Currentquestionsinsustainablefisheries,watermanagementandhighereducation

BOOKofABSTRACTS

SUSFISHWorkshop&WestAfricaSymposium2013Vienna,Austria,23.–28ofJune2013

EditedbyAndreasMelcher,RaymondOuedraogo,MouminiSavadogoandJanSendzimir

SUSFISH‐SustainableManagementofWaterandFishResourcesinBurkinaFaso

FundedbyAPPEAR(AustrianPartnershipProgrammeinHigherEducationandResearchforDevelopment)Project56,financedbytheAustrianDevelopmentCooperation

Currentquestionsinsustainablefisheries,watermanagementandhighereducationBOOKofabstractstotheSUSFISHWorkshop&WestAfricaSymposium2013Vienna,Austria,23.–28ofJune2013

EditorsandLayout:AndreasMelcher,RaymondOuedraogo,MouminiSavadogoandJanSendzimir

Copyright2013bySUSFISHproject

SUSFISH‐SustainableManagementofWaterandFishResourcesinBurkinaFasohttp://susfish.boku.ac.at/FundedbyAPPEAR(AustrianPartnershipProgrammeinHigherEducationandResearchforDevelopment)Project56.FinancedbytheAustrianDevelopmentCooperationCoordinators:Dr.AndreasMelcherInstituteofHydrobiologyandAquaticEcosystemManagementDepartmentofWater,AtmosphereandEnvironmentCentreforDevelopmentResearchCDR(Partner)UniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciencesBOKU,Vienna,Austria

and

Dr.RaymondOuedraogoInstituteforEnvironmentandAgriculturalResearch,MinistryofResearchandInnovation,Ouagadougou,BurkinaFasoAllpartsofthematerialareprotectedbythiscopyright.Theauthorsofthecorrespondingshortcontributionsareresponsibleforthecontent.

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ContentAcknowledgements 3

Introduction 4

SUSFISHSummaryinFrench 5

TechnicalSummaryandKeyFindings 5

SUSFISH Session 1 Natural Sciences BOKU University

WS01SUSFISH‐SustainableManagementofWaterandFishResourcesinBurkinaFaso 7MelcherA.H.,PeloschekF.

WS02FishhabitatuseintheUpperNakambebasin 8MeulenbroekP.

WS03FishhabitatandpressuresintheUpperNakambebasin 9StranzlS.

WS04 BenthicinvertebratesintheUpperNakambebasin 9TraunerD.&KoblingerT.

WS05 APPEARPhDProject:FishinBurkinaFaso 10ManoK.

WS06 APPEARPhDProject:BenthicInvertebratesinBurkinaFaso 11KaboreI.

WS07WP2Biodiversityandconservation 12SavadogoM..

WS08 WP3Fishcommunitiesandwaterqualityindicators 13OuedaA.

SUSFISH Session 2 Social Sciences

WS09 WP4Impactofnationalpoliciesonfishandwater 14ZerboH.,OuedraogoR.

WS10 WP4,5&8FisheriesandGenderintheSUSFISHproject 15KaboreC.

WS11 WP5Governance,societiesandfishing 16ToeP.

WS12 WP7Fisherieshealthandfoodsecurity 17SavadogoL.

SUSFISH Session 3 Education and System Analyses WS13WP8Systemsanalysisofenvironmental,economic,socio‐political/culturalfactorsthatinfluencesustainablefisheriesinBurkinaFaso 18SendzimirJ.

WS14Communication,scientificlanguage,knowledge,translation 19SlezakG.

WS15 WP6Educationandresearch 19OuedaA.

WS16 APPEARPhDProject:PotentialofaquacultureinBurkinaFaso 20SawadogoP.,OuedaA.

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WS17FishmigrationandArchimedesscrew(Excursion) 22ZeiringerB.,AlbrechtW.

West Africa Symposium Institut Français Vienne

Keynote:

SY01WaterandBiodiversityinBurkinaFaso.EauetbiodiversitéauBurkinaFaso.Etatdelarecherché 23OuedaA.

Symposium Session 1 Sustainable Water Management

SY02WhyandforwhomtodevelopfisheriesinBurkinaFaso? 24CecchiP.

SY03FisheriesmanagementinWestAfrica 24ZerboM.H.,OuedraogoR.

SY04FishandbenthicinvertebrateassemblagesintheUpperNakambecatchment 25StranzlS.,KoblingerT.,TraunerD.,MeulenbroekP.,MoogO.,HuberT.MelcherA.

SY05ConservationandEcosystemservices 26NianogoA.,SavadogoM.

SY06Fisheries,healthandfoodsecurityinBurkinaFaso 27SavadogoL.

SY07FisheriesandsocietyinBurkinaFaso:Towardsa"retraditionalization"oflocalpractices? 28SanonV.‐P.,ToeP.

Symposium Session 2 Higher Education, Perspectives and Partnership

SY08Appear‐Fromanewideatosuccessfulpartnerships 29StinnigE.

SY09HighereducationinBurkinaFaso:Throughmutations,tosupportsustainabledevelopment 29OuedaA.

SY10Genderinfisheriesandwatermanagement 30KaboreC.

SY11Ruraltransformation‐ideasandconceptsforimprovedoutcomes 31HabermannB.

SY12Adaptivesciencetointegratenaturalandsocialfactors 31SendzimirJ.

SY13ERAARDNetwork‐PromotingcollaborationinEuropeanagriculturalresearchfortheworld´spoor 32KriegerK.

AdditionalProgram 33

Weblink 34

Listofauthors 35

Pictures 36

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Acknowledgements

Thisworkshopandsymposiumwasundertakenaspartofathree‐yearAPPEARprojectfinancedbytheAustriandevelopmentcooperation,namedSUSFISH(SustainableManagementofWaterandFish Resources in Burkina Faso). The project, whose aim is to promote sustainable watermanagementand fisheries towards socialdevelopmentandpoverty reduction inWestAfrica,waslaunched inNovember2011and is beingundertakenby a consortiumof in total 7 institutionsofhighereducationanddevelopmentinBurkinaFasoandAustria,namely:

InstituteforEnvironmentandAgriculturalResearch,MinistryofResearchandInnovation,Ouagadougou,BurkinaFaso

General Directorate for Fish Resources, Ministry of Animal and Fish ResourcesOuagadougou,BurkinaFaso

International Union for Conservation of Nature and its Resources (IUCN), West andCentralAfrica,ProgrammeBurkinaFaso

PolytechnicUniversityofBobo‐Dioulasso,BurkinaFaso

UniversityofOuagadougou,BurkinaFaso

UniversityofVienna,Austria

InternationalInstituteforAppliedSystemsAnalysis(IIASA),LaxenburgAustria

BOKUUniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeScience,Vienna,Austria

Thisworkshopandsymposiumwasalsodoneinclosecooperationwiththeprogram‘IRDG‐eau’and APPEAR project “MEAMP Elements for a Burkina Faso national pharmacopoeia:monographsredactionandqualitycontrolofendangeredantimalarialmedicinalplants”andfinallybutnotleasttheInstitutFrançaisdeVienne.

Wewant to thank all donors, partners andpeoplewho supported and are still supporting ourwork–especiallyMrs.GritschiKerlforsharingallherknowledgeandgreatexperiencewithus.

FarewelloftheWorkshopandSymposium

FrenchAmbassadorinViennaS.E.Dr.StephaneGOMPERTZ,

BurkinaFasoAmbassador/ReprésentantinViennaS.E.MmeSolangeRitaBOGORE

TheHeadoftheBOKUDepartmentWAUProf.HerwigWAIDBACHER

andtheHeadofBOKUInstituteIHGProf.StefanSCHMUTZ.

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Introduction

Anumberofchallenges, includingclimatechangeandpopulationgrowth,threatenthefairandsustainableavailabilityofwaterandfisheries inWestAfrica.Overthepast40years,BurkinaFasohasbuilthundredsofreservoirdamstoincreasethereliablestorageanddeliveryofwater,andasaresulthundredsoffisherieshavebecomeestablishedinavastnetworkofreservoirlakes.However,inlandfisheriesproductionhasplateauedatthesametimethatquality(size)offishhasdramaticallydeclined, thereby limitingthe fecundityandproductivepotentialof the fishery. Improving fisherymanagement policies and practices will require substantial increases in what is reliably knownaboutthebiophysicalandsocio‐culturalfactorsthatinfluencethesetrends.

The Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG) and the Centre forDevelopmentResearch(CDR),UniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeScience(BOKU)andtheInstitut Français de Vienne have joined to organize a workshop and a symposium to reviewscientific research on how to make inland fisheries and water management sustainable in WestAfricaandhowtousethese ideasandtoolstobuildcapacity inacademia,governmentandamonglocalpractitioners.ResultsoftheAPPEARprojectSUSFISH(SustainableManagementofWaterandFishResourcesinBurkinaFaso)werediscussedalso.

As of November 2012 a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between theUniversity of Ouagadougou and the BOKU in order to strengthen collaboration in buildingscientific capacities in higher education in Burkina Faso. As a first result of this partnership fourAustrian “Applied Limnology” students got a BOKU scholarship and the opportunity to do theirmaster thesis field work in Burkina Faso. For three month they sampled fish and benthicinvertebratestogetherwithstudentsfromtheUniversityofOuagadougouintheNakambebasin.Onthe other hand four Burkinabe students (3 PhD, 1Master) will start their lectures in September2013. They are especially integrated into the BOKU master program “Applied Limnology”,coordinatedbytheBOKU–IHG,andtheygotanadditionalAPPEARscholarship.

Theoverallgoalsofthesemeetingswereto:

presentSUSFISHresultsandtodiscussfurtherstepsandpublications.

strengthenSUSFISHpartnershipandnetwork.

Questionstobeanswered:

1. WhatarethequestionsthatwereaddressedsofarinSUSFISHresearch?

2. Whatarethefindingsfromnaturalandsocialscienceresearchers?Corollary:whataregoodsourcesofinformationthatweshouldstudy?

3. Whatquestionsremaintobeaddressedinthecomingmonths?ThiswillhelpidentifyfactorsthatwillbelookedatbySUSFISHresearchersandthosethatwillnotbeexamined,whichwemustlookatonourown(literaturereview,interviews)

4. Whichscientistsareabletocontributeonasystemsanalysis,bothbefore,duringandaftertheNovember2013fieldvisitinBurkinaFaso?

This book gives abstracts of the different presentations and the key findings of theworkshop and the symposium. For more information you can find the associatedpresentationatsusfish.boku.ac.at‐asaPDFfilefordownload.

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SUSFISHSummaryinFrench

SUSFISH:ProjetGestiondurabledelapêcheetdesressourceseneauauBurkinaFaso

Descentainesdeplansd’eauartificielsde taillevariableontétéconstruitsàpartirdesannées

1950pour répondre auxépisodesdepénuried’eau auBurkinaFaso,pays sahélien.Dispersés surtoute l’étendue du territoire national, ces réservoirs offrent l’opportunité d’intensifier lesproductionsagro‐sylvo‐pastorales.Utiliséscommepêcheries,ilsfournissentunesourcedeprotéinesanimales de bonne qualité.Mais leur surexploitation est une source demenace pour les servicesqu’ilsoffrentauxpopulations.

Leprojetgestiondurabledelapêcheetdesressourceseneaucontribueraaudéveloppementdeméthodesstandardiséesd’évaluationdel’étatécologiquedesécosystèmes.Ilvisespécifiquementàrenforcer les capacités scientifique, politique et technique du Burkina enmatière de gestion despêcheries, à traversune coopération renforcéeentredes chercheurs autrichienset burkinabè,demêmequecellesdesinstitutionsdegestionetdeformationsdanslesdomainesdel’eauengénéraletdesressourceshalieutiquesenparticulier.

Lesrésultatsservirontàaméliorerlaformulation,lamiseenœuvredespolitiques,ainsiquelesenseignements dans les écoles professionnelles et les universités du Burkina Faso et auront deseffetsnotablesdansledomainedelasantéetceluidelasécuritéalimentaire.

TechnicalSummaryandKeyFindings

TheSUSFISHworkshopwasheldfromthe23rdtothe26thofJune,2013attheBOKUUniversityin Vienna. A public symposium was conducted on the 27th and 28th of June 2013 at the InstitutFrançais de Vienne and introduced sustainability science research currently being pursued byFrench scientists in Burkina Faso (IRD Institut de recherche pour le développement) and othernationsofAfrica.

