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Current Development
Cooperation (DC)
in the ASEAN Region
Session on New Forms of Development Cooperation and Their Potential for the ASEAN Region;
Managing Regional and Global Governance (MRGG) in Asia: Opportunities and Challenges for the ASEAN Economic Community
Jakarta, October 7, 2011
Dinur Krismasari
Senior Representative, JICA Indonesia
Outline
1. Who is the main actors of DC in ASEAN ?
2. What is the focus of development cooperation in ASEAN ?
3. Why DC essential to achieve AEC ?
4. What should be the modality of DC to promote AEC ?
5. How we carry out effective DC towards achievement of AEC 2015 ?
1. Who is the main stakeholders of
DC in ASEAN ?
IndonesiaLaos Vietnam Philippines
Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia
Important Bilateral Donors in ASEANSource: OECD DAC 2008-2009
IndonesiaLaos Vietnam Philippines
Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia
Important Multilateral Agencies in ASEANSource: OECD DAC 2008-2009
IndonesiaLaos Vietnam Philippines
Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia
Important Emerging Donors in ASEANSource: OECD DAC 2008-2009
IndonesiaLaos Vietnam Philippines
Myanmar Cambodia Thailand Malaysia
Most Beneficiary Countries in ASEANSource: OECD DAC 2008-2009
1st2nd 3rd
Important Stakeholders in ASEAN
Bilateral Donors
• Japan
• Australia
• USA
• Germany
Multilateral Donors
• IDA
• Asia Development Fund
• EU Institutions
• Global Fund
Emerging Donors
• South Korea
• Thailand
Most Beneficiaries (by total)
• Indonesia
• Vietnam
• Philippines
Source: OECD DAC 2008-2009
Emerging Country in Technical Coop. Provider
Singapore Malaysia Thailand
Indonesia Philippines Vietnam
Source: JICA’s Reference as SSC Partner
DAC Member
2010
2. What is the focus of development cooperation in ASEAN ?
Myanmar
Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
Philippines
Indonesia
Thailand
Malaysia
Source:
OECD DAC
2008-2009
Humanitarian
Economic
Social
A Japanese-supported bridge linking Laos
and Thailand across the Mekong River.
Farmers and other stakeholders at a model site discuss irrigation issues in Vietnam
Support for Social and Economic Development
Support for Emergency & Rehabilitation
Urgent Emergency Goods
Medical Team
Restoration of document
3. Why DC essential to achieve AEC ?
Globalization
STATE STATE
broaden of threats
i.e. diseases, terrorism, pollution, climate
change, disaster, economic crisis, etc
Every single country should be interdependence
broaden of movement
i.e. Movement of people, goods, money
+
High Income Country:
($ 12,275 or more)
Singapore
Brunei Darussalam
Level of Development Stage in ASEAN
Upper Middle Economy:
($ 3,975 - $ 12,275 )
Malaysia
ThailandLower Middle Income Economy
($ 1,005 - $ 3,975)
Indonesia
Philippines
Vietnam
Lao PDR Low Income Economy
($ 1,005 or less)
Cambodia
Myanmar
Source: World Bank 2011
Benefit of Dev’t Cooperation
Strengthen Capacity Development
(Individual, Institutions, Policy & System)
Support Public Investment
(Infrastructure Building)
Speed up the Development Stage upgrading
( LIC – LMIC – UMIC – HIC )
Maintaining Sustainable Development and Avoid Risk of
Development Shock
( Financial Crisis, Disaster, Climate Change etc)
4. What should be the modality of DC to
promote AEC ?
Technical Cooperation
Dispatch Expert, Training/Seminar, Tech Coop Project,
Technical Assistance, Development Study, Volunteers,
Scholarship
Economic & Financial Cooperation
ODA Project Loan, Program Loan, Credit Export
Science & Technology Cooperation
Joint Research, Technology Development
Cultural Cooperation
Language Study, Culture Exchange
What is the form of Development Cooperation
Modality 1 : Human Security Concept
PROTECTION
EMPOWERMENT
Bottom Up Approach
Top Down Approach
Role of the State
Role of People
HU
MAN
SECU
RIT
Y
(Keta
hanan M
asy
ara
kat)
HUMAN BEING
Human Security concept on development model
i.e. rule of law, accountable institution etc.
i.e. participate in defining and implementing
Modality 2: Capacity Development (CD) Concept
Individual Level: Improvement of technical or
other specialized knowledge of individual by
receiving a training program or the guidance of
experts
Organizational Level: Changes in
organizations, i.e. recipient institutions,
implementing institutions, agency in-charge of
technical cooperation. These changes, based on
contributions and effects obtained at the individual
level, include improvement of knowledge and
skills in the organizations and transformation of
organizational structure and system.
National and Societal Level: Change
brought by contribution and effects obtained at the
organizational level and expanded outside of
organization that directly involve. These change
include those found in country policy, strategy and
system, as well as people’s beliefs and culture
National / Social capacity
Institutional Capacity
Human Capital
Modality 3: Action Oriented for Successful Cooperation
Relevance : consistency with priority needs and development policy
Effectiveness : achievement based on expected purpose and goal
Efficiency : input resources utilized properly to make more benefit
Impact : direct and indirect positive effect of activities
Sustainability : continuation of benefit based on self reliance efforts
PLAN
DOSEE
Ex-Ante Evaluation
Project Design Matrix
Mid Term EvaluationTerminal Evaluation
Ex-Post Evaluation Monitoring
Modality 4: Aid & Cooperation should be Catalyzing Dev’t
Source: Catalyzing Development: A New Vision for Aid; 2011; Brookings Institutions
5. How we carry out effective DC towards achievement of AEC 2015 ?
Is there any clear direction on regional policy ?
Is there any clear mandate for Regional Institution
to facilitate the cooperation?
Is there any linkage between regional policy to each
national policy ?
Is there any coordination mechanism between
regional institution and each national country ?
Is there any coordination among institution in each
country (from policy to action)
KEY QUESTIONS
Synergy on Strategic Policy
Development
SELF - RELIANCE
OWNERSHIP
Source: ASIA 2050; Realizing the Asian Century; 2011; Asian Development Bank (ADB)
If possible I would like to share JICA’s support to
ASEAN