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Cultures of the World - Trouble with Tourists

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Level 1- Love Your History

Hong Kong's Heritage [1] Hong Kong needs its tourists. In 2013, over 54 million of them came to the city, over half of them staying overnight. They spent, on average, over HK$8,000 each. That's a lot of money being brought into the city. But why should tourists come to Hong Kong, instead of other Asian cities like Singapore or Bangkok or Kuala Lumpur? [2] Tourists want to see something different. They don't want the same experience everywhere they go. Therefore, Hong Kong needs to hang onto the things that make it different and make sure it advertises and promotes and preserves those. What makes Hong Kong different from other Chinese cities? It's colonial past. [3] Some say that what makes Hong Kong great is its diversity. There are modern skyscrapers made of glass and steel – being built with scaffolding made from bamboo. The endless tower blocks are packed close together, and overlook huge green parks. There are golden sand beaches near one of the world's most significant financial districts. And then there are the off-islands, unique little carless environments with traditional houses and winding walkways. [4] Hong Kong takes hold of everything that is modern, and adds an extra twist. The MTR is one of the best, most efficient subway systems in the world; lines of commuters check their phones and tablets as they head into work. Above them, ancient double-decker trams rattle along their rails. On The Peak, next to some of the most glamorous new-build homes in the world, there are beautiful old colonial houses with huge gardens and, when the weather allows, spectacular views. [5] There is world-class designer shopping, with malls bursting with Chanel and Prada stores. And then there are the street markets full of bargains, along with the Flower Market, the Goldfish Market, and the Bird Market. The city feels as if it is fully awake 24 hours a day, but you can still find quiet retreats if you head off to the New Territories and the national parks. [6] Sitting looking over Victoria Harbour is probably the easiest way to see the contrasts of Hong Kong. The skyscrapers tower over the water, and then the Star Ferry comes into view. The Aqualuna's red sail goes by. You can see the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club, hideaway for expats for over a century.


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[7] Hong Kong needs to take care of its colonial heritage so that it will continue to stand out from the crowd and attract millions of tourists for years to come. Reading Questions

1. In 2013, what did over half of the tourists coming to Hong Kong do?

� Sleep in the city overnight � Avoid the city at night � Spend HK $8,000 each day � Travel there by train

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 1: “...over half of them staying overnight.” 2. In 2013, about how many tourists visited Hong Kong?

� 45 million � 50 million � 8 million � 54 million

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 1: “In 2013, over 54 million of them came to the city.” 3. Find words in paragraph 3 that could be replaced by the following:

− Fantastic... Great/ great − Stylish... Modern/modern − Enormous... Huge/huge − Tight... Close/close

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 3: “...great is its diversity.” “There are modern skyscrapers...” “... overlook huge green parks.” “ ... packed close together...” 4. What is special about the MTR in Hong Kong?

� It is the oldest subway system in the world � It is the most used subway system in the world � It is the most efficient subway system in the world � It is the most beautiful subway system in the world


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Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 4: “The MTR is one of the best, most efficient subway systems in the world...” 5. Who does 'they' refer to in paragraph 2, “They don’t want the same experience everywhere they go”?

� People living in Hong Kong � Tourists � Commuters in the city � Businessmen

Explanation: This is a structural question. Refer to paragraph 2: “Tourists want to see something different. They don't want the same experience everywhere they go.” 6. What is the best definition of “unique”, used in paragraph 3?

� Small � Clean � Different � Pretty

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 3: “And then there are the off-islands, unique little carless environments...” 7. Find words or phrases in paragraphs 5 and 6 that mean the opposite of the following:

− Asleep... Awake/awake − Loud... Quiet/quiet − Hardest... Easiest/easiest

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraphs 5 and 6: “...it is fully awake...” and “ ... still find quiet retreats...” and “ ...probably the easiest way to see...”. 8. The style of this piece is...

� descriptive � academic � formal � angry

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to the whole piece.


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9. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this piece? � to argue � to inform � to list � to debate

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to the whole piece. 10. Who is the writer's target audience?

� The general public � People living in Hong Kong � Tourists � The government

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to the whole piece. 11. Which word can best replace 'therefore' in paragraph 2, “Therefore, Hong Kong needs to hang on...”?

� because � consequently � some say � but

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 2: “Therefore, Hong Kong needs to hang onto the things that make it different...” 12. What does the final paragraph suggest will help Hong Kong continue to receive tourists?

� Looking after its colonial heritage � Lowering prices in shops � Making the city less crowded � Cleaning up the city

Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 5: “Hong Kong needs to take care of its colonial heritage so that it will continue to stand out from the crowd...”


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13. Which word in paragraph 4 means the same as 'old'? − Ancient/ancient

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 4: “Above them, ancient double-decker trams...” 14. Which two peaceful places does paragraph 5 suggest you can visit?

− The New Territories and some national parks Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 5: “...you can still find quiet retreats if you head off to the New Territories and the national parks.” 15. What is being described in the first half of paragraph 4?

� The subway system � Golden sand beaches � Financial districts � Shopping malls

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 4: “The MTR is one of the best, most efficient subway systems in the world...”. 16. Which word means the opposite of “contrasts” in paragraph 6: “Sitting looking over Victoria Harbour is probably the easiest way to see the contrasts of Hong Kong”?

� Similarities � Colours � Buildings � People

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 6: “Sitting looking over Victoria Harbour is probably the easiest way to see the contrasts of Hong Kong.”