Theworkshopwas organized to show the potential for sustainable solutions that can emergewhenadiversityofperspectivesfromsocialandnaturalsciences, fromacademia,governmentandinformedlaycommunityareintegratedinthepursuitofpolicyreform.

This week more than 100 visitors from 12 countries attended more than 30 scientificpresentations and discussions, also prepared for the public. One highlight was the Austrian filmpremiere “Les grandsBarrages enAfriquede l´Ouest” a documentary filmproducedby IUCN andECOWAS(EconomicCommunityofWestAfricanStates).Speakerscamefrom12differentscientificand public institutions, working in theory and practice on concepts of life sciences, developmentresearch, biology, ecology, food security, sociology, anthropology, medicine, education, gender,system analyses and political topics. Beyond that, intensive and fruitful discussions aboutpartnership, higher education, participation, gender but also climate change, human impactsecosystemserviceshelpedustounderstandeachotherbetter.

Several recent developments and news remind us how complex and essential integratedapproachesare.Basedontheexperiencesofthepastyearsandnewfindings,wewanttoreflecton

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whether sustainable solutions are possible on regional, national and international level. Today’sdevelopmentchallengesdemandintegratedapproachesthatallowleveragingonsynergiestoobtainmultiplebenefitsconcurrently.

PreliminaryFindingsfromSUSFISHResearchActivities

More than75 fishspeciesand61 familiesofmacro‐invertebrateshavebeen identifiedandtheirspatialdistributiondescribed.Auchenoglanisgen.andHydrocynusgencouldbeusedassentinelgenera.ClariasspandSarothorodonspincreasewithpressures,unlikeotherspecies,e.g.AlestesspandSchilbesp.,whicharesensitiveanddecreaseinnumberaspressuresrise.

Thereareimportantdifferencesbetweenthecommunitiesofbenthicinvertebratesinriversand in reservoirs. Water plant habitats exhibit a higher taxa richness and diversity thansedimenthabitats.

Anofficiallistoffishspecies,anationaldatabaseofmetainformationonexistingbiophysicalcharacteristicsoffisheries,thediversityandconservationstatusoffishspeciesandbenthicinvertebrates,thepressuresonfishpopulationsandmethodsofwaterassessmentbasedonfishandmacroinvertebratesareunderdevelopment

Thepopulationofdirect fisheriesstakeholders isestimatedatabout32700persons(14%are women and 82 % men), 3 000 fishmongers (54% are woman). Between groups ofstakeholderssomedisparitiesintheaccesstofishresourcesarenoticeable:manvs.women,allochthon vs autochthons, youth vs. elderly, etc. In SUSFISH, the gender concern aims atintegratinggenderissuesatallstagesofresearch.

Theresultsofsocialscienceresearchshowfirst,thatmacro‐levelpoliciesandlegislationarenot known at regional and local levels. The national organization in charge of fisheries isunknownaswellbecausenotangibleactivityisundertakeninthefieldortotargetthedirectstakeholders. The field police fisheries officers (foresters) are not inclined to work onfisheriesintheareasofmonitoring,surveillanceandcontrol.Asaresult,prohibitedfishingmethodsaremoreandmoreused.Second,bothrepublicanandtraditionalinstitutionsmakerelativelyimportantcontributionstothegovernanceofwaterandfishresources.Butthetwosystemshavetobeharmonized

We observed that in Burkina Faso, fish intake contribute in improving food and nutritionsecurity. Income from fish sales also helps improve the household food and nutritionsecurity.

As forcapacitybuildingandeducationstrengthening,more than3PhDstudentsandmorethan20masteronesarealreadyinvolvedinSUSFISH.Severalothersarealsoexpectedtobeassisted.

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SUSFISHWorkshop22.–26June2013

BOKUUniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciences

WorkshopPresentationAbstracts

SUSFISH Session 1 - Natural Sciences

WS01 SUSFISH

Sustainable Management of Water and Fish Resources in Burkina Faso

AndreasH.MELCHER,FlorianPELOSCHEK&JanSENDZIMIR

In response to threats of chronic water scarcity and episodes of severe drought, since 1950hundreds of reservoirs were created to provide a dispersed network of water storage facilitiesthroughoutBurkinaFaso.Asfisheries,thesereservoirsalsobecameimportantnewsourcesoffood.However, pressures of overfishing, intensive agriculture and sedimentation threaten the services(fish,waterquality) thesereservoirsprovide.Toestablishsustainablemanagementofnaturalandman‐made aquatic systems, Burkina Faso requires methods and tools for the standardisedassessment of the water quality and ecological status of rivers. The purpose of this project is tostrengthen in‐country capacities for science, policy and practice so as to establish the basis forsustainablefisheriesinBurkinaFaso.Thismeansbuildingscientificcapacitytomonitorandassessthe dynamics of reservoir services (fish, water), the educational capacity to train scientists andtechnicians in these concepts andmethods, and institutional capacities inmanagement andpolicyformulation, that are linked with research and education in the sphere of water and fisheries inBurkinaFaso.

The innovations this project will introduce are: most current methods and technology ofmonitoring fishpopulationsandwaterquality, the currentmethodological standard forEurope instatisticalmodelling that rigorously establishes bio‐indicators by linking sets of species (fish andbenthicinvertebrates)withwaterqualityparameters,thefrontierofsocialscienceresearchintotheeffectivenessofrepublicanandtraditionalformsofgovernanceandhowtoharmonizethem,currentexperiments with scenario development to allow managers and planners to explore policydevelopmentfarintothefuture,systemsanalysisoftheecological,economicandsocialfactorsthatcan individually or by interaction create opportunities or barriers to sustainable fisheriesmanagement, the latest ineducational (lectures, trainingmanual) techniques to sustain theuseofthe projects innovations in future generations of scientists, policy makers, managers and localpractitioners. The results will be used to formulate and implement fish and waters policies, ineducation(universitiesandgovernmentalagriculturalprofessionalschools)andwillhavepracticalrelevanceforfoodsecurityandhealthcare.

Ourprojectusesaholisticapproachtofisheriesthatintegratesmultipleperspectives(academic,policyandlocalpractice).Thisrequiresbothamulti‐disciplinaryteamskilledinthenatural,humanandpolicysciencesandtheinvolvementoffisherypolicymakerstodevelopandimplementmore

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sustainablestrategiessuitabletotheenvironmentalandpoliticalcontextofBurkinaFaso.Academicinput(researchers/lecturers)shouldprovidethescientificbackgroundnecessarytoformulatepoliciesinnaturalresourcesandpovertyreductionandstrengtheneducationinuniversities.Incorporatingtheinputsoflocalpoliticiansandfishermanwiththoseofnationalscaledecision‐makersandacademicswillorientacademicandpolicyresearchalongthemostpracticallines.

MajorthematicfociofSUSFISHinclude:

1. Buildcapacitytostudy,monitorandmanagesustainablefisheries[overallgoaloftheproject].

2. DevelopwatermanagementandassessmentmethodsbasedonfishthatareapplicableforuseinBurkinaFaso

3. Identify,evaluate,andprepareexistingdataforfish,environmentandpressuresforanationaldatabase.ActuallytoevaluatethestatusofconservationoffishinBurkinaFaso.

4. Analyzetherelationshipsbetweenpressures(incl.overfishing,landuse,continuity)andthedynamicsinfishassemblagesandinwaterquality.

5. Developecologicalawarenessbyusingappropriatecasestudiestodemonstratetheimportanceofecologicalservicesandbiodiversitytothenation’sfoodsecurityandhealthcare.

6. Supporttheimplementationanddisseminationofprojectresultsby(a)integrationoftheprojectresultsintheeducationpoliciesandon‐goingnationalprogrammes,(b)workshopsandinternationalconferences.

WS02 Fish Assemblages and Habitat Use in the Upper Nakambe Catchment

PaulMEULENBROEK

Thisstudy,supportedbytheBOKUUniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeScience,Viennaandthe University of Ouagadougou, analyses fish assemblages and their habitat use in the UpperNakambecatchmentofBurkinaFaso located in thecentralpartofWestAfrica.Thestudygivesanoverview on the available habitat conditions and their effect on fish community composition andabundancesaswellasonhabitatuseofsinglespecies.Furthermoretheconductedfishingmethods,electric fishing and the traditional cast net fishing are compared and their pros and cons arediscussed.

Toanswerthesequestionswesampled157fishhabitats,caught18,335individualsandrecordedatotalnumberof16families,35generaand70speciesinfourdifferentriverreaches.Therearelistsprovidedwiththespatialdistributionofthecaughtspecies,rangesfordifferenthabitatparametersandusagecurvesof fourkeyspecies; i.e.LabeocubieshowsacoarsersubstrateusagethanBagrusbajad;andthehabitatofChelaethiopsbibieexhibitshighoccurrences forXylal. Theresultsof thisresearchmakeimportantcontributionstothegeneralknowledgeonhabitatuseandecologyoffishin semi‐aridareasofAfrica.Theycanbeusedasamanagement tool tomonitor andmaintain thehealthandsustainabilityoffisheryecosystems,whichinturncontributestofoodsecurity.

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WS03 Human impacts on the fisheries management in Burkina Faso

SebastianSTRANZL

Fish is an important protein source for the population of Burkina Faso. However, overfishing, fragmentation, agriculture and other human pressures lead to a decline in the fish population’s diversity and biomass. Biological indicators likefishorbenthicinvertebrateindicesareessentialforassessmentof water and ecosystem health and sustainablemanagement to assure food security and healthywaterbodies.Thegoalofthisthesisistocharacterizefishassemblagesinthesamplingarea,tofindoutabouthumanpressureswhichleadtoadecreaseoffishpopulations,tofindspeciessensitivetopressuresandtoproposemeasurementsforimprovement.

Ina firststep thesamplingsites in theNakambecatchmentbetween thereservoirofLoumbilanorthofOuagadougouandtheborderofGhanawereselectedtogetherwithoursupervisors.Thesesites are: Koubri, Kougri, Loumbila, Bagre, Ziga and the protected area of Nazinga. All sites areexposedtomoreorlesshumanpressures.Altogether,37sitesand137habitatswereselected.Eachhabitatwasfishedelectricallybyusandwithacastnetbylocalfishermen.Onsite,adjacentlanduse,obvious stressors and physical parameterswere noted.Water samples were taken from selectedsitesandtransferredtoaprivatelaboratoryinOuagadougouforchemicalanalysis.

The length of each fish was measured and a species list was created. Unknown species wereconservedinalcoholandtakentoAustriaforfurtherdetermination.TheproportionsofClariasgen.andSarotherodongen.increasewiththenumberofpressures,whereassensitivegeneralikeAlestesgen. and Schilbe gen. decrease.We found some sentinel generawhich only occur in low‐pressuresites likeAuchenoglanisgen.andHydrocynusgen.Thisworkcanbeabasis fora fish indexwhichwillbecreatedbyBurkinabestudentsintheframeoftheSUSFISHproject.

WS04 Benthic invertebrate assemblages in the Upper Nakambe Basin

DanielTRAUNER&ThomasKOBLINGER

Thisstudyanalysesbenthicinvertebrate(BI)assemblagesintheSubSahelianlandlockedcountryBurkina Faso, West Africa. It investigates if and how river and reservoir BI communitiesdiscriminate and how the taxa composition reacts to anthropogenic stressors. Furthermore thestudyexaminesdifferenthabitats(sedimentandvariouswaterplants)anddifferentsamplingareasandgivesinformationabouttheuncertaintyofsampling.

SamplingtookplaceatthebeginningofthedryseasonbetweenOctoberandDecember2013.The26samplingsites(riversandreservoirs)weresituatedinthecatchmentoftheNakamberiverandincluded the capitalOuagadougou, agriculturally impacted sites inKoubri andBagre, thedrinkingwater reservoirofZiga,protectedwaterbodies in thegameparkNazingaandpotential referencesitesfromtheareaaroundBoboDioulasso(Mouhouncatchment)andBanfora(Comoecatchment).

