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www.nt.gov.au
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and honey bee pollinators
Mary Finlay-Doney, Vicki Simlesa, Lucy Tran-Nguyen, Fiona Constable, Geoff Kelly
27 September 2017
DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRY AND RESOURCES
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Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Honey bees
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Tobamovirus
Cause serious diseases in the vegetable & fruit cucurbits as well as several gourd species
A major global threat to cucurbit industries
Dombrovsky, A., Tran-Nguyen, L. T. T., & Jones, R. A. C. (2017). Annual Review of Phytopathology, 55(1), 231-256
CGMMV
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CGMMV in Australia
Dombrovsky, A., Tran-Nguyen, L. T. T., & Jones, R. A. C. (2017). Annual Review of Phytopathology, 55(1), 231-256 (modified)
February 2016Quarantine lifted in the NT
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CGMMV transmission
Spread by direct mechanical contact
• Soil
• Propagation equipment – farm tools
• Seeds
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Many crops are dependent on honey bee pollination
squash 10%, watermelon 70%, cucumber 100%
Hives are used on multiple properties
Is it possible to move the virus??
Monck, M., Gordon, J., & Hanslow, K. (2008). Analysis of the Market for Pollination Services in Australia. RIRDC
Why honey bees?
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Is CGMMV present in bee hives?
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Is CGMMV present in bee hives?
CGMMV
Bee product Present Capable of infecting?
Pollen 79% 20%
Honey 67% 39%
Wax 67% 0%
Adult bees 53% 16%
Brood 23% na
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Protocol to detect CGMMV in bee hives
What is the best way to confirm the presence or absence of CGMMV in bee hives?
• number of samples?
• type of samples?
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Protocol to detect CGMMV in bee hives
Tested for CGMMV presence/absence
• adult bees
• pollen
• honey
Sampled four apiaries. 11 hives in each apiary.
INTENSIVE SAMPLING - 10 samples of each product from a single hive
EXTENSIVE SAMPLING - 1 sample of each product from multiple hives
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Protocol to detect CGMMV in bee hives
Recommendation: extensive sampling
Hive product Proportion of samples with CGMMV (s.d.)
Intensive Extensive
Adults 0.2 (0.1) 0.1 (0.1)
Pollen 0 0.1 (0.1)
Honey Na 0.9 (0.1)
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Thank you
Acknowledgements- Vicki Simlesa & NT apiarists- HIA VG15013 project team- NT Quarantine
Funding- Horticulture Innovation Australia - vegetable levy - NTG- National Plant Biosecurity Diagnostic Network