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17. Decide if the following are true, false, or not given.

Statement TRUE FALSE Not Given

The street markets in Hong Kong are the cheapest in the world. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 5: “And then there are the street markets full of bargains...”

X

Hong Kong has great diversity Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 3: “...what makes Hong Kong great is its diversity.”

X

Chanel and Prada stores are found in shopping malls. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 5: “There is world-class designer shopping, with malls bursting with Chanel and Prada stores.”

X

Many of the skyscrapers in Hong Kong are old. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 3. “There are modern skyscrapers...”

X

18. What is the main theme of paragraph 5?

� Shopping � Victoria harbour � People � Money

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to paragraph 5.


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19. Complete the sentence using appropriate words from paragraph 6: − The giant buildings tower over the harbour and the Star Ferry appears.

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 6: “The skyscrapers tower over the water, and then the Star Ferry comes into view.” 20. In your own words, explain how Hong Kong is a modern city.

− Sample answer: Hong Kong is a modern city because it has the most efficient subway system in the world. It also has glamorous newly built homes and modern skyscrapers. The city has world-class designer shopping centres and one of the world’s most important financial districts.

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to the whole piece.


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Level 2- Cultural Clashes Mainlanders in Hong Kong [1] Some Hong Kong residents are starting to become annoyed by the huge numbers of Mainlanders who visit the city – usually on shopping trips. The situation has reached the point that new laws have had to be put in place so, for example, you can now only take out two tins of baby milk powder with you when leaving the city. These are the people who are starting to annoy the Hong Kongers, because they are taking up so much space on the MTR, in restaurants and shopping malls, and making life difficult for those locals. [2] In Kowloon, protests were organised by one group. People took suitcases with them – the suitcase is seen as something that all mainland Chinese shoppers bring – and ran around shouting, 'I have come to buy baby milk powder' in broken Mandarin at visitors. [3] There are websites asking people to send photos for the theme of 'Spot the Mainlander'. More often than not, these are images taken of people letting their children use the street as a toilet. There are photos of young children and babies being held over bins, over drains, and over MTR tracks. The Hong Kong government tells residents that they must 'tolerate' the Mainlanders, but some are fed up with it. [4] The government has issued a statement saying that people trying to 'insult and humiliate tourists' will now be breaking the law, and there are talks of new laws being created to protect mainland Chinese tourists. But in 2012, a survey by the University of Hong Kong found that just 28% of Hong Kongers viewed Mainlanders positively. It's going to be hard to pass laws in that environment. [5] 'Birth tourism' has also been a problem, with Mainlanders coming to Hong Kong to give birth so that they automatically have a right to stay in the city. New laws will stop this being allowed, unless the woman has a Hong Kong husband. [6] Are Hong Kongers just being arrogant, thinking they are better than Mainlanders? Is it just a few Mainlanders making the rest of them look bad? What do you think?


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Reading Questions

1. What reason do most mainlanders give for visiting the city? � To use the MTR � For shopping trips � To sightsee � To meet new people

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 1: “... huge numbers of mainlanders who visit the city - usually on shopping trips.” 2. Mainlanders are making the lives of locals more __________.

� fun � exciting � difficult � happy

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 1: “...making life difficult for those locals.” 3. Find words in paragraphs 2 and 3 that could be replaced by the following:

− Set up... Organised/organised − Yelling... Shouting/shouting − Infant... Baby/baby − Accept, or, put up with... Tolerate/tolerate

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraphs 2 and 3: “...protests were organised by one group... and ran around shouting... photos of young children... they must ‘tolerate’ the Mainlanders...”. 4. What item is considered a symbol of Chinese mainlanders?

� Baby milk powder � Cameras � Maps � Suitcases


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Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 2: “...the suitcase is seen as something that all mainland Chinese shoppers bring...”. 5. Who does 'they' refer to in paragraph 5, '...to give birth so that they automatically have a right to stay in the city'?

� Husbands � Mainlanders � Residents in Hong Kong � Mothers

Explanation: This is a structural question. Refer to paragraph 5: “...with Mainlanders coming to Hong Kong to give birth so that they automatically have a right to stay in the city.” 6. What does this piece say the government is thinking of doing to stop locals insulting tourists?

− Introducing new laws.

Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 4. 7. Find words or phrases in paragraphs 4 and 5 that mean the opposite of the following:

− Harm... Protect/protect − Negatively... Positively/positively − Solution... Problem/problem

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraphs 4 and 5: “...laws being created to protect mainland Chinese tourists.... Hong Kongers viewed Mainlanders positively... ‘Birth tourism’ has also been a problem...” 8. The tone of this piece is...

� angry � sad � excited � neutral



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9. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this piece? � to persuade � to inform � to describe � to protest


� the general public � Chinese tourists � Hong Kong residents � The government

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to the whole piece. 11. Which word can best replace 'but' in paragraph 4, 'But in 2012...'?

� However � Therefore � When � Since

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 4: “But in 2012, a survey by the University of Hong Kong found that...” 12. What does the last line of paragraph 4 suggest, “It’s going to be hard to pass laws in that environment”?

� They need to improve the quality and cleanliness of the environment � That the government needs to gain support of Hong Kongers � They do not have enough information to pass the law � The law will be successful

Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 4: “...that just 28% of Hong Kongers viewed Mainlanders positively. It’s going to be hard to pass laws in that environment.”


