Upload
vodan
View
236
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines - II
International Symposium
Organized by: Turbine Testing Lab
Department of Mechanical Engineering Kathmandu University
3/19/2013
Contents Background ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Program Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 2
Program ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
Presenters’ Information ............................................................................................................................. 2
Activity Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 2
List of Participants ........................................................................................................................................ 5
List of Student Participating Audience ......................................................................................................... 7
Presentation Summary and Slides ................................................................................................................. 8
Photos ........................................................................................................................................................ 174
Background
The increasing population of the world is inevitable. Due to this we are becoming increasingly dependent to different forms of energy. The use of traditional sources of energy like fossil fuels and other non-renewable energy are getting expensive and scarce. The world however, has a good reserve of hydropower and this will continue to be available until the end of the world.
Nepal has a huge potential of hydropower due to the presence of large amount of water resources and diverse topographic conditions with sharp changes in elevation. The snow capped mountains and glaciers of the Himalayan range and the areas exposed to regular monsoon rainfall are the sources of these water resources. The water resources accounts for an average annual precipitation of 1530 mm and surface water availability of 225 billion cubic meters per annum through its 6000 rivers and rivulets. The hydropower potential of Nepal is estimated as 83,000 MW, out of which, 114 projects have been identified as economically feasible with a combined capacity of 45,610 MW. Despite of this huge potential, only about 652 MW is harnessed till date which is less than 2 % of the total capacity. This shows that if the available resource is utilized properly, there is a high scope of hydropower development in the future years.
However, there are some technical challenges in operation and maintenance of hydropower projects. The main problems in these regions are of sediments present in the river water. The rivers in this region carries large amount of sediments containing high percentage of hard abrasive minerals like quartz which cause rapid erosion of turbine components and affect the performance of turbines. This in turn decreases the efficiency, reliability and operating life of the hydropower projects. Similarly there are many challenges in different part of the world in the similar manner to increase its efficiency, reliability and life and different researches have been conducted domestically and internationally in hydropower sector to develop the sector in different terms.
This symposium was conducted to bring researcher from the universities in Nepal and abroad from Norway, Sweden and United Kingdom to discuss their researches. The symposium also provided the BE student an exposure to international arena and highlight their current researches. It also provided the platform to share the experiences of current trend in turbine technology.
2
Program Overview
Turbine Testing Lab has organized an International Symposium on "Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II" on the occasion of its first anniversary. This symposium was the continuation of the first Symposium organized on 23 March 2010.
The scope of Symposium was focused at PhD and Masters Students thesis works related to Hydro turbines. However, R&D activities related to hydro power in general have also been covered. The main objective of this symposium was to bring young researchers working in hydropower sector to a common platform to share their research experiences and also develop networking for future endeavors.
Program Date: 19 March 2013, Tuesday Venue: C.V. Raman Auditorium, KU, Dhulikhel, Time: 9:00 am onwards
Presenters’ Information
Country University Level Number
Norway Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
PhD 1
Masters 12
Nepal Kathmandu University, Nepal
PhD 2
Masters 3
Bachelors 5
Sweden Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Masters 1
United Kingdom
University of LEEDS Researcher at PEEDA
1
Total 25
Activity Summary
A one day international Symposium on “Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II” organized by Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering on 19 March 2013, on the occasion of its first anniversary, was accomplished efficaciously with huge applaud from all the participants and presenters. The program started at 9:30 am with the welcome speech by Prof. Dr. BholaThapa, Dean, School of Engineering, Kathmandu University. Prof. Thapa talked about challenges faced during the planning and construction period of the lab and also assured to implement the outputs of research into business in coming years. He welcomed all the participants and presenters from different universities with deep gratitude.
The welcome speech was followed by program overview by Mr. Biraj Singh Thapa, Symposium coordinator, Assistant Professor and Faculty-In-Charge, TTL. He highlighted the facts and features of
3
Turbine Testing Lab, Kathmandu University. He also talked about the ongoing research projects at Lab and the recent accomplishments made in his presentation.
The symposium was inaugurated by Dr. Ram Kantha Makaju Shrestha, Vice-Chancellor, Kathmandu University. In his inaugural speech, he shared his amusing experience in his field and inspired every participants and presenters present in the auditorium. He urged the young researchers to take the problems as challenges and convert them into opportunities. He also assured that as the team leader the university he will not leave a sing stone unturned to achieve the goals and objective of KU. He also extended his warm wishes and greetings and wished for the success of the symposium.
After the brief inauguration session, the first round of presentation session was instigated. The presentation session was attention-grabbing and remarkable with diverse group of presenters present in the symposium. A total of 25 presentations were made of which 13 presentations were made by the students from Norwegian Institute of Science and Technology, 10 presentations were made by students from Kathmandu University, 1 presentation was by Masters Student from Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden and 1 presentation was by researcher at PEEDA.
The first session of presentation was chaired by Dr. Hari Prasad Neopane, Associate Professor, Kathmandu University. He is an expert in Hydraulic Turbine Design and sediment erosion. Presenter Peter Joachim Gogstad started the session with his presentation on the topic “Pressure Pulsations in Francis Turbine”, PhD candidate, NTNU. Juben Bhaukajee, MS by masters’ student from Kathmandu University spoke about the economic and financial analysis of Nepalese hydro power sector in his topic ‘Review of hydropower development in Nepal’. First session consisted of ten presentations including a presentation from the Chris O’Rourke, Researcher in PEEDA and a master’s graduate form University of Leeds, United Kingdom. He presented on his project on the topic “Design &Development Research: 1KW Low –Head Pico Pico System” which is to be tested n the Turbine Testing Lab itself. Similarly a master’s student from Royal Institute of Technology, Mr. Sailesh Chitrakar presented on “Implementation of FSI in Engineering Application”. He discussed on the implementation of FSI in reference to the turbine runner in context to symposium.
At the end of the session I the Chairman summarized all the presentations. And a brief question and answer session was followed, in which the audience came up with very interesting questions and made the information sharing more effective.
Session II was chaired by Mr. Brijesh Adhikary, Acting HOD of Electrical Engineering Department, Kathmandu University who is also the project leader in a mini grid design project and project coordinator in Community Education Pilot Project. This session started with the presentation of PhD Candidate at KU, Mr. Laxman Poudel on the topic “Study on sediment characterization & its impact on hydraulic Turbine Material”. Second session also consisted of ENPE master’s graduate Bidhan Rajkarnikar’s presentation on “Study of Sediment Erosion in Francis Turbine Runner at Laboratory conditions”. The presentation based on his master’s thesis was on the effect of sediment erosion in turbine blades using rotating disk apparatus setup. Other presentation included the master’s students from NTNU on the Flow in Pelton Turbine, Dampling of U tube oscillations in hydro power plants and Evaluation of modulated cavitations in hydro turbines. The session also included BE students from Kathmandu with their presentation on Pump Turbine in Nepalese hydropower sector and the Design of Francis Turbine test rig.
4
The third and last session was chaired by Dr. Bibek Baral, Associate Professor, Kathmandu University. His area of research is renewable energy particularly in Bio- Energy. And this session started with another PhD candidate at KU, Mr. Krishna Prasad Shrestha on the topic “Design of Francis Turbine Runner against Sediment Erosion”.
The last presenter of the day was Oystein Sveinsgjerd Hveem and he discussed about different governing systems used in the hydro power operation. At the end of the session III, Chairperson Dr. Bibek Baral summarized the session and coordinated the question answer session.
A short closing program was organized after the completion of session III. Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering delivered his closing remarks with his expectations that the objectives were achieved and message from this symposium will be taken back to home country by international participants. Dr. Hari P. Neopane summarized the major issues discussed during the symposium on behalf of session chairmen. He also thanked all the participants for delivering good presentations in limited time.
The one day International symposium ended with a sense of enthusiasm and inquisitiveness among all the presenters and participants. The symposium guaranteed the extension of knowledge and was formally closed by Registrar, Prof. Bhadraman Tuladhar, KU with hope to reduce energy crises in the future.
After the completion of the seminar, the students from NTNU and major participants were taken for a short tour of university departments and laboratories.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Biraj Singh Thapa Symposium Coordinator Asst. Professor and Faculty In-Charge Turbine Testing Lab
Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II One day International Symposium organized by Turbine Testing Lab, Kathmandu University
Venue: C.V. Raman Auditorium, KU, Dhulikhel
Program Schedule Date: 19 March 2013
S.N. Time Program
1 9:00 9:25 Registration and Tea/Snacks
2 9:30 10:00
Inauguration Program 9:30 Welcome speech by Dean, SOE 9:40 Program overview and Recent activities at TTL by Biraj Singh Thapa 9:50 Inaugural Speech by Vice-Chancellor, KU
3 10:00 12:00
Session I Chair Person: Dr. Hari Prasad Neopane Venue: C.V. Raman Auditorium S.N. Presenter Title of Presentation Organization
1 Peter Joachim Gogstad Pressure pulsations in Francis turbines NTNU PhD Candidate
2 Juben Bhaukajee Hydropower development in Nepal: Issues, policies and institutional aspect
ENPE- Master’s Student
3 Sverre Stefanussen Foslie Design of centrifugal pump for produced water NTNU ME Student 4 Subash Panta Software Development for Segregation of Turbine Data KU BE student
5 Even Lillefoss Haugen Verification of simulation program for high head hydro power plant with air cussion
NTNU ME Student
6 Ram HariKhatri KC Design of Cross Flow Turbine Test Rig KU BE student
7 Ingeborg Lassen Bue& Julie Marie Hovland
Pressure pulsations and stress in a high head turbine – comparison between model and geometrically similar prototype
NTNU ME Student
8 Jone Rivrud Rygg Pelton turbine NTNU ME Student
9 Chris O’Rourke Low head Pico turbine Design and Development Researcher for PEEDA
10 Sailesh Chitrakar Implementation of FSI in engineering applications KTH ME Student
4 12:00 12:50 Lunch Break
5 1:00 2:15
Session II Chair Person: Mr. Brijesh Adhikary Venue: C.V. Raman Auditorium S.N. Presenter Title of Presentation Organization
1 Laxman Poudel Study on sediment characterization & its impact on hydraulic Turbine Material
KU PhD Candidate
2 Kjartan Furnes Flow in Pelton turbines NTNU ME Student
3 Milan Poudel Prospects Of Utilization Of Pump Turbine In Nepalese Hydropower Project
KU BE student
4 Mons Ole Dyvik Sellevold Damping of U-tube oscillations in hydro power plants NTNU ME Student
5 Bidhan Rajkarnikar Study of Sediment Erosion in Francis Turbine Runner at Laboratory Conditions
ENPE- Master’s Graduate
6 Kristin Tessem Kolsaker Evaluation of modulated cavitation in hydro turbines NTNU ME Student
7 Ravi Koirala Performance Test of Francis Turbine to estimate the effect of sediment erosion
KU BE student
8 Johanne Seierstad Design of a Francis turbine test rig NTNU ME Student
6 2:15 2:30 Tea Break
7 2:30 3:30
Session III Chair Person: Dr. BivekBaral Venue: C.V. Raman Auditorium 1 Krishna P. Shrestha Design of Francis turbine runner against sand erosion KU PhD Candidate 2 Sigrid Marie Skodje Real time modeling of flow systems NTNU ME Student
3 Gaurab Nakarmi Developing Testing Procedure and Data Analysis System of a Simplified Francis Turbine Test Rig
KU BE student
4 Tage Morken Augustson How a skewed velocity profile at turbine inlet influence the efficiency
NTNU ME Student
5 Amod Panthi Fatigue failure in Pelton runner KU MS Student
6 Oystein Sveinsgjerd Hveem
Governing systems NTNU ME Student
8 3:30 4:00
Closing Program Remarks from Session Chairs by Hari P. Neopane Remarks from HoD, Mechanical Engineering Department Closing Speech by Registrar
MC:MissRojina Bade; Miss SnehaSefalika
5
List of Participants S.N.