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In total, out of 20 000 specimen 105 taxa were determined. Specialists confirmed the highpotentialforthediscoveryofnewspecies.NMSandClusteranalysisshowedaseparationbetweenriverineandreservoirBIcommunities,indicatingtherequirementforseparatetreatmentforfurtherinvestigation. It is clearly shown that water plant habitats exhibit a higher taxa richness anddiversity (Shannon‐Wiener Biodiversity Index) than sediment habitats. Furthermore water plantsamples display a clearer picture of the species composition after fewer sampling units thansedimentsamples.Agriculturalpressurechangesthetaxacomposition(no.oftaxa,abundance).TheSASS(SouthAfricanScoringSystem)wasappliedtoriversamplesandshowedareactionofthebiotatodifferentintensitiesofanthropogenicpressures.However,thissystemwouldhavetobemodifiedforapplicationtoBIcommunities inBurkinabéwaterbodies.Thisworkaimstobethefoundationforthedevelopmentofanationalbioassessmentmethodbasedonbenthicinvertebrates.

WS05 APPEAR PhD Project:

Fish diversity and assessment of aquatic ecosystems in Burkina Faso

Komandan MANO

Burkina Faso, an arid landlocked‐country in the central part ofWest Africa is drained by fourmainrivers (Nakambé,Nazinon,MouhounandComoé)andsmall rivers.All theseriversbelong tothree international catchments (Volta, Comoé and Niger) which flow outside of the country. Inresponsetochronicwaterscarcitymorethan1400reservoirsarecreatedonseasonalrivers.Theyharborabout147fishspeciesandmorethan30000fishermenoperatethere.Likefisheries,thesereservoirsalsobecamenewsourcesoffoodandareattractiveformanyactivitiessuchasagriculture,extensivelivestock,,vegetablefarmingmining.Howeverhumanpressuresinclusivelyoverfishingorsedimentationthreatentheservices(fish,waterquality)thesereservoirsprovide.

Toestablishsustainablemanagementofnaturalandartificialreservoirs,itrequiresmethodsandtoolsforstandardizedassessmentofthewaterqualityandecologicalstatus.InthisdoctoralthesiswestudyfishcommunityandpossibilitiestoassesstheecologicalstatusofwatersinBurkinaFaso.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoassess:

fishassemblagesdistributionindifferentbioregionsandbasins

theeffectofhabitatqualityonspeciesrichness,abundancesanddiversity

anthropogenicimpactsonfish

theecologicalstatusofaquaticecosystemwithinaridcountriesusingfishassemblage

ThefirstsamplingcampaignwasundertakenfromJulytoSeptember2012.SomesitesinBoura,Kou, Lera, Cascades, Moussodougou, Tingrela and Sourou (Di, Gouran, Debè, Nissan, Lery) fromNakambé, Mouhoun and Comoé catchments were sampled. Actually, due to political instablesituationsintheneighboringcountriesMaliandNigeritisnotpossibletosamplenorthintheNigercatchment.

For sampling methods like gillnet, castnet and electro‐fishing are used. The samples arecomparedtocommercialfishermen´slandings.

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Atotalof54speciesbelongingto19familieswasidentifed.Themostfrequentspeciesare:Barbusmacrops, Brycinus nurse, Clarias anguillaris, Ctenopoma kingsleyae, Distichodus rostratus ,Gymnarchus niloticus, Hemichromis bimaculatus, Hemichromis fasciatus, Heterotis niloticus, Latesniloticus, Marcusenius cyprinoides, Marcusenius senegalensis, Oreochromis niloticus, Parachannaobscura, Paradistichodus dimidiatus, Polypterus senegalus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Schilbeintermedius,Siluranodonauritus,Synodontispunctifer,Synodontisschall,Tilapiazillii,Mormyrusrume.SometaxasuchasBrycinusnursesp,Hemichromissp,Sarotherodonsp,Tilapiasp,Clariassp,Barbussp,Labeo sp,Synodontis sp,Mormyridae sp. still need a betterdetermination.Thiswill bedonebyhelpofexpertsfromBurkinaFaso,Austria,FranceandBelgium.

Allresultsofthisstudyshouldhelptounderstandfishbehaviorandimprovetheimplementationof scientific and ecological findings into practice. Additionally the results also should help toconserve fish communities and water resources in reservoirs and rivers in similar aquaticecosystemsinSub‐SaharanAfrica.

WS06 APPEAR PhD Project:

Benthic invertebrates in Burkina Faso

Idrissa KABORE

Sustainablemanagementoffreshwateranditsbiologicalresourcesareoneofthemajorchallenges that policy makers and scientists have to focus on for human well‐being,especiallyinsoutherncountries.Biologicalorganismsaremoreandmoreusedtohighlighteffectsandinteractionsbetweenhumanimpactsandwater.InBurkinaFasowaters(riversand reservoirs), which constitute principal water resources, are most threatened bypollution and other human pressures such as agriculture using pesticides and chemicalfertilizer.Inadditionwerealizeexpandingdomesticwastecentersdisposalintoriversandtheir tributaries and a decline of benthic invertebrate communities. In this framework theoverall goal of the Susfish project is to develop a diverse set of methodological and technicalresources to assess the integrity and long‐term sustainability of water quality and fisheries inBurkina Faso. This ongoing doctoral thesis aims are (1) to describe benthic invertebrateassemblages and their habitat and (2) to develop a national benthic invertebrates basedassessmentmethodtoevaluatetheecologicalstatusofwaterbodies.

Benthicinvertebratesaresampledbyusingmulti‐habitatsamplingmethods.Inadditionenvironmental parameters and all available information on human pressures will beanalysed as well. At present we focus at eight study regions, belong to four main riverbasins.Thesamplesarecollectedatthebeginningandtheendofrainyseason.DuetotheconflictsintheneighboringcountriesMaliandNigeritisnotpossibletosampleinnorthernNigercatchment.

From July toDecember2012 thebenthic faunawasstudied in24stationsbelonging torivers,reservoirs, ponds and lakes to address their distribution and dynamic pattern and to assess therelationshipbetweenbenthicfaunaandfreshwaterquality.Thefirstresultsofthebenthicorganisms

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composition showed a great diversity. Insects from eight orders and 54 families aredominating(66%),secondfrequentgrouparethemollusks(28%)withtwoorders(Bivalviaand Gasteropoda) and 10 families. Additionallywe have also found the crustacean (3%),Oligochaeta(2%)andthearachnids(1%)thatarelessrepresented.

All datawill be stored in anewhierarchicaldatabase applicable forBurkinaFaso.Theresults of this study should help to increase the knowledge on benthic invertebrates inBurkinaFaso.Anadditionallytheresultshouldalsousetoformulateandimplementbenthiccommunities based monitoring tool into water policies, in education (universities, IUCN,governmental professional school) and may help to preserve biodiversity and waterresources inreservoirsandrivers.The findingswillhavepractical relevance for foodsecurityandhealthcareinWestAfrica.

WS07 Biodiversity and conservation (WP 2)

Moumini SAVADOGO

Theobjectivesof thisWP is toestablishanofficial listof fishspecies,anationaldatabaseofmetainformationonexistingbiophysicalcharacteristicsoffisheries,thediversityandconservationstatusoffishspeciesandbenthicinvertebrates.Theecologicalapproachthatwillbedevelopedtomonitorfishandwaterresourceswillbedirectlyuseforfutureassessmentsofaquaticecosystemsthatwillbeincorporatedinthenationaldatabaseandserveasthebasisforrecommendationsforchangestopolicyandpracticetoachievethenationalbiodiversitystrategy.TheintroductionoffishspeciesinBurkinaFaso isrestrictedby law(AssembléedesDéputésduPeuple,1997).Butnoreliable listofspecies exists.Theofficial and reliable species list thatwewillmakewill be the reference for theimplementation of that law. The expected result is a national database of meta‐information onbiophysical characteristics of fisheries, the diversity and conservation status of fish species andbenthicinvertebratesandthepressuresonfishpopulations.

Incompliancewiththeworkplan,weidentifiedthekeysourcesofdata(libraries,websites,andindividuals from research institutions, universities and development agents) on (i) bio‐physicalcharacteristics of fisheries (river size, catchment size, turbidity, etc.), (ii) the diversity andconservationstatusoffishspeciesandbenthicinvertebrates,landuse,chemicalwaterquality,etc.)and the pressures on fish populations (over‐fishing, etc.) . More than 150 documents have beencollected and reviewed at national, regional and websites (West African databases and globaldatabases).Thelistofspeciesiscomputedaswellasthelistofthedocumentscollated.Theprojectresearch team has been trained by IUCN experts on the principles and tools required for theevaluationofthespeciesconservationstatus.

AtdatethetotalestimatednumberofdescribedfishspeciesinBurkinaFasoisestimatedat131.The firstestimations indicated114describedspecies in theVoltaRivercatchment (Roman,1966)andthemostrecentresultsindicated131speciesinthePendjariRiver,whichbelongstotheVoltabasin(AhouanssouMonchto2011).NoevaluationhasbeendoneusingthecriteriaoftheIUCNRedList.Howevertherearesomeindicationsof10threatenspeciesthathavenotbeenobservedsince1968.Eight(8)speciesareconsideredasendemic(Lévêqueetal.1990et1992,Lévêqueetal.1991,

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Paugyetal.2003,LalèyèetEntsua‐Mensah2010).ThefinaldatabasewillbefinalizedbyNovember2013andthenationalRed‐listoffishbyApril2014.

The status and distribution of freshwater biodiversity inWestern Africa has been assessed byIUCNredlistexperts(Smithandal.,2009)asfollows:

The inlandwaters ofwestern Africa support a high diversity of aquatic specieswith highlevels of endemism. Many of these species provide direct benefits to people. Theconservation of these species is most important to the livelihoods and economies of theregions’people.

Estimated numbers of inlandwater‐dependent species bymajor taxonomic group inWestAfrica: 563 fishes, 90 molluscs, 287 Odonates, 35 Crabs representing 2 to 5% of globaldescribedspecies.

More than 14%of species across the region are currently threatened, and future levels ofthreatareexpectedtorisesignificantlyduetoagrowingpopulationandthecorrespondingdemand of natural resources. Threatened species, comprising critical endangered,endangeredandvulnerable)areestimatedat26%,9%,18%and40%for fishes,molluscs,odonatesandscrabsrespectively.

Themajor threats to species diversity are the habitat losses and degradation (agriculture,deforestation,mining,humansettlementsanddams),waterpollution,droughtsandinvasivealienspecies.

Species information remains very limited for many species within the region. Even fordescribedspecies11%(fishes)to20%(crabs)couldn’tbeassessedduetodataDeficiency.

WS08 Fish communities and water quality indicators (WP 3)

Adama OUEDA

The Fish‐Based Index (FBI) of biotic integrity for the assessment ofwaterswill become a corepartoftheuniversitycurriculainBurkinaFasoforteachingstatisticalmodellingandfortraininginappliedfieldmonitoringmethods.SuchmethodsandconceptswillformpartofthecorecompetenceoftheFisheriesdepartment,MinistryofAnimalandFish,whichmustcontributetothemonitoringofwatersasrequiredbythenationalgovernment.TheFBIwillbeusedtoranktheaquaticecosystemslike reservoirs in terms of the degree towhich they are impacted, and these findingswill informpolicydecisionsaboutprioritizingremedialmeasures.

Expected results are (1) data on factors critical to water quality and fisheries managementidentify will be entered into the project database (physic‐chemical parameters, fish speciesassemblagesandespeciallytheimpactsofdamsonfish),(2)developmentandverificationofvalidFish‐basedandamacro‐invertebrate‐basedmethodstoassessindexofbioticintegrityofwatersandwaterquality(3)Somescientificandtechnicalbasistomonitortheecologyofwatersandforfactorsofrisksofriversidecommunitieshealth,(4)Descriptionsofecologicalservicescriticaltosustainablefisheriesandenvironmentalhealth.

Accordingtothetimetableandthemethodologyestablishedduringthekickoffmeeting(March2012)morethan60%ofplannedactivitieshasbeenachievedorisinprogress.Activitiessuchasabaselinesurvey,samplingdesigndevelopmentandtrainingneedassessmentwerefullycompleted.

