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Cultural Sensitivity: Training The YEO Dennis White [email protected] www.yeoresources.org. Or … What every YEO should know about training YE participants about culture. This presentation and all others of mine at this conference may be found at www.yeoresources.org - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cultural Sensitivity:Cultural Sensitivity:Training The YEOTraining The YEO
Dennis WhiteDennis [email protected]@itol.com
www.yeoresources.orgwww.yeoresources.org
Or …Or …What every YEO What every YEO
should know about should know about training YE training YE
participants about participants about cultureculture
This presentation and all others of This presentation and all others of mine at this conference may be mine at this conference may be
found at found at www.yeoresources.orgwww.yeoresources.org
When viewed on line, clicking on When viewed on line, clicking on any of the underlined hyperlinks any of the underlined hyperlinks will take the viewer to additional will take the viewer to additional
articles, presentations and articles, presentations and resources.resources.
USA Canada YE Network Conference March 9-11, 2006
Houston, Texas
The ultimate in Multi-tasking?
The best preparation The best preparation is to try to is to try to
understand the understand the conceptconcept of culture of culture
and the idea of and the idea of cultural differencescultural differences
Who needs training in Who needs training in understanding cultural understanding cultural
differences?differences?
IB, OB, RB, Parents, Host IB, OB, RB, Parents, Host parents,YEOsparents,YEOs
EveryoneEveryone in YE in YE
What is culture?What is culture?
• Culture is learned behavior, not Culture is learned behavior, not
hereditary or genetic. hereditary or genetic. • Culture is the acquired knowledge Culture is the acquired knowledge
(not indigenous or instinctual) that (not indigenous or instinctual) that
groups use in order to interpret the groups use in order to interpret the
world around them, to generate social behavior, and to decipher the behavior world around them, to generate social behavior, and to decipher the behavior
of others. of others.
• Culture is everything that is not aCulture is everything that is not a part of nature. part of nature. As an example, a tree is part of the natural world whereas a wooden chair, made from the tree, is part of the multiple inventions As an example, a tree is part of the natural world whereas a wooden chair, made from the tree, is part of the multiple inventions and manifestations of culture. and manifestations of culture.
• Communication, particularly Communication, particularly language, is the foundation oflanguage, is the foundation of culture. Language labels, creates,culture. Language labels, creates, maintains, and transforms culture. maintains, and transforms culture.
Language is not only the way culture is Language is not only the way culture is transmitted – it is one of the lenses transmitted – it is one of the lenses through which culture is createdthrough which culture is created
What do they mean?What do they mean?• You are invited to take You are invited to take advantage of advantage of
the chambermaid.the chambermaid. Japanese Japanese hotelhotel
• I slaughter myself twice daily.I slaughter myself twice daily.
Israeli Israeli butcher butcher • Ladies, leave your clothes here andLadies, leave your clothes here and
have a wonderful time.have a wonderful time. French laundryFrench laundry
““Kept by Thy Kept by Thy tender care, gladly tender care, gladly the cross I‘d bear”the cross I‘d bear”
““Gladly, the cross-Gladly, the cross-eyed bear!”eyed bear!”
““Sleep in heavenly Sleep in heavenly peace.”peace.”
““Sleep in heavenly Sleep in heavenly peas!”peas!”
““Round yon virgin Round yon virgin mother and child.”mother and child.”
““Round John Virgin, Round John Virgin, mother and child!”mother and child!”
What is culture?What is culture?
CultureCultureAn integrated system of An integrated system of
learned behavior patterns learned behavior patterns that are characteristic of that are characteristic of
any given society or group. any given society or group. It refers to the total way It refers to the total way
of life, including how of life, including how people think, feel and people think, feel and
behave.behave.
Metaphorically, culture is the lens Metaphorically, culture is the lens through which we see the world.through which we see the world.
Think of color-blindness as Think of color-blindness as culture-blindnessculture-blindness
You can’t trust You can’t trust your eyes when your eyes when your imagination your imagination is out of focus.is out of focus.
Mark Mark TwainTwain
Ethnocentrism:Ethnocentrism:
The universal The universal tendency for any tendency for any culture to see its culture to see its own values and own values and
practices as natural practices as natural and correct.and correct.