Name Organization Designation Email Remarks
1 Laxman Poudel KU, Nepal PhD candidate
[email protected] Presenter
2 Krishna Prasad Shrestha
KU, Nepal PhD Candidate
[email protected] Presenter
3 Peter Joachim Gogstad
NTNU, Norway
PhD Candidate
[email protected] Presenter
4 Sverre Stefanussen Foslie
NTNU, Norway
ME Student [email protected] Presenter
5 Even Lillefoss Haugen
NTNU, Norway
ME Student Presenter
6 Ingeborg Lassen Bue& Julie Marie Hovland
NTNU, Norway
ME Students
[email protected] [email protected]
Presenter
7 Jone Rivrud Rygg NTNU, Norway
ME Student [email protected] Presenter
8 Kjartan Furnes NTNU, Norway
ME Student [email protected] Presenter
9 Mons Ole Dyvik Sellevold
NTNU, Norway
ME Student [email protected] Presenter
10 Kristin Tessem Kolsaker
NTNU, Norway
ME Student [email protected]
Presenter
11 Johanne Seierstad NTNU, Norway
ME Student [email protected]
Presenter
12 Sigrid Marie Skodje NTNU, Norway
ME Student [email protected] Presenter
13 Tage Morken Augustson
NTNU, Norway
ME Student Presenter
14 Oystein Sveinsgjerd Hveem
NTNU, Norway
ME Student [email protected] Presenter
15 Sailesh Chitrakar KTH, Sweden ME Student [email protected] Presenter
16 Bidhan Rajkarnikar KU, Nepal ENPE- Masters Graduate
Presenter
17 Juben Bhaukajee KU, Nepal ENPE-
Masters Student
Presenter
18 Amod Panthee KU, Nepal MS Student [email protected] Presenter
19 Subash Panta KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Presenter
6
20 Ram Hari Khatri KC KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Presenter
21 Milan Poudel KU, Nepal
BE Student [email protected]
Presenter
22 Ravi Koirala KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Presenter
23 Gaurab Nakarmi KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Presenter 24 Chris O’Rourke PEEDA Researcher [email protected] Presenter
25 Dr. Ram Kantha Makaju Shrestha
KU, Nepal Vice Chancellor
[email protected] Participant
26 Dr. Bhadraman Tulahdar
KU, Nepal Registrar [email protected] Participant
27 Dr. Bhola Thapa KU, Nepal Dean, SOE [email protected] Participant
28 Dr. Bim P. Shrestha KU, Nepal
HOD, Mechanical Engineering Department
[email protected] Participant
29 Dr. Hari P. Neopane KU, Nepal Associate Professor
[email protected] Chair person
30 Dr. Bibek Baral KU, Nepal Associate Professor
[email protected] Chair person
31 Brijesh Adhikari KU, Nepal Associate Professor
[email protected] Chair person
32 Biraj Singh Thapa KU, Nepal Assistant Professor
[email protected] Co-ordinator
33 Sudeep dhikari KU, Nepal Full Time Researcher
[email protected] Volunteer
34 Atma Ram Kayastha KU, Nepal Full Time Researcher
[email protected] Volunteer
35 Nikhel Gurung KU, Nepal Full Time Researcher
[email protected] Volunteer
36 Surendra Sujakhu KU, Nepal Full Time Researcher
[email protected] Volunteer
37 Mausam Shrestha KU, Nepal Full Time Researcher
Volunteer
38 Nikhil Raj Karki KU, Nepal Full Time Researcher
[email protected] Volunteer
39 Bishnu P. Aryal KU, Nepal Full Time Researcher
[email protected] Volunteer
40 Santosh Rijal PEEDA,
Nepal Researcher [email protected]
Participant
7
List of Student Participating Audience S.N. Name Organization Designation Email Remarks
1 Abishek Karki KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Volunteer
2 Anil Kumar Bastola
KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant
3 Ashok Bista KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant
4 Bhoj Bahadur Chaudhary
KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected]
Participant
5 Bhuwan Paudel KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Volunteer
6 Dadi Ram Dhakal
KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant
7 Dipesh Khadka KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant 8 Kailesh Kunwar KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant 9 Manish Lamsal KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant 10 Nitish Shrestha KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant
11 Parmesh Chalise KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected]
Participant
12 Ramesh Chaudhary
KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected]
Participant
13 Rangeet Ballav Uprety
KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant
14 Ranjana Banjara KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Volunteer
15 Raunak Jung Pandey
KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant
16 Rojina Bade KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] MC 17 Samir Tandukar KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant 18 Sanam Pudasaini KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant
19 Sanil Makaju Shrestha
KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant
20 Sneha Sefalika KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] MC 21 Sujita Dhanju KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Volunteer 22 Suman Sapkota KU, Nepal BE Student [email protected] Participant
8
Presentation Summary and
Slides
9
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel& Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [X] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Peter Joachim Gogstad Name of Supervisor(s) Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug
Department EPT Research start date 01.08.2012
Email [email protected] Research completing date 31.07.2016
Mobile no +47 97008063
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Pressure pulsations in Francis Turbines
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Leirfossene Power Station has identified severe pressure pulsations in both Francis turbines. Statkraft wishes
to reduce the pressure pulsations by modifying the turbines on site. Previous studies have shown it is
possible to alter pressure pulsations by extending the rotating shaft into the draft tube. This extension has
been called a “stulk”. The project will include investigation of different designs of the stulk and hopefully find
a general solution for reducing pressure pulsations.
Presenter’s Signature Date
Please submit this application no later than 15March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
10
1
Pressure pulsations in Francis turbines
Peter Joachim Gogstad
2
About me
• Name: Peter Joachim Gogstad
• Studied Energy and Environmental program
• Specialization: fluid dynamics and hydro power
• Master thesis:
Hydraulic design of Francis turbine exposed to sediment erosion
11
3
Master thesis
• Hydraulic design of Francis turbines exposed to sediment erosion
• Objective: create and investigate a new design with reduced velocity components
• Development of Khoj– Design program in Matlab for Francis
turbines
• CFD-simulations of different designs
4
Previous work
• Jo Jernsletten: Analysis of non-stationary flow in a Francis reversible pump turbine runner
• Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug: A study of swirl flow in draft tubes
• Thomas Vekve: Experimental investigation of draft tube flow
• Einar Kobro: Measurement of Pressure Pulsations in Francis Turbines
12
5
Project description
Background• Pressure pulsations
causing severe vibrations pressure pulsations in Leirfossene Power station
Objective• Identify and investigate the
pressure pulsations to make improvements to reduce the pressure pulsations.
Nedre Leirfossen kraftverk
6
Project plan
• Conduct an analytic study of pressure pulsations in Francis turbines
• Conduct a CFD-analysis of the flow conditions in the draft tube
• Conduct model tests of different stulks
• Conduct measurements at Leirfossen Power Station before and after installing stulk
• Analyse data and report results
13
7
Stulk
8
Measurements
• Thermodynamic efficiency measurements
• Pressure pulsations in draft tube
• Velocity measurements in draft tube with pitot
14
9
Status
• Preparing measurement of pressure pulsations and thermodynamic efficiency measurements in Leirfossene Power Station in April
• Preparing measurement of pressure pulsations and thermodynamic efficiency measurements in La Higuera, Chile, in May
15
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [X ] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Juben Bhaukajee
Name of Supervisor(s) Dr. Hari Prasad Neopane
Department/Level MS by research, DOME
Research start date May 2012
Email [email protected]
Research completing date
May 2014
Mobile no 9841634909
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Hydropower development in Nepal: Issues, policies and institutional aspect
Title of Research (if different from Presentation): Energy policy planning and economics: hydropower focus
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Despite realization of the importance of hydropower sector for development of the country and dedicated efforts of the government and all stakeholders, the progress has been sluggish. The reason behind, is mainly the lack of vision and stable policy from the government. In view of this, it is understood that, along with technical advancement, it is equally important to create a proper platform through suitable and stable policy. The research deals with the policy, regulatory and institutional aspects regarding hydropower sector, and economic and financial viability of programs and projects being undertaken. The presentation discusses the major current issues related to hydropower sector, mainly regarding the policy and regulatory aspects.
Presenter’s Signature
Date 15-03-2013
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
16
Review of Hydropower Development in Nepal
By:
Juben Bhaukajee
MS By research
Energy Policy, Planning and Economics
Supervisors:
Dr. Hari Neopane, Associate Professor
Mr. Suraj Baral, Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering
School of Engineering
Kathmandu University
Outline of Presentation
• Introduction to research
• Background and literature
• Policies and institution
• Issues and discussion
• Progress and plans for research
17
Motivation for research
• Technological advancement requires economic viability and platform for implementation.
• Suitable policy and programs from government can provide necessary platform for technology.
• Slow progress in hydropower development mainly due to lack of vision and stable policy from government
• Different stakeholders have different self interests, and hence perspectives
• It is essential to analyze each of their perspectives from a neutral point of view
Introduction to research
• Energy policy analysis (hydropower)– Institutional analysis
– Stakeholder analysis
– Organizational mapping: to illustrate and analyze flows of resources, information and decision in an organization.
• Economic analysis and financial analysis
• Optimum energy planning (WASP software)
18
Energy consumption in 2010/11
Source: Ministry of Finance, Economic Survey 2010/11
Firewood, 77.16%
Agri Residue, 3.62
%
Animal Residue, 5.68
%
Coal, 2.39% Petroleum, 8.18%
Electricity, 2.24% Renewable, 0.
73%
Nepal’s potential
19
Nepal’s potential
• Average annual precipitation: 220.8km3
• Average annual run off: 174.2 km3
• Theoretical capacity: 83,000 MW
• Techno‐ economically feasible: 43,000 MW
• Installed capacity (Hydro): ~660 MW
– NEA : 473 MW
– IPP: 187.5 MW
Existing scenario
Status NEA IPP
Under operation •473 MW•27 plants
•187.581 MW•26 plants
Under construction •560 MW•5 projects
•135MW•20 projects
Ready to go •270 MW•4 projects
•544 MW•~44 projects
In PPA process IPP 3,200 MW (>80 projects)
Large projects in Pipeline
4000MW(Including ArunIII, Upper Karnali, Lower Arun, Tamakoshi III, Upper Tamor, Upper arshyangdi etc.
