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Cuddalore Powergen Corporation Limited was incorporated on November 22, 1993, is an Independent Power Producer (IPP) developing of 2 × 660 MW coal based thermal power project at Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India.
The project is under development and currently undergoing the certification process, and upon completion of this effort, as well as commissioning on the power plant, will sell all of its power to TNEB on a take-or-pay basis
The company has signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) with TNEB during September 2006.
CUDDALORE POWERGEN CORPORATION LIMITED 443 Anna Salai, Guna Building, Teynampet,Chennai – 600018. IndiaPhone : +91-44-24326171 Fax : +91-44-24333201Email : [email protected]
HR Contact Address:
The HR DepartmentBGR Energy Systems Limited443, Anna Salai, Teynampet,Chennai – 600 018Phone : 91-44-24334940Fax : 91-44-24334935Email : [email protected]
Mega Power Projects & Associated projects in Tamil Nadu.
PRIMEEAST THERMAL POWER STATION (PETPS)”
CONTACT US
Corp Office
PEL POWER LTD,8-2-293/82/A/76, Road No. 9A,Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad – 500 033.Andhra Pradesh, India.
Tel : 040-44604888Fax: 040-44604899
Email: [email protected] www.pelpower.com
Regd Office
PEL POWER LTD,Patel Estate,S.V.Road, Jogeshwari West, Mumbai - 400 102
Tel : 2678 2455/2678 2885 Fax: 022 2678 2455/1505
E-mail: [email protected]
Address: C-4, G.F.,OLD DLF COLONY,NEAR SECTOR – 14GURGAON, HARYANA,INDIAPIN-122 001Tel.: +91 – 124 – 426 - 7246 Fax: +91 – 124 – 436 – 4165
Email:[email protected]
www.udiigroup.com
UDI INFRASTRUCTURE GROUP OF COMPANIES
UDI INFRASTRUCTURE GROUP OF COMPANIES
==Merchant Thermal Power Plants==
கடலூர் | IL&FS Tamil Nadu Power Company Ltd. | Cuddalore | 3600 MW Power Plant(Phase-I 1200 MW & Phase-II 2400 MW)Project Website: http://www.ilfsindia.com/projects1.a...=7&subLink=117
Quote:
IL&FS is developing a 3600 MW (2x600MW in Phase I) imported coal based Thermal Power Project in Tamil Nadu. The Phase I of the project (1200MW) would be utilizing sub-critical technology while Phase II (2400MW) would utilize supercritical boiler technology and would source coal from Indonesia/Australia/SA etc. The project would consist of a dedicated port/jetty with enabling infrastructure for import of 15-25 million tones of coal per annum along with other plants and machinery
IL&FS has acquired a mine in Indonesia, which will cater to the coal requirement for this project. All major clearances including environment clearance from MoEF has been obtained for this project. The debt financial closure for Phase I has been achieved in December 2009 with a consortium of 19 banks. The power generated would be sold under both long term Power Purchase Agreement and as merchant power. IEDCL has been appointed Project Development Advisor for the project
நா�கப்பட்டிணம் | UDI Infrastructure Multi Product SEZ | Nagapattinam | 2500 acres | 1980 MW Power Plant | 6 MTPA Sea PortProject Website: http://udiigroup.com/projects.htmlQuote:
1980 MW Power Plant
UDI Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. Is currently setting up a 3 X 660 MW coal based vttthThermal Powe thermal merchant power plant in coastal region of Nagapattinam,
Tamil Nadu. The plant will be set up by 2012.
6 MTPA Sea Port
UDI Infrastructure is also setting up a captive sea port to facilitate the transportation of coal from both foreign and domestic sources. The Port will be able to handle six million Tons of coal per annum.
1000 cu. m Water Desalination Plant
UDI Infrastructure is setting up a RO Sea water Desalination Plant with a production capacity of approximately 1000 cubic meters of fresh water per hour. The Desalination plant shall meet the consumptive needs of both the UDI Power Plant as well as the Proposed SEZ including the township.
2500 acre Multi product SEZ
UDII GROUP proposes to setup a Multi – product SEZ spread over 2500 acres of land with unlimited and undinterrupted supply of power and fresh water along the coastal region of Tamil Nadu. The proposed SEZ will provide a Township, Schools and Colleges, Hospitals, Multiplex and Malls and other facilities of international standards.
