs8Nk P (N Vmki k Vmki m )



Nkle Plqls (N.Vmki ke Vmkijsjpmy)

Lddrgss8 @.O. Wekvgrskty, Ilmjrg(6?47-40466<;)

_lclrmlkdgrF`nlki.ojn Cjr curtmgr ùkdleog , Dje‛t mgsktltg tj ojetlot.

Hjke ’O__ Vmkijsjpmy Okroig’ je mttps8//www.clogbjja.ojn/`rjups/osspmkijsjpmyokroig/

Egxt Tjpkos

mailto:[email protected]

https://www.facebook.com/groups/cssphilosophycircle/

https://www.facebook.com/groups/cssphilosophycircle/

mailto:[email protected]



p

•Orktkoli Leliysks jc8

<. _ubhgotkvg Kdgliksn by Bgragigy2. Trlesogedgetli Kdgliksn by Alet (@grnle kdgliksn by _omgiike`, Ckomtg & Mg`gi )

?. Lbsjiutg/Dkligotkoli Kdgliksn by Mg`gi

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CSS ( also IAS/CSM/PMS) Philosophy Notes