Source: NEA 2012
20
Grid capacityVoltage level kV/status
Transmission line length (circuit km)
Existing Underconstruction
Planned and proposed
66 511.16 ‐ ‐
132 2129.7 793 1540
220 ‐ 446 1129.8
400 ‐ ‐ 1880.74
Maximum Voltage level kV/status
Substation capacity (MVA)
Existing Underconstruction
Planned and proposed
66 463.75 ‐ ‐
132 1315.2 529.5 917
220 ‐ ‐ 3876
400 ‐ ‐ 2025
Source: NEA 2012
Source: NEA- A year in review, 2011
21
Load forecast
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
2010‐11
2011‐12
2012‐13
2013‐14
2014‐15
2015‐16
2016‐17
2017‐18
2018‐19
2019‐20
2020‐21
2021‐22
2022‐23
2023‐24
2024‐25
2025‐26
2026‐27
2027‐28
Energy (GWh)
System peak load
Source: NEA, 2010/11
Policy guiding documents
• Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) Act – 1984
• Electricity act (1992)• Major hydropower development instrument for
private, public and private‐public partnership
• Hydropower development policy (1992)
• For interim electricity requirement of the country
• Invites private sector and foreign investment in power sector
22
Policy guiding documents• Hydropower development policy (2001)
– Intended for rapid hydropower initiatives for overall economy of the country
– Recognizes possibility of export of power and multipurpose projects
– Emphasizes rural electrification
– Projects to be developed through competitive bidding
– Build Own Operate and Transfer (BOOT) model is recognized for private investment.
• National Water Plan (2005)
– By 2027
• Domestic demand to be met 4000 MW
• Per capita consumption 400 kWh
• Export Extensive
– Interim plan
• By 2016 to add 2500 MW
Acts and policies
• Industrial Policy – 1992• Foreign Investment & One‐Window Policy‐1992 • Industrial Enterprises Act – 1992• Foreign Investment and Technology Tfr. Act,1992• Environment Conservation Act ‐ 1996
(Regulation‐1997)• National Environmental Impact Assessment
Guidelines – 1993• Electricity Theft Control Act ‐ 2002 • Private investment on Construction and operation of
Infrastructures Act – 2008• Investment Board Act‐ 2011
23
Some conflicts in enactments
• Electricity act 1992 and Investment board act
2010
• Electricity act 1992 and Private Investment on
Construction and operation of the
infrastructures act 2008
• Electricity act 1992 and Local self governance
act 1998
• Electricity act 1992 and Income tax act 1998
Bills under consideration
• Electricity act‐ 2008
• Nepal Electricity Regulatory commission
Act, 2008
– Hydropower development policy 2001 has policy
provisions which are yet to be enacted
– Provisions within proposed bills are to be reviewed
to make it more functional
24
Institutional set up
• Ministry of Energy– Overall regulatory authority for power sector– Operation of public and private power sector development
• Commissions:– Water and energy commission & its secretariat
• Formulation of policy and strategy • Analyze and review projects• Coordinate national and sectoral policies
– Tariff fixation commission• Review electricity tariff levels• Fixation of tariff structures for each consumer level
Institutional set up
Department of Electricity Development (DOED)
Acts as a Regulatory and monitoring body Study and Development of Hydropower Projects Promotion and Development of Private investment in Power Sector
including Licensing Preparation of Standards for Transmission and Distribution of electricity
and Inspection & Monitoring for its compliance Advisory assistance to MOE Acts as secretariat of Tariff Fixation Commission.
established as “One Window” for• Issuance of survey & project licenses• Providing concessions & incentives• Assistance in importing goods• Assistance in obtaining land• Assistance in obtaining permits, approvals
25
Institutional set up
Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) • Public utility under the government, involved in Generation, transmission
and distribution of electricity
• Single buyer for IPPs – Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) is to be carried out.
Independent Power Producers (IPPs)
• After introduction of hydropower development policy 1992
• Installed about 198 MW capacity
• Independent Power Producers’ Association Nepal (IPPAN) is an umbrella organization of Independent Power Producers
Alternative Energy Promotion Center (AEPC)
• Under Ministry of Environment, science and technology
• Responsible for facilitating rural electrification
• Facilitated for more than 650 micro‐ and pico‐ hydropower plants
Survey license application
Source: DOED
26
Generation license application
Source: DOED
Issues and challenges
• Time and cost overrun in projects
• Need for storage projects
• Financing large projects
• Restructuring of NEA‐ coordination between generation and transmission
• Social issues and political influence
• Export or industrialization
27
Research plan and progress
• First round of interview of stakeholder representatives on going
• Questionnaire survey, second round of interview and interaction upon major issues
• Financial and economic analysis of plans and projects
• Optimum energy planning using WASP software from collected data
Queries?
28
Thank you
25
29
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [ x ] IO EStudent [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Sverre Stefanussen Foslie Name of Supervisor(s) Torbjørn K. Nielsen
Department Waterpower laboratory Research start date 14. January 2013
Email [email protected] Research completing date 10. June 2013
Mobile no 0047 92842070
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Multistage centifugal pump
Title of Research (if different from Presentation): Design of centrifugal pump for produced water
Summary of Research and Presentation:
The research of my thesis is about the application of multistage centrifugal pumps for use in produced water applications. The aim is to develop a Matlab tool for designing all hydraulic components of a multistage pump which can be further used in order to simulate the flow.
Presenter’s Signature Date 13. March 2013
Please submit this application no later than 15March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
30
Multistage centrifugal pumpProject thesis by Sverre Stefanussen Foslie
Kathmandu University March 2013
Agenda
Thesis objective
Work so far
Challenges
To do
31
Thesis objective
Multistage pump in produced water applications
Shattering of oil droplets
Hydraulic design of impeller and diffuser
Make a Matlab-program to design multistage pumps
Work so far
Literature studies
Understanding physics in impeller and diffuser
Getting into hydraulic pump design
32
To do
Get a complete understanding of multistage challenges
Implement diffuser design into Matlab program
Developing Matlab program into multistage
Summary
• Multistage pumps for use in produced water applications are a challenge, and not much used today
• The research may provide useful information for manufacturers
• Using Matlab to produce a design, and testing it by CFD
33
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [X ] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Subash Panta Name of Supervisor(s)
Department/Level Mechanical Engineering/3rd year
Research start date August,2012
Email [email protected] Research completing date July,2013
Mobile no. 9841859675
Name of other members (if applicable)
Manish Lamsal, Suman Sapkota, Ujwol Parajuli
Title of Presentation: Software Development for data analysis to present status of turbine type distribution in Nepal
Title of Research (if different from Presentation): Technical Survey of turbine distribution in hydro powers of Nepal
Summary of Research and Presentation:
The research is basically divided into two halves. The first part concerns the analysis of the data of hydro powers around the country and presentation of the status of turbine distribution in Nepal. The second part concerns the design of runner components of the micro hydro power (to identify Francis Turbine as a better substitute to the existing cross flow turbines).
The presentation is based on the first phase of the research work. Data analysis of the hydro powers was done using software designed in C++. The presentation shows gives an overview of the program, how it works; contributing to easy data analysis in the research.
Presenter’s Signature Subash Date 15 March,2013
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
34
Software Development for Segregation of Turbine Data
Presenter: Subash Panta
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Kathmandu University
ACTVITIES
OverallActivities
Data collection
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Data segregation
Data analysisGraphical
Representation
35
How this program works???
• C++ based program
Software development contd….
PROGRAM
36
HOW DID THIS PROGRAM PROVE TO BE USEFUL??
THE END RESULTS
PIECHARTS
37
PIECHARTS…..
PIECHARTS…..
38
PIECHARTS…..UNIT SIZE OF THE TURBINES
< 0.5 MW34%
0.5 to 1 MW4%
1 to 5 MW28%
5 to 25 MW26%
25 to 507%
above 501%
TOTAL CAPACITY=13298 MWTOTAL UNITS =1106
THANK YOU!!!!
39
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [X] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Even Lillefoss Haugen Name of Supervisor(s)
Department Research start date
Email Research completing date
Mobile no
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Verification of simulation program for high head hydro power plant with air cussion
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Presenter’s Signature
Date 13.03.2013
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
40
Simulation Program for Hydropowerplant with Francis
TurbinesMaster's thesis by Even Lillefosse Haugen
Kathmandu University March 2013
Initial Objective
Long version: Development of a transient dynamic simulation model for a fluid conduit system with interfacing components
Short version: Program that can predict pressure surges in pipes.
41
Primarily directed towards hydropower applications
Any regulatory event in a pipeline network will induce pressure waves that will propagate throughout the system
42
ComponentsWater conduits
Generator
Turbine
Regulator
Grid
Final ObjectiveCapability to simulate chains of events, e.ghow a grid disturbance triggers regulatory events that may harm system components.
Model built from scratch using MATLAB
Results will be verified/discarded using experimental data
43
Challenges Support: The entire simulation is built from scratch
Complexity: Getting the grid to match up is not easy
Computational time: Is becoming unpractical
Data: Lack of experimental data for verification
Remaining work Too much!
All components are not yet running, ecpecially the grid interface
Fine tuning the grid
Verification
44
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ X ] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter RAM HARI KHATRI KC Name of Supervisor(s) Biraj Singh Thapa
Department/Level Mechanical/ UNG Research start date September 2012
Email [email protected] Research completing date
Mobile no 9841109988
Name of other members (if applicable)
Samir Tandukar, Sujita Dhanju, Ranjana Banjara
Title of Presentation: DESIGN OF CROSS FLOW TURBINE TEST RIG
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Design of 15KW cross flow turbine test rig was done during our fifth semester which continues in the sixth semester also. Our main objective was designing the components of a complete cross flow turbine and studying about various test rigs to be installed in it.
This project helps us to know about the parts of cross flow turbine and further helps in the modification of test rig.
Till now we have done some major calculations about the parts of cross flow turbine and design of penstock, runner is done in solid works. Remaining tasks will be done in this semester.
Presenter’s Signature Date 15 March 15, 2013
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
45
DESIGN OF CROSS FLOW TURBINE TEST RIG
Project Supervisor PresenterMr. Biraj Singh Thapa Ram Hari Khatri KC(ME 3rd year)Kathmandu University Group Members
Turbine Testing Lab Ranjana BanjaraSamir TandukarSujita Dhanju
International Symposium On
Current Research In Hydraulic Turbine (CRHT-II)
INTRODUCTION
CROSS FLOW TURBINE•Also known as Banki or Ossbergerturbine•Impulse type of turbine with low head(2-250m) and high flow (upto3cu.m/s)•Water comes from rectangular cross section of penstock pipe•Water hits the turbine blade twice•Can generate electricity up to 300KW.
TEST RIGA setup or apparatus for assessing the performance of a crossflow turbine.Various measuring instruments are installed to measure the proper working of the turbine•Flow measurement-Flowmeters, Weirs, Volumetric tank•Head measurement- mercury manometer•Speed measurement-tachometer•Torque measurement-torquemeter
46
OBJECTIVES1. Design of 15KW cross flow turbine test rig at TTL.
i. Study of cross flow turbine test rig
ii. Design of various parts of the test rig and draw its 3D views.
iii. Selection of measuring instruments for the test rig.
