Cultural Heritage in the United States

Rhode Island Historical Society

Text

Benefit Street, Providence

Waterfire

Old Sturbridge Village

Metropolitan Museum of Art

Text

Lower East Side Tenement Museum

Lincoln Center, New York

American Cultural Policy• Not really policy: no big agenda

• Driven by individuals through private donations, subsidized by tax laws

• Government support fragmented at federal, state, local levels

• Politics has always played an important role

• Cultural policy is mostly about funding, not content

Nonprofits

• Outside the US, called NGOs

• Here, called 501(c)3 - based on section of the taxcode

• More than 1.5 million nonprofits in US!

• 112,000 “arts, culture and humanities”

Follow the money

New York City

• Total contributions to “art, culture and humanities” 2005: $13.5 billion ($45/person). Individuals gave 3/4 of that, the rest corporations and foundations

• $20 billion of contributed time

Contributions

• Tax Deductible (as much as 30 percent subsidized by tax deduction)

• 501(c)(3) — Religious, Educational, Charitable, Scientific, Literary, Testing for Public Safety, to Foster National or International Amateur Sports Competition, or Prevention of Cruelty to Children or Animals Organizations

• Must file with IRS each year

Individual Giving

Individual giving

• Companies give to:

• distinguish themselves as leading corporate citizens

• realize the benefits on their reputations and/or bottom lines

• enhance their marketing efforts

• generate goodwill among key constituents.

• Most corporations enter the philanthropic arena to achieve specific business objectives through a program of "good deeds."

Corporate Philanthropy

Corporate Philanthropy-19 percent of corporate philanthropy is for arts-Corporate giving increasingly focused, proactive, and results-oriented

Corporate Philanthropy

Government Funding

Federal funding

Federal funding

• IMLS: $36.5 million for museums

• Corporation for Public Broadcasting: 28% for culture ($129 million)

• Local government funding: $778 million ($123 million NYC!)

Independent federal agency created by Congress in 1965.

NEH is the largest single source of funding for humanities programs in the United States.

Provide significant leveraging of non-federal giving through matching requirements.

Extends its reach through annual operating grants to its partner institutions, the 56 state humanities councils, located in every state and U.S. territory.

National Endowment for the Humanities

"The term 'humanities' includes, but is not limited to, the study of the following: language, both modern and classical; linguistics; literature; history; jurisprudence; philosophy; archaeology; comparative religion; ethics; the history, criticism, and theory of the arts; those aspects of social sciences which have humanistic content and employ humanistic methods; and the study and application of the humanities to the human environment with particular attention to reflecting our diverse heritage, traditions, and history and to the relevance of the humanities to the current conditions of national life.”

National Endowment for the Humanities

NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES

Summary of FY 2008 Budget Request(in thousands of dollars)

FY 2008Appropriation/Program Request

We the People $15,239Digital Humanities Initiative 1,400Federal/State Partnership 31,215Education Programs 11,801Preservation and Access 17,671Public Programs 11,910Research Programs 12,209Program Development 362Subtotal $101,807

Challenge Grants 9,479Treasury Funds 5,031Subtotal $14,510

Administration 25,038TOTAL $141,355

"Treasures of Tutankhamen," the blockbuster exhibition seen by more than 1.5 million people

The Civil War, the landmark documentary by Ken Burns viewed by 38 million Americans

Library of America, editions of novels, essays, and poems celebrating America's literary heritage

United States Newspaper Project, an effort to catalog and microfilm 63.3 million pages of newspapers dating from the early Republic

Fifteen Pulitzer prize-winning books, including those by James M. McPherson, Louis Menand, Joan D. Hedrick, and Bernard Bailyn

Mission: The National Endowment for the Arts is a public agency dedicated to supporting

excellence in the arts, both new and established; bringing the arts to all Americans; and providing

leadership in arts education.Vision: A nation in which artistic excellence is

celebrated, supported, and available to all Americans.

National Endowment for the Arts

Largest annual funder of the arts in the United States.

Less than 1 percent of total arts philanthropy in the U.S

Powerful multiplying effect -- each grant dollar typically generating seven to eight times more money in matching grants.

An independent federal agency, the National Endowment for the Arts is the official arts organization of the United States government. No other federal agency or private organization facilitates nationwide access to exceptional art.