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13. Which of these problems is NOT referred to in this piece? � Not enough space on the MTR � Increased levels of pollution � Using the street as a toilet � Tourists buying too much baby powder milk

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to the whole piece. 14. What type of tourism gives Mainlanders the right to stay in the city?

− Birth/birth tourism Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 5: “’Birth tourism’ has also been a problem, with mainlanders coming to Hong Kong to give birth so that they automatically have a right to stay in the city.” 15. What is being described in paragraph 3?

� Children using the street as a toilet � Websites promoting tourism to Hong Kong � A competition called ‘Spot the Mainlander’ � Government solutions to problems of Mainlanders

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 3: “...People letting their children use the street as a toilet.” 16. According to this piece, 28% of Hong Kongers felt what about Mainlanders?

� They were a positive influence on the city � They were a negative influence on the city � They had no influence on the city � That they were making the city a dirtier place

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 4. “...28% of Hong Kongers viewed Mainlanders positively.”


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‘Birth tourism’ is when tourists in Hong Kong accidentally give birth while on holiday. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 5: ”...with Mainlanders coming to Hong Kong to give birth so that they automatically have a right to stay in the city.”

X

Many citizens in Hong Kong have now agreed to work with the government on their new laws. Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to the whole piece.

X

You can now only take two tins of baby powder milk out of the city. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 1. “... you can now only take out two tins of baby powder milk with you when leaving the city.”

X

The government described Hong Kongers as attempting to ‘insult and embarrass tourists’. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 4 : “The government has issued a statement saying that people trying to ‘insult and humiliate tourists...”

X

18. What is the main aim of paragraph 6?

� To persuade you � To make you think of your own opinion � To give information � To get information



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19. Complete the sentence using appropriate words from paragraph 3: − Photos have been taken of babies and young children who are using bins, drains and MTR

tracks as a toilet. Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 3: “There are photos of young children and babies being held over bins, over drains, and over MTR tracks.” 20. Describe the THREE main problems Mainlanders bring to Hong Kong.

− Sample answer: Mainlanders let their children use public places as a toilet, such as the street and bins. They also come to the country just to buy products such as baby milk powder. Mainlanders sometimes come to the city to give birth so they can have the right to stay in the city.



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Level 3- The Ups and Downs of the Tourist Industry Positives and Negatives of Tourism [1] Many countries have National Parks, which are areas set aside to conserve nature and the environment. But there is no point in having an area that is shut away and nobody can enjoy it: national parks need tourists in order to be worthwhile, and for the money tourists bring in. However, there is such a thing as 'too much of a good thing' – because if you get too many tourists charging around beautifully preserved natural areas, they will be sure to destroy it unless strict rules and regulations are put in place. [2] What are the positives and negatives of tourists? [3] One of the main plus points for the area is that tourists bring in jobs for local people. Tourists need somewhere to stay and somewhere to eat, supporting restaurant and hotel businesses at all ends of the price range. The income that the local area derives from tourists means that they can help support themselves: money can be put towards roads, schools and hospitals. Smaller businesses also benefit, though, as more people start to use them. Rural bus services can keep going, as can little village shops and post offices. Locals benefit from having these maintained. [4] If you happen to be good at arts and crafts, you'll certainly want tourists visiting your area. Local farmers will also benefit from the influx of people. People want something a bit different when they visit a new place so the more tourists you get, the more likely it is that they will support local bakeries and butchers – keeping away the big chains and supermarkets. [5] But even though most tourists come to see the landscape, there is still the very real danger of damage to it. With tourists comes litter, erosion, animals that are disturbed by people walking through their fields, and there is always the chance that a campfire goes wrong and spreads rapidly. [6] Tourists also need transport to get themselves around the area, so there is increased congestion and pollution. Those local products that tourists love to buy may bring money to the area, but the prices will go up as tourists are prepared to pay more. Locals suddenly can't afford the bread baked by the local baker. [7] And shops start catering to their main market – the tourists. They'll stock what they think the tourists want and not what the locals need. Go to any beachside resort and you'll be able to buy plastic


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buckets and spades in every colour of the rainbow, but finding a tin of sweetcorn is suddenly a mission. [8] Tourists often go back to the same spot again and again, and eventually they might decide to buy a holiday home there. This pushes up the price of housing, making it unaffordable for locals. Furthermore, the tourists will only visit their holiday home a few times of the year at most – meaning villages can become practically deserted in the winter months. There aren't enough people left in the area to support the local businesses. [10] When an area starts making money, everyone wants a piece of that. More hotels are built, and more roads are needed to access them. They provide jobs that are typically seasonal, low paid, and with no real possibility of developing a career. Reading Questions

1-4. Complete the table about the positives and negatives of tourists and tourism with information from the piece.

POSITIVES NEGATIVES

Create jobs for local people The disturbance of animals

Villages shops, post offices and rural bus services keep going

The hazard of a small campfire that gets out of control

Local farmers benefit as tourists want something different

Increased traffic on the roads and pollution

Prices for goods will go up

The cost of housing rises as tourists buy holiday homes

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to the whole piece. 5. Why are National Parks created?

� to give tourists somewhere to go � to provide jobs for local people � to preserve the environment � to make money for locals and the government


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Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 1: “Many countries have National Parks, which are areas set aside to conserve nature and the environment.” 6. Which of these expressions is similar in meaning to, “too much of a good thing” [paragraph 1]?