DESIGN
Completition of various calculations for designing the cross flow turbinePower(p)=15KWHead(H)=30mDischarge(Q)=0.0728m3 /sVelocity(v)=23.77m/sDiameter of the runner(D) =207.64mmWidth of the runner(B)=168.18mmSpeed(N)=1002rpmSpecific speed(nq )=21.1Dimension of penstock(l*b) =168.18mm*18.2mmShaft diameter(ds)=30mm
Determining the following parameters• Head and discharge from the given power•Velocity that hits the turbine•Width and the diameter of the runner•Maximum efficiency speed•Specific speed•Dimension of the penstock•Shaft diameter that can resist various stresses•Designing the guide vane•Designing the belt drive•Making housing of the test rig•Selection of bearing
47
Figure 1: Detail of cross flow turbine
Figure 2:Nozzle
Figure 3:Runner
48
What’s next?
Design of the following components:
Guide vane Housing Selection of bearing
•Studying the procedure for the selection of the measuring instruments•Selection of the measuring instrument•Location of the installation of the instruments
THANK YOU
49
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [X] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Jone Rivrud Rygg Name of Supervisor(s) Nielsen/Solemslie
Department Energy and Process Eng. Research start date 14.01.13
Email [email protected] Research completing date 10.06.13
Mobile no +47 47646289
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Pelton Turbine
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Background The Pelton Turbine is widely used in hydropower plants all over the world, in particular for large heads. It is recognized for its wide usage area, due to different combinations of nozzle numbers and openings, and is installed in about 30 % of Norway´s hydropower plants. Many of these are more than 40 years old and are due for replacement in the coming years. CFD‐analysis and model testing can be of great importance when designing new turbines, and these are the main focuses of this thesis.
Objective
A CFD model in OpenFOAM will be developed, with the aim of validating the accuracy of the CFD packages Ansys CFX (commercial) and OpenFOAM (Open Source). This will be done comparing the conditions and results with measurements from a model test of one or more reference turbines.
Presenter’s Signature
Date 13.03.13
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
50
Pelton TurbineMaster's thesis by Jone Rivrud Rygg
Kathmandu University March 2013
Agenda
Thesis objective
Work so far
Challenges met
TODO
51
Thesis objective
Turbine design: Model testing combined with CFD
How accurately can CFD predict the flow?
My task: Develop model in OpenFOAM, verify and validate against experimental data
Work so far
Flow visualization in OpenFOAM
Created several meshes
Implemented important features: Mesh movement, high speed jet, two-phase flow
Some simulations finished
52
Methodology
VIDEO!
53
Challenges met
Meshing is crucial and difficult
High demand for computational power
Severe numerical diffusion in jet
Sliding interface cuts jet
SymmetryPlane bug?
How to measure torque?
TODO
Find a way to measure the torque
Limit numerical diffusion
Avoid jet cut
Mesh independence study to validate the model
54
Summary
• OpenFOAM offers great flexibility – at the price of much work from the user
• CFD results should never be trusted without verification and validation
55
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel& Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [X] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Ingeborg Lassen Bue and Julie Marie Hovland
Name of Supervisor(s) Torbjørn Nielsen
Department Energy and process engineering
Research start date 14.01.2013
Email [email protected] [email protected]
Research completing date 10.06.2013
Mobile no +47 48 24 22 33
+47 41 56 56 24
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Pressure pulsations in Francis turbine
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
1 Participate in the installing the model turbine in the test rig and setting up the data acquisition system.
2 Learn how to run the laboratory 3 Evaluate the model laws and establish relations between model measured pressure pulsation and
measurements in the prototype 4 Compare the measurements in the runner with the measurements in the prototype, considering the
contributions from various phenomena (rotor‐stator interaction, draft tube vortex, stochastic pulsations)
5 Based on model sigma variation, examine results for possible cavitation influence 6 For different performances, map the pressure pulsation as well as the stress on the runner blades. 7 Analyze the pressure pulsations and stresses for components caused by rotor‐stator interaction (RSI),
draft‐tube vortex, and stochastic detachments. 8 Check for correlation between the pressure pulsation in the draft tube cone and in the runner
channels.
Presenter’s Signature Date
56
Pressure pulsations in Francis turbine
Julie Marie Hovland
And
Ingeborg Lassen Bue
Objectives of our Master’s Thesis
• Steady‐state and dynamic pressure to compare model and prototype
• Relationship between pressure pulsations inside and downstream of runner
• Explain development of runner pressure pulsations in particular the RSI component
57
The NTNU hydro power lab
Closed loop mode
• 100 mWc• 20m3/s• Closed/open loop
Transducer placement on suction side
Transducer placement on pressure side
The model runner
• 28 guide vanes• 17 runner blades• 18 pressure transducers• 4 strain gages
58
Example of pressure pulsation plot
59
Calibration
Problems…
Chassis with 6 modules and 22 connected channels Water leakage through wires
60
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ X ]
Name of Presenter Chris O'Rourke
Name of Supervisor(s) n/a
Department/Level Researcher
Research start date September 2012
Email [email protected]
Research completing date September 2013
Mobile no 9779803678954
Name of other members (if applicable)
Santosh Reezal
Title of Presentation: Low-Head Pico Design & Development
Title of Research (if different from Presentation): Low-Head Pico Design & Development
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Our Research aims to design and develop a 1kW pico hydro system in the low head range. We are currently testing the systems performance and optimizing its design at the TTL. The presentation will give a brief overview of our system design, research methods and findings to date. It will also give some context to the research, which is part of a wider project:
"Design optimization manufacturing and demonstration of cost-effective commercial Pico-propeller turbines (1 kW) in Nepal that is marketable for a range (1kW-5kW) of hydrological conditions" The project is run by The People, Energy & Environment Development Association, www.PEEDA.org. It is part of the Renewable Nepal programme, www.ku.edu.np/renewablenepal/
Presenter’s Signature Date 15-03-2013
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
61
DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH:
1KW LOW-HEAD PICO SYSTEM
Main Aims:
>Design, Manufacture, Test & Install.
>Asses commercial viability and scalability.
>Raise the standard of living of the rural poor.
People, Energy & Environment Development Association
Chris O’Rourke & Santosh Rijal
WHAT IS LOW-HEAD PICO HYDRO?
Draft tube : Suction head
Head : Low (3.5m)
Runner : ~1600rpm
Generator : 3 Phase 2.2kW
Flow : Low (60l/s)
Power : 0-5kW
DIRECT COUPLING
62
PHASE 1 : DESIGN & MANUFACTURE
1 ) Literature review & Hydraulic Scaling
2 ) Mechanical Design for Manufacture
3 ) Build, Observe & Improve
0.3 kW 1 kW
PHASE 2 : TESTING
1 ) Head Adjustment
2 ) Electromechanical Integration
Higher head=
Higher flow=
Higher power
+
3.5m
-
63
WHAT HAVE WE FOUND?
Costing
Developed Scalable Manufacturing Methods
Understood the Technology & Design process
>3kW & 5kW models
>Scaling production : CNC Laser cutting, casting.
Benefits of batch orders
>Accurate techniques
$200 Material + Labor
$132 Generators + Shipping
WHAT NEXT?
Designing new systems
Site installation – Sisni
Batch production
64
ANY QUESTIONS?
??
?
?
?
?
??
?
?
?
?
65
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [X]
Name of Presenter Sailesh Chitrakar
Name of Supervisor(s) Biraj Singh Thapa, Assoc. Prof Michel Cervantes, Assoc. Prof Damian Vogt
Department/Level Erasmus Mundus Master’s Program (THRUST)
Research start date 15th February, 2013
Email [email protected]
Research completing date 15th July, 2013
Mobile no 9843386214
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Implementation of FSI in engineering applications
Title of Research (if different from Presentation): Optimization of Francis runners exposed to sediment erosion considering fully-coupled FSI
Summary of Research and Presentation:
This Master’s thesis will focus on the reference (original) design of the turbine runner and comparison of this with other optimized blades which has been shown as the improved design in terms of sediment erosion. Most of the works done previously accounts for the flow field around the blade only, and not the effect of the flow field on the deformation of the blade or the effect of the deformation of the blade on the displacement of the mesh surrounding it. The results of Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) could be inevitable in analyzing the benefits of the optimized design over the reference design. The present Master's thesis is an effort to consolidate the previous works done on the enhanced mechanical design of Francis turbines for better handling of the sediment erosion by including the effect of FSI. The presentation will include the concept of FSI, its importance in various engineering applications including the Francis runners.
Presenter’s Signature Date 15-03-2013
66
Implementation of FSI in engineering applications
Sailesh Chitrakar
Outline
• Research details / Objectives
• Concept of FSI
• Importance of considering FSI
• Implementation of FSI in ANSYS
• Possible challenges
67
Master’s thesis topic Optimization of the Francis runners exposed tosediment erosion considering fully-coupled FSI
Supervisors Prof. Michel Cervantes (Luleå University ofTechnology, Sweden)Biraj Singh Thapa (Kathmandu University)Assoc. Prof. Damian Vogt (Royal Institute ofTechnology, Sweden)
Duration February – July , 2013
Research Details
Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI)
Structure
Fluid
Information sharing between the two fields at the interface.
The information is transferred between dissimilar mesh through interpolation.
68
• In the cases when the deformation of the structure is not negligible, FSI could bevery crucial.
• Having said so, for rigid enormous structures, even a small deformation could be acause of a great catastrophe.
Tacoma Narrow Bridge collapse due to aero-elastic flutter on 1940
Example of aero-elastic flutter on an aircraft tail wing (video)
Importance of considering FSI
Importance of considering FSI
• In the case of turbo-machinery applications, the unsteady forces are due to:• Stator rotor interaction.• Formation of wakes on the trailing edges.• Cavitations/sediment erosion in the case of hydro-turbines.
• These forces accounts for the blade vibration, which in turn affects the flow fieldsurrounding it.
69
Implementing FSI in ANSYS
Objectives of the current research
• Analyze the results of the ongoing and the past studies focused towards theoptimized hydraulic design of Francis runner for a better sediment handling.
• Introduce the FSI based simulations of the Francis runner through one-way andtwo-way coupling techniques to establish the mechanical integrity of the design, forboth the conventional and the optimized designs.
• Make a comparative analysis of the results between CFD and FSI and identify thelevel of significance of FSI in the field of Francis turbines.
Shape 3 (reference design)
Optimized designs of the runner
70
Possible challenges
• Successful implementation of a fully-coupled FSI simulation of the runner.• Mesh generation, boundary conditions and solver control parameters.
• Deflection of the runner might cause the folding of the mesh in the flow fieldsurrounding it. Increasing the stiffness of the mesh or re-meshing techniques mighthave to be imposed.
• Validation of the results.
Thank you!