National Endowment for the Arts

Creativity and Aging in America designed to actively engage older Americans in quality arts programs.

Save America's Treasures -- for preservation and/or conservation work on nationally significant intellectual and cultural artifacts and nationally significant historic structures and sites.

American Masterpieces: Visual Arts Touring -- the creation and touring of major exhibitions, art of the highest quality -- that otherwise would not be available -- will be experienced by Americans in communities across the nation.

Arts Indemnity Program -- indemnification against loss or damage for eligible art works, artifacts, and objects in domestic and international exhibitions.

State appropriations -- major source of funding for the arts with aggregate state arts appropriations of approximately $360 million annually.

Assure greater spread -- Support of community programs, artist residencies, touring, and other activities, state arts agencies make arts programs available to Americans in every Congressional district throughout the nation.

Cooperation among states – State arts agencies and regional arts organizations work together to support multi-state touring programs that give our citizens greater access to excellence in the arts.

Extend the reach -- Advance our agency’s goals and respond to the needs of citizens throughout the nation.

• Museum grants: $24,777,000

• Museum conservation: $4,615,000

• Museum National Leadership Project:$8,210,000

• African American History and Culture: $1,350,000

• Total museum request 2008: $38,952,000

Institute for Museum and Library Services

• Department of Education: “Teaching American History: $120 million

• Department of Interior:

• NPS cultural parks: ???

• NPS Historic Preservation:

• Save America’s Treasures $20 million

• Preserve America: $10 million

• SHPO: $45 million

• Tribal Historic preservation: $6.5

•

Other public humanities funding

• The Please Touch Museum in Philadelphia: $5.2 million since 2001• Anchorage Museum of History and Art’s Transit Intermodel Depot: $1.5

million• Youth Health Museum, also known as the Youzeum, in Boone County,

Missouri which received $750,000 in fiscal year 2006.• Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services received $550,000

for construction of a museum and $600,000 for museum expansion. This project was guilty of the same offense in fiscal year 2005 when it received $100,000 for exhibits and museum programs and $169,750 for construction of the museum.

• “the poster child of pork,” the Sparta Teapot Museum, located in Sparta, North Carolina: $250,000 for the teapot museum.

• ! ! --from Citizens Against Government Waste

Earmarks for Museums

Topical Heading

School ImprovementProgram Title

Educational, Cultural, Apprenticeship, and Exchange Programs for Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, and Their Historical Whaling and Trading Partners in Massachusetts

CFDA # (or ED #)

84.215Y

Administering Office

Office of Innovation and Improvement (OII)

Who May Apply (specifically)

This program is for the Alaska Native Heritage Center in Anchorage, Alaska; the Inupiat Heritage Center in Barrow, Alaska; the Bishop Museum in Honolulu, Hawaii; the Peabody-Essex Museum in Salem, Mass.; the New Bedford Whaling Museum, in partnership with the New Bedford Oceanarium in New Bedford, Mass.; other Alaska Native and native Hawaiian cultural and education organiza-tions; and beginning with FY 2006, any federally recognized tribe in Mississippi (the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians is currently the only participating tribe). The program also funds cultural and education organizations with experience in developing or operating programs that illustrate and interpret the contributions of Alaska Natives, native Hawaiians, and the whaling industry—and interpret how the China Trade contributed—to the economic, social, and environmental history of the United States. Also eligible to apply are consortia of the above-named organizations and entities.

Current Competitions

None in FY 2006. FY 2005 funds support continuation awards to specific entities designated in the statute.

Type of Assistance (specifically)

The statute earmarks funds for certain entities in Alaska, Hawaii, Mississippi, and Massachusetts.

Appropriations

Fiscal Year 2004 $8,449,850

Fiscal Year 2005 $8,630,400

Fiscal Year 2006 $8,910,000

Fiscal Year 2006 Awards Information

Note: The Department is not bound by any estimates in this notice.

Number of New Awards Anticipated: 1Average New Award: $1,485,000

Number of Continuation Awards: 5Average Continuation Award: $1,485,000

Legislative Citation

Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, as amended, Title V, Part D, Subpart 12.

Program Regulations

EDGAR

School Improvement 353

Smithsonian Institution

• Federal appropriation for fiscal year 2010 is $761.4 million.