தி�ருக்குவளை� | Tridem Power & Port | Tirukkuvalai | 2000 acre FTZ | 2000 MW Power Plant | 40 MTPA Sea PortProject Website: http://www.elginindustries.com/en/sitecore/content/Engineering%20and%20Construction/Soros/Projects/Tridem%20Power%20and%20Port%20-%20Thirukkuvalai%20Port%20Development.aspx?industry={136AEC48-8C9B-4315-A4AA-B7ADDE5F39E1}
Quote:
Soros’ design included development for a port facility at Thirukkuvalai coast, south of Nagapattinam in Tamil Nadu India. The development of the port involved construction
of breakwaters, construction of wharves / berths, and dredging the berthing areas, harbour basin, turning circle and the approach channel.
The modality and details of our design breakdown for the Port and Backup Areas for the Port included:
· Port limits up to 15 km from the shoreline.
· Approximately 278-acre waterfront area with some 3.2 km coastline.
· Reclaimed area from dredged materials extending outwards from the 3.
· 2 km coastline. Size of area is to be determined by Consultant.
· A contiguous 2,000 acre Free Trade Zone area with a suitable area so me 3 km away for storage of thermal coal directly from the berths and evacuated subsequently to the
power plant and to other port users by rail or road. The size and modality of storage area are to be determined by the Consultant.
· Areas in the same Free Trade Zone for (a) a Tank Farm for the handling and storage of Bulk Liquid through the Port and (b) storage of RoRo vehicles. The size and modality of
storage area are to be determined by the Consultant.
தூத்துக்குடி | Coastal Energen Pvt Ltd| Tuticorin | 1200 MW Power PlantProject Website: http://www.coastalenergen.com/
Quote:
Coastal Energen Pvt Ltd (ENERGEN), the Power Generating Flagship Company of the Coal and Oil Group, is setting up a 1200 MW coal fired thermal power plant in the district of Tuticorin in the State of Tamil Nadu , India.
Our maiden power project in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, South India is a logical extension of our multi disciplinary capabilities building on our diverse strengths and leveraging our varied experiences in “Fuel Management” which gives Coastal Energen a distinct advantage as a low cost Power Producer.Tuticorin has been identified by both the Central Government of India and State Government of Tamilnadu as a power generating centre for southern Tamilnadu lying as it does in the middle of the power corridor.
Situated only 13 kms from Tuticorin town, our project enjoys the following advantages:
•Close proximity to a major town (13 kms)
•Within 21 kms of a major port
•Excellent road, Rail & Air connectivity
•Excellent grid connectivity
The project has achieved fast progress since its inception.
•Land fully acquired
•PPA Agreement Signed
•MOEF Clearance issued
•Funding fully tied up and secured
•BTG order finalized
•
Discussion with PGCIL for power evacuation
•Engineering Consultants appointed
•Manpower in place
•Site preparation completed
•Geo-technical investigations completed
•Construction water and power in place
•Water allocated by TWAD Board for process requirements
நா�கப்பட்டிணம் | PEL Power Pvt Ltd | Nagapattinam | 1000 MW Power PlantProject Website: http://www.pelpower.com/project.html
Quote:
Located in the east coast, near Marudam Pallam, Sirkali town, in Tharangambadi taluk of Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu in the Southern part of India.
Land required for setting up of the Plant has been acquired.Environmental clearances from the Ministry of Environment and Forest in progress.Coal required for running the Plant is to be received by Sea. Coal linkage application process Fuel Supply Agreement with M/s. PT Equity Commodities, IndonesiaEvacuation of Power through 400 KV Transmission line to be laid by TNEB/PGCIL
ICB for BTG and BOP in packages is in process
First Unit of 500 MW to be commissioned by March 2012 and the second Unit in 3 months there fromDPR prepared by the Consultants viz. Fichtner India Pvt.Ltd is in placeProject estimated to cost about Rs.5000 crore.Financing through 70% Debt from Banks/DFIs and 30% Equity from PromotersMOA with PTC India Ltd. for marketing 70% of net power generated through a Long Term PPA is in process TNEB to take 25% of power through Bidding process with first right to reject at Tariff to be determined by TNERCBalance power available will be sold through Power Exchange India Ltd.(PXIL)
Key Management Personnel with rich and wide experience power sector are in place
நா�கப்பட்டிணம் | NSL Power Pvt Ltd. | Nagapattinam | 1500 MW Power Plant Project Website: http://www.nslpower.com/convene.htm
Quote:
Tamilnadu Govt. has issued Letter of Facilitation to NSL Power Limited for setting up Coastal Power Generation Plant (Merchant Power Plant) of 1500 MW capacity at Sirkazhi and Tarangambadi Taluks in Nagapattinam Dist. This project is under implementation with targeted commissioning First Phase by Oct - Nov 2011. Second Phase by Feb - March 2012.