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Aboutfieldsampling,9ofthe14selectedsiteswerealreadyvisitedduring3samplingcampaigns.Ateam of 18 persons (10 students) took part in the field work. More than 75 fish species and 61familiesofmacro‐invertebrateshavebeenidentified.Chemicaldataaboutnutrients,ionsandsomegenericsparameterslikepH,Oxygen,Conductivitywasmeasuredandmadeavailableinadatabase.WestillcollectingandorganizingenvironmentalfromfieldprotocolGISdatabases.Thelastactivityaboutmodeling the functioning of aquatic ecosystems already begins with analysesmade by the

studentsinvolvedintheWP3activities.US-

SUSFISH Session 2 - Social Sciences

Social Sciences

WS09 Impact of national policies on fish and water (WP 4)

Henri Zerbo & Raymond Ouedraogo

Oneof theSUSFISHprojectresearchtopicswillanalyzethe impactsofpolicies, legislationsandinstitutions in themanagementof fishandwaterresources.Asa landlockedandSaheliancountry,BurkinaFasodoesnothavemuchsurfacewater.Theoriginalwaterbodiesandwatercoursesareintermittent.ForthatreasontheBurkinabecommercialfisherieswerenotdevelopeduntilthe’70s.Thiswasfavoredbythedevelopmentofartificiallakesfollowingthedroughtof1973‐74.

Then,severalpolicies,lawsandinstitutionshavetriedtoensureasustainablemanagementoffishandwater resources.Nowadays it is necessary to assess their interactions and impacts atmacro,mesoandmicrolevels.Themethodologyconsistedinaliteraturesearch,asurveyofinstitutionsatthe international and national (macro), regional (meso) and local (micro) levels. We used thesustainablelivelihoodsapproachduetoitsabilityofcenterattentiononthefivemajorcomponents:thecontextofvulnerability,capitalassets,policies,institutions&processes,strategiesandresultsoflivelihoods.

As preliminary results, we found that macro‐level policies and legislation are not known atregionalandlocallevels.Thenationalorganizationinchargeoffisheriesisunknownaswellbecauseno tangible activity isundertaken in the fieldor to target thedirect stakeholders.The fieldpolicefisheries officers (foresters) are not inclined to work on fisheries in the areas of monitoring,surveillanceandcontrol.Asaresult,prohibitedfishingmethodsaremoreandmoreused.Actuallythemethodsofmanagementhavediffereddependingontheministrychargedtomanagefisheries,e.g.theonesinchargeofenvironmentorofagriculture,orof livestockbreeding.Thenomadismoffisheries institutions (fromoneministry to another)washighly criticizedbyall stakeholders.Theinsufficiencies in the direct stakeholders’ organisations and their illiteracy do not allow theregulatorytextstobewellknown.Itishopedthatthecapacityofthefourmostimportantfisheries(Bagre, Kompienga, Sourou and Ziga reservoirs) will improve thanks to their managementcommittee. The implementation of a closed fishing seasonwill improve the recruitment of fishes.Fourother smaller fisheries areunder the concession schemeswhichgiveaprivatebody, e.g. thelocal fishermen association, exclusive right of access to the resource. Nevertheless the fisheriesstakeholdersaremotivatedtocooperateforthedevelopmentoftheiractivities.

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WS10 Gender and Fisheries prospectives in the SUSFISH project

Colette KABORE

Women have been involved in the SUSFISH project’s formulation and will be involved in itsimplementationunderthedirectionofagenderandfishexpertpositionfromtheGDRF,MrsColetteKABORE, engineer in fisheries and aquaculture. The GDRF took advantage of the SustainableFisheries Livelihoods Program in West Africa to increase its capacity in gender. As a result MrsColetteKABOREoftheFisheriesDepartment,MinistryofAnimalandFishResourceshastrainedandnowcontinues towork in thegenderdomain.Shehas takenpart in themeetings to formulate thepresentproject.ShewillalsobeinvolvedintheimplementationoftheprojectincoordinationwiththesocialscientistsoftheUniversityofBobo‐Dioulasso,andshouldtaketheproject’s findingsandapplythemongenderissuesinthefuture.Womenarealsotargetedinthesocialpartoftheresearch.Theyhaveanimportantstakeintheappropriationandthemanagementofwaterandfishresources,whichwillbeassessedbytheproject’sresearchtasks.

Sustainablemanagementof thewater resources and fisheriesbecamean imperative and couldnotsucceedwithoutanappropriateapproachthatintegratesthefundamentalprinciplesofgender.Theoverallobjectiveistofavortheparticipationofstakeholders,particularlyvulnerablegroupsintheprocessofresearchinordertoguaranteeanappropriationandavaluationoftheresults.

In SUSFISH, the gender approach aims at integrating gender issues at all stages of research.. Itconcerns integrationofgendervision intheprotocolandtheamendmentof thetoolsgatheringtoallow theparticipationand theexpressionof theneeds for all stakeholderparticularly vulnerablegroups.We organized aworkshop on gender internalization, focusing on howwomen and youngpeople inworkteamscandevelopthesensibilitiesandthecreationofgoodconditions forwomenparticipation in fieldworks. Research on sustainability has inspired the team to schedule raisingawareness’sinaframethatencompassesthefisheriessector.Genderprofilespresentthedisparitiesofaccesstotheresourcesbetweenwomen(20%)andmen(80%).Incertainfisheriesusedbybothmigrants and autochthons, vulnerable groups, particularly women, had relatively low power ofcontrolanddecision‐makingintheuseofwaterandfishresources. ,Thistrendcorrelateswiththeincreasingimbalanceinwell‐beingbetweenmenandwomen,richandpoor,etc.InBurkinaFasowecounted:32699fishermenamongwhom14%werewomen;2983transformersamongwhich82%werewomen;(DGRH,2010);3375wholesalefishmerchantsamongwhom54%werewomen.

Whilemenandwomencomplement eachother in fisheries activities,numerousobstacles limitwomen’s activities in fishing. Women are charged with many different tasks which requirecompetenceandtime,andalsobeingonthegrounde.g.productionandrepairingofnets;processingandsellingoffish.Traditionalroleslimitandrestricttheactionsofwomen.Theyarealsolimitedintheirtimeandmobilitythroughtheirresponsibilitiesforraisingthechildrenandforthehouseholdactivities, theassignmentof traditional roles,perceptionsandstereotypesaboutwomen influencebehavior,createbarriersandperpetuatebeliefsthataffecttheparticipationofwomeninthefishery

These trends are only recently becoming evident because research has been for a long timeinsensitive to gender issues. The specific needs and the strategic interests of each category ofstakeholdersarerarelytakenintoaccountinmanystrategiesofdevelopment.Themainobjectivesofthisworkteamare:(1)tostrengthenthecontributionofthevulnerablegroupsparticularlywomanin the governance of fisheries and (2) to integrate research better for contributing to value

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vulnerablegroupsandparticularlywoman‘sandyoungpeopleroleinsustainablemanagementoffisheries.

The government of Burkina Faso is conscious of the importance of gender issues in sectorialstrategiesofdevelopment. It is translatedby creationof theMinistryof thePromotionofWomenandGender,theadoptionoftheNationalPolicyinGenderinBurkinaFaso;promotionofgenderasaprincipleofthe‘’StratégiedeCroissanceAcceleréeetdeDéveloppementDurable’’.

We can report some results and impacts of the project including: Improvement of gendersensibilityoftheteamandthetargetgroups;harmonizationofgenderconceptduringtheworkshopon internalization of gender in SUSFISHproject; elaboration of protocols and data gatheringwithintegration of gender approach; organization of awareness to sensitize students to gender issues;associationofwomeninresearchteam;elaborationofstrategiestointegrategenderonmanagementof fisheries; elaboration of an article in order to improve the visibility of gender in fishery. It isrecommendedtoimproveaccessofvulnerablegroupstoresourcesandemployment;strengtheningskillsofwomen;lightendutiesandtasksforwomen;facilitatingvulnerablegroupsparticipationindecision‐makingandgoodcommunicationstrategy.

WS11 Governance, societies and fishing (WP 5)

Patrice TOE

The resultsof the social science researchwill clarify the relative importanceof republicanandtraditionalcontributions to thegovernanceof fisheriesandwillbeusedtoharmonize themin theformulationandtheimplementationofwaterandfishpolicies.Theseandotherprojectinsightsfromsocialscienceareimportantformanygovernmentagentsthatstudyoroverseefisheriesbutlackanytraininginsocialscience,especiallythestaffoftheFisheriesdepartment,MinistryofAnimalandFishResources.Thecommunity‐basedandparticipatoryapproaches to fisheriesmanagementassetbylaw and considered by the fisheries strategy requires knowledge and skills that rely on socialstudies,sotheseprojectinsightswillalsoinformacademictrainingprogramsforfisheriesscientistsand natural resource managers. The results will also directly help with implementation of thefisheriesconcessionsforsmallsizefisheries(exclusiverightofaccesstofish)andtheparticipatorymanagementforthelargesizeones.

Expectedresults:

‐Analyse institutionswithin theRepublicanandTraditionaldomainsof governance inBurkinaFasowithemphasisonhowthepresenceorabsenceoflinksbetweenthesedomainsinfluencesthesustainability of fisheries, especially the connections between legality and legitimating, and thesocio‐economicfeaturesoffisheries;

‐Identifyinteractionsbetweenstakeholders’strategiesandpolicies

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WS12 Fisheries health and food security. WP 7

Leon B. SAVADOGO

Projectresearchresultswillprovideascientificandtechnicalbasistodevelopmethodstoassesshealth risks for riverside communitiesbyusing theecological statusofwaters and fish. Food anddietpracticesforchildrenandpregnantwomenthatassociateorcanassociatewithfisherieswillbeidentified. Health risks associated with fishery activities will be identified and described. Theseresultswillbeincorporatedinacademictrainingcurriculaandwillinformhealthpolicyformulationandimplementation.

Expectedresults:Criticalanalysisofconnectionsbetweenfisheries,environment,healthandfoodsecurity;somescientificandtechnicalbasistomonitortheecologyofwatersandforfactorsofrisksofriversidecommunitieshealtharedeveloped

Themain objective of thisWP is: “Food supply and health care illustrated in appropriate casestudies”.

Poverty leads to poor health status and poor health also contributes to monetary poverty. InBurkinaFaso,poverty ismore rural andperi‐urbanand the country is characterizedby recurrentdroughtsandirregularrainfall.Povertyprofilemanifestsitselfinvariousways:foodinsecurity,pooraccess to clean water and endemic malnutrition. In 2012, prevalence of undernourishment inBurkinaFasowashigh(26%).Malnutritionisamainreasonforunder‐fiveyearsoldmortality(morethan50%).Fishcanimprovethenutritionalstatus.FAOstatisticsshowthatfishissourceof22%to50% of protein in sub SaharanAfrica and fish contribution to caloric intake can rise 80 caloriesdaily.

Weobserved fromasurvey in360households, that, inBurkinaFaso, fish intakecontributes inimproving foodandnutritionsecurity:96%ofsurveyedhouseholdsconsumefishand for67%ofhouseholds fish is part of the constituents of their daily diet as animal protein source. FishcontributiononhouseholddiettotalKcalandproteinisveryhighinBurkinaFasoruralpopulation:fishcontributionto the totaldietKcalrange from31to45%andthe fishcontributionto the totaldietproteinrange from25%to78%dependingonthediet.Fish isanaffordablesourceofanimalproteinfortheruralandpoorpopulation.

Weassessedthecontributionoffishinfishermeneconomyandcouldshowthatfishsalegainisusedtoimprovethehouseholdfoodandnutritionsecurityin80%inallstudysites.InthisWP,weare analysing themicrobiology and quality of main fish consumed in Burkina Faso.We assessedfishing health risks, water related diseases morbidity in fishermen communities and in theirhouseholds. We will evaluate the impact of women involved into fish management (fishing,transformationandfishsale)inhouseholdsfoodsecurityandnutritionimproving.