71
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [X] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Laxman Poudel
Name of Supervisor(s) Prof. Dr Bhola Thapa, Associate Professor Dr Bim P. Shrestha
Department/Level Department of Mechanical Engineering
Research start date 15th February, 2013
Email [email protected]
Research completing date
15th July, 2013
Mobile no
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Study on sediment characterization & its impact on hydraulic Turbine Material
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Sediment Characterization and its effect on turbine material is the principal investigation of this research. First and far most, sediment sizes were characterized according to different sieve sizes below 425 micron. Four different rivers were chosen and its sediments were characterized according to sieve sizes below 90, 90-212, 212-300 and 300-425 microns. These sizes of sediments effect were studied through experiment in high velocity test rig and rotating disc apparatus at Kathmandu University. Sediments were collected from different sections of the river according to location of hydropower projects, human interference zone, landslide areas and irrigating plant area. All sections sediments were individually experimented in high velocity test rig to know its effect in turbine material. These collected sediments were also further treated to characterize its shape and mineral content. Mineral content of the sediments were studied using acid wash technique. Shapes of sediments were analyzed using image processing technique tool. Matrox imaging and Matlab environment tools were utilized to extract and characterize sediment particles shapes. It was observed that bigger the sediment size greater is the effect. It was also depicted that twenty one different sediment shapes can be traced out and its abundance can be studied using image processing technique. It is found that greater the sediment quantity greater is the erosion impact. An angular
72
shape particle yields in high amount than the irregular one. Irregular shapes sediments are more abundant in upstream of the river and slowly changes to less spherical and round shape sediments while travelling to downstream part of the river. So it can be idealized that sand particles shapes changes while being transported due to interaction with each other and changes from its original shape to more round. It is found that circular with low sphericity sediment shapes are most abundant in rivers followed by circular with low sphericity, elongated, square and triangular. Triangular particles are present in very low amount compared to other shapes. In general Irregular shapes have more erosion potential than regular shapes. It was also observed that the particles with the irregular shape of smaller size induce higher erosion rates than that of the larger size with the same shape Mineral content is another parameter of sediment which was analyzed using acid wash technique. It was observed that quartz is the most dominating content available that has high eroding value followed by feldspar, mica and other minerals. The other mineral refers to carbonates, clay, chlorite and fragment of dolomite, calcite, shale, tourmaline, hornblende, garnet and many hard and soft minerals. These findings will help to select the proper site of a power plant in erosion prone basins and would also help to design suitable settling basins to trap sediment particles having higher erosion potentials. Furthermore this study will be helpful for water quality monitoring, determining the proper spot for hydro power generation and irrigation, wastewater treatment area and many more. A database obtained can be used to train by neural network which can clearly distinguish the particles in depth like if the particle is sand it can be further classified as mica, quartz, feldspar, amphibole, biotite etc which can put a great leap in sediment classification and impact study.
Presenter’s Signature Date 15-03-2013
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
73
International symposium On “Current Research in hydraulic Turbines” CRHT-II
Doctoral Research Presentationon
Study on Sediment Characterization and its Impact on Hydraulic Turbine Material
ByLaxman Poudel
PhD candidateDepartment of Mechanical Engineering
School of EngineeringKathmandu University
Kathmandu UniversitySchool of EngineeringMechanical Engineering Department
Supervisors
19th March, 2013
Associate Prof. Dr. Bim Prasad ShresthaHead of DepartmentDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringSchool of Engineering Kathmandu University
Prof. Dr. Bhola ThapaDeanSchool of EngineeringKathmandu UniversityDhulikhel, Nepal
74
Research Question
• Characterization of sediment parameter– Size– Shape– Mineral Content
• Sediment impact in turbine material surface
Scope
75
• Sediment problem in Nepalese hydro power plant.– Topology-slope– ROR scheme
• Issue and Rational of study on sediment characteristics according to
1.Shape 2.Size 3.Mineral content– Technology utilization and verification
• Erosion due to sediment– Hydro mechanical Material
Introduction
Research Overview
Roshi , Modi, Indrawati and Sunkoshi Rivers as
reference
Understanding sediment problem and sediment collection
Sediment characteristics
Mineral content
Shapesize
Acid wash technique
Sieve analyzer
Optical Imaging
Fabricate and built Test rig to determine the effect on hydro Turbine material
features extraction of sediments according to shape , size and mineral (hardness) content
Effect of sediments on test specimen
Conclude effect of particles on hydro mechanical material
Test all specimen with characterized sediments
76
Literature Review
Site Selection
Experimentation study Sediment size Sediment shape Sediment Mineral content
Image processing
Test Result
Analysis
Methodology
Samples Collected
Koshi River BasinRoshiSunkoshiIndrawati
Modi
Site Selection
77
Sediments From Different segments
Used Bucket and Sediment sampler
Collected from Fluvial and Bed
Collected in a sack
Sample collection Method
Particles shape are explore and extracted using
i) Form - Reflected by the degree of particle elongation or flatness
ii) Roundness - Reflected by the degree of sharpness of corners and edges. estimated by measuring the radii of inscribed and circumscribed circles.
Shape Feature Extraction
78
iii) Sphericity - Reflected by the degree to which the external envelope of the particle approximates that of a true sphere. measured by measuring the area and perimeter
iv) Irregularity: Determined by measuring the relative size of bumps and hollows on the particle outline.
V)Large or surrogates of sand particles are measured by, a visual comparator and Digital Image Processing (DIP).
Shape Feature Extraction
TEST
79
Test ProcedureErosion Testing:
SizeTest Procedure
Data are recorded manuallyCalculate dry Specimen weightClamp specimen in the test rig and run test
Specimen from the test rig is removed after all the sand particles passes through nozzle
The specimen is cleaned and dried.
Specimen is weightedWeight loss of specimen is recorded
Test Procedure
a)Rotating Disc with four holesb)Test specimen, rotating discc) Rotating disc
Erosion Testing:Size
Rotating Disc Apparatus
80
1. Upper ResevoirTank2. Stand for Upper Tank3. Filter 4. Camera Stand5. Light source guide6. Camera7. Lens8. Light source9. Transparent Flow cell10. Camera Adapter 11. Computer 12. Lower Reservoir
Machine Vision Lab
Shape Feature Extraction
Analysis of each classified sediment shapes formed a clear database that characterizes shape of
sediment according to parameters described above.
Shape Con…
81
IMAGE PROCESSING
Materials and Methods
Photographed image by CCD
Background elimination single particle extraction by edge detection
Skeletonization and CG of a single particle
Materials and Methods
(d) (e) (f)
(g) (h) (i) (j)
Descriptor and sand shapes
82
ANALYSIS OF SHAPE OF SAND
A MIL application with MatLab 6.5 platform inbuilt program was used to determine the Fourier descriptors for each sand particles.
length of each sand perimeter was assessed and this was broken into 128 equal lengths to produce 128 new coordinates.
Typical profile of a sand particle as reconstructed using Fourier descriptors.
Materials and Methods
a) Original digitized outline of particle. (b) +/- 64 Fourier descriptors (c) +/- 24 Fourier descriptors
(d) +/- 8 Fourier descriptors e) +/- 5 Fourier descriptors (f) +/- 3 Fourier descriptors
The effect of reconstruction of a particle from complex Fourier descriptors using successively fewer descriptor
Materials and Methods
83
SAND PARTICLES SHAPE COUNTING Matrox Imaging Library software was utilized to count sand
particles present in samples from each site of four different rivers
Complex Fourier Descriptor analysis is done to extract the shape of particles
This gives the particles shape of each site sample quantitatively
Materials and Methods
Test Result
• Abundance of shape : Image Processing
• Impact of size : High Velocity Test Rig
• Impact of Mineral content: Acid Wash Technique
Test Results
84
Results and DiscussionRoshi Sediment Size Impact:
Roshi River Sediment Size Impact• It is evident that sediment sizes impact in 20 different locations are
fluctuated with great variation • Particles with greater size have greater impact
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Impa
ct (
mg)
Locations
Roshi River Sediment Size Impact
<90
90-212
212-300
300-425
Impact by size of different sieve sizes in different sections of Indrawati River
Results and DiscussionIndrawati Sediment Size Impact:
• Size of sediment range 300-425 micron have high impact comparatively
• It is found that the higher the size higher is the impact value.
• The impact value is in the range of double extending from one size group to another. So it can be assured that this is also one peculiar kind of trend followed in impact.
85
Impact by size of different sieve sizes in different sections of Sunkoshi River
Results and DiscussionSunkoshi Sediment Size Impact
• It is evident from Chartthat impact value ofdifferent sizes of sedimentat different spots havesimilar and significantvalues.
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
1 2 3 4 5
Impact
(
mg)
Spots
Sunkoshi Size Impact
<90
90-212
212-300
300-425
425-600
Results and DiscussionModi River Sediment Size Impact:
Impact on Four Test Material by 8 locations sediments of Modi river
• Same material represented by P2A P2B, P3A and P3B
• The range of impact in this chart is slightly different
• In this chart we can see fluctuation of values greatly in all locations sediment.
• But it can be concluded that the impact range in downstream of the river is more or less equal.
86
Mineral content distribution of Roshi RiverThe other minerals content minerals like Tourmaline, Garnet, Beryl and Hornblende .
Results and DiscussionMineral Content of Roshi:
• Mineral content distribution of Sunkoshi River• The other minerals content minerals like
Tourmaline, Garnet, Beryl and Hornblende .
Results and DiscussionMineral Content Sunkoshi:
≥
87
Mineral content distribution of Indrawati RiverQuartz as most dominating with approximately 70 percent followed by Mica, Feldspar, others A and others B.others A represents mixture of Tourmaline, Garnet, Beryl and Hornblende and others B represents Clay, few grains of Carbonates and few unidentified minerals.
Results and DiscussionMineral Content Indrawati:
Mineral content on sediment samples of Modi RiverQuartz content varied from 34 to 37 percent, Feldspar 6 to 8 percent, Mica 6 to 8 percent, other A 3 to 7 and B content 45 to 49 percent in all eight locations of the river section which is dominant
Quartz is found in high percentage followed by Feldspar and Mica.
Results and DiscussionMineral Content Modi:
88
Mineral content on sediment samples of Koshi Basin River• Quartz and Mica content is high in Indrawati and Sunkoshi• Quartz is found in high percentage followed by Feldspar and Mica, whileas
Feldspar quantity is low in Indrawati comparing all the results fromexperiment
Results and DiscussionMineral Content of Koshi Basin:
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Quartz Feldspar Mica Others (A) Others (B)
min
era
l co
nte
nt (
%)
Mineral
Mineral Content of Koshi Basin River
Roshi
Indrawati
Sunkoshi
Mineral Content
Quartz and feldspar are the dominating minerals in sediment sample
Mica contain muscovite and biotitic in minor amount.
The silt and sands are dominating with quartz minerals along with feldspar and few tourmalines, micas, calcite and few others
Carbonate present in the sediments is about 5 %.
Results and Discussion:Mineral Content
89
Results and DiscussionSediment Shape :
Shape of sediment categorized into five shapes and its comparisons and abundance were accounted
• Circular with high Sphercity• Circular with low Sphercity• Elongated• Square • Triangular
Results and DiscussionRoshi River Shape :
90
Five shapes• Circular with high Sphercity• Circular with low Sphercity• Elongated• Square • Triangular
• Circular with low sphercity amounts 28 % of total sediment
• Triangular shape sediment accounts least with 11%
• Circular shape sediments are more available at downstream of the rives
Results and DiscussionRoshi River Shape :
Circular with High
Sphericity25%
Circular with Low
Sphericity28%
Elongated20%
Square16%
Triangular11%
Roshi river average sediment shape aboundance
Categorizing shape of sediment more generally intofive shapes
1. Circular with high Sphercity2. Circular with low Sphercity3. Elongated4. Square5. Triangular
• Circular with low sphericity sediment abundancecovers 29%, whereas triangular is found 9% only.