� too many cooks spoil the broth � a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush � there's no smoke without fire � every cloud has a silver lining

Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 1, “However, there is such a thing as 'too much of a good thing' – because if you get too many tourists...”. 7. Which of these businesses probably benefits the most from having increased numbers of tourists?

� a local private school � a local private hospital � a small boutique hotel � a log-chopping business

Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to the whole piece, but in particular paragraph 3: “Tourists need somewhere to stay and somewhere to eat, supporting restaurant and hotel businesses at all ends of the price range.” 8. Which companies does the piece suggest may NOT benefit from tourism?

− Because people want something new and different when they travel, big chains/supermarkets and supermarkets/big chains are less likely to benefit.

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 4: “People want something a bit different when they visit a new place so the more tourists you get, the more likely it is that they will support local bakeries and butchers – keeping away the big chains and supermarkets.” 9. According to paragraph 5, what might tourists leave behind that damages the local environment?

− Litter/litter Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 5: “With tourists comes litter, erosion, animals that are disturbed by people walking through their fields, and there is always the chance that a campfire goes wrong...”. Of these, only 'litter' is something that is left behind.


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10. What TWO things go up in price when tourists start visiting an area? − Local products and housing.

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraphs 6 and 8: “Those local products that tourists love to buy may bring money to the area, but the prices will go up...” and “This pushes up the price of housing...”. 11. What does this piece suggest somebody might want to do after making repeated return visits to a place?

� find a new area to go to � take friends with them next time � buy a holiday home � start a business in the area

Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 8: “Tourists often go back to the same spot again and again, and eventually they might decide to buy a holiday home there.” 12. Why might a village shop have to close down when a place becomes very popular with tourists?

− If too many buy themselves a holiday home then the area will be almost deserted for much of the year, and local businesses will suffer.

Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 8: “Furthermore, the tourists will only visit their holiday home a few times of the year at most – meaning villages can become practically deserted in the winter months. There aren't enough people left in the area to support the local businesses.” 13. Find words in paragraphs 4 and 5 that could be replaced by the following:

− unusual... different − scenery... landscape − unsettled... disturbed

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraphs 4 and 5.


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14. Find words in paragraphs 8 and 9 that mean the opposite of the following: − affordable... unaffordable − busy... deserted − destroyed... built

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraphs 8 and 9. 15. Who is the target audience of this piece?

� local tourists boards � residents of small villages � the general public � governments

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to the whole piece. 16. Which paragraph could best be given the subtitle, “Damaging the Environment”?

� 1 � 3 � 5 � 7

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to the whole piece, and in particular paragraph 5. 17. What is the main purpose of this piece?

� to persuade � to describe � to debate � to criticise



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18. Decide if the following are True, False, or Not Given.


Shops in touristy areas are likely to start catering to the tourists rather than locals. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 7: “And shops start catering to their main market – the tourists.”

X

Jobs in hotels are usually year-round. Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 9: “They provide jobs that are typically seasonal...”.

X

Hospitals have been forced to close down in areas where many tourists go. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to the whole piece.

X

19. What or who does 'they' refer to in paragraph 7, “They'll stock what...”?

� tourists � national parks � plastic buckets and spades � shops

Explanation: This is a structural question. Refer to paragraph 7, “And shops start catering to their main market – the tourists. They'll stock what they think the tourists want...”.


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20. Why might somebody who lives in a popular tourist area but works outside it have problems with increased numbers of tourists?

Sample answer: A local person who needs to get to work outside a tourist area might have problems because with more tourists comes more congestion on the roads. They may need to leave for work earlier and earlier in order to be able to get there on time – and they might arrive home very late because of all the cars on the roads.

Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to the whole piece, but in particular paragraph 6: “Tourists also need transport to get themselves around the area, so there is increased congestion and pollution.”


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Level 4- Tourism and the Environment

[1] If you're a fan of the 'Lord of the Rings' film trilogy, you'll probably know that it was filmed in New Zealand. Perhaps you've seen some of the New Zealand tourist board's recent adverts: they are using the slogan '100% Pure' to highlight the country's green and clean image. [2] But the reality is a little different. Over 50% of the lakes, streams and rivers cannot be used for swimming thanks to the high levels of contaminants that would make people ill. In the last century, over 90% of the wetlands have been drained to make way for towns, farms and roads. These wetlands support numerous species of birds, fish and plants, and by destroying their habitat such creatures are being brought to the point of extinction. There are over 2800 species that are considered 'endangered' in New Zealand. There are only about one hundred Black Silt wading birds left. [3] In 2008, New Zealand was at the top of Yale University's ranking of countries based on their environmental policies. But it is slipping. One group estimates that the country will overtake the United States in less than eight years for emissions per person. [4] Tourism is great for countries because it brings in money. But it can also have a hugely negative effect on natural resources. Resorts use huge volumes of water to run golf courses and swimming pools – water that is desperately needed by local people for drinking. Land that was once used for farming is taken over by developments. Often, local people are banned from beaches and national parks because they are meant to be 'safe tourist destinations'. [5] Pollution increases in areas where tourists go. There is noise pollution from increased air, road and rail travel. There is littering. There is a lack of storage for the waste that is produced. Marinas are built for boats, damaging coral reefs and fragile coastlines. [6] Ecotourism is now a booming industry. It is meant to be for people to travel to a particularly beautiful area without leaving a significant impact on the landscape. But many don't really believe that ecotourism can be a success: it encourages tourists to visit an area, and that in itself damages it. People are out to make money from tourists, and if they can sell the idea of an 'eco experience' then they will. Think carefully about where you go and what you are supporting when you think about travelling abroad. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/17/business/global/new-zealands-green-tourism-push-clashes-with-realities.html?pagewanted=1&_r=0


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Reading Questions

1. What is the slogan of the New Zealand tourist board? − 100% Pure

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 1: “…the New Zealand tourist board's recent adverts: they are using the slogan '100% Pure'…” 2. Which word can best replace 'But' in paragraph 2: ‘But the reality is a little different’?