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SUSFISH Session 3 – Education and System Analyses

WS13 Systems analysis of environmental, economic, socio-political/cultural factors

that influence sustainable fisheries

Jan SENDZIMIR

The outputs of Work‐package 8’s research as well as its process of participatory scenariodevelopmentwillhaveimmediateimpactonthepolicyofmanagingaquaticecosystemsinBurkinaFaso.Overthelongertermtheycanbeusedbothineducationandinfuturepolicyformulationandimplementation. Methods of systems analysis and the research findings from its application toidentify leverage points for policy interventions to make fisheries more sustainable can all beincorporatedinacademiccurriculaattheuniversitylevel.FuturepolicyprocessesinBurkinaFasocan employ the methods of scenario development to determine challenges and opportunities inestablishingsustainablefisheriesmanagement.Thisismadepossiblebythefactthatthesemethodswill be learned by the teammembers and staff of Southern Partnerswho apply them during thecourseoftheprojectincollaborationwithNorthernpartners.

Staff from the UNIVERSITY of VIENNAwill cooperate with the departments of linguistics andsociology at the University of Ouagadougou, to organize a workshop on research methods inOuagadougou. Researchers of all partner institutions will be involved to develop an appropriatemethodologicalapproachtoaddressthepluralityoflanguageswithintheSUSFISHresearchproject.Two challengesmust be addressed: 1. to enhance scientific language to facilitate communicationwithin themultinational team of researchers and practitioners, 2. to reflect on the input of localexpertson fishstock,naturaldiversityand fishing.Theworkshopparticipantswilldevelopa jointstrategy not only to communicate the results of the scientific cooperation to the local people butratherto involvethemasexperts inthesetting.Theirknowledge,whichis linkedto language,willinfluence (enrich) the findings of the natural sciences research. Through the involvement of localexpertsadeeperunderstandingofcomplexunderlyingprocesses/correlationsinsocioeconomicand“socioecologic”systemswillbeachieved.Theexpectedresultsrangefrom(a)plurilingualmaterial(biographicnarratives),whichcanbeused for further terminologyworkon fisheriesandecologicmanagement in Burkina Faso and might be useful for the analysis of the historic dimension inecologic development processes (seeWP 7: glossary) (b) input for innovative approaches in thedissemination strategy (c) the involvementofvariousgroupsof the local society (even thosewhocould not reached before) in the research process (d) a fostered dialogue between researchers,practitionersandlocalcommunityonsustainablefisheriespolicy.

Expected results: Data and opinions on factors critical to sustainable fisheries managemententeredintoprojectdatabase.

‐Systemsanalysisofcritical factors identifyingbarriersandbridges toestablishingsustainablefisheriesinBurkinaFaso.

‐ Report on policy recommendations for establishing sustainable fisheries based on scenariosdevelopedingroupexerciseswithstakeholders.

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WS14 Communication & scientific language:

Language practices in transcultural research cooperation

Gabriele SLEZAK

Thepurposeof thispaper is to contribute to thediscussionabout thehierarchical structureofknowledge production, transfer and exchange in transcultural research projects by drawingattentiononthecommunicativeprocessesbetweentheactorsinvolved.Inordertounderstandthechallengesoftransculturalcommunication,itishelpfultoreflectonlanguageconceptsinrelationtothescientificknowledgehierarchiesonagloballevel.

First, I consider understanding a fundamental aspect of developing, applying and sharingresearch methods within a project team. When multilingual practices and translocalcontextualization,reconceptualizationandthetranslationofknowledgeareinvolved,thisprocessofunderstandingbecomesquitecomplex.

Second, in terms of experience, expertise, age, personality and authority however, individualcapacitiestoactivelyparticipateinunderstandingprocessesarestronglyinterrelatedtobiography,socialstatusandtherepartitionofcommunicativeresources.

And third, language plays a key role in the highly elitist Burkinabè tertiary education sector.Statistically,BurkinaFasohasmorethan60languages,withFrenchbeingtheofficiallanguage.Theeducationsystemtraditionallyfollowedarestrictivepolicyofmonolingualization,withFrenchbeingthe language of instruction. It reinforces the predominance of “Western” (scientific) knowledge,languagesandcommunicativepatternstothedetrimentoftheir“Southern”counterparts.Intermsoflanguage ideologies, a European language such as French or English is generally associated with“modernity”andwithsymbolicandeconomicpower,andisreferredtoasthe“writtenstandard.”Incontrast, African languages, notwithstanding variations across the country, generally assume amarginalizedpositionfromthepolitical,symbolicandeconomicpointsofview.

The interplay between power and knowledge asymmetries with language and communicationprocessesisrarelyreflecteduponinthecontextoftransculturalresearchcooperation.Toallowforknowledge production to be inclusive, a broad approach addressing the challenges of linguisticdiversityisneeded.Jointresearchprogramsshouldthereforeincludereflectionsonhowknowledgeis linguistically produced, which plurilingual communication processes are involved and howknowledgeistranslatedintoscientificlanguage.

WS15 WP 6 Higher Education and research

Adama OUEDA

Project outputs, such as data, assessment methods, and findings about the ecology andgovernance of fisheries, can be incorporated in academic curricula and used directly in futureresearch in natural and social science of fisheries. A number of southern teammembers can usethese products in educational organizations in Burkina Faso. Especially two of them have high

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administrative positions that allow them to set educational goals and otherwise influence theacademic curricula of Burkina universities. Some staff of the Fisheries Department, Ministry ofAnimal and Fish Resources can also use these results in their lectures in the three nationalagriculturalschools(thenationalschoolofforestersatDenderesso,thenationalschoolofagricultureof Martourkou, both located next to Bobo‐Dioulasso and the national schools for husbandry andanimalhealthlocatedinOuagadougou).Theschoolscanalsousethegainedknowledgetoimprovethefisheriescourse;forthisreason,theywillbeinvolvedintheassessmentofthetechnicalabilitiesoffieldfisheriesstaffwhotheytrain.

Allpartnersareinvolvedineducation.SomestaffoftheFisheriesDepartment,MinistryofAnimaland Fish Resources teach in the three governmental agricultural schools that train field fisheriesstaff. The others are lecturers and high positioned personalities in the two most importantUniversitiesofBurkina.ForinstanceProf.KABREisthecurrenttechnicaladvisortotheMinisterofSecondary andHigherEducation andProf. TOE is thehead ofDepartmentofRural Sociology andEconomy of the University of Bobo‐Dioulasso. Therefore, this is an important asset to use theexpectedresultsineducation.

In addition, the teams of Prof. KABRE and Prof. TOE have involved about 20master and PhDstudents in theSUSFISHresearch.Actually, everyyear, studentsseek for fieldsupervisionof theirresearchattheFisheriesDepartment,MinistryofAnimalandFishResources.Unfortunatelyalmostevery time they are rejected due to lack of financial means. The involvement of students in theprojectisadirectbenefittotheireducation.

Expected results: (1) Use the main results of all WPs to strengthen the national capacities insustainable management of fish in education and research, (2) Strengthen the capacity of thepartnersinhumanresourcesandfieldworkapproachtechniques,(3)Trainingmanualsandlinksforuseof assessment and analysis techniquesdeveloped in theproject, (4)Newcurricula atBurkinaFaso universities enhanced with links to project publications and databases. (5) Student theses(Masters and Doctoral), Peer‐reviewed publications and Fish ecology hand‐out, (glossary andEnglish,French,Morèdictionaries).(6)Websiteenrichedwithprojectfindings(BOKUandIUCN),(7)Conferences,Symposiaontechniques,scienceandpolicy.

Numbers of these expected results are already achieved. About 20 students are involved inSUSFISHresearchactivities,someasMasterstudentsandthreeasPhDstudents.Someofthemasterstudents have already defend their thesis and continue to contribute to the research activities oftheirrespective institution.A listof17publicationsareplannedtobesubmittedbeforeDecember2013. Finally activity like the last SUSFISH Symposium in June 2013 contributed to strengthencapacityandpartnershipamongSUSFISHpartners,especiallyforsouthernpartners.

WS16 APPEAR PhD Project: Potential of aquaculture in Burkina Faso

Phillipe SAWADOGO and Adama OUEDA

Theworld’s population is still growing, and this situationwill lead to a continuous increase indemandforfood.Fishandfisheryproductsaresourcesofproteinandessentialmicronutrientsforvaluable nutritional balance and health. However with the depletion of fisheries, aquaculture isemerging as a viable alternative to meet the increasingly growing of fish products. Compared to

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other countries in sub‐SaharanAfrica,BurkinaFaso’s aquaculture continues toproduce little, lessthan400tonnes(2008),despiteitstheoreticalpotentialestimatedto110000tonnesperyear.

Thepromotionofaquacultureinaparticulararearequirespriorknowledgeof itspotentialandrisk assessment. Today, policy makers, researchers, extension workers, donors and otherstakeholdersinthefieldofaquacultureareconfrontedwithtwomajorchallengesinthepromotionofaquaculture:(1)Identifywhereandunderwhatconditionsdifferenttypesofaquaculturewouldbe feasible and (2) What major risks and constraints need to be overcome for each type ofaquaculture.TheoverallgoalofthisstudyistoassesstheaquaculturepotentialinBurkinaFasointheframeworkforabestcontributionintheimplementationofitsnationalstrategyforsustainabledevelopment and management of fisheries and aquaculture. This study aims to (1) study wellestablished aquaculture systems inWest Africa, (2) assess the potential for implementing viableaquacultures inBurkinaFaso,basedontheotherWestAfricancountriesexperiences, (3)examinetwo cases of studies on aquacultures (Intensive system in Bagre District and semi‐intensive inBazegaDistrict).

ThepresentstudywillbeundertakeninBurkinaFasoandinpreselectedWestAfricancountries:Nigeria,Ghana,BeninandIvoryCoastwhereaquacultureiswellestablished.Theexpectedresultsofthisstudyare:

ThepotentialofBurkinaFaso’saquacultureatsmallscaleandatcommercialscalefortwomajorspecies such as the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the catfish (Clarias gariepinus) isaccuratelyknown.

TheviableaquaculturesystemsinWestAfricaareanalysed;

ThequalityofBagredistrictfishfoodisknown;

Thenaturalfishfoodproductioninsemi–intensivefishfarmsystemsisevaluated

FromMarch2013toSeptember2013,wewillcollectdataregardingbiophysical,socio‐economicand institutional factors from different Ministries in charge of Water resources, Agriculture,LivestockandFish resources, IndustryandTrade,Environmentandother institutions suchas theNationalOffice for soil resources, theNavigation and SecurityAgency (ASECNA), and theWildlifeAgency(OFINAP).WestartedourliteraturereviewfromFAOandSARNISSAwebsites,thelibraryoftheInstituteforResearchandDevelopment(IRD‐BurkinaFaso)andSciencesdirect.com.

Themethodofsiteevaluationbasedonthecouplingofageographicinformationsystem(GIS)toamulti‐criteriadecisionmakingmethods(MCDM)willbeused.GISallowsthelocationofsiteswhilemulti‐criteriaanalysisfacilitatesqualitativeassessment.Surveys(individualandfocusgroup)willbeconductedforcollectingqualitativeandquantitativedataonpotentialsitesthatwillbeidentifiedbytheliteraturereviewandaquacultureexperts.DataanalysiswillbedoneusingRSoftware,SPSS,GISsoftwareandSAQUA(SuitabilityAnalysisandQueryforAquaculture)developedbytheWorldFishCenter. This study will contribute to a best understanding of aquaculture potential and improvedecisionmakingforasustainabledevelopmentofaquacultureinBurkinaFaso.

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WS17 Fish migration and Archimedes screw – hydro connect - Fish Lift INSIDE

(Excursion)

Bernhard ZEIRINGER & Walter ALBRECHT

Freshwaterfishdependonacomplexsystemofdifferinghabitatssinceavarietyof life‐history‐demands need to be fulfilled. Often their life requires moving between habitats. Migrations areundertakenfordifferentreasons,suchasthechangeof life‐stages,spawning,or fooduptake.Theyare also essential to ensure the dispersal of species and themaintenance of genetic fitness of thepopulations.

Damsandweirsconstructedforhydroelectricpowerproductionorriverregulationcanblockordelayupstreamfishmigrationandthuscontributetothedeclineandeventheextinctionofspeciesthat depend on longitudinal movements. Mortality rates resulting from fish passage throughhydraulic turbines or over spillways during their downstream migration can be significant.Experienceshowsthatmortalityinthecourseofdownstreammigrationcanalsobeamajorfactoraffectingfishstocks.Habitatlossoralteration,dischargemodificationsaswellasdelaysinmigrationcaused by constructed barriers are significant issues. Addressing these pressures by theimplementation of appropriate measures (such as fishways, fish‐friendly turbines) constitutes amajorchallengefortheimprovementofenvironmentalconditions.Whilesignificantknowledgeandpractical experience for the planning and design of measures to ensure upstream migration ofdifferent fish species is available, effectivemeasures for downstreammigration still need furtherdevelopment.

