CULTURE 5 Presentation

8/13/2019 CULTURE 5 Presentation

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CULTURE 5

September 2013 to Jan 2014


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Civilizations and Rivers

Egyptians civilizations Nile American Indians Mississippi River

Chinese civilizations Yangtze United Kingdom Thames Indian Civilization - Indus

All civilizations have started where water is found and thus on the bank of rivers.


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Indus Valley Civilization

The history of India begins withevidence of human activity ofHomo sapiens, as long as 75,000years ago. The Indus ValleyCivilization, which spread andflourished in the northwesternpart of the Indian subcontinentfrom c. 3300 to 1300 BCE inpresent-day Pakistan andnorthwest India, was the firstmajor civilizations in South Asia.

Indian civilization was on bank of river Indus and India derived its name from it.


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A very advanced urban cultureis evident in the Indus ValleyCivilization making them thefirst urban centers in the

region. The quality of municipaltown planning suggests theknowledge of urban planningand efficient municipalgovernments which placed ahigh priority on hygiene.

Excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro, withthe Great Bath in the front

How did we find out about this?


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Indus Valley Civilization Trade networks linked this culture with related

regional cultures and distant sources of rawmaterials.

Agriculture included sesame seeds, cotton, . Harappans evolved some new techniques in

metallurgy and produced copper, bronze, lead, andtin. Also known as Iron Age & Bronze Age.

The IVC may have been the first civilization to usewheeled transport. These advances may haveincluded bullock carts that are identical to those seenthroughout South Asia today.


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Indus Valley Civilization The IVC may have been the first civilization to use

wheeled transport. These advances may haveincluded bullock carts that are identical to thoseseen throughout South Asia today.

Archaeologists have discovered a massive, dredgedcanal and docks at the coastal city of Lothal inwestern India (Gujarat state).

Construction system was advanced. Houses weremade of burned bricks.

At peak of civilization there were 5 million people. Accurate measurement system of weight and

length.


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Ancient Lothal Dock


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Vedic Times

Aryans migrated from the west.Came from Hindu Kushmountain and thus wordHindus.

From Indus river the civilizationspreads to Ganga and Yamunato the east.

The Vedic period lasted for fewthousand years, laying thefoundations of Hinduism andother cultural aspects of earlyIndian society.


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Symbol of swastik is for allgood occasions

Ramayan and Mahabharat Yoga Ayurveda science of food and herbs Vedic mathematics

Astrology & Astronomy And many many more


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About Vedas The Vedas are considered the earliest literary record of Indo-

Aryan civilization, and the most sacred books of India. Veda means wisdom, knowledge or vision, and it manifests

the language of the gods in human speech. The 4 types of Vedas

o Rigvedao Yajurvedao Samaveda

o Arthrvaveda Each Veda consists of four parts the Samhitas (hymns), the

Brahmanas (rituals), the Aranyakas (theologies) and theUpanishads (philosophies). The collection of mantras or

hymns is called the Samhita.


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The Upanishads form the concluding portions of theVeda and therefore called the Vedanta or the end ofthe Veda and contains the essence of Vedic teachings.

There are 1179 Upanishads. Of these there are 108 aremost important.

Rigveda : hymns of praise, oldest veda Yajurveda: special direction and formulas for the

performance of rituals and ceremonies Sama veda: melodies and songs to be chanted at

rituals, the most voluminous of the four vedas Atharva veda: mystical formulas that paved way for

modern sciencehttp://hinduism.about.com/cs/vedasvedanta/a/aa120103a.htm
http://hinduism.about.com/cs/vedasvedanta/a/aa120103a.htmhttp://hinduism.about.com/cs/vedasvedanta/a/aa120103a.htmhttp://hinduism.about.com/cs/vedasvedanta/a/aa120103a.htmhttp://hinduism.about.com/cs/vedasvedanta/a/aa120103a.htm


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Why study Vedas? Study of veda is done not only in India but there are universities

around the world. They have proper curriculum and they awarddegrees. The study is adapted for healing and wellness.

The yoga/asanas is taught and done by millions around the world The vedic mathematics, science, astrology and astronomy is taught

learned and is considered perfect by current astronomers. The practice of meditation taught in vedas is done by thousands

around the world to bring peace and heal pains that medicinescannot heal.

Ayurvedic form of diet, medicine is considered wholesome andwithout side effects. Ayurvedic medicines is alternative form ofmedicine.

The rituals for each part of life from birth to death are taught inthese vedas and is still practiced by Indians around the world. Thesanskrit chanting has powerful impact on mind, body and soul.


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After Vedic Age In the later Vedic Age, a number of small kingdoms or city

states had covered the subcontinent. Some of these kings were hereditary; other states elected

their rulers. The educated speech at that time was Sanskrit,while the languages of the general population of northernIndia are referred to as Prakrit.

Mahavir spread Jainism and Buddha spread Buddhism.


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Different Reigns

Guptas Mauryas Kushan Empire Chauhan Chalukya dynasty Rashtrakuta dynasty Pala Empire Chola dynasty


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Famous people & Kings

Aryabhatta great mathematician Kalidas great poet Dhanvantari great surgeon Charak great medical books Chankya great polician Chandragupta Maurya Vikramaditya King Ashoka


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The world's first University was established in Takshila or Taxila or Takshashila (now inPakistan) in 700BC. This centre of learning was situated about 50 km west of Rawalpindi in

Pakistan. It was an important Vedic/Hindu and Buddhist center of learning.


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Nalanda was one of the world's first residential universities, i.e., it had dormitories forstudents. It is also one of the most famous universities. In its heyday, it accommodated over10,000 students and 2,000 teachers. Chinese pilgrims estimated the students between

3,000 and 5,000. The university was considered an architectural masterpiece, and wasmarked by a lofty wall and one gate.