» MOU signed with Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) for Coal/Lignite Exploration, Mine Planning, Mine Survey, Contract Management, Industrial Engineering, Mining, HSE, etc.
» MOU signed with IDFC Projects for development of Pit-head Thermal Power Project.
Salient Features Capacity of Power Plant 1500 MW Configuration 2 x 660 MW Commissioning Planning to commission the station capacity by March 2012 Type of Power Plant Coal based Merchant Power Plant Location Kaveripattinam – Tarangambadi Coastal region in Sirkazhi and Tarangambadi taluks of Nagapattinam District. Coal Source a) Coal Blocks identified in Indonesia.
b) Application submitted to Ministry of Coal for Long Term Coal linkage to be alloted shortly. Water Source 1) Sea-water cooling envisaged for Condenser Cooling.
2) Soft Water requirement shall be met through De-salination Plant / RO Plant.
Status‡ Letter of Facilitation for setting up of Merchant Power Plant received from the Govt. of Tamilnadu on 10th December 2007‡ Land Requirement is about 1280 Acres, the land identification completed and acquisition in progress.‡ In the Process of obtaining necessary statutory clearences from Tamilnadu Maritime Board (TNMB) has given in-principle approval for development of port.
‡ Tamilnadu Maritime Board had approved for establishing offshore coal handling terminal.‡ Feasibility Report, for development of Open Jetty, closer to the identified Project Site and also Coal Handling Terminal to unload imported coal from the ship & transfer to Coal stock yard, has been received from the Consultants appointed by us. TFR is being filed with TNMB for final approval of Port.‡ Discussions are being held with South Indian Mills’ Association and others for tie-up to supply the power from our proposed Merchant Power Plant,on long term basis.
கடலூர் | SRM Energy Ltd. | Cuddalore | 2000 MW Power Plant| 8000 CroresProject Website: http://www.spicenergy.com/Businesses/Power.aspx
Quote:
SRM Energy’s first project will be an imported coal fired plant located at Cuddalore in Tamil Nadu. Out of a total requirement of about 1,200 acres of land for the project, about 500 acres have already been acquired. The company has already received a letter of facilitation from the Tamil Nadu Government for setting up a 2,000 MW power
plant.SRM Energy has also signed a long-term Coal Purchase agreement for the supply of 5 million tonnes of coal per annum for 20 years from mines in Indonesia, and is also looking at opportunities to acquire captive mines. The detailed EIA study is underway after obtaining approval of the Terms of Reference (TOR) from the Ministry of Environment & Forests. The company has invited tenders from prospective EPC contractors, and the final EPC contract is scheduled to be awarded by May 2009. Finally, SRM Energy has entered into a PPA for sale of entire power generated by the Cuddalore plant with the Tata Power Trading Company Ltd.
Apart from these, following projects are under proposal without much info.
கடலூர் | Cuddalore | Cuddalore Powergen Corporation Limited (CPC) | 1320 MW | 6000 Croreshttp://www.bgrcorp.com/cpcl.php
Quote:
Cuddalore Powergen Corporation Limited was incorporated on November 22, 1993, is an Independent Power Producer (IPP) developing of 2 × 660 MW coal based thermal power project at Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India.
The project is under development and currently undergoing the certification process, and upon completion of this effort, as well as commissioning on the power plant, will sell all of its power to TNEB on a take-or-pay basis
The company has signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) with TNEB during September 2006.
மனப்பட் (தூத்துக்குடி) | Manapad (Tuticorin) | Ind-Barat Power Pvt. Ltd | 1320 MW Power Plant
மரக்க�ணம் | Marakkanam | Apollo Infrastructure Project Finance Com. Pvt Ltd | 2000 MW Power Plant
தூத்துக்குடி | Tuticorin | Sri City Infrastructure Dev. Ltd | 1000 MW Power Plants
குருவ�மேமடு | Kuruvimedu | Kuruvimedu Thermal Power Project | 1000 MW
ர�மநா�திபுரம் | Ramanathapuram | Ramanathapuram Power Project | 1000 MW
நா�கப்பட்டிணம் | Nagapattinam | McNamara International Pvt Ltd | 2000 MW
ETA Star Energy Pvt Ltd | 1200 MWhttp://74.125.153.132/search?q=cache...ient=firefox-a
Quote:
ETA STAR has acquired a 100 million tonne (mt) coal mine in Indonesia, worth $300 million, to fuel its proposed 1,200 MW power plant coming up in coastal Tamil Nadu. ETA STAR resources, Indonesia, a wholly owned subsidary of the Group, will own the mine and sell coal in the recently floated Indian subsidary, ETA STAR Enery which will own the power project, ETA STAR director Hameed Syed Salahuddin told Economic Times.