The Archimedes’ screw, historically used as a facility to lift water to higher levels, is nowcommonlyusedasaturbineforpowergeneration.Waterenteringthescrewinducesrotationthatdrives an electric generator. ‘Hydro connect’ and ‘fish Lift INSIDE’, a new Archimedes’ screwconceptsof the inventorWalterAlbrecht, combineawaterpowerplantanda fishpass inasinglemachine. This turbine type basically consists of amain screw rigidly coupledwith a hollow pipe.Within the central cylindrical shaft is a counter‐rotating screw lifting a small amount of waterupstream.Duetoitslowrotationalfrequencyandthereforeitsinsignificantshearforcesorpressurechangesthistypeofturbineisfish‐friendlyandenablesmigrationinbothdirections.

Wemonitored fishbehavior inandaroundaprototypeof the ‘Hydroconnect’ inasmallalpinerivertodemonstratetheoperationalcapabilityforupstreammigration.Themainresearchquestionswere(1)whichfishspeciesmigrateupstream(2)whichlifestagesmigrateupstreamand(3)isthepassage harmful for fish. Four different fish species (Brown trout Salmo trutta fario; GraylingThymallusthymallus,BullheadCottusgobioandRainbowtroutOncorhynchusmykiss)werestockeddownstreamofthehydropowerplantandupstreammigrationwasrecordedoverninedays.Withintheinvestigationperiod151outof372stockedfishmigratedupstream.Allspeciesandalllifestageswere able tomigrate upstream. After passing the turbine in both directions no injured fishweredetected. Further research with other species has to be carried out in order to investigate thecapabilityoftheinnovativefishpass.

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WestAfricaSymposium27.‐28June2013

InstitutFrançaisVienne

WelcomebyS.E.G.ROUSSONIntroductionbyJ.L.STEFFAN&A.H.MELCHERAustrianfilmpremiere:“LesgrandsBarragesenAfriquede l´Ouest” adocumentary filmproducedby IUCNand

ECOWAS(EconomicCommunityofWestAfricanStates).

Keynote

SY01 Eau et biodiversité au Burkina Faso. Etat de la recherché Water and Biodiversity in Burkina Faso

Adama OUEDA

LeBurkinaFasoestunpaysdel’Afriquedel’ouestsoumisàunclimattropicalcaractérisépardesvariations pluviométriques considérables avec deux saisons très contrastées. Cette situationentraîneunefaibledisponibilitédesressourceseneauxdesurfacesurtoutensaisonsèchequidurede8à9mois.Pourpallierceproblème,denombreuxaménagementsontétédoncréaliséssur lescoursd’eauxdanstoutlepays.Cesaménagementsonteuetontdesimpactssurlaqualitédeseauxetsurlafauneetlaflorequileshabitent.

Laconférenceferaletourdelaquestionenabordantsuccessivement:

‐Leproblèmedeladisponibilitédel’eauetlessolutionsmisesenplacepourlerésoudre,

‐Lesconséquencesdesaménagementssurlaquantitéetlaqualitédesressourceseneaux,

‐L’étatetl’impactdesaménagementssurlabiodiversitéaquatique,

‐La contribution de la recherche à la compréhension et à la résolution des problèmes liés à lagestiondesressourceseneau.

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Symposium Session 1 Sustainable Water Management

SY02 Why and for whom to develop fisheries in Burkina Faso?

Philippe CECCHI

InBurkinaFaso,fisheriesofthenumerousreservoirsscatteredinruralareascontributetofulfilldomesticrequirements.Importationsoffisheryproductsarehoweverincreasing,evenifthenumberofproduction’ssitesispermanentlygrowing.Intensificationoffisheriescouldbediscussedinusingthe network created by these numerous water masses. Different strategies could be promoted,dependingonthesizeofthetargetedsites.

Fisheriesassociatedwithlargereservoirs,whichproductionconcernsmainlytheprincipalurbanmarkets, are already managed with the aim of preserving the resource and controlling itsexploitation.Butmostoftheproductionsitesarerelatedtomedium‐sizeinfrastructuresandtosmallreservoirs whose number is in permanent augmentation. Their real productivity remainsunderestimated. These small‐scale fisheries are closely linked to local markets: 70% of the ruralpopulationlivelessthan15kmfromatleasttworeservoirs.Theirexploitationismainlyassumedbyfishermenwho are also engaged in agricultural activities using the samewater resource, namelyirrigated‐cultures.Insuchcase,fisheries’expansionshouldexplicitlyacknowledgeandcopewiththecomplementarityofactivitiesimplementedbylocalstakeholders.

SY03 Fisheries management in West Africa

M.HenriZERBO&RaymondOUEDRAOGO

Thispaperaimsatdescribingfisheriesinthe16WestAfricancountries:15membercountriesofthe Economic Community Of West African Stated (ECOWAS) and Mauritania. It analyses thetypology,theimportanceofcapturefisheriesandaquaculture,thepotentialsconstraints,threatsandopportunities. About 10million people work in fisheries in Africa, of which 70% inWest Africa.Becauseitcontributesincreasinglytotheeconomy,foodsecurityandpovertylessening,fishingisanimportantassetfordevelopmentinWestAfrica.

ThefishproductionoftheECOWASincreasedfrom300000tin1960to1854000in2000,whichcorresponds to 1.4% of the world fish production. Including Mauritania, West Africa produces 2million tons per year. In West Africa people consume fish more than in Africa in general (11.8kg/pers/yr, vs. 8.2). Within West Africa there are big differences in fish consumption betweencountries:2.1inNigerand27inSenegal.Therearealsoimportantdifferencesbetweeninlandandcoastal countries. The stocks of West African countries exhibit some sign of over‐exploitation,especially for demersal species because of the inadequacy and incoherence in policies andinstitutions and the illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. Dominated by foreign boats, theWestAfricanindustrialfisheriesareallmarine.Itexploitshighcommercialspeciesandcontributesto38%of the total sub‐regional production.The remaining62%belong to the artisanal fisheries,

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whichusesmallerboatsandemploythemajorityoffishermenpopulation.Womenmainlyworkinthepost‐harvestactivities(processingandselling).

WestAfricaisgrantedmanyrivers,lakes,reservoirsandlagoons.Localpeoplefishthesewatersfor food and income. Inland fisheries are artisanal anduse gillnets, cast nets, traps and longlines.Somecanoesaremotorized.TheproductionofinlandfisheriesishighinMali,NigeriaandGhanabuttheymeetimportantpost‐harvestlosses.Thedevelopmentofaquacultureaimsatmeetingthegapsbetweenthedecreasinglandingsandtheincreasingdemandforfish.Itisthoughtthattheregionhasimportant assets foraquaculturedevelopment.Atpresentmost important species foraquaculturearetilapia,Africancatfishandtheshrimps.

ManyinstitutionssuchasECOWAS,theWestAfricanEconomicandMonetaryUnions(UEMOA),theNewPartnership forAfricanDevelopment (NEPAD), the IUCNandWetlands International areinvolvedinfisheries.In2005theECOWASdevelopedanagriculturalpolicyandregionalprogrammefor the development of fisheries and aquaculture and the programme for capacities building. AregionalcommitteeforthemonitoringofthecoherenceoffisheriespoliciesinWestAfricawassetin2010.AdiversityofinitiativesinotherregionalinstitutionsandNGOsexists.

SY04 Fish and benthic invertebrate assemblages in the Upper Nakambe catchment

Sebastian STRANZL, Thomas KOBLINGER, Paul MEULENBROEK, Daniel TRAUNER, Otto

MOOG, Thomas HUBER & Andreas MELCHER

FishisanimportantproteinsourceforthepopulationofBurkinaFaso.Thisstudy,supportedbythe BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna and the University ofOuagadougou, analyses fish and benthic invertebrates’ assemblages and their habitat use in theUpper Nakambe catchment of Burkina Faso located in the central part ofWest Africa. The studygives an overview on the available habitat conditions and their effect on biotic communitycompositionandabundancesaswellasonhabitatuseofsinglespecies.Themainobjectivesofthisstudy is to characterize fish and benthic invertebrates assemblages in the sampled area, to findhuman pressureswhich lead to a decrease of biota, to find species sensitive to pressures and toproposemeasurementsforimprovement.

SamplingtookplaceatthebeginningofthedryseasonbetweenOctoberandDecember2013.The26samplingsites(riversandreservoirs)weresituatedinthecatchmentoftheNakamberiverandincluded the capitalOuagadougou, agriculturally impacted sites inKoubri andBagre, thedrinkingwater reservoirofZiga,protectedwaterbodies in thegameparkNazingaandpotential referencesitesfromtheareaaroundBoboDioulasso(Mouhouncatchment)andBanfora(Comoecatchment).Oneachsamplingsite,adjacentlanduse,obviousstressors,physicalandenvironmentalparameterswerenotedadditionally.WatersamplesweretakenfromselectedsitesandtransferredtoaprivatelaboratoryinOuagadougouforchemicalanalysis.

Toanswerthesequestionswesampled157fishhabitats,caught18,335individualsandrecordedatotalnumberof16families,35generaand70speciesinfourdifferentriverreaches.Therearelistsprovidedwiththespatialdistributionofthecaughtspecies,rangesfordifferenthabitatparametersandusagecurvesof fourkeyspecies; i.e.LabeocubieshowsacoarsersubstrateusagethanBagrusbajad;andthehabitatofChelaethiopsbibieexhibitshighoccurrences forXylal. Theresultsof this

26

researchmake important contribution to general knowledge onhabitat use and ecologyof fish insemi‐arid areas of Africa. They can be used as amanagement tool for a healthy ecosystem and asustainable fishery that in turn contributes to food security.However, overfishing, fragmentation,agriculture and other human pressures decline the fish population’s diversity and biomass.Biological indicators like fishorbenthic invertebrate indicesareessential forassessmentofwaterandecosystemhealthandsustainablemanagementtoassurefoodsecurityandhealthywaterbodies.Thisisabasicworkfordevelopingfishbasedassessmentmethods.

For benthic invertebrateswe investigated in particular if and how benthic river and reservoircommunitiesdiscriminateandhowthetaxacompositionreactstoanthropogenicstressors.Intotal,outof20000specimen105taxaweredetermined.Specialistsconfirmedthehighpotentialforthediscovery of new species. NMS and Cluster analysis showed a separation between riverine andreservoir BI communities, indicating the requirement for separate treatment for furtherinvestigation. It is clearly shown that water plant habitats exhibit a higher taxa richness anddiversity (Shannon‐Wiener Biodiversity Index) than sediment habitats. Furthermore water plantsamples display a clearer picture of the species composition after fewer sampling units thansedimentsamples.Agriculturalpressurechangesthetaxacomposition(no.oftaxa,abundance).TheSASS(SouthAfricanScoringSystem)wasappliedtoriversamplesandshowedareactionofthebiotatodifferentintensitiesofanthropogenicpressures.However,thissystemwouldhavetobeadaptedforBurkinabéwaterbodies.Thisworkaimstobethefoundationforthedevelopmentofanationalbioassessmentmethodbasedonbenthicinvertebrates.

SY05 Conservation and Ecosystem services in West- and central Africa

Aime NIANOGO & Moumini SAVADOGO

Humanbeingsdependonnature,especiallyinWestandcentralAfricawheremorethat80%ofthe population rely exclusively on natural resources for their livelihoods. For example humandiarrhea,malaria, yellow fever and sickle cell anemia are routinely and successfully treatedwithlocalplants:sicklecellanemia,treatedwithacombinationofFagaraxanthoxyloidesandCalotropisprocera (Nikiema et al, 2010); diarrhea, hemorrhoids, gingivitis, coughs… but also low milkproductioninyoungmotherstreatedwithAcacianiloticaextracts;alsousedfortanningleather,dyeproduction (Wickens et al. 1995, Lompo, 2005). Several animal diseases treated: Plants such asZanthoxylumzanthoxyloïdes,Caricapapaya,Newbouldialeavis,andMorindalucidaareactiveagainstthe eggs and larvae of nematodes very frequent in West African small ruminants (Hounzangbe‐Adote, 2005). The ecosystems provide food and energy from sustainable forest management,efficientwoodstovespromotedtolimitfirewoodconsumptionandtheuseofsolarenergy.AnnualincomefromforestproductsisestimatedinBurkinaFasoat€112to144forwoodcutters,or40,17%oftotalincomeforwomen(ofwhich56%fromNontimberforestproducts),35,63%formen(26%fromNonTimberForestProducts).

