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0 Tweet 0 Recommend S S Currency derivative losses: Greed is the devil in detail G Ganapathy Subramaniam, ET Bureau Mar 30, 2010, 02.46am IST We would never have heard of what is now known as the foreign currency derivatives fiasco if a number of exporters and banks had not burnt their fingers due to rupeedollar fluctuations starting 2007. Since many deals turned sour, currency derivatives are being criticised as a hydraheaded monster that has swallowed the moolah of exporters as well as banks. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and the enforcement directorate (ED) are looking into various aspects of these transactions. With allegations flying thick and fast, the failed deals have also become a subject of litigation. And, it would be some time before it is revealed whether exporters' greed or misselling by banks was the root cause of the losses. The tendency to dub currency derivatives as the villain of the piece is, however, not justified. When the RBI allowed foreign currency derivatives, the intention was to provide domestic corporates an effective risk mitigation tool. Unfortunately, its misuse proved disastrous. An interesting parallel is the commodity exchanges where hedging could actually insure against price volatility, but forward trading in foodgrains and a number of other food items was banned due to the fear of speculation leading to price hikes. If exporters and banks concerned had made profits through the controversial derivatives transactions, nobody would have complained — and the misuse would not have come to light. Current trends indicate that bankers across the globe will come up with more varieties of currency derivatives, the financial sector meltdown notwithstanding. This sets the stage for Indian regulators to update safeguards that would prevent misuse of derivatives. For this, lessons need to be learnt from the 2007 fiasco. While exporters claim they have lost hundreds of crores of rupees, RBI has estimated that 11 banks had 'suffered' losses of Rs 755 crore. Exporters initially blamed banks for the losses, but are now saying that the losses should be shared by banks and the disputes settled. This could result in faster resolution compared to timeconsuming litigation that might fix responsibility for the fiasco. Yet, it is important to get to the core of the controversy so that chinks in the regulatory armour can be plugged. The RBI has found certain violations from the detailed norms that were set for derivatives. The CBI probe has not made headway. One serious finding is that some counterparty deals violated Fema guidelines, and this could spell trouble for the banks. Another is failure to verify the underlying deal on the basis of which hedge was offered. While the first violation does not directly relate to exporters' losses, the second one is critical to understand the controversy. Hedging crossed the line to become speculation due to the second violation. Instead of just covering an exporter's exposure, the derivative deals concerned were turned into tools that were supposed to bring profits. In other words, instead of insuring their revenue, exporters were speculating. In hindsight, it is easy to see how they were courting the danger of losses they suffered. FEATURED ARTICLES RELATED ARTICLES For a currency derivatives exchange June 14, 2007 Cos oppose ban on currency derivatives February 22, 2010 Stock Exchanges to soon launch Options in Currency... September 21, 2010 FOLLOW ET: Log In / Join Policy LATEST OPINION 03:42 PM: Macros, market stand where they were in 2004: Nilesh ... 01:35 PM: Coffee Day listing to bring action to TGBL counter: A... 01:17 PM: We continue to remain upbeat on India: Eberhard Kern,... Those who haven't disclosed hidden assets under black money window will regret < > SENSEX 26,220.95 66.12 NIFTY 7,950.90 2.00 GOLD (MCX) (Rs/10g.) 25,825.0 31.0 USD/INR 65.51 0.08 MARKET DASHBOARD 04:05 PM | 01 OCT MARKET STATS EOD Home Opinion Poke Me ET Commentary ET Editorial Vedanta Blogs ET Citings Opinion Poll Interviews QnA CREATE PORTFOLIO Indiatimes The Times of India The Economic Times More You are here: Home > Collections

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Currency derivative losses: Greed isthe devil in detailG Ganapathy Subramaniam, ET Bureau  Mar 30, 2010, 02.46am IST

We would never have heard of what is now known as the foreign currency derivatives fiasco if a number ofexporters and banks had not burnt their fingers due to rupeedollar fluctuations starting 2007.

Since many deals turned sour, currency derivatives are being criticised as a hydraheaded monster that hasswallowed the moolah of exporters as well as banks. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Central Bureau ofInvestigation (CBI) and the enforcement directorate (ED) are looking into various aspects of thesetransactions. With allegations flying thick and fast, the failed deals have also become a subject of litigation.And, it would be some time before it is revealed whether exporters' greed or misselling by banks was theroot cause of the losses.

The tendency to dub currency derivatives as the villain of the piece is, however, not justified. When the RBIallowed foreign currency derivatives, the intention was to provide domestic corporates an effective riskmitigation tool. Unfortunately, its misuse proved disastrous. An interesting parallel is the commodityexchanges where hedging could actually insure against price volatility, but forward trading in foodgrains anda number of other food items was banned due to the fear of speculation leading to price hikes.

If exporters and banks concerned had made profits through the controversial derivatives transactions,nobody would have complained — and the misuse would not have come to light. Current trends indicate thatbankers across the globe will come up with more varieties of currency derivatives, the financial sectormeltdown notwithstanding.

This sets the stage for Indian regulators to update safeguards that would prevent misuse of derivatives. Forthis, lessons need to be learnt from the 2007 fiasco. While exporters claim they have lost hundreds of croresof rupees, RBI has estimated that 11 banks had 'suffered' losses of Rs 755 crore. Exporters initially blamedbanks for the losses, but are now saying that the losses should be shared by banks and the disputessettled. This could result in faster resolution compared to timeconsuming litigation that might fixresponsibility for the fiasco.

Yet, it is important to get to the core of the controversy so that chinks in the regulatory armour can beplugged. The RBI has found certain violations from the detailed norms that were set for derivatives. The CBIprobe has not made headway. One serious finding is that some counterparty deals violated Femaguidelines, and this could spell trouble for the banks. Another is failure to verify the underlying deal on thebasis of which hedge was offered. While the first violation does not directly relate to exporters' losses, thesecond one is critical to understand the controversy.

Hedging crossed the line to become speculation due to the second violation. Instead of just covering anexporter's exposure, the derivative deals concerned were turned into tools that were supposed to bringprofits. In other words, instead of insuring their revenue, exporters were speculating. In hindsight, it is easyto see how they were courting the danger of losses they suffered.

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