Mr.Hameed Salahuddin, Director, ETA-STAR said, "we will finalise our plans for the Port venture after the bathmetry study is drafted, which is underway. We will convey our intensions to the TN government shortlyThe group plans to start coal production from the Indonesian mine by 2010. the entire production will be for the indian Power Projects. Initially, we plan to export 2-3MT coal annually and later, it will be increased. At present, we are setting up road infrastructure for evacuating coal from the mine", said the Director, adding that ETA would invest $3.5 billion in the India's infrastructure and realty sectors
Kumbakonam | GEMAC Energy Limited (GEL) | 1320 MW| INR 6000 Crores
== State /Central Power Plants ==contrib by Arul Murugan
செ ன்ளைன | North Chennai Thermal Power Station I | 600MW Power PlantCapacity : 1x600MWTotal cost of the project without IDC : 2475 croresName of the contractor : M/s.BHELZero date : 18.02.08 Schedule date of commissioning : 17.02.11
Present stage of the project :The Civil foundation works for Boiler, Chimney ESP have been completed. Boiler and ESP Column erection commenced on 01.06.09. Drum lifting is scheduled during November 2009.
செ ன்ளைன | North Chennai Thermal Power Station II | 600MW Power PlantCapacity : 1x600MWTotal cost of the project without IDC : 2175 crores+125 croresName of the contractor : M/s.BHELZero date : 16.08.08 Schedule date of commissioning : 15.08.11
Present stage of the projectCivil foundation for boiler ESP,Mill and Bunker bay completed and in progress in power house and TG Buil;ding.The erection work for boiler and ESP commenced during August are under progress.
செ ன்ளைன | North Chennai Thermal Power Station III | Tri-Sakthi Energy Pvt. Ltd | 525 MW power plant
மேமட்டூர்/மே லம் | Mettur/Salem Thermal Power Station- Stage-III | 600MWCapacity : 1x600MWTotal cost of the project without IDC : 3100.06 croresName of the contractor : M/s.BGRESLZero date : 25.06.08 Schedule date of commissioning : 23.06.11
Present stage of the project :
Weigh bridge No.1 installation completed and weigh bridge No.2 work is in progress. 709 meters length of compound wall completed out of 2.412 Km. 50% roof work completed in 400 KV GIS and Cable trench RTS binding work is in progress in 230 KV GIS. Assembly & erection of slip form is in progress in Chimney. Foundation and pedestal completed in Cooling Tower. Foundation work completed in D.M. System and Equipment foundations to be provided. HFO & HSD tank foundation works completed. The first milestone activity of Boiler column erection was carried out on 29.09.2009
செ ன்ளைன | NTPC/TNEB JV | Chennai Vallur power Plant | 1500MWLocation : Vallur village in North ChennaiCapacity : 3 x 500MWTotal cost of the project without IDC : 8000 CroresName of the contractor : Main plant contractor M/s.BHELZero date : 13.08.2007 Schedule date of commissioning : Unit I - Oct.2010Unit II - Mar.2011
Unit III - Sep 2012
Present stage of the project :Main Plant work consists of turbine, boiler, generator etc., was awarded to M/s. BHEL on 13.08.2007. M/s. BHEL has mobilized for boiler erection work. The boiler drum has already been received at site. BHEL has been awarded the main plant works for stage II (1X500 MW). The civil / structural works are carried out simultaneously along with stage I works in full swing.
க�ட்டுப்பள்�% | Kattupalli Thermal power plant |1600 MW Locaion: Kattupalli village in Tiruvallur DistrictCapacity: 2 x 800 MWStatus: Pre-feasibility study completed. EIA is under process
தூத்துக்குடி | Tuticorin NTPL JV power plant | 1000MWLocation : TuticorinCapacity : 2 x 500MWTotal cost of the project without IDC : 4909 CroresName of the contractor : Main plant contractor M/s. BHEL Zero date : 12.05.2008Schedule date of commissioning : Unit I - Mar.2012Unit II - Aug.2012
Present stage of the project :Site preparation works are under progress. LOA issued to M/s L&T for coal handling system of the project.