• This shows similar abundance as that of withRoshi river sediment
Results and DiscussionIndrawati River Sediment Shape Abundance:
Circular with High
Sphericity25%
Circular with Low Sphericity
29%
Elongated22%
Square15%
Triangular9%
Indrawati River average sediment shape abundance
91
Results and DiscussionSunkoshi River Sediment Shape Abundance:
Circular with High Sphericity
25%
Circular with Low Sphericity
29%Elongated
24%
Square17%
Triangular5%
Sunkoshi River average sediment shape abundance
This pie chart shows similar abundance of sediment shapes with Roshi and Indrawatiriver sediment
Each parameter has direct impact on turbo machineries
Particle can be described based on mineral content, shape and size.
Conclusion
Particle and its impact test rig can be developed by using software in conjunction with hydro test rig.
92
21 different shapes are identified using Digital Image Processing
Circular with low spherecity is highly abundant with least with Irregular shape
Conclusion
Quartz is the most abundant mineral content with more than 50 percent.
Higher sieve size sediment have high impact values on turbine surface than the smaller one
Conclusion
Irregular shapes sediments are more abundant inupstream of the river and slowly changes to lessspherical and round shape sediments whiletravelling to downstream part of the river
93
• Development of systematic test rig of Sand particles features characterization can be utilized for – Hydro power plant generation– Turbo machineries impact by particles – Water quality monitoring– Irrigation– Drinking water– Wastewater treatment area
• Combined Erosion Model of sediment can be further work to access from this work
Recommendation
Thank you For Your Kind Attention
94
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [X] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Kjartan Furnes Name of Supervisor(s) Nielsen/Solemslie
Department Energy and Process Eng. Research start date 14.01.13
Email [email protected] Research completing date 10.06.13
Mobile no +47 92065408
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Numerical simulation of flows on Pelton buckets by SPH
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Background The flow in a Pelton turbine is affected by a number of complex flow phenomenons. These include high speeds, sharp gradients, free surface flow, droplets and two‐phase flow. It has in the past decade has been a significant development of numerical fluid simulations in Pelton turbines. Lack of good and detailed measurements these simulations are essentially validated based on qualitative criteria, rather than a comparison of detailed measurements. To improve the accuracy of the calculations developed a simplified 2D profile that enables highly accurate measurements in the liquid layer.
Objective
Verifying Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations in DualSPHysics using an analytical problem and investigate the ability to simulate flow in Pelton buckets. The starting point is a former Master.
Presenter’s Signature Date 13.03.13
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
95
1
Flow in Pelton Turbine
Numerical simulation of flows on Pelton buckets by SPH
Master's thesis by Kjartan Furnes
Kathmandu University March 2013
2
Thesis objective
Make a simple verification of the simulation program DualSPHysics
Assess whether DualSPHysics and SPH can be a good tool for simulating flows in Pelton turbines
96
3
SPH• Smoothed particle hydrodynamics method
• A mesh-free Lagrangian method
• Smoothed particle hydrodynamics is being increasingly used to model fluid motion
4
DualSPHysics• Open-source SPH model
• Developed by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Uni., the Uni. of Vigo, the Uni. of Manchester and the Uni. of Rome
• Implemented in C++ and CUDA language
97
5
Test Case 1: Jet Impinging Plate
6
Test Case 2: Simple Geometry
• Simplification
• Experimental data from previous graduate student
98
7
Video:
8
99
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [X] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Milan Poudel Name of Supervisor(s) Mr. Biraj Singh Thapa
Department/Level Mechanical / UNG Research start date 5 oct 2012
Email Research completing date continued
Mobile no 009779849497842
Name of other members (if applicable)
Sanil Makaju Shrestha, Ashok Bista, Kailash Kunwar, Nitish Shrestha
Title of Presentation: Prospects Of Utilization Of Pump Turbine In Nepalese Hydropower Project
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
This research is done to find out the suitable site for pump turbine unit Nepal among possible sites. And this helps to understand the working principles of pump turbines. This project will be helpful to manage the load demand variation as it is becoming major problem in country like Nepal.
Presenter’s Signature Date
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
100
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
ON
CURRENT RESEARCH IN HYDRAULIC TURBINES(CRTH-II)
Prospects of utilization of pump turbine in Nepalese hydropower projects
Project SupervisorBiraj Singh ThapaKathmandu UniversityTurbine Testing Lab
PresenterMilan PaudelGroup MembersAshok BistaNitish ShresthaSanil Makaju ShresthaKailash Kunwar
INTRODUCTION
• Energy production from hydropower is not always the same
• Seasonal rivers
• Variation in load demand
• Need of backup unit or energy storage unit
• Wind and solar power have their own set of complications
• Use of reversible pump turbine
101
OBJECTIVES
To find out the suitable site for pump turbine unit Nepal among possible sites.
Study about RPT and Design for the selected site.
REVERSIBLE PUMP TURBINE
Reversible Pump turbine is a single unit that can be to generate the electricity and to pump the water as well.
It can be used as turbines that uses the excess amount of water from the river with high head to generate electricity.
It can act as a pump to supply water to the main unit from the river at lower head to make all the units run during dry season.
102
APPLICATION OF PUMP TURBINE IN NEPAL
PROJECT WORK
Collection of data about already constructed hydropower and identified hydropower sites.
From these information, some possible sites for using the RPT can be selected on the basis of :
1) Existence two rivers that flow very close to each other having different head.
2) Possibilities of constructing reservoirs.
103
PROJECT WORK
We have been working on mat-lab programming to obtain the streamline curves to make blade profile of RPT.
We will design a blade profile of RPT using the curves we obtained from the mat-lab.
Fabrication of designed pump turbine blade
CONCLUSION
New and feasible technology for Nepal.
Challenges and difficulties.
At the complication of the project we hope we will be able to find some possible sites for using reversible pump turbine and to design a turbine model for a particular selected site.
104
105
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [X] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Mons Ole Dyvik Sellevold Name of Supervisor(s) Torbjørn Nielsen / Pål‐Tore Storli
Department Energy and Process Eng. Research start date 14.01.2013
Email [email protected] Research completing date 10.06.2013
Mobile no +47 412 65 424
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: U‐tube oscillations in hydro power plants
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Hydro power plants with long tunnels often have surge shafts installed to better regulation stability and lower the pressure e to waterhammer.
The damping of U‐tube oscillations between magazine and surge shaft is not very well known.
This Research will investigate the hydraulic properties of U‐tube oscillations, and try to develop better damping models.
Measurements in lab and in a real power plant to measure the damping and check with model.
Presenter’s Signature Date 13.03.2013
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
106
1
U-tube oscillations in hydro power plants
The damping of U-tube oscillations between the upper reservoire and surge shaft
Master's thesis by Mons Ole Dyvik Sellevold
Kathmandu University March 2013
2
�Hydro power plants with long tunnels often have surge shafts/chambers or an air cushion installed.
�Any change in volume flow, due to load changes, leads to mass oscillations between free surfaces in the system.
107
3
U-tube oscillations
4
Head loss
Todays practice (as if stationary):
Too low damping!
�∆H = f * Q^2
108
5
Velocity profile
In real: dynamic!
�Huge shear stresses�How to model this?
6
Tasks
�Plan and do a U-tube oscillation test at the Water
Power Laboratory
�Measure the velocity profile by use of PIV
�Model and simulate the damping in MatLab
�Measure U-tube oscillations in a real power plant
�Compare model and measurements
109
7
Thank you!
110
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ X ] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Bidhan Rajkarnikar
Name of Supervisor(s) Dr. Hari P. Neopane Mr. Biraj Singh Thapa
Department/Level Mechanical/Masters
Research start date 1 August 2012
Email [email protected]
Research completing date
4 March 2013
Mobile no +977-9841565066
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Study of Sediment Erosion in Francis Turbine Runner at Laboratory Conditions
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
This research is a part of a project under the Renewable Nepal program supported by NORAD which aims to design a Francis turbine suitable to handle sediment erosion and ultimately to start manufacturing of such turbines in Nepal. The theoretical design of the Francis turbine runner has already been completed and verified using CFD analysis. The current research is focused in the experimental analysis of the new design through laboratory tests. A test setup called Rotating Disc Apparatus has been designed for this purpose and installed in the Turbine Testing Lab at Kathmandu University. The designed test rig was successful in carrying out tests of sediment erosion in the runner blades of Francis turbine. The developed test setup was used for comparative study of two alternative designs of Francis runner blades; the reference design, which is designed with traditional design methodology and the optimized design, which has been designed in earlier studies. Results obtained were also compared with the erosion conditions in actual hydropower site for verification and was found to be similar to the real cases.
Presenter’s Signature
Date 15-03-2013
111
A PRESENTATION
ON
STUDY OF SEDIMENT EROSION IN
FRANCIS TURBINE RUNNER AT
LABORATORY CONDITIONS
BY:
BIDHAN RAJKARNIKAR
ENPE – MPPOES 2011
19TH MARCH, 2013
Supervisor:
Dr. Hari P. Neopane
Co--supervisor:
Mr. Biraj Singh Thapa
• Part of a project under the Renewable Nepal Programme supported by NORAD
• The project aims to design a new Francis turbine suitable to handle sediment erosion and ultimately to start manufacturing of the new turbines in Nepal
• Hydraulic design conditions have been identified for Francis turbine to minimize sediment erosion maintaining the highest possible efficiency
• The best design was analyzed with the help of CFD to evaluate the performance in virtual erosive environment
• Tests of physical model of the design is required to verify the results of CFD analysis
2
Background
112
RDA Assembly
3Isometric View of RDA Assembly
Housing Shaft
V-belt drive
Cover
Motor
Foundation frame
Modification of old RDA
4
Three quarter sectional view of old RDA
Three quarter section view of new RDA
Cooling chamber
Rotating disc chamber
Base plate
Inlet points for sand and water
Bearing
Points for temperature and pressure measurement
Test specimens
113
Blade attachment
5
Blade base
Blade
Countersunk screw
Seat for blade base
Disc
6
Reservoir for cooling water
Cooling water outlet
Motor RDA
RDA setup installed in TLL
114
7
Casting of Blades
Reference Design
Optimized Design
Observations of Wear Pattern
8
Reference design Optimized design
(CFD results referenced from Thapa BS, 2011)
115
Comparison with Real Case
9
Reference design Runner of JHC(Courtesy, BPC)
10
Observations of Wear Pattern
Before
After 350 min After 350 min
Reference design Optimized design
Before
116
Observations of Loss of Material
11
81.5
73.968.3
62.8
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
0 100 200 300 400
Weig
ht (
gm
)
Time of operation (min)
Combined Weight
A
B93.5
80.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 100 200 300 400
Cu
mu
lati
ve e
ros
ion
(m
g/g
m)
Time of operation (min)
Cumulative Erosion
A
B
Thank YouFor your kind attention!