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King Ashoka

During his lifetime, the king's reputationchanged. Early on, he was known for hiscruelty, but later, for his great acts and edicts.

He emphasized non-violence (Korom) andtolerance for other religions. The nobler phase of his reign followed

Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism, which cameafter he had seen a far too bloody war inKalinga, in c. 265.


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The pillars of Ashoka are manycolumns dispersed throughoutthe northern Indian inscribed

with edicts by the Mauryanking Ashoka during his reign inthe 3rd century BC.

The most celebrated capital (the

four-lion one at Sarnath (UttarPradesh) erected by EmperorAshoka circa 250 BC. also calledthe "Asoka Column" . Four lionsare seated back to back. Atpresent the Column remains inthe same place whereas the LionCapital is at the Sarnath Museum.


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Aryabhatta Aryabhata the great astronomer and

mathematician lived during the Gupta period. Hewas convinced that it was really the earth thatwas moving not the stars.

He has written about Pie Area of the circle Algebra Trigonometry Solar system eclipses


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Chankaya

Chanakya was an Indian teacher, philosopher,and royal advisor. Originally a professor ofeconomics and political science at the ancientTakshashila University, Chanakya managed thefirst Maurya emperor Chandragupta's rise topower at a young age.


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Story of

Buddha

https://sites.google.com/site/pbckidscorner/social-summary
https://sites.google.com/site/pbckidscorner/social-summaryhttps://sites.google.com/site/pbckidscorner/social-summary


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Story of Mahavir and birth of Jainism Mahavira (599 BCE527 BCE), also known as Vardhamana , was

the twenty-fourth and last tirthankara of Jainism. He was born into a royal family in what is now Bihar, India. At the age of 30 he left his home in pursuit of spiritual

awakening (Diksha). For the next 12 and a half years he practiced intense meditation

and severe penance, after which he achieved Kevala Jnana orenlightenment.

He travelled all over India for the next 30 years to teach hisphilosophy which is based on ahimsa (non-violence), satya(truthfulness), asteya (nonstealing), brahmacharya and

aparigraha (non attachment). Mahavira attained nirvana after his physical death at the age of

72. He was one of the most popular propagators of Jainism, andhe is regarded as a reformer of Jainism rather than its founder.


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Guru Nanak andSikhisim

Founder Guru Nanak There is only one path of

God-share with others-be honest-meditate the name of God

There are 10 Gurus. Their holy book is Guru

Granth Sahib which isconsidered the living Guru.

Their holy place isHarimandir Sahib (Goldentemple) in Amritsar Panjab.


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Story of

Mirabai

http://www.biographyonline.net/spiritual/mirabai.html
http://www.biographyonline.net/spiritual/mirabai.htmlhttp://www.biographyonline.net/spiritual/mirabai.html


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Story ofNarsinhMehta

http://www.baps.org/Article/2011/Narsinh-Mehta-2116.aspx
http://www.baps.org/Article/2011/Narsinh-Mehta-2116.aspxhttp://www.baps.org/Article/2011/Narsinh-Mehta-2116.aspx


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Story ofTulsidas

http://www.dlshq.org/saints/tulsidas.htm
http://www.dlshq.org/saints/tulsidas.htmhttp://www.dlshq.org/saints/tulsidas.htm


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Story of

Surdas

http://chandrakantha.com/biodata/surdas.html
http://chandrakantha.com/biodata/surdas.htmlhttp://chandrakantha.com/biodata/surdas.html


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Story of

Kabir

http://www.poemhunter.com/kabir/biography/
http://www.poemhunter.com/kabir/biography/http://www.poemhunter.com/kabir/biography/


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Muslim Rulers Traders had been looting Indian since 1001. Some of the infamous

kings who have looted India and ruined the beautiful monumentsare Mahmud of Ghazi Mohammed of Ghor When Ghor died in 1206, one of his generals, Qutb-ud-din, ruled

the far north from the Sultanate of Delhi, while the southernmajority of India was free from the invaders. Turkish kings ruled the Muslim acquisition until 1397, when the

Mongols invaded under Timur Lang (Tamerlane) and ravaged the entire region..

However, there have been great Muslim kings who have made Indiaand Indians rich.

Persian King (todays Iran) BABUR was very tolerant and wrote onHindu culture

Babur died in 1530, leaving behind a harried and ineffective son,HUMAYUN.


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Humayun's own son, Akbar,however, would be the greatestMughal ruler of all. He was greatwarrior. Became king at age of13. Tolerant to other religions.

Akbars son was Jahangir Jahangirs son Shah Jahan He tried to conquer the south. Shah Jahan built

the Taj Majal (his favorite wife'stomb),

the Pearl Mosque, the Royal Mosque, and the Red Fort. This increased taxes and

distressed the people, and underthis scenario his son Aurungzebeimprisoned him, seeking powerfor himself in 1658.

Aurangzeb was great warrior butintolerant to other religions. Hecould not defeat Marathas.


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Taj Mahal of AgraRed Fort of Delhi

Fatehpur Sikri


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The MarathasGreat King ChhatrapatiShivaji was not defeatedby Aurangzeb. AfterAurangzeb the empire wasestablished in the northand south.The great kings

Shivaji Shambhaji Rajaram Shahu

Baji Rao Balaji Baji RaoThe empire was laterdivided into small statesand they were defeated

by the British.


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Lakshmi Vilas Palace of Baroda

Tanjaur temple and SaraswatiMahal in Tanjaur

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CULTURE 5 Presentation