� since � however � therefore � then

Explanation: This is a structural question. Refer to paragraph 2: “But the reality is a little different.” 3. What is being described in paragraph 2?

� The number of birds in New Zealand. � The number of lakes, streams and rivers in New Zealand. � The things that make New Zealand ‘green and clean’ � The environmental damage in New Zealand.

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to the whole of paragraph 2. 4. Which of these statements is true, according to paragraph 2?

� The lakes, streams and rivers in New Zealand are very clean. � The lakes, streams and rivers in New Zealand are very polluted. � The lakes, streams and rivers in New Zealand have dried up. � The lakes, streams and rivers in New Zealand have flooded.

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 2: “Over 50% of the lakes, streams and rivers cannot be used for swimming thanks to the high levels of contaminants that would make people ill.” 5. How many species in New Zealand are considered endangered? Answer using a figure.

− 2800/2,800/2 800


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Explanation: This is a factual question. Refer to paragraph 2: “There are over 2800 species that are considered 'endangered' in New Zealand." 6. Find words in paragraphs 2 that mean the opposite of the following:

− healthy…ill − few…numerous − preserving... destroying

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 2: “…would make people ill… support numerous species… destroying their habitat…”

7. True or false? In less than 8 years, New Zealand may have more emissions per person than the United States.

� true � false � not given

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 3: “…the country will overtake the United States in less than eight years for emissions per person…” 8. The style of this piece is...

� descriptive � academic � literary � informal

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to the whole piece. 9. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this piece?

� to inquire � to inform � to describe � to protest



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10. Who is the writer's target audience? � wildlife experts � tourists � the general public � biologists

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to the whole piece. 11. What are TWO things that resorts use water for?

− golf courses and swimming pools

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 4: “Resorts use huge volumes of water to run golf courses and swimming pools…” 12. What is the main theme of paragraph 4?

� the money that can be made from tourism � the damage that tourism does to the environment � the amount of available water in New Zealand � the effect of tourism on farmers

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to paragraph 4. 13. True or false? There is more than enough drinking water available in New Zealand for local people.

� true � false � not given

Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 4: “…water that is desperately needed by local people for drinking…” 14.What is suggested at the end of paragraph 4?

� Tourists feel safe around local people. � Tourists and local people get along well. � Tourists feel unsafe around local people. � Local people are helpful to tourists.


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Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 4: “Often, local people are banned from beaches and national parks because they are meant to be 'safe tourist destinations'.” 15. Complete the following sentence using a word from paragraph 5:

− There is an increased level of pollution in places that are visited by tourists. Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 5: “…noise pollution from increased air, road and rail travel…”

16. What kind of pollution is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5?

� noise pollution � soil pollution � littering � damage to coral reefs

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 5.



The ‘Lord of the Rings’ is the only movie to have ever been made in New Zealand. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to the whole piece.

X

Most of New Zealand’s wetlands have been drained. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 2: “…over 90% of the wetlands have been drained…”

X

Tourism has only negative effects. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 4: “Tourism is great for countries because it brings in money.”

X


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18. Find words in paragraphs 5 and 6 that could be replaced by the following: − delicate... fragile − successful... booming − especially... particularly − substantial…significant

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraphs 5 and 6: “…fragile coastlines… now a booming industry….particularly beautiful area… significant impact on the landscape…”

19. What does ‘it’ refer to in paragraph 6: “…that in itself damages it…”

� Eco-tourism � An area visited by tourists � An industry � Money

Explanation: This is a structural question. Refer to paragraph 6: “But many don't really believe that ecotourism can be a success: it encourages tourists to visit an area, and that in itself damages it.” 20. What are some of the negative effects of tourism that this piece talks about?

Sample answer: Tourism can cause a lot of pollution and have negative effects on the environment and animals. Tourism can also have negative effects on local people because it uses their resources, and chases them from places they used to be able to access.


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Level 5- The Friendliest Places to Go