• Native American/First Native American/First Canadian Canadian terms for themselves: terms for themselves: Human Human BeingsBeings
• The Mediterranean SeaThe Mediterranean Sea
• ““China” means “middle earth”China” means “middle earth”
• In Ecuador, the monument at In Ecuador, the monument at the equator is roughly the equator is roughly translated as “The middle of translated as “The middle of the world”the world”
““Americans are a very Americans are a very patriotic people. They are patriotic people. They are very open and they wear very open and they wear their hearts on their sleeves. their hearts on their sleeves. They don’t stand on They don’t stand on ceremony. They take people ceremony. They take people as they are. They make no as they are. They make no distinction about a person’s distinction about a person’s background. background.
They say what they mean, with They say what they mean, with real forcefulness. They invite real forcefulness. They invite you to visit them in their you to visit them in their homes from the moment they homes from the moment they meet you. They are meet you. They are irrepressible, good-humored, irrepressible, good-humored, ambitious and brimming with ambitious and brimming with self-confidence in any self-confidence in any company... company...
… … Aside from all that, I Aside from all that, I have nothing against have nothing against them.”them.”
Ethnorelativism:Ethnorelativism:
The acquired ability The acquired ability to see many values, to see many values, beliefs and behaviors beliefs and behaviors as cultural rather than as cultural rather than
universal.universal.
Developing Intercultural SensitivityDeveloping Intercultural Sensitivity
The Experience of DifferenceThe Experience of Difference
Denial Defense MinimizationDenial Defense Minimization
Ethnocentric StagesEthnocentric Stages Ethnorelative StagesEthnorelative Stages
Acceptance AdaptationAcceptance Adaptation IntegrationIntegration
dev interc sensit non Rotary.ppt
One World or Many.doc
Developing cultural Developing cultural sensitivity and competence sensitivity and competence
requires moving fromrequires moving from
Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism
to to Ethnorelativism Ethnorelativism
““The world in which you were The world in which you were born is just one model of born is just one model of
reality. Other cultures are reality. Other cultures are notnot failed attempts at being like failed attempts at being like
you. They are unique you. They are unique manifestations of the human manifestations of the human
spirit ”. spirit ”. Wade DavisWade Davis
DefensivenessDefensiveness
Recognizing a cultural Recognizing a cultural practice as different but practice as different but labeling it wrong or labeling it wrong or inferior.inferior.Or, by labeling one’s own Or, by labeling one’s own practice superior.practice superior.
Our own culture, or sub-culture, comes to Our own culture, or sub-culture, comes to us as us as naturally and unconsciously as our naturally and unconsciously as our handedness.handedness.
We generally don’t think about what hand We generally don’t think about what hand we we will use to write our names. will use to write our names.
Changing our cultural point of view is Changing our cultural point of view is about asabout as hard as changing our handedness. Both hard as changing our handedness. Both areare possible, but neither is easy. possible, but neither is easy.
..
More easily perceived More easily perceived differences, in language, food, differences, in language, food, dress, etc., may obscure dress, etc., may obscure deeper, more subtle deeper, more subtle differences in values and differences in values and thinking patterns. thinking patterns.
The Cultural The Cultural IcebergIceberg
1/81/8thth above above the surfacethe surface
7/87/8thths below s below the surfacethe surface
Conscious Conscious behaviorsbehaviors
Unconscious Unconscious beliefs and beliefs and
valuesvalues
Fundamentals of Fundamentals of Understanding Understanding
Cultural DifferencesCultural Differencesunderstanding cultural understanding cultural
differences.ppt differences.ppt
Understanding Cultural Understanding Cultural Differences - YEO Differences - YEO
Preconference.doc Preconference.doc
Individualism Group Individualism Group OrientationOrientationFormality Formality InformalityInformalityPast Past Future Future Directness Directness
IndirectnessIndirectness ChangeChange PermanencePermanence
ChangeChange Permanence Permanence
IndividualismIndividualism Group Group orientationorientation
Case study:Case study:
The development of the The development of the personal listening device.personal listening device.
Walkman – Discman – MP3 – Walkman – Discman – MP3 – Ipod Ipod
ChangeChange PermanencePermanence
IndividualismIndividualism
Group Group orientationorientation
Many Middle-Many Middle-Eastern Eastern culturescultures
CultureCulture ShockShock The profound sense of The profound sense of
disorientation and discomfort disorientation and discomfort that comes with extended travel that comes with extended travel or living in a foreign culture or living in a foreign culture markedly different from one’s markedly different from one’s own.own.