12
117
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel& Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [X] IOEStudent [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Kristin TessemKolsaker Name of Supervisor(s) Torbjørn K. Nielsen
Department EPT Research start date 14. jan 2013
Email [email protected] Research completing date 10. jun 2013
Mobile no +47 952 38 162
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation:
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Background (project thesis)
Transients and oscillationscan be observed in up‐ and downstreamsurgeshaftswhenchangingtheoperationpointof a general turbine unit. Theseoscillations, althoughmuchslowerthanRSI (rotor stator interaction), canmodulatecavitationevents in theturbine.
Boththeavailable and requiredNPSH (net positive suction head) areaffected. To show this an analysisofvelocitytriangles and an analysisoffluctuations in themassflowdownstreamoftheturbineweremade in my projectthesis.
Object (Master thesis)
In my master thesis I will plan a cavitation‐rig at thelaboratory at NTNU. Modulatedcavitation is ofhighinterest for research purposes, and there is a lackofexperimentalanalysisonthefield. The Waterpowerlaboratory at NTNU has for some time nowhad plans to buildsuch a rig
Presenter’s Signature Date
Please submit this application no later than 15March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
118
Evaluation of modulated cavitation in hydroturbines
Kristin Tessem Kolsaker, March 2013
•Describe the spesifications for a cavitation test‐rig that is to be built at NTNU. (tests on airfoils)•Compare with other rigs (SAFL, AMC etc.)
119
•Make a complete drawing of the rig placed in the Waterpower Laboratory (fully customized)
2D / 3D
Autodesk Inventor (drawing program)
•Describe the necessary instrumentation–Pipes (steel, diameter)–Pump–Test section (plexi glass)–Screens, honeycombs etc
120
•Prepare total cost–file an application
–Thanks for your attention!
121
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [X] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Ravi Koirala
Name of Supervisor(s) Prof. Bhola Thapa &Mr. Biraj Singh Thapa
Department/Level Department of Mechanical Engineering
Research start date September, 2012
Email [email protected]
Research completing date May, 2013
Mobile no 9841-381391
Name of other members (if applicable)
Sanjeep Subedi and Sneha Sefalika
Title of Presentation: PERFORMANCE TEST OF FRANCIS TURBINE IN LABORATORY
CONDITIONS TO ESTIMATE EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT EROSION
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
This project is the Undergraduate final year project in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University which is being carried out at Turbine Testing Lab, Kathmandu University. We aim towards study of the particle behavior on the blade profile of Francis runner. In the absence of the standard for the erosion test of the hydraulic turbines, this is our attempt to standardize the turbines that are to be used in the future by the upcoming hydropower plants of Nepal. Here we attempt to physically simulate the flow with the sand particles to replicate the erosion behavior of the optimized profile. The physical result will be validated with the CFD result. In the presentation the project aim and activity will be presented. Since the project is first of its kind we are expecting suggestions from the researchers working with the relevant field.
Presenter’s Signature Date 15-03-2013
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
122
PERFORMANCE TEST OF FRANCIS TURBINE IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS TO ESTIMATE
EFFECTS OF SEDIMENT EROSION
PRESENTERRavi Koirala
Undergraduate Final Year Department of Mechanical Engineering
March 19, 2013 CV Raman Auditorium, KU
International Symposium on
CURRENT RESEARCH IN HYDRAULIC TURBINE
Other team membersSneha SefalikaSanjeep Subedi
Undergraduate Final YearDepartment of Mechanical Engineering
Supervisors:Prof. Bhola Thapa
Asst. Prof. Biraj Singh ThapaTurbine Testing Lab
Department of Mechanical EngineeringKathmandu University
Tests performed yet has the facility for material check
An effort to perform the test on the profile
Required design and data of the turbine is taken fromTurbine Testing Lab, Kathmandu University.
Visualize the sediment erosion in lab setup rather than thefield
Final year project for Bachelor of Engineering inMechanical Engineering
With a vision of establishing Turbine Testing Lab as aCENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR SEDIMENT EROSION TEST
Project Background
123
Review of past research on quantification of sedimenterosion on hydraulic machines in general and Francis turbinein particular.
Design and fabricate a test rig to replicate sediment erosionbehavior in Francis runner blade through accelerated test.
Comparison of erosion effects between reference designand optimized design of Francis turbine by numerical tools,experimental verification and field observation.
Objectives
Project outline
Physical test for the erosion
Numerical simulation of
location of erosion
Comparative study regarding the erosion
locality
124
Our Requirement In a Test Rig
Adjustment of the blade profile for analysis of effect on the profile unlike the past practices which summarizes the effect on the material.
Facility of erosion comparison on the basis of various parameters.
Reusing facility of abrasive material and water.
Minimum effect of abrasive material on other accessories such as impeller of pump, duct, etc.
Blade profile will be tested
Three blades are sandwiched between section of Hub and Shroud
Middle blade is similar to real type flow
Tests will be performed at BEP i.e. Guide vane angle fixed to the BEP
Brief about the Rig
Fig Schematic test loop
125
Test Rig
Computational Model
126
Computational Model
VARIABLES DESIGN VARIABLES(X) CFX
(Y)
DIFFERENCE
(X‐Y)
Head H
Flow rate Q
Efficiency
Inlet velocities:
U1
Cm1
Cu1
C1
W1
Wu1
Outlet velocities at
diameter Dref
U2
Cm2
Cu2
C2
W2
Wu2
201.5 m
2.35 m3/s
96%
46.6008 m/s
9.7036 m/s
‐40.7214 m/s
41.8615 m/s
11.3458 m/s
5.8794 m/s
0.3901 m
20.4265 m/s
12.8960 m/s
0 m/s
12.8960 m/s
24.1468 m/s
20.4256 m/s
201.6390 m
2.3500 m3/s
97.0208%
46.4024 m/s
9.2041 m/s
‐43.0341 m/s
44.0076 m/s
9.8043 m/s
3.3683 m/s
0.3978 m
19.4472 m/s
10.3726 m/s
‐0.6289 m/s
10.8785 m/s
21.5702 m/s
18.8184 m/s
‐0.139 m
0 m3/s
‐1.0208%
0.1984 m/s
0.4995 m/s
2.3126 m/s
‐2.1461 m/s
1.5415 m/s
2.5111 m/s
‐0.0077m
0.9793 m/s
2.5234 m/s
0.6289 m/s
2.0175 m/s
2.5766 m/s
1.6072 m/s
Rig design is completed and is in the phase of development
Development of computational model is performed and is in the phase for computation of erosion.
Conclusion
127
THANK YOU
Suggestions are welcomed …
128
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [X] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Johanne Seierstad Name of Supervisor(s) Torbjorn Nielsen
Department Energy and process engineering
Research start date September, 2012
Email [email protected] Research completing date
February, 2013
Mobile no (+47) 94365550
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Design of a Francis turbine test rig
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
The Waterpower laboratory has participating in establishing a hydraulic test laboratory at Kathmandu University in Nepal. The Turbine Testing Lab at Kathmandu University in Nepal. The Turbine Testing Lab at Kathmandu University is designed to handle performance testing of model turbines. However, there is no such test rig in the laboratory yet to meet the IEC standards.
The test rig located in the Waterpower Laboratory at NTNU has the capability to carry out model tests of Francis turbines according to the specifications of IEC 60193 which is the standard used in such model tests. This test rig will be the model for the design of a similar test rig at Kathmandu University.
The main objective in this project has be to evaluate the current plans for the design of the simplified Francis turbine testing rig at TTL, against the requirements given by IEC 60193. By this, suggestions are made on how they can move closer to this standard, based on the available resources.
An important task has been to determine today`s situation at the TTL with regards to the instrumentation and calibration equipment,and propose alternative improved solutions.
As a part of the project, efficiency measurements and calibration of the equipment has been performed in the Waterpower Laboratory at NTNU. The efficiency test was done by running the test rig in an “open loop”, to make the test conditions as equal as possible between TTL and NTNU.
Presenter’s Signature
Date
129
Hovedoppgave ved
IMM
våren 2003
Design of a Francis turbine test rig
by
Johanne Seierstad
Background
Nepal has a huge potential when it comes to development ofhydropower. As an important part of this development, the TurbineTesting Lab (TTL) has been implemented at Kathmandu University(KU) in Nepal. The TTL is still under development to meetinternational requirements set for testing of hydraulic runners. Thereis an ongoing project for an installation of a simplified Francis test rigat the laboratory.
NTNU has a close collaboration with Kathmandu University, whichopens an important possibility for sharing knowledge of turbinetesting and experiences when it comes to hydraulic machinery ingeneral.
The Francis test rig located in the Waterpower Laboratory at NTNUis able to carry out model tests according to the specifications of IEC60193, which is the standard used in such model testing. This rig willbe a model for the design of a Francis turbine testing rig at KU.
Objective
The main objective in this project has be to evaluate the current plans for the design of the simplified Francis turbine testing rig at TTL, against the requirements given by IEC 60193. By this, suggestions are made on how they can move closer to this standard , based on the available resources.
An important task has been to determine today`s situation at the TTL with regards to the instrumentation and calibration equipment,
and propose alternative improved solutions.
As a part of the project, efficiency measurements and calibration of the equipment at NTNU has been performed. The efficiency test was done by running the test rig in an “open loop”, to make the test conditions as equal as possible between TTL and NTNU.
Project Thesis at
Waterpower Laboratory - NTNU
2012/2013
Supervisor: Torbjørn NielsenTurbine Testing Lab, Kathmandu
University, Nepal
130
Hovedoppgave ved
IMM
våren 2003
Design of a Francis turbine test rig
by
Johanne Seierstad
Project Thesis at
Waterpower Laboratory - NTNU
2012/2013
Supervisor: Torbjørn Nielsen
Efficiency tests for a Francis turbine
Measurements of
- Pressure,through He
- Torque, T
- Flow, Q
- Rotational speed
Primary/ Secondary methods
Variation of guide vane angle and
generator speed
131
Hovedoppgave ved
IMM
våren 2003
Design of a Francis turbine test rig
by
Johanne Seierstad
Project Thesis at
Waterpower Laboratory - NTNU
2012/2013
Supervisor: Torbjørn Nielsen
The Francis test rig at the Waterpower Laboratory at NTNU, Norway
Measurement of Instrument Type Method of calibration
Primary-/ secondary calibration method
Comments
Flow Electromagnetic flowmeter
Krohne 4000 Weighing tank method
Primary Weight tank calibrated in advance
Inlet and diff. pressure
Pressure transducer Fuji FHCW 36 Ackay
Dead weight tester/ Manometer
Primary Very sensitive manometer
Generator torque
Load cell Hottinger Dead weights/ Lever arm
Primary
Friction torque Load cell Hottinger Dead weights/ Lever arm
Primary Reaches about 4-5 percent of total torque in some operation points
Rotational speed
Optical sensor - No need of calibration
-
Temperature Sensor Siemens Pt100 No need of calibration
-
Oxygen quantity
Sensor Trioxmatic 700SW
No need of calibration
-
132
Hovedoppgave ved
IMM
våren 2003
Design of a Francis turbine test rig
by
Johanne Seierstad
Project Thesis at
Waterpower Laboratory - NTNU
2012/2013
Supervisor: Torbjørn Nielsen
The simplified Francis rig at Turbine Testing Lab, Kathmandu University, Nepal:
Measurement of Instrument Type Method of calibration
Primary-/ secondary calibration method
Comments
Flow Electromagnetic flowmeter
Krohne 4000 or an older model
Triangular or rectangular weirs
Secondary Volumetric tank available in the lab
Inlet and diff. pressure
Pressure transducer
ITT PA 21Y Suggestion: Druck DPI 610
Secondary Alternative calibration, cheaper equipment.