Globally 40% of theworld's economy is based on the use of biological resources, 780millionpeoplelackaccesstocleanwater,morethan70,000plantspeciesareusedintraditionalandmodernmedicine,andcoralreefsprovidecoastalprotectionandothervaluableservicesworthanestimatedUS$170billion a year. Despite this importance, our biodiversity is under intensive pressure. ThestatusanddistributionoffreshwaterbiodiversityinWesternAfricahasbeenassessedbyIUCNred

27

list experts (Smith and al., 2009). This report indicates clearly that the inlandwaters ofWesternAfricasupportahighdiversityofaquaticspecieswithhighlevelsofendemism.Estimatednumbersofinlandwater‐dependentspeciesbymajortaxonomicgroupinWestAfrica:563fishes,90molluscs,287Odonates,35Crabsrepresenting2to5%ofglobaldescribedspecies.Morethan14%ofspeciesacross the region are currently threatened and future levels of threat are expected to risesignificantly due to a growing population and the corresponding demand of natural resources.Threatened species, comprising critical endangered, endangered and vulnerable species) areestimated at 26%, 9%, 18% and 40% for fishes,molluscs, odonates and scrabs respectively. Themajor threats to species diversity are related to habitat losses and degradation (agriculture,deforestation,mining,humansettlements anddams),waterpollution,droughts and invasivealienspecies.Itindicatesalsothatspeciesinformationremainsverylimitedformanyspecieswithintheregion. Even for described species 11% (fish) to 20% (crabs) couldn’t be assessed due to datadeficiency.

Theinternationalunionforconservationofnature,foundedin1948istheworld’slargestglobalenvironmental organization. It works to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout theworld to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of naturalresourcesisequitableandecologicallysustainable.IUCNprovidesthelatestscienceandknowledgeonecosystemsandbiodiversityandtheircontributiontohumanwell‐being,runshundredsoffieldprojects around the world to better manage natural environments and helps governments,communities,NGOsand theprivatesectordevelopenvironmental laws,policiesandbestpractice.The flagship products of IUCN related to science and knowledge about biodiversity and guidingactionontheground includetheRedListofThreatenedSpecies™, theRedListofEcosystems, theWorldDatabaseofProtectedAreas,anewlistofKeyBiodiversityAreas.

TheSUSFISHprojectandspeciallythepresentsymposiumisanopportunityforIUCNtoexpandits cooperation with Austrian and French partners for adapting approaches to BiodiversityConservationaswellasfillingthescienceandknowledgegapstoadapteddecisionmaking.

SY06 Health, fisheries and food security in Burkina Faso

Leon SAVADOGO

ThisarticleaddressesthehealthandpovertysituationinBurkinaFaso.InBurkinaFaso,povertyis more rural and peri‐urban. The country is characterized by recurrent droughts and irregularrainfall.Precarioushealthandhygieneconditionsareadirectconsequenceofenvironmentalfactors.In rural sites, cleanwater remains scarce and the use of contaminatedwater iswidespread, thuscontributingtoahighprevalenceofdiarrhealillnessesandparasiticinfestations.

WhatareindicatorstodescribehealthinBurkinaFaso.Malaria,respiratoryinfectionsandothercommunicablediseases suchasmeaslesandmeningitis are common.BurkinaFasohasoneof theworst health status profiles in the West African sub‐region: (1) high rates of infant and childmortalityand(2)maternalmortality.Thedeteriorationinhealthindicatorshasbeengreateramongthepoorestgroupsthanamongtherich.CurrentnutritionalstatusinBurkinaFaso.Under‐nutrition,and high mortality and morbidity, have persist. Compared to Sub Saharan Africa countries,

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prevalenceofundernutritionishigh,25.9%in2012.InBurkinaFaso,inruralareas,under‐nutritionoftenoccursduringtheleanseason.

Linkage between fish intake, fishing and food security and nutritional Status. The term ‘foodsecurity’, was defined by FAO as ‘Food security is a conditionwhen all people, at all times, havephysicalandeconomicaccesstosufficient,safeandnutritiousfoodtomeettheirdietaryneedsandfoodpreferencesforanactiveandhealthylife’.Thisdefinitionincludesthenutritionalaspectthatisdescribedas‘accesstonutritiousfoodtomeettheirdietaryneeds’.Howfishintakeandfisheriescancontribute to improving nutritional status. Fish is more nutritious than staple foods, providinganimalprotein,essentialfattyacidsandmicronutrients.

Fishconsumptioncanimprovehumannutritionalstatus.FAOstatisticsshowthatfishprovide22to50%ofproteinintakeinsubSaharanAfrica,anditscontributiontocaloric intakeis80caloriesdaily. Basic determinants of nutritional status are: available natural resources, technology andnationaleconomicpolicies.Underlyingdeterminantsare:healthservices:accessibilityandqualitiesincareandprevention,household foodsecurity. Immediatedeterminantsare:diseaseanddietaryintake.

Roles of fish‐related activities and interventions in improving food and nutrition security. It ispossible to improve nutritional status through influencing dietary intake directly, and raisingproductivity and household income. Several interventions related to fish intake, aquaculture andcapturefisheriescanbe implemented.Twomainorientations:(A) fishrelated interventionswhichfocus on improving dietary intake: promoting household fish consumption and (B) fish relatedinterventions which focus on household food security: aquaculture, small fisheries, trading andmarketingwithanemphasisontheroleofwomen.Empoweringwomeninthoserelatedactivitiescanbeawaytoachievebetterresults.

SY07 Fisheries and society in Burkina Faso:

Towards a "retraditionalization" of local practices?

Vincent-Paul SANON & Patrice TOE

BurkinaFasoisacountrypoorlyendowedwithnaturalsurfacewaterresources.Itsriversystemsflowmostlyintermittently.Toaddresstheseacutewaterproblems,especiallyafterthebigdroughtof the 70s, the Government undertook to construct numerouswater supply structures (reservoirdams)throughoutthecountrytopromotefarmingandfishinginordertoincreaseself‐sufficiency.

Thesedevelopments revolutionized theactivityof fishing,pulling considerable changesboth inquantities of the product stemming from fishing and in the practices of the populations. Theserealizationsalsohavesocialimplications(withanewruralorganizationoftheruralmiddle)aswellas an economic implication. So, they translate a certain technocracy and an ideology, involving apoolingoftheresourceswiththeaimofasustainabledevelopment.Theresultonthegroundendsinaconfrontationoftwologics:onebasedonthelegalityrepresentedbytheStateandtheotheroneonthelegitimacywhichoftenleadsin"retraditionnalisation"ofthelocalpractices,oftenannullingtheeffortsofdevelopment.

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Symposium Session 2 Higher Education, Perspectives and Partnership

SY08 APPEAR - From a new idea to successful partnerships

Elke STINNIG

TheconsortiumAustrianAgencyforInternationalCooperationinEducationandResearch(OeAD‐GmbH)and Latin‐America Institute(LAI)implements the new program of Austrian DevelopmentCooperation(ADC)forthepromotionofacademicpartnershipsbetween'SouthandNorth'.

AccordingtothedevelopmentpolicytrendinEuropeandtheADC‘StrategyonHigherEducationand Scientific Cooperation’the new'Austrian Partnership Programme in Higher Education andResearch for Development ‐appear'for the period 2010‐2014 supports partnerships betweenhigher education institutions in Austria and ADC key regions. The objectives are to improve thequality in teachingandresearch, tomake themanagementand theadministrationat the involvedinstitutionsmoreeffectiveandtostrengthenthescientificdialoguenationallyandinternationally.

Under the superordinate goal of poverty reductionAppearalso contributes to a discourse insocietyaboutqualityandorientationofdevelopmentingeneral.Theinstitutionalpartnershipsarebased on a cooperative collaboration and mutual respect for different cultural contexts andapproaches.Itisalsobasedonissuesthatareofhighrelevanceparticularlyforthepartnersinthe'South'.Theexploitationoftheresultsalsofollowsaparticipatoryapproach–forexamplethroughmutualexchangeofteachingstafforjointpublicationsandpresentations.

SY09 Higher Education in Burkina Faso: Through mutations, to support sustainable

development

Adama OUEDA

After its independence in1960,BurkinaFaso (formerUpperVolta)wasengaged in theway todevelopment and welfare by establishing a number of institutions including higher educationinstitutes.In1965thefirstHigherInstitutewascreated,whichquicklyevolvedintoauniversity.

Since then many changes and improvements were made to the Higher Education system.However, ina changingworld,BurkinaFaso is still in searchof the right formulas formeeting itsambitions. Indeed, many problems such as inadequate curricula, overstaffing and the effects ofmisunderstandingofdemocracyrules,plaguetheeducationsystem.

RecentchangesintheHigherEducationsystemofBurkinaFaso,thereforesoughttoaddresssuchconcernsby creatingnewpublic universities, encouraging the creationof privateuniversities anddiversifying training and curricula. These changes also aims to fit theHigher education system inBurkinaFaso to the international standard, then to allow, amongother things, themobilityof thestudentsandmakethemmorecompetitiveintheinternationaljobmarket.

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SY10 Gender in fisheries and water management

Colette KABORE

LagestiondurabledesRessourceseneauethalieutiquesestfondamentaleetnesauraitaboutirsansunepriseencomptedel’approchegenre.L’objectifglobalestdepermettreuneparticipationdetoutes les parties prenantes et particulièrement les groupes vulnérables pour garantir uneappropriationetunevalorisationdesrésultatsdelarecherche.

Laméthodologieutiliséeauvuedelatransversalitégenreest l’intégrationdesonapprocheauxdifférentsstadesdelarecherche.Ils’agitnotammentdel’intégrationdelavisiongenreauprotocole,l’amendementdesoutilsdecollectededonnéespourpermettrelaparticipationetl’expressiondesbesoins de tous particulièrement des groupes vulnérables. L’organisation de l’atelierd’internalisation du genre, l’implication de femmes et jeunes aux équipes pour avoir toutes lessensibilités; la créationdeconditions favorablesà laparticipationde femmesauxenquêtessur leterrain.Larecherchedeladurabilitéaconduitl’équipeàprogrammerdessensibilisationsdansuncadrequidépasse lapêche, la conduited’étude spécifiques.. Lesplaidoyers sont faits à toutes lesrencontrespouruneconsidérationcontinuedesinégalitésgenre.

Le profile genre au niveau des communautés de pêche présente des inégalités d’accès auxressourcesentrefemmes(20%)ethommes(80%).Surcertainespêcheriesentrelesmigrantsetlesautochtones.Unfaiblepouvoirdecontrôleetdeprisededécisionsurl’utilisationdesressourcesparles groupes vulnérables particulièrement les femmes et les jeunes. Cela entraine un déséquilibrecroissantde labalancedebienêtreentre femmeethomme;entrericheetpauvreetc.LeBurkinaFasocompteprèsde32699pêcheursdont14%de femmes ; 2983 transformateursdepoisonsdont82%defemmes;(DGRH,2010);et3375decommerçantsdepoissonsdont54%defemmes.Lesrôlesdesfemmesetdeshommessontcomplémentairesdanslesecteurdespêches.

Denombreuxobstacles limitent les activitésde la femmedans lapêche. La femmeest chargéed’accomplirdemultiplestâchesquiluioccupentdutempsetl’obligentàtravaillerausol.C’estparexempleletissageetlaréparationdesfilets.Latransformationdupoissonetsacommercialisation.Lerôletraditionnelattribuéàlafemmerestreintsesinterventionsdufaitqu’elledoitveilleraubienêtredesenfantsets’occuperdestâchesménagères.Lesperceptionsetlesstéréotypesdéveloppésàl’égard de la femme influencent son comportement et créent des barrières qui affectent saparticipationactiveauxactivitésdepêche.