Culture Shock and Reverse Culture Shock Culture Shock and Reverse Culture Shock Presentation.pptPresentation.ppt
Culture Shock.doc Culture Shock.doc
Stages of Culture ShockStages of Culture Shock
1.1. Initial excitementInitial excitement
2.2. Irritability and negativenessIrritability and negativeness
3.3. Gradual adaptationGradual adaptation
4.4. BiculturalismBiculturalism
Culture Shock.docCulture Shock.doc
““Some travelers want to Some travelers want to go to foreign places but go to foreign places but are dismayed when the are dismayed when the
places turn out actually to places turn out actually to be foreignbe foreign.”.”
Canadian author Margaret AtwoodCanadian author Margaret Atwood
Culture Shock CycleCulture Shock Cycle
Pre-Departure Months
Normal Level of Feelings
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Return …...
Rotary Youth ExchangeRotary Youth Exchange
Adapted from a model by Robert KohlsAdapted from a model by Robert Kohls
The Middle Wave of The Middle Wave of Culture ShockCulture Shock
The Middle Wave of Culture The Middle Wave of Culture Shock.doc Shock.doc
Reverse Culture ShockReverse Culture Shock
1.1. Initial Euphoria (may be very brief Initial Euphoria (may be very brief or not happen at all)or not happen at all)
2.2. Irritability and Negativism ( may be Irritability and Negativism ( may be very lengthy)very lengthy)
3.3. Gradual AdaptationGradual Adaptation4.4. True Bi-CulturalismTrue Bi-Culturalism Going Home.doc Going Home.doc So You Think You're Home Now.doc So You Think You're Home Now.doc
Culture Shock and Culture Shock and Reverse Culture Shock are Reverse Culture Shock are not just unpleasant side not just unpleasant side effects of international effects of international living.living.
They are the necessary They are the necessary ingredients that bring ingredients that bring about quality exchanges. about quality exchanges.
Be aware of the Be aware of the
Inbound SyndromeInbound Syndrome
The Inbound Syndrome revised.docThe Inbound Syndrome revised.doc
The almost universal The almost universal tendency of expatriates, tendency of expatriates, regardless of country of regardless of country of origin, to bond together as origin, to bond together as “outsiders”.“outsiders”.
It becomes a distinct sub-It becomes a distinct sub-culture, where what is culture, where what is held in common is being held in common is being foreign.foreign.
When you travel, When you travel, remember that a foreign remember that a foreign country is not designed to country is not designed to make make you you comfortable. It comfortable. It is designed to make its is designed to make its own peopleown people comfortable. comfortable.
Clifton Clifton FadimanFadiman
Outbound Exchange Outbound Exchange students need to know students need to know what their own cultural what their own cultural values are – regardless values are – regardless
of the culture of the culture
For students from the For students from the United States, this United States, this
means understanding means understanding American Cultural ValuesAmerican Cultural Values
American American VAlues.pptVAlues.ppt
The Values Americans Live By.docThe Values Americans Live By.doc
The best book I have read for training The best book I have read for training students is: students is:
Survival Kit for Overseas LivingSurvival Kit for Overseas Living
The best book for training host families: The best book for training host families: Host Family Survival KitHost Family Survival Kit
Both can be found at Both can be found at www.interculturalpress.comwww.interculturalpress.com
Along with many more Along with many more outstanding resources: books, outstanding resources: books,
simulations, videos, etc.simulations, videos, etc.
The Value of Simulations, The Value of Simulations, Games and Related ExercisesGames and Related Exercises
What they all offer is for What they all offer is for participants to simulate the participants to simulate the experience of intercultural experience of intercultural interaction, including the interaction, including the
uncertainty, frustration, and uncertainty, frustration, and related emotions that arise.related emotions that arise.
Games, Simulations and Other Learning Games, Simulations and Other Learning Exercises.ppt Exercises.ppt
The Value of Simulations, The Value of Simulations, Games and Related ExercisesGames and Related Exercises
These exercises are only as These exercises are only as valuable as the discussion that valuable as the discussion that
follows – where behavioral follows – where behavioral observations, feelings and observations, feelings and
learning points are discussedlearning points are discussedGames, Simulations and Other Learning Games, Simulations and Other Learning
Exercises.ppt Exercises.ppt
It’s all about process, It’s all about process, eh?eh?