[1] Some people want to find the furthest reaches of the world and be completely isolated when they go on holiday. They want peace and quiet to sit, breathe and be – with no expectations or demands being made on them by others, and no responsibilities other than to themselves. [2] But where should you go if you want to hang out with some of the world's friendliest people? There have been endless surveys to find the most tourist friendly nations, and here are the conclusions of one of those. [3] Coming in at number 10 is Burkina Faso, a name that means 'The Land of Honest People'. If you've no idea where Burkina Faso is, check it out on a map. It's up there in the north west corner of Africa, a landlocked country with an average life expectancy of 51 years and where over 70% of the girls and women have suffered female genital mutilation. The UN rates Burkina Faso as having the lowest levels of literacy in the world. But despite these astonishing statistics, it is up there as one of the friendliest nations out there. This could redefine how we think about happiness. [4] Ireland is at number 9, the land where it rains a good deal and there is a serious financial crisis requiring a bailout by the EU. But with the deepening of this financial crisis is, curiously, a drop in crime. Perhaps this is why it is now seen as one of the most welcoming and safe places to go. [5] Bosnia and Herzegovina is at number 8. Regionally and internationally renowned for its natural beauty and cultural heritage, this is one of the most visited places in southeastern Europe. There is high unemployment – nearly 45% are out of work – and it has one of the lowest income equality rankings in the world, meaning some are extremely poor and others are extremely rich. Despite these financial concerns, it's one of the world's friendliest nations. [6] Number 7 is Portugal and number 6 is Senegal in western Africa. Both are economic disaster zones – but unbelievably beautiful places. [7] Finally at number 5 we have an anomaly, something that doesn't fit the current pattern. Austria, one of the richest countries in the world, is also one of the friendliest. With the average income of inhabitants being nearly US$50,000, they can afford to be friendly in their beautiful, mountainous land. [8] At number 4 is Macedonia, another landlocked country in southeastern Europe. It has high rates of unemployment, high rates of poverty, and the income of each citizen is, on average, only 36% of the


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EU average. It's poor but beautiful, with many areas of outstanding natural beauty. [9] Morocco is third on the list. Bright, beautiful, and bustling. There are snow-capped peaks, endless beaches, and the stark landscape of the Sahara desert. In 2006, it was awarded the UNESCO Literacy Prize, international recognition of its excellent education system and literacy rates. [10] New Zealand grabs second place. There might not be many people there – and there may be more people than sheep – but the stunning landscapes clearly put a smile on their faces. It's a beautiful country where everyone seems to be engaged in ten different sports at one time. Wealthy, healthy, and happy. [11] Can you guess who took first prize? I'll tell you: it's Iceland. It has great economic, political and social stability and equality, and provides health care and university education for all alongside a solid social welfare system. A lonely island punctuated by volcanoes and mountains, it is home to – so some would say – the friendliest people in the world. Based on: http://www.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/travel/10-most-tourist-friendly-nations-66346-10.html#list_start Reading Questions

1. What are TWO reasons why some people want to find the furthest reaches of the world? � They want peace. � They want to see somewhere different. � They feel isolated at home. � They want to feel less responsibility for others.

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 1: “They want peace and quiet to sit, breathe and be – with no expectations or demands being made on them by others, and no responsibilities other than to themselves.” 2. Paragraph 2 says there have been “endless surveys”. What was the topic of the surveys?

− Tourist friendly nations/tourist friendly nations Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 2: “There have been endless surveys to find the most tourist friendly nations …”


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3. Find words in paragraphs 3 and 4 that could be replaced by the following: − Ordinary... Average/average − Astounding... Astonishing/astonishing − Severe... Serious/serious − Calling for... Requiring/requiring

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraphs 3 and 4. 4. What did the financial crisis in Ireland lead to?

− The financial crisis has lead to a drop in crime. Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 4: “But with the deepening of this financial crisis is, curiously, a drop in crime.” 5. What does 'it' refer to in paragraph 5, 'and it has one of the lowest income equality rankings'?

� a person � a business � a country � a continent

Explanation: This is a structural question. Refer to paragraphs 5: “– and it has one of the lowest income equality rankings in the world” 6. Why makes Austria not fit the general pattern of the world’s friendliest nations?

� Its size � Its diverse cultural background � Its wealth � Its climate

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to the paragraph 7. “Austria, one of the richest countries in the world, is also one of the friendliest. With the average income of inhabitants being nearly US$50,000, they can afford to be friendly.”


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7. Find words or phrases in paragraphs 8-10 that mean the opposite of the following: − Dull... Beautiful/beautiful − Quiet... Bustling/ bustling − Restricted... Endless/endless − Unimpressive... Stunning/stunning

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraphs 8-10. 8. The style of this piece is...

� descriptive � persuasive � literary � informal


� to argue � to inform � to question � to protest


� the general public � the government � travellers � the most tourist friendly nations



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11. Which word can best replace 'alongside' in paragraph 4, ‘...university education for all alongside a solid social welfare system’?

� therefore � because � including � in company with

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 11. 12. What is Bosnia and Herzegovina renowned for?

� Large amounts of tourists and historic sites � Natural beauty and cultural heritage � Cultural heritage and high employment � Economic disaster and natural beauty

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 5: “Regionally and internationally renowned for its natural beauty and cultural heritage” 13. Which of these countries is NOT referred to in this piece?

� Senegal � Iceland � Thailand � Burkina Faso



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14. Complete the table with information taken from the passage.

Friendlines

s Ranking

Country Fact 1 Fact 2

10 Burkina Faso Life expectancy: 51 years Lowest literacy levels

8 Bosnia and Herzegovina

Located: southeastern Europe/Southeastern Europe

In employment: 55%

3 Morocco Desert: Sahara Has both mountains and beaches

5 Austria Average income: US$50,000/50000/50 000

Known for beauty of its mountain ranges

Explanation: This is reference question. Refer to the whole piece to complete the table. 15. What do Portugal and Senegal have in common?

− They are both economic disaster zones. Explanation: This is reference question. Refer to paragraphs 2 and 3: “Number 7 is Portugal and number 6 is Senegal in western Africa. Both are economic disaster zones” 16. What did Morocco win the UNESCO Literacy Prize for?