• The Institution is about 65 percent federally funded

• $405 million in private funding

Smithsonian

National Park Service•  FY 2010 federal budget: $3.16

billion, 21,574 employees

• Recreation Fees: approximately $190 million per year

• Park Concessions Franchise Fees: approximately $60 million per year

• 137,000 volunteers donated 5.2 million hours at a value of $91.2 million.

Rhode Island Historical Society

• Private donors • Bank of America--

Museums on Us • 1772 Foundation: John

Brown House• Champlin Foundation:

John Brown house• The Levy Foundation • The Society of the

Cincinnati

• Teaching American History grant (DOE)

• IMLS • The John H. Chaffee

Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor Commission

• The Tourism Council--City of Providence

• The State of RI• The RIHPHC

An example: Rhode Island Historical Society

Expenses

Expenses

AS220

Text

Benefit Street, Providence

National Historic Preservation Act of 1966

Congress broadened the federal government’s concept of historic preservation to include sites, objects, districts and structures of national, state, and local significance.

“The historical and cultural foundations of the nation should be preserved as a living part of our community life and development in order to give a sense of orientation to the American people.”

Standards for National Register Nominations

The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and:

A. That are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or

B. That are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or

C. That embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or

D. That have yielded or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or

Historic Preservation • Federal historic protection (National

Register) - only applies to entities receiving federal funds

• State - tax advantages for historic investment; State Historic Preservation Officers (SHPOs) nominate to National Register

• Local - control of zoning, etc.

Process

Setting standards or criteria

Survey to locate and describe

Evaluating resources against standard

Giving those that qualify “official status”

Following up with protective measures (plaque, restrictions, grants or tax relief)

STANDARDS FOR REVIEW -- PROVIDENCE HISTORIC DISTRICT COMMISSION

While exterior changes in the districts are inevitable, they may be guided so that the character and integrity of the structure and the district is respected. Each application is reviewed on a case by case basis in accordance with PHDC Standards and Guidelines. The following general standards are used in making determinations on an application:

1. Original or historically significant materials and/or features of a structure or site shall be maintained and repaired, rather than replaced, whenever possible.

2. If replacement of existing materials or features is necessary, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities.

3. Replacement of missing features should be based on documentary, physical or pictorial evidence.

4. Every reasonable effort shall be made to require minimum alteration of the building, structure, site or environment.

5. Each property shall be recognized as a product of its own time. Alterations that have no historical basis and seek to create a false sense of historical development shall be discouraged.

6. Changes to a building or site which have taken place over time are evidence of its history and development. These changes that have acquired significance in their own right shall be recognized and preserved.

7. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a historic property shall be treated with sensitivity.

8. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be compatible with the massing, size, scale and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and site.

9. Wherever possible, new additions or alterations to structures shall be done in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the structure and the site would be unimpaired.

Providence’s rules for “certificate of appropriateness”

Contributed income Annual fund 405,004 10% Restricted support 949,035 24% Department of Education (Program Support) 1,028,384 26% Special events (net of direct costs) 43,176 1% Other unrestricted support 142,623 4% Total Contributed income 2,568,222 66%

Debt Service un-restricted support 142,974 4% Capital Campaign 150,223 4% Endowment support (5%) 220,000 6% Total 513,197 13%

Earned income Admissions (net of discounts) 277,722 7% Memberships 163,735 4% Gift shop (net cost of goods sold) 214,765 5% Rental fees (net of discounts) 57,383 1% Film photo 33,718 1% Program ticket and tuition fees 63,549 2% Other earned income 15,482 0% Total 826,354 21%

3,907,773 100%

Endowment, Investments and deferred support

Total Revenue

RevenueNew Bedford Whaling Museum

Salaries -1,246,399 32% Personnel -327,250 8% Capital campaign -156,621 4% Legal, consultant and accounting -210,697 5% Insurance and security -97,619 3% Education, programs, and exhibitions -1,089,111 28% Debt service -129,418 3% Facilities -412,010 11% Marketing -52,507 1% Travel and entertainment -27,543 1% Supplies -43,838 1% Printing/ postage -27,211 1% Miscellaneous -49,111 1%

-3,869,335 100%

38,438

Expenses

Total Expenses

NET SURPLUS/(DEFICIT)

Expenses

The nonprofit arts and culture are a $111.81 million industry in the City of Providence

supports 2,759 full-time equivalent jobs and

generates $11.08 million in local and state government revenue.