Americans are Americans are benevolently ignorant benevolently ignorant about Canada, while about Canada, while Canadians are Canadians are malevolently well-malevolently well-informed about the United informed about the United States.States. J. Bartlett J. Bartlett BrebnerBrebner
People can learn to look for People can learn to look for issues in crossing cultures in issues in crossing cultures in
popular filmspopular films
Some Films That Present Differences in Some Films That Present Differences in Cultural Values.docCultural Values.doc
Dances With WolvesDances With Wolves
Some Films That Present Differences in Some Films That Present Differences in Cultural Values.docCultural Values.doc
Dances With WolvesDances With Wolves
1. Give two examples of ethnocentrism on the 1. Give two examples of ethnocentrism on the part part of the soldier John Dunbar.of the soldier John Dunbar.2. Give two examples of ethnocentrism on the 2. Give two examples of ethnocentrism on the part part of the Native Americans.of the Native Americans.3. Explain how John Dunbar experiences each 3. Explain how John Dunbar experiences each of of the four stages of culture shock.the four stages of culture shock.4. Property is a culturally-bound concept. 4. Property is a culturally-bound concept. How do How do the Anglo and Native American the Anglo and Native American cultures view cultures view items such as John Dunbar’s items such as John Dunbar’s horse and hat?horse and hat?
Other Study GuidesOther Study Guides
1.1. Dances With WolvesDances With Wolves
2.2. Mr. BaseballMr. Baseball
3.3. The TerminalThe Terminal
I’m working on :I’m working on :► My Big Fat Greek WeddingMy Big Fat Greek Wedding► Bend It Like BeckhamBend It Like Beckham► Robinson Crusoe (1997)Robinson Crusoe (1997)
Reluctant ParentsReluctant Parents
And grandparents, and And grandparents, and teachers, and…?teachers, and…?
International Exchange International Exchange Programs - Are the Educational Programs - Are the Educational Benefits Real ? Benefits Real ?
International Student Exchange International Student Exchange Programs.doc Programs.doc
To know the road To know the road ahead, ask those ahead, ask those coming back.coming back.
Chinese Chinese ProverbProverb
Rebound Training Rebound Training NeedsNeeds
Rebound Training.doc Rebound Training.doc
How I Have Changed?How I Have Changed?How Have I Changed.doc How Have I Changed.doc
An exercise using 44 An exercise using 44 statements that have statements that have
often been identified by often been identified by exchange students as exchange students as
significant changes from significant changes from the experience.the experience.
How I Have ChangedHow I Have Changed
One student’s responseOne student’s response My youth exchange year was one of My youth exchange year was one of
incredible change and growth for me. incredible change and growth for me. In addition to seeing so much of the In addition to seeing so much of the rest of the world, and making such rest of the world, and making such wonderful friends, I changed in ways I wonderful friends, I changed in ways I never knew were possible. never knew were possible.
How I Have ChangedHow I Have Changed
One student’s responseOne student’s response
I am more confident and positive I am more confident and positive when meeting new people. I have a when meeting new people. I have a greater ability to empathize with greater ability to empathize with others and to put myself in their others and to put myself in their place when making judgments. I have place when making judgments. I have greater willingness to take on new greater willingness to take on new roles and tasks. roles and tasks.
How I Have ChangedHow I Have Changed One student’s responseOne student’s response I have more ability to see myself I have more ability to see myself
objectively, in a more realistic objectively, in a more realistic context. I understand more fully my context. I understand more fully my own strengths and weaknesses. I am own strengths and weaknesses. I am more tolerant of ambiguous more tolerant of ambiguous situations and more open to differing situations and more open to differing interpretations of them. I feel greater interpretations of them. I feel greater respect and appreciation for my respect and appreciation for my family. family.
How I Have ChangedHow I Have Changed One student’s response One student’s response
And most of all, I feel more surely And most of all, I feel more surely that common bonds unite all human that common bonds unite all human beings. Thank you, Rotary for the beings. Thank you, Rotary for the best year of my life.best year of my life.
Cultural Sensitivity:Cultural Sensitivity:Training The YEOTraining The YEO
Dennis WhiteDennis [email protected]@itol.com
www.yeoresources.orgwww.yeoresources.org
Dennis White, Ph.D.Dennis White, Ph.D.
207 S. 4th Avenue207 S. 4th Avenue
Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, 54235 Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, 54235 USAUSA
Telephone: 920-746-1346Telephone: 920-746-1346
Fax: 920-746-1347Fax: 920-746-1347
Email: [email protected]: [email protected]
www.yeoresources.orgwww.yeoresources.org