உடன்குடி/தூத்துக்குடி | Udangudi Power plant | 1600MWLocation : Udangudi near TrichendurCapacity : 2 x 800MWTotal cost of the project without IDC : 9083 CroresName of the contractor : Yet to be finalisedZero date : Yet to be fixed Schedule date of commissioning : Unit I - Mar.2013Unit II- Sep.2013
Present stage of the project :Preliminary works are completed. Site specific studies such as EIA study has been completed. Public hearing are over. On receipt of approval from state level CZMA(Coastal Zone Management Authority), application will be filed to the MOEF for Environmental clearance of the project.
http://www.tneb.in/template_3.php?te...d=0&subcid=167
செ ய்யூர் | Cheyyur | Ultra Mega Power Plant
| 4000 MW | Captive PortLocation : CheyyurCapacity :4000 MWInvestment : 16000 crore INR
Features
The Ultra Mega Power Projects would use Super Critical Technology witha view to achieve higher levels of fuel efficiency, which results in saving offuel and lower green-house gas emissions.
Flexibility in unit size subject to adoption of specified minimumSupercritical parameters.
Integrated power project with dedicated captive coal blocks for pitheadprojects.
Coastal projects to use imported coal.
நா�கப்பட்டிணம் | Nagapattinam | Ultra Mega Power Plant | 4000 MW | Captive Port | Proposed
செ)யம்செக�ண்டம்| Jayamkondam power plant |Neyveli Lignite Corporation |1600 MW | 9 MTPA | 5700 Croreswebsite: http://www.nlcindia.co.in/pro_form.pdf
செநாய்மேவலி |Neyveli TPS III power plant | 1000 MW
என்னூர் | Ennore Power Plant | 1885 MW
மணலி | Manali Power Project | 842 MW
செ ங்கற்பட்டு | Chengalpet Power Project | 630 MW
செ ய்யூர் | Cheyyur Ultra Mega Power Plant (UMPP) | Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) | 4000 MW
தூத்துக்குடி | Tuticorin | Spic Electric Power
Corporation (Private) Ltd (SEPC)
மரக்க�ணம் | Marakkanam | NTPC Thermal Power Plant | 2000 MW| INR 5500 Crores
== Nuclear Power Plants ==
கூடன்கு�ம்/தி�ருசெநால்மேவலி | Koodankulam/Tirunelveli Nuclear power plant | 2000MWLocation, Koodankulam, TirunelveliCapacity : 2000MWInvestment: 3.5billion US $ estimation in 2001Status: 93.9 % as on Oct-2009 Unit I, 83.7 % as on Oct-2009 Unit IIOperation: Sep 2010 Unit I, Mar 2011 Unit II
http://www.npcil.nic.in/
கல்ப்ப�க்கம் | Kalpakkam | PFBR | 500 MW
கூடன்கு�ம் | Koodankulam | VVER | 2x1000 | 2000 MW
கூடன்கு�ம் | Koodankulam | VVER | 4x1200 | 4800 MW
கல்ப்ப�க்கம் | Kalpakkam | PFBR | 1000 MW
==============Total = 63,722 MW==============
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Name Capacity Estimate cost Funding Agency Programme of commissioning
Thermal Power Projects
NCTPS-Stage-II Unit-1 1x600MW 2475 crores Financial tie up is made with REC by January. 2012
M/s. BHEL
NCTPS-Stage-II Unit-2 1x600MW 2175 crores M/s.REC January. 2012
MTPS Stage-III 1x600MW 3136.68crore M/s.PFC September 2011
Hydro Power Projects
Bhavani Kattlai Barrage-2 2x15MW 400.59crore M/s.PFC 27.10.2010
Bhavani Kattlai Barrage-3 2x15MW 396.59crore M/s.PFC 27.10.2010
Periyar Vaigai 1 SHEP 2X2 MW 55.45 crore TANGEDCO Unit I 02.11.2010 & unit II Jan -2011
Periyar Vaigai 2 SHEP 2X1.25MW 45.11 crore TANGEDCO March 2011
Periyar Vaigai 3 SHEP 2X2 MW 66.42 crore TANGEDCO July 2011
Periyar Vaigai 4 SHEP 2x1.25MW 52.83 crore TANGEDCO May 2011
Joint Venture Projects
NTPC TNEB Energy Co. Ltd.(NTPC-TNEB joint venture)
3x500 MW 8000 crore M/s.REC
Oct.2011-unit-I,
Dec.2011-unit-2,
Nov.2012-unit-3
NLC Tamil Nadu Power Ltd(NLC- TNEB joint venture)
2x500MW 4909 crore M/s.REC
Mar 2012
Aug.2012
Udangudi Power Corporation Limited 2x800MW 9083 crore Under finalization
Mar 2013
Sep 2013
Upcoming Projects
Name of the Project Capacity
ETPS Annex 1X600 MW
Ennore SEZ project in the Ash Dyke of NCTPS(Kattupalli)
2X800 MW
from the Bengal-Bihar Belt. Modern thermal power stations operate on the thermodynamic
principle of Modified Rankine Cycle.