Parailleurs, larecherchéestrestéelongtempspeusensibleaugenre.Lesbesoinsspécifiquesetles intérêts stratégiques des catégories socio‐professionnelles et économiques ont été peuconsidérésdanslesstratégiesdegestiondespêcheries.Lapréoccupationactuelleest:

Commentrenforcerlacontributiondesgroupesvulnérablesparticulièrementdesfemmesetdesjeunesàlagouvernancedespêcheries?

Commentlarecherchepeutmieuxcontribueràvaloriserlerôledesgroupesvulnérablesetparticulièrementlesfemmesetlesjeunesdanslagestiondurabledesressourceseneauethalieutiques?

LeGouvernementduBurkinaFasoestconscientdel’importancequedoit jouer legenredans les stratégiessectoriellesdedéveloppement.Cela s’est traduitpar la créationd’unMinistèredelaPromotiondelaFemmeetduGenre,l’adoptiondelaPolitiqueNationale

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Genre(PNG), ‘’la promotion du genre’’ comme principe dans la Stratégie de CroissanceAccéléréeetdeDéveloppementDurableduBurkinaFaso.

Nouspouvonsnoterdéjàquelquesrésultatsatteintsdans lamiseenœuvreduprojet. Ils’agit notammentde l’améliorationde sensibilité au genrepar l’équipeduprojet etdesgroupescibles.L’harmonisationduconceptet lapropositiondespistesd’intégrationdugenre; l’élaboration de protocoles et outils de collectes de données qui intègrent lesdisparitésgenre;l’implicationdefemmesdansleséquipesderecherche;l’organisationdeconférence sur le genre et la recherche scientifique de concert avec l’Association desFemmes Scientifiques et le projet d’élaboration de stratégie d’intégration du genre audéveloppementdespêcheries.

Il est recommandé de promouvoir l’accès aux ressources et à l’emploi par les groupesvulnérables particulièrement les femmes et les jeunes ; renforcer les compétencestechniquesetalléger lestâchesdesfemmes;Faciliter laparticipationactivedesgroupesvulnérables aux prises de décision et de développer une stratégie de communicationadaptée.

SY11 Rural transformation - ideas and concepts for improved outcomes

Birgit HABERMANN

Ruraltransformationthatenablesfarmerstodeveloptheirownagendabasedontheirknowledgeand innovations isgainingmoreandmoreground in research fordevelopment.At thesame time,researchersarecalleduponathoroughre‐thinkingofresearchandknowledgeproductionpractices.

Rather than updating buzzwords and searching for new approaches,more attention should bepaid to gender and disciplinary balance; cooperation with informed and updated stakeholders;showing respect and competence, as well as sound knowledge of methods when working withfarmers; developing good relations, knowing people’s interests, their possible fears andreservations; and to work with farmers during a reasonable time span extending beyondconventionalprojectlifetimesof2to3years.Finallyforsustainableoutcomes,researchshouldalsopay more attention to continuous monitoring and organisational learning, in order to avoidduplicationsandredundancies.

SY12 Adaptive science to integrate natural and social factors

Jan SENDZIMIR

The societies and ecosystems of the Sahel appear increasingly vulnerable to climatic andeconomicuncertaintyatthebeginningofthetwenty‐firstcentury.Formorethanonehundredyearssevereepisodesofdroughtand faminehavedrivenmassive livestock lossesandhumanmigrationandmortality.SoilerosionandtreelossreducedawoodlandtoascrubsteppeandfedamythoftheSahara desert relentlessly advancing southward. Since 1990 thismyth has been shattered by the

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dramaticreforestationofmorethan5millionhectaresintheMaradiandZinderRegionsofNiger.Nosingle actor, policy, or practice appears behind this successful regreening of the Sahel. Multipleactors,institutionsandprocessesoperatedatdifferentlevels,times,andscalestoinitiateandsustainthisreforestationtrend.

Weusedsystemsanalysis toexamine thepatternsof interactionasbiophysical, livelihood,andgovernanceindicatorschangedrelativetooneanotherduringforestdeclineandrebound.Itappearsthat forest decline was reversed when critical interventions helped to shift the direction ofreinforcingfeedbacks,e.g.,viciouscycleschangedtovirtuousones.Reversalstowardde‐forestationor reforestation were preceded by institutional changes in governance, then livelihoods andeventually in the biophysical environment. Biophysical change sustained change in the other twodomainsuntilinterventionsintroducednewideasandinstitutionsthatslowedandthenreversedthepattern of feedbacks.We propose to apply such systems analysis to examinewhat factors act asbarriersorbridgestosustainablefisheriesinBurkinaFaso.

SY13 ERA ARD Network

Promoting collaboration in European agricultural research for the world´s poor

Karla Urbana KRIEGER

AgriculturalResearchforDevelopment(ARD)playsacriticalroleinfightingpovertyandhungerand in supportingmore rapidandsustainabledevelopment in thepoorest countriesof theworld.Mostdeveloping countries rely on agriculture as the engine for their economic growth, andmorethan 70% of the poor live in rural areas. In Europe, agriculture and food chains are increasinglyconfronted with challenges such as food safety, animal health and welfare as well as agro‐biodiversitythatclearlyhaveaglobaldimension.

ARD is research that addresses the agricultural challenges and issues faced by developingcountries,emergingcountriesandcountriesintransition.Agricultureisusedinitsbroadsenseandincludescrops,livestock,forestry,fisheries,environmentandnaturalresourcesmanagement.

ARD includescapacity‐buildingandresearch intoagriculturalproduction,productivity, storage,processing and marketing; dissemination, up‐scaling, uptake and distribution of the researchproducts;aswellaspolicy,institutionalandsocietalissues.AgriculturalResearchforDevelopment:avitalcontributiontofacingthechallengesoftheplanet.

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Additional Program

VisitoftheInstitutFrançais,Dr.GuillaumeROUSSON

VisitoftheBOKUUniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciences:

BOKUZIB,Dr.MargaritaCALDERONPETER

BOKUCDRCenterforDevelopmentResearch,Dr.MichaelHAUSER

BOKULibrary,Mag.MartinaHÖRL

BOKUWAUDepartmentWater‐Atmosphere‐Environment,Prof.HerwigWAIDBACHER

BOKU IHG Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Prof. Stefan

SCHMUTZ

HYTECHExperimentalFlowResearchStation,LunzamSee,DIBernhardZEIRINGER

WKLWasserClusterLunzGmbHresearchstation,Prof.RobertPTACNIK

FishFarm„KleinesErlauftal“,ErichLANZENBERGER

WasserkraftschnekeattheRiverJessnitz,ALBRECHTFamily

Visitofthe„Buschenschank“Walter,MBANorbertWALTER(DirectorViennaFarmersAssociation)

Visitofthe“Jesuitenkirche”andSt.Stephan’sCathedral

ExcursiontoriversinLowerAustria(LunzamSee)

RiverDanube,Erlauf,Jessnitz,LunzerSeebach,Ybbs

LargesclaeHydro‐PowerplantYbbsPersenbeugattheDanubeRiver

SmallscaleHydropowerattheriverErlauf

SmallscaleHydropowerattheriverYbbsinLunz

NaturelikefishpassattheriverYbbsinLunz

TechnicalfishpassattheriverErlauf

BoattripontheDanubetoBratislava(optional)

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Web link

http://susfish.boku.ac.at/index.html 

http://www.appear.at/ 

http://www.entwicklung.at/en/ 

http://www.oead.at/ 

http://www.boku.ac.at/home.html 

http://www.wau.boku.ac.at/al.html 

http://www.ird.fr/ 

http://www.g‐eau.net/ 

http://institut‐francais.at/vienne/ 

http://www.verbund.com/pp/de/laufkraftwerk/ybbs‐persenbeug 

http://www.seeterrasse.at/ 

http://www.wasserkluster‐lunz.ac.at/ 

http://www.e‐werk‐schwaighofer.at/ 

http://hydropeaking.boku.ac.at/hytec.htm 

http://www.innovative‐services.at/wasserkraftschnecke/ 

http://www.lod.sk 

http://weingut‐walter‐wien.at/ 

www.univ‐bobo.bf 

http://www.iucn.org/fr/propos/union/secretariat/bureaux/paco/paco_burkinafaso/ 

http://www.univ‐ouaga.bf/ 

SUSFISH Workshop, BOKU Faculty Club 

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Authors

N Name Institution Function Country

1 Dr. Cecchi Phil IRD Institut de recherche pour le développement

Senior Scientist France, Burkina Faso

2 Mag. Habermann Birgit BOKU CDR Centre for Development Research

Senior Scientist Austria

3 Dipl. Ing. Huber Thomas BOKU IHG Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management

Senior Scientist Austria

4 M.Sc. Kabore Colette Ministry of Animal and Fish Resources Gender Expert Burkina Faso

5 M.Sc. Kabre Idrissa BOKU Appear scholarship Phd Student Burkina Faso

6 B.Sc. Koblinger Tom BOKU Master Applied Limnology Master Student Austria

7 Dr. Krieger Karla Ministry of Life, Department for Development Research

Head Austria

8 M.Sc. Mano Komandan BOKU Appear scholarship Phd Student Burkina Faso

9 Dipl. Ing. Dr.

Melcher Andreas BOKU IHG Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management

SUSFISH Coordinator

Austria

10 M.Sc. Meulenbroek Paul BOKU IHG Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management

Scientist Netherlands

11 Prof. Dr. Moog Otto BOKU IHG Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management

SUSFISH Supervisor

Austria

12 Prof. Dr. Nianogo Aime IUCN West and Central Africa Programme

Head Burkina Faso

13 Dr. Oueda Adama University of Ouagadougou, Dep. Biology

Senior Scientist Burkina Faso

14 Dr. Ouedraogo Raymond Ministry of Research and Innovation SUSFISH Coordinator

Burkina Faso

15 Dipl. Ing. Peloschek Florian BOKU CDR Centre for Development Research

SUSFISH Coordinator

Austria

16 B.Sc. Sanon Vincent-Paul

Polytechnic University of Bobo Dioulasso, Department of Rural Sociology and Economy

Master Student Burkina Faso

17 Dr. Savadogo Moumini IUCN Burkina Faso Programme Head Burkina Faso

18 Dr. Savadogo Leon Polytechnic University of Bobo Dioulasso, Department of health care

Head Burkina Faso

19 M.Sc. Sawadogo Phillipe BOKU Appear scholarship Phd Student Burkina Faso

20 Dr. Sendzimir Jan IIASA Laxenburg, Austria Head – Water and Resilience Group

Austria

21 Dr. Mag. Slezak Gabriele University of Vienna, Department of African Studies

Senior Scientist Austria

22 Dipl. Ing. Stinnig Elke APPEAR / OeAD Supervisor SUSFISH

Austria

23 B.Sc. Stranzl Sebastian BOKU Master Applied Limnology Master Student Austria

24 Prof. Dr. Toe Patrice Polytechnic University of Bobo Dioulasso, Department of Rural Sociology and Economy

Head Burkina Faso

25 B.Sc. Trauner Daniel BOKU Master Applied Limnology Master Student Austria

26 Dipl. Ing. Zeiringer Bernhard BOKU IHG Senior Scientist Austria

27 Ing. Albrecht Walter Innovative-services.at CEO Austria

28 M.Sc. Zerbo Henri Ministry of Animal and Fish Resources, General Directorate for Fish Resources

Director Burkina Faso

36

Institut Français Vienne, Salon Rouge 

37

H, Zerbo, P. Toe, R. Ouedraogo, S.E. Mme S. R. Bogore  Aimé Nianogo and J.L. Steffan

E. Stinnig, F. Peloschek, J. Sendzimir, A. Oueda, L. Savadogo, S. Stranzl, H. Zerbo, P, Toe, T. Koblinger

P. Cecchi et al.

Excursion, Danube Hydropower Ybbs: K. Kabore, P. Toe, A. Oueda, G. Kerl, K, Mano, L. Savadogo, H. Zerbo, K. Krieger, R. Ouedraogo, F. Peloschek, M. Savadogo, H. Zerbo, J. Sendzimir, Jo S., A. Melcher, J.L. Steffan, I. Kabore