� Its education system and literacy rates � The landscape and education system � The cleanliness of the Sahara desert and literacy rates � Its high number of tourists and the landscape

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraphs 9: “...it was awarded the UNESCO Literacy Prize, international recognition of its excellent education system and literacy rates”


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Some people want to find the furthest reaches of the world as it’s cheap to travel there. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 1. “Some people want to find the furthest reaches of the world and be completely isolated when they go on holiday. They want peace and quiet to sit, breathe and be – with no expectations or demands being made on them by others, and no responsibilities other than to themselves.”

X

The unemployment rate in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 54% Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 5: " There is high unemployment – nearly 45% are out of work”

X

The happiest countries are always some of the poorest. Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to the whole piece.

X

Iceland has great economic and political stability. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 11. “It has great economic, political and social stability and equality”

X

18. What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?

� to show why people need responsibility � to talk about the survey they conducted � to persuade you to travel to different places � to show why people want to travel to quieter places



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19. Complete the sentence using appropriate words from paragraph 3: − The lowest levels of literacy are found in Burkina Faso. Yet it is one of the friendliest nations –

perhaps making us rethink our definition of happiness.

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 2: “The UN rates Burkina Faso as having the lowest levels of literacy in the world. But despite these astonishing statistics, it is up there as one of the friendliest nations out there. This could redefine how we think about happiness.” 20. How would you describe some of the reasons these countries are the friendliest in the world? Sample answer: These ten countries are the most friendly in the world as many of them are described as being beautiful places with stunning landscapes. Some of the countries are also wealthy which means they can afford to be friendly and others have high standards of education such as Morocco. The fact that many of the countries listed are very poor, though, indicates that money and friendliness do not have a strong link.


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Level 6- A Changed World

[1] In 2012, there were 1.03 billion international tourist arrivals worldwide. The most visited country was France, with 83 million visitors. Then came the US, with 67 million, and then China with nearly 58 million. The figures for all countries are up. At no point has tourism decreased. And how much do these tourists spend? Between them, the almost impossible figure to get your head around of US$1.07 trillion. That explains why countries are prepared to pay such huge sums to try and get tourists to visit them. In 2012, China shelled out $102 billion to encourage tourism, and the US spent nearly US$84 billion. [2] Flying is the main way people get to their destinations. Including those travelling for business as well as pleasure, 3 billion flew around the world in 2012 – and only 414 of them died in air related disasters. Those statistics mean you could fly every single day for 38,000 years before dying in a fatal accident. [3] So getting to countries is safer than ever, places are spending more money than ever to lure you there, and people have more access to disposable income that they want to pour into travelling. In western countries in particular the concept of the 'gap year' is encouraging 18 year olds to take off before they go to university: they should go and see the world before they have to get into the daily grind of work. Retired people are selling their homes, buying camper vans, and setting off to explore. A mid-life crisis doesn't now just involve buying a motorbike and getting a radical new haircut – you need to charge off to the other side of the world to 'find yourself'. [4] Movies such as 'The Secret Life of Walter Mitty', 'Eat, Pray, Love' and 'Up' encourage us to go out and be a part of the world, taking advantage of every moment to see more and be more. The general mantra is, it seems, that unless you travel you are a nobody. [5] But what effect is this having on the world, all this travelling? There are obvious positive outcomes, particularly for countries that rely heavily on the income derived from tourists. On a personal level, people expand their own horizons and change how they feel about other cultures and indeed themselves. [6] There are also plentiful negative side effects, though. Pegi Vail, an American anthropologist, released the film 'Gringo Trails' in 2013 to look at these negatives. She starts by explaining how intrepid travellers go to a place and start to tell others about it; the stories spread on the grapevine, and others want to go there. She uses 'The Beach' as the prime example – a book that was made into


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a film, the setting of which is now invaded by hordes looking to have the same experience the film described but finding that its popularity has made that impossible. [7] Vail is somewhat mocking of some of the independent travellers, mostly from middle classes in developed countries, heading out to some of the poorest parts of the world in pursuit of an 'authentic experience'. The movie shows the story of Lina, an Italian tourist visiting Timbuktu: she talks enthusiastically about 'Out of Africa' and 'Lawrence of Arabia' in the same line, even though those stories are set in totally different parts of Africa. 'Africa', in so many people's minds, is not divided into individual countries with different souls and ideals and cultures. [8] When asked if there is, then, a 'right' way to travel, Vail says that we must be thoughtful. If you just want to go to Koh Pha Ngan for the full moon party to cross it off a list, she thinks that is the wrong reason to travel. Why not just have a party at home? You should rather read what local writers have to say about their culture and their country, read the history sections of guidebooks, find out the dos and don'ts of a place. And, armed with that information, you can head off and explore while being conscientious and aware. [9] Countries are prepared to sacrifice precious natural resources such as water in favour of building a golf course and a few swimming pools. Unique environments are being destroyed to make way for resorts and hotel complexes. Cultures have almost become 'Disneyfied' as people peer in on traditional dance ceremonies being played out for them in the comfort of their hotel's restaurant. Languages have been lost as territories have been claimed by tourism and tourists. The Bushmen of the Kalahari are dying out thanks to governments pushing them into ever tighter spaces and restricting their movement. [10] So before you head overseas, think about what you really want to get out of your trip and how you will be impacting the local community with your holiday. What may be a 'fun time' for you could be destroying somebody else's life, and that seems a high price to pay for your tourist dollar. Reading Questions

1. Which of these most accurately describes a gap year? � encouraging 18 year olds to study at home before finding work � encouraging 18 year olds to travel before they go to university � encouraging working people to go to as many countries as possible in a year � encouraging retired people to save money for a year to travel


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Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 3: “...the concept of the 'gap year' is encouraging 18 year olds to take off before they go to university.” 2. The number of visitors to all countries has recently.....