Nonprofit arts and culture organizations, which spend $40.63 million annually, leverage a $71.18 million in additional spending by arts and culture audiences

http://www.providenceri.com/ArtCultureTourism/ProvidenceRI_FinalReport.pdf

Department of Art, Culture and TourismEconomic Impact

Established in 1967, the RI State Council on the Arts (RISCA) is charged by the state legislature to stimulate public interest and participation in the arts and to serve as the liaison to the state arts community.

Vision-- We envision a Rhode Island where all people have an opportunity to participate in the arts, where the arts contribute to the social, economic and educational well-being of our state, and where the arts are valued by all Rhode Islanders as an integral part of life.

Mission -- The Rhode Island State Council on the Arts serves as a catalyst for the advancement, appreciation and promotion of excellence in the arts, by encouraging leadership, participation, and education in the arts for all Rhode Islanders.

Rhode Island Council for the Arts

Stimulate public interest and participation in the arts and to serve as the liaison to the state arts community.

Stimulate the growth of the state's arts and the public's participation in themSurvey and assess the needs of the arts state-wide, and to make recommendations to the Governor and the General Assembly

Provide educational opportunities in the arts

Actively support and encourage the expansion of the state's cultural resources

Promote and protect freedom of artistic expression

RISCA -- http://www.arts.ri.gov/

…funds and develops programs that inspire and support intellectual curiosity and imagination in all Rhode Islanders through lifelong learning in the humanities.

But what does that really mean? We ignite interest in history, culture, literature, and other humanities fields. We provoke thoughtful conversation, critical thinking, and civilized debate.We spark imagination and encourage creative viewpoints.We engage diverse audiences and collaborate with a broad spectrum of individuals and organizations.We tell stories—stories of human struggle and success, conflict and community.We invite participation and new ideas. We share the meaning and value of the humanities.We explore and promote civic responsibility. We support efforts that promote lifelong learning.

RI Council for the Humanities -- http://

Major grants of over $2000 - annual to non-profit organizations to support public humanities projects - research and content development for live public programs as well as media programs up to $5000. Project formats include: talks and lectures, historical dramatizations, panel discussions, book or film discussions, workshops, museum interpretations and public exhibits, oral histories, Teacher Institutes and the development of educational materials, documentary films, and radio programs.

Monthly Mini grants up to $2000 are awarded on a monthly basis to non-profit organizations to support public humanities programs and to individual researchers to support research in the humanities.

Special Initiative grants support both major and mini grant projects that are inspired by and respond to criteria deriving from the Council’s Area of Inquiry theme.

RI Council for the Humanities http://www.rihumanities.org/

"The arts, instead of quaking along the periphery of our policy concerns, must push boldly into the core of policy. The arts are a response to our individuality and our nature and help to shape our identity.”

! ! ! ! ! ! – Congresswoman Barbara Jordan"Creative people have always gravitated to certain kinds of

communities, such as the Left Bank in Paris or New York’s Greenwich Village. Such communities provide the stimulation, diversity and a richness of experiences that are the wellsprings of creativity.”! ! – Richard Florida in The Rise and Fall of the Creative Class

Department of Art, Culture and TourismVision for Art & Culture in Providence

· A cabinet-level director advocates and promotes arts and culture·Partnership with the Providence Tourism Council and the Providence/

Warwick Convention & Visitors Bureau ·Creating a Providence Film Advisory Panel ·Partnerships with NPOs to provide public programming·Close coordination with the Department of Planning and Providence

Economic Development Partnership (PEDP) ·A relationship with the Providence School Department ·Create Mayor’s Arts, Culture, and Tourism Advisory Board ·A mission to work closely with the private sector·Work cooperatively with the state and federal government ·Serve as the designated "local arts agency" for the City,

Department of Art, Culture and Tourism Structure and Services

Designed for artists who are living within the Arts and Entertainment District boundaries and selling their work there, granting them state income tax exemption on all personal income from the sale of their art and allowing their work to be sold tax-free.

The Tax Administrator will send out an evaluator from the Rhode Island State Council on the Arts to assess the artwork and determine whether it qualifies as “one of a kind” and “limited,” the guidelines of which are outlined in the state legislation.

Tax Incentives for Artists in the Arts and Entertainment District of Providence