THERMAL POWER STATION
Introduction
Thermal power generation in India constitutes to about 65% of the total energy generation, the fuel resource supplied mainly from the Bengal-Bihar Belt. Modern thermal power stations operate on the thermodynamic principle of Modified Rankine Cycle.
Boiler
Boiler or Steam generator helps to burn the coal and transfer the heat to water, thereby generating steam at the required pressure and temperature. Coal is fed to the Raw Coal Bunkers that is sufficient to store one day requirement. Then, the coal is pulverised into a fine powder in the pulverisers or mills and carried away into the boiler by the hot air at 60 – 70 supplied by Primary Air Fans. The fuel/air mixture is fed in the four corners of the boiler in a corner fired boiler, in four or five elevations. For complete combustion of coal in the furnace, secondary air is supplied by the Forced Draft fans. Feed water is supplied to the boiler drum situated at the top of the boiler from
the economiser which make use of the heat in flue gas to preheat the feed water to increase the boiler efficiency. Water converts into steam in the furnace area and the dry and saturated steam is collected in the top portion of the drum. The saturated steam is then superheated superheaters. The superheated steam is called main steam that leaves the boiler at rated pressure and temperature.
Turbine
Turbine is a high speed rotating machine that converts the kinetic energy and pressure energy of the steam into useful work. A turbine generally has three stages viz. High Pressure, Intermediate Pressure and Low Pressure. The main steam enters into HP turbine and after expansion in the turbine the pressure and temperature fall down. The main steam is returned to the boiler for reheating in the Reheater. The Hot Reheated steam is admitted in the intermediate pressure turbine IPT after expansion in the IPT, steam enters into the Low pressure turbine. When the useful work is extracted from the steam, the pressure falls below the atmospheric pressure. Vacuum is maintained in the condenser to create steam flow by means of vacuum pump or steam jet ejectors. Cooling Water flows in the tubes of condenser to cool the steam. The condensate is pumped to the deaerator by condensate extraction pump (CEP) through Low Pressure Heaters where the temperature gain in the condensate is achieved from the heat of extraction steam from the turbine. The deaerator helps to remove the oxygen in the feed water as dissolved oxygen enhances corrosive action.
The feed water from deaerator is pumped to the boiler drum, by Boiler Feed Pump (BFP) through HP heaters and economiser. Boiler Feed Pump is the heart of a thermal power station as it supplies feed water to the boiler continuously.
Generator
Turbine is coupled with the Turbogenerator that normally spins at 3000 rpm in countries with 50 Hz supply frequency or at 3600 rpm in countries with 60 Hz supply frequency. The generated voltage is stepped up in Generator Transformer and the power is evacuated through transmission line feeders.
Handling of Fly Ash
After complete combustion of coal in the furnace, the heat in the flue gas is utilised to preheat the water in the economiser and primary and secondary air in airpreheaters. The fly ash laden gas is evacuated through chimney by Induced Draft fans through Electro Static Precipitators (ESP). Electro Static Precipitators are devices that separate fly ash from the flue gas and thus Solid Particulate Matter in the exit gas is controlled. Apart from fly ash, bottom ash is also collected in the bottom of the furnace and is disposed off in the form of ash slurry in ash dyke.
The hot water discharge from condenser is cooled in cooling towers of Natural Draft or Induced Draft type in closed circuit cooling system. In open circuit cooling system, the hot water is discharged into sea or perennial river in such a way that it does not affect the flora / fauna of the ecosystem. Cooling Water Pumps (CW pumps) pump the cold water stream back to the condenser.
Environmental issues
Though thermal generation is the back bone of our country, the Carbon-di-oxide emission amounts to Green House Gas (GHG) playing a vital role in Global Warming. United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCCC) is working on emission reduction. New technologies like Oxyfuel combustion, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), CO2 capture in flue gas etc., are on the way to mitigate CO2 emission related problems.