� increased � decreased � stopped � remained unchanged

Explanation: This is a factual question. Refer to paragraph 1: “The figures for all countries are up. At no point has tourism decreased.” 3. Find words in paragraphs 6 and 7 that could be replaced by the following:

− plentiful... many − negatives... disadvantages − enthusiastically... energetically − individual... separate

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraphs 6 and 7. 4. What two methods of transport are mentioned that travellers use?

� Planes and camper vans � Planes and cars � Motorbikes and camper vans � Motorbikes and trains

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraphs 2 and 3: “Flying is the main way people get to their destinations” and “Retired people are selling their homes, buying camper vans, and setting off to explore.” 5. What does “that” refer to in paragraph 8: “And, armed with that information, you can head off...”?

� The weather and local food � A film setting or book title � Local writer reviews, historic facts and dos and don’ts � Local traditions and historic facts


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Explanation: This is a structural question. Refer to paragraph 8: “… read what local writers have to say about their culture and their country, read the history sections of guidebooks, find out the dos and don'ts of a place.” 6. What does this piece suggest used to be the features of someone having a mid-life crisis?

� Selling their homes and buying camper vans � Seeing the world before they have to get into the daily grind of work � Independent travellers, mostly from the middle classes � Buying a motorbike and getting a radical new haircut

Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 3: “A mid-life crisis doesn't now just involve buying a motorbike and getting a radical new haircut....”. 7. Find words or phrases in paragraphs 8-9 that mean the opposite of the following:

− inconsiderate... thoughtful − ignorant ... aware − modern... traditional − ordinary....unique

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraphs 8-9. 8. The style of this piece is...

� descriptive � academic � literary � informal


� to inquire � to inform � to persuade � to protest



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10. Who is the writer's target audience? � the general public � travel agencies � environmentalists � the Government

Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to the whole piece. 11. Which word can best replace 'but' in paragraph 5, “But what effect is this having on the world...?”

� because � however � and � since

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 4: “But what effect is this having on the world, all this travelling?” 12. What does the final line actually suggest, “What may be a 'fun time' for you could be destroying somebody else's life, and that seems a high price to pay for your tourist dollar”?

� that the people living there aren’t benefitting from tourism � that tourists are paying too high a price for travelling � that you may not have fun whilst travelling � that tourists are creating too much rubbish in destination areas

Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to the whole piece. 13. What are the three most visited countries, from lowest to highest number of tourists?

− China − the US/The US − France

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 1: “The most visited country was France, with 83 million visitors. Then came the US, with 67 million, and then China with nearly 58 million.”


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14. What TWO things have been created in some countries, at their expense, to encourage tourism? − Golf courses/Swimming pools and swimming pools/golf courses.

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 9: “Countries are prepared to sacrifice precious natural resources such as water in favour of building a golf course and a few swimming pools.” 15. Which paragraph could this subheading apply to: “Movies make us want to wander”? Answer using a figure.

− 4 Explanation: This is a thematic question. Refer to paragraph 4. 16. Who, according to the writer, is seeking an original representation of the country?

� Retired people � Independent middle class travellers � 18 year olds � All travellers

Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 7: “Vail is somewhat mocking of some of the independent travellers, mostly from middle classes in developed countries, heading out to some of the poorest parts of the world in pursuit of an 'authentic experience'”. 17. Decide if the following are true, false, or not given.


When they get to the scene used in “The Beach”, travellers find it exactly as they envisaged Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraph 6: “She uses 'The Beach' as the prime example – a book that was made into a film, the setting of which is now invaded by hordes looking to have the same experience the film described but finding that its popularity has made that impossible.”

X


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More is spent on encouraging tourists than saving unique environments. Explanation: This is a reference question. Refer to paragraphs 1 and 9 : “China shelled out $102 billion to encourage tourism, and the US spent nearly US$84 billion” and “Unique environments are being destroyed to make way for resorts and hotel complexes”.

X

Tourism has expanded the number of languages spoken. Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 9: “Languages have been lost as territories have been claimed by tourism and tourists”.

X

The world saw huge increases in the numbers of tourists in the last ten years. Explanation: This is an inference question. Refer to paragraph 1: “The most visited country was France, with 83 million visitors. Then came the US, with 67 million, and then China with nearly 58 million. The figures for all countries are up. At no point has tourism decreased.”

X

18. What is the main theme of paragraph 8?

� To encourage travellers to attend parties whilst travelling � To travel for the right reasons � To encourage travellers to read about the culture of their own country � To encourage respectability towards other travellers



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19. Complete the sentence using appropriate words from paragraph 6: − Travelling to countries is now safer and they are spending more money than ever in order to

lure you in.

Explanation: This is a vocabulary question. Refer to paragraph 3: . “So getting to countries is safer than ever, places are spending more money than ever to lure you there.” 20. What do you understand by the term `Disneyfied`?

Sample answer: 'Disneyfied' means that places have become like theme parks and are not real any longer. It suggests that people peer into the cultures and traditions as if they are a game and not something with any serious meaning to those who perform them.

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