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GREECE or HELLAS
Hellas from prefix - el- that means sunand -las - which means rock or stone.So Hellas is the land of the sun and the rock. And in fact, these are the features of the country.And these features contributed to shaping the character and culture of the Greek.
Olympic flame ceremony in ancient Olympia.The torch is lit using the sun’s rays and a mirror.
….butwhat is culture?
Culture is …
…our language
Phaistos Disc
(17th century BC)
It is believed to be a document in an archaic form of Greek.
Ostracon - piece of pottery- bearing the name of Cimon. 486 BC
Άξιον ΕστίΤη γλώσσα μου έδωσαν ελληνική·Μονάχη έγνοια η γλώσσα μου στις αμμουδιές του Όμηρου. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Μονάχη έγνοια η γλώσσα μου, με τα πρώτα Δόξα Σοι!………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Μονάχη έγνοια η γλώσσα μου, με τα πρώτα λόγια του Ύμνου!
Worthy it isI was given the Greek language;My only care my language on Homer’s beaches.………………………………………………………………………………………………………My only care my language with the first Glory to Thee!………………………………………………………………………………………………………My only care my language with the first words of the Hymn!
(Odysseas Elytis Nobel Price 1979Translated by Jeffrey Carson and Nikos Sarris)
Graffiti on a wall somewhere in Athens
• The official language of Greece is Greek, spoken by 99% of the population.
In addition, a number of minority languages and some Greek dialects are spoken as well.• The main minority languages in Greece are : Albanian, Aromanian, Turkish and Slavic.
• Immigrant languages are mostly : Armenian , Assyrian Neo-Aramaic , English , Kurdish, Russian, Serbian, Arabic.
• The most common foreign languages learned by Greeks are English, French, German, Spanish and Italian.
Some facts about language
Culture is …
…our history
The rape of Europa. Ancient Greek myth.
Battle of Marathon 490 BC
Alexander the Great. 356-323. King of the Macedon.
Medieval castles in
Greece
Byzantine coins
Grateful Hellas. (1858) Greece among warriors and heroes.
The heroines of 1940
marble panel Part of the marble panel “Memories of Pindos”
Knitting for the soldiers at
war. (Coloured lithograph poster)
Coloured poster
Children’s drawings inspired by the Athens Polytechnic School uprising against the military junta.
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
1981. Greece becomes member of the EU.
Culture is …
…our music
Harpist. The harp player. 2700 to 2300 BC.
The musical theory of Pythagoras.Pythagoras (570 – 495 BC) discovered that musical notes could be translated into mathematical equations.
Traditional Greek musical instruments
Domna Samiou.Great Folk singer
Greek Folk musicians
Macedonian street bands playing brass instruments.
Great Greek musicians
Dimitris Mitropoulos Iannis Xenakis
Mikis Theodorakis Manos Hatzidakis
The Athens Concert Hall
Culture is...
…our literature
HomerThe author of the Iliad and Odyssey. (about 850 BC)
Iliad, Book VIII, lines 245–53, Greek manuscript, late 5th, early 6th centuries AD.
Erotokritos. A romance composed by Vincenzo Kornaros . (early 17th century)
Dionysios Solomos (1798 -1857) The national poet of Greece.
• The national poet of Greece
From Hymn to Liberty, a poem written by Dionysios Solomos ,and National Anthem of Greece
Greek Nobel laureates in literature
George Seferis. Nobel Prize 1963 Odyseas Elytis. Nobel Price 1979
National Library of Greece
Culture is …
…our dances
Marble relief from the archaic period (800 BC- 480 BC) showing dancing men.
Culture is…
… theatre
Ancient theatre masks (1st century BC).
Drama performance at the ancient theatre of Epidaurus.
Odeon of Herodes Atticus
Odeon Herodus Atticus.Stone theatre located on the slope of the Acropolis of Athens.
National Theatre of Greece
….and cinema
Theodoros Aggelopoulos
Culture is…
...art
Spring. Wall painting from Thira. 17th Century BC
Red figure and black figure vases. 600- 500 BC.
The famous statue of Heniochus (the charioteer) 478 BC.
El Greco
Dormition of the Virgin 1565
Olive harvesting. 1933Painting by Theofilos (major folk painter).
Contemporary artists
Kostas Tsoklis Alekos Fasianos
Street art in Thessaloniki
Umbrellas. Contemporary work of art.(artist: G. Zoggolopoulos)
Culture is ……the architectural
monuments
Mycenae. The Lion Gate1700 BC
The palace of Knossos in Crete. 1500 BC
The Acropolis of Athens
The Erechtheum
Propylaia (the gateway)
The Parthenon
Stoa of Attalos 138 BC
Tower houses in Mani
Santorini. The world’s best Island according to BBC in 2011.
The new Acropolis Museum.Opened to public in 2009.
Culture is …
…our religion
The oracle of Delphi.The Tholos and the treasuries at the Athena Pronaia sanctuary.
A historic Byzantine church on the island of Paros. The church dates to 326AD.
Panagia Ekatontapyliani (the Church of 100 Doors)
Osios LoukasHistoric Monastery. (early 10th century)
Mount Athos. “ The Holy Mountain”. It is home to 20 Orthodox monasteries.
Some facts about religion• The Greek population is composed of a 97% of Christian
Orthodox. The rest of the population is Muslim, Roman Catholic and Jewish.
• For historical reasons the Muslim minority resides in Thrace.• Greek Catholics number about 0.5% of the population. A large number of Catholics live in the Cyclades, where Syros and Tinos have entirely Catholic villages and parishes. • The Jewish community currently amounts to roughly 5,000
people, concentrated mainly in Athens, Thessaloniki and Ioannina.
Culture is …
…our traditions
Flower wreath to celebrate the first day of May.
Kathara Deftera. Clean Monday. The first day of the lent.
Carnival
ChristmasCarol singing
Christmas tree
and Christmas …boat.
Traditional Christmas sweets
EasterMidnight Service of the Resurrection
Breaking each other’s egg Tsoureki. Easter bread.
ad
Breaking each other’s Easter egg
Culture is …
…our love and care for
the environment
Wind farm
Solar power plant
Culture is …
…what we eat
Goddess Athena donated the Olive tree, according to theGreek Mythology.
Olive oilOlive oil is a versatile ingredient that has been used in cooking for thousands of years.