Generator torque Torque transducer M420-S3B Rotary transducer.
Dead weights/ Lever arm
Primary Measures the torque directly on the shaft
Friction torque Not measured - Dead weights/ Lever arm
Primary Should be installed in the future, or estimated.
Rotational speed Optical sensor - No need of calibration
- -
Temperature Sensor - No need of calibration
- Measured right in front of the turbine
Oxygen quantity Not measured - - - Not measured
133
Hovedoppgave ved
IMM
våren 2003
Design of a Francis turbine test rig
by
Johanne Seierstad
Project Thesis at
Waterpower Laboratory - NTNU
2012/2013
Supervisor: Torbjørn Nielsen
Suggestions and improvements of the simplified Francis rig at TTL:
Pressure measurement:
- Calibration by a Druck DPI 610 ( Decrease the costs)
- Increase number of pressure taps
- Measure the differential pressure directly
Generator torque measurement:
- Calibration without replacement of the generator shaft
-Friction torque measurement:
-To move closer to the IEC in the future, this contribution has to be measured.
Discharge measurement:
- Calibration by use of a volumetric tank instead of weirs.
Generator:
- Be able to vary the speed of the generator
134
Hovedoppgave ved
IMM
våren 2003
Design of a Francis turbine test rig
by
Johanne Seierstad
Project Thesis at
Waterpower Laboratory - NTNU
2012/2013
Supervisor: Torbjørn Nielsen
Thank you for your attention!
Further work:- Detailed planning of a Francis test rig at TTL which meets the IEC 60193
requirements
135
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [X ] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Krishna Prasad Shrestha
Name of Supervisor(s) Prof. Dr. Bhola Thapa, KU Prof. Ole Gunnaer Dahlhaug, NTNU
Department/Level MED
Research start date July, 2011
Email [email protected]
Research completing date July ,2014
Mobile no 9841266274
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Design of Francis Turbine Runner against Sand Erosion
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Erosion in the hydro turbines is one of the major challenges for the hydro turbines running in the Himalayan region. Erosion is depended on velocity, concentration, operating condition, impingement angle and hardness of substrate as well as erodent itself. In the Francis turbine, erosion deteriorates on Guide vanes, faceplates, runner blades and seal rings, etc. Several methods have been practiced to reduce the sand erosion problems on hydro turbines. Three methods are most applicable for this purpose. They are coating, optimizing turbine blade profile and increasing the size of settling basin. Out of three methods, optimizing turbine blade is economical and can be applied in initial stage of Francis turbine design. The erosive wear in Francis turbine cannot be stopped completely by current technology, but it can be reduced economically acceptable level. This paper describes the alternative Francis turbine runner design against sand erosion. The method takes a reference of past sediment data and operational condition from Jhimruk Hydroelectric Plant. The preliminary design data are modeled in the MATLAB base in-house software, and selected design data were results optimized by applying CFD analysis on ANSYS software. Finite element analysis and fluid structure interaction simulation have been performed in part model. Design method described in this paper is expected to be useful to Francis turbine manufacturing industry for the design of Francis turbine runner against erosion problem.
Presenter’s Signature Date 15-03-2013
136
www.ku.edu.npDepartment of Mechanical Engineering www.ku.edu.np/mech CRHT-II symposium: March19, 2013,KU
Krishna Prasad ShresthaEmail: [email protected]
1
Supervisors
Prof. Bhola ThapaKathmandu University, Nepal
Prof. Ole G. DhahlhangNTNU, Norway
Design of Francis Turbine Runner against sand Erosion
www.ku.edu.np
Outline
• Design
• Analysis
• Limitations
• Results
• Conclusions and Recommendation
2
137
www.ku.edu.np
Inspection of Francis Runner blade
3
Francis turbine Runner blade after one year of operation at JhimrukPower plant, Nepal
Runner assembly of TevlaPower Plant Power plant
Stay vane, Scroll casing, runner inspection at Tevla
Power Plant, Norway
Erosion on Francis turbine runner of Kalighandhaki Hydropower
Erosion on Francis turbine runner of Madhya Marshyandi Hydropower
1 2 3
4 5
www.ku.edu.np
Objectives• To design and develop new Francis turbine
that can accommodate sand erosion problem
– To analysis the impact of sand erosion on Francis turbine.
– To identify the possible solution for the minimizing effect of erosion on turbine.
– To innovate optimization on Francis Turbine design.
4
138
www.ku.edu.np
Design of Francis runner
5
• Khoj /La Higuera V5, MATLAB base GUI software
guide, blade and hub curve
erosion factor,
Velocity components,
characteristic parameters
turbine dimensions and corresponding domains for the CFD analysis
Hub
Shroud
3D Runner AssemblyBlade
www.ku.edu.np
Core design process
6
SN Parameters Value Unit1 Net design head(H) 201.5 m2 Net discharge per unit(Q) 2.35 m3/s3 Runner efficiency() 96 %
Basic design parameter for JHC
139
www.ku.edu.np
Core design process
7
Optimization Layout in ANSYS workbench
www.ku.edu.np
Comparative study: R1 and R2 Blade
8
140
www.ku.edu.np
Comparative study : R3 and R4 Blade
9
www.ku.edu.np
Comparative study: R5 and R6 Blade
10
141
www.ku.edu.np
Core design process
11
Efficiency, head, Shaft power and Velocity component
• Optimized trade-off charts 1
www.ku.edu.np
Core design process
12
• Optimized trade-off charts 2
Efficiency, Flow, Shaft Power and Velocity component
142
www.ku.edu.np
Core design process
13
• FEM analysis
Pressure distribution on top cover
Pressure distribution on bottom cover
www.ku.edu.np
Core design process
14
• FEM analysis• FSI Analysis
Guide vane Mesh: Nodes: 262915Elements: 173835
Stress distribution on runner Assembly
143
www.ku.edu.np
Core design process
16
Deformation on runner
(Vone Mess ) Stress distribution on blade assembly
(Vone Mess) Stress distribution on single blade
Jhimruk Francis runner ready for the dispatch after repaired at NHE
2
3 4
1
www.ku.edu.np
Limitations
• Optimization was performed only one set of blade profile.
• FSI analysis was performed only on Francis turbine runner assembly.
• During the FSI analysis, Unidirectional Coupling was chosen, considering there was no large deformation on runner due to flow field.
16
144
www.ku.edu.np
Results• Trade-off chart determines the trade-off
points which is used to show the relation between variables
• FEM analysis was performed on guide vane, upper and lower cover
• R2 Blade was selected for FSI analysis
• FSI analysis prevailed that total deformation of runner assembly for 15/8 and 10/6 blade were 0.00016931m and 0.00030865 m respectively
17
www.ku.edu.np
Conclusion• New design processes found to be more sophisticated
than the traditional way of design for the Francis turbine.
• Use of FEM, CFD and FSI tool reduce the design process and simulation time meticulously.
• Simulated result predicted that the new design method can accommodate sand erosion problem in more sophisticated way.
• Simulation should be done in whole turbine unit and for better prediction two-way simulation is more reliable.
19
145
www.ku.edu.np
Recommendation
• simulation should be done in whole turbine unit and for better prediction two-way simulation is more reliable.
• Laboratory test
19
www.ku.edu.np
20Any queries???
Thank you very much for your time and attention!!!
Erosion on Francis Turbine Runner
1
2 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
146
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel& Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [X] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Sigrid Marie Skodje Name of Supervisor(s) Torbjørn Nielsen
Department Energy and Process Eng. Research start date 14.01.2013
Email [email protected] Research completing date 10.06.2013
Mobile no +4795155929
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Real time modeling of flow systems
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Master thesis
The master thesis will contain an introduction to the use of an FPGA‐ field programmable gate array‐ and real time modeling of flow systems. I will try to make a LabVIEW program that can model, measure and control a dynamic system, and use this program in an experiment to validate the function of the program.
Presenter’s Signature Date
Please submit this application no later than 15March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
147
Real time modeling of flow systems
Master thesis by Sigrid Marie Skodje
Kathmandu University March 2013
Objective
• Program a real time LabVIEWprogram for modeling, measurements and control.
• Design a rig
• Do measurements on the rig to verify the program.
148
Process
Error
Simulation
CompareMeasurements
The process
Reconfigurable input/output ‐RIO
CompactRIO Single board‐RIO
149
The experimental rig
LabVIEW
150
Calibration
151
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [X] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Gaurab Nakarmi
Name of Supervisor(s) Biraj Singh Thapa, Sudip Adhikari
Department/Level Mechanical Engineering/UNG
Research start date September, 2012
Email [email protected]
Research completing date
August, 2013
Mobile no 9818719373
Name of other members (if applicable)
Rojina Bade, Sashant Shrestha
Title of Presentation: Developing Testing Procedure and Data Analysis System of a Simplified Francis Turbine Test Rig
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Presenter’s Signature
Date 15-03-2013
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
152
DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND DATA PROCESSING
SYSTEM FOR SIMPLIFIED FRANCIS TEST RIG
Presenter:
Gaurab Nakarmi
Team Members:
Sashant Shrestha
Rojina Bade
Supervisors:
Biraj Singh ThapaSudip Adhikari
OUTLINE OF RESEARCH WORK
• Determine required equipment for a Simplified Francis Test Rig
• Calibration of the equipment
• Development of a data processing system
153
Simplified Francis Test Rig Template
Rig to be installed by the end of April
Equipment to be used for measurement
• Flow meter
• Pressure Transducer
• Torque Transducer
• Data Taker
154
AVAILABLE EQUIPMENT
• Torque Transducer M420
– Torque range 0‐2,000Nm
– Signal Output 0‐10v, +/‐10VDC OR 4‐20mA
• Pressure Transducer ITT
– 25 bar/ 4 to 20 mA
• Ultrasonic Flowmeter MS 2500
EQUIPMENT TO BE PROCURED
• Electromagnetic Flow meter
• Temperature Sensor LMT
• Ultrasonic Level Meter ULM70
155
Torque Transducer Calibration Setup
FLOW MEASUREMENT
• Electromagnetic Flow meter to be procured
• Weir to be used for calibration
156
DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
LabVIEW Front Panel Interface
DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
157
WORK REMAINING
• Calibration Procedure for flow meter and differential pressure transducer
• Data Processing system for the rig
THANK YOU
158
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category
KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [X] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Tage Morken Augustson Name of Supervisor(s) Torbjørn Nielsen
Department Energy and Process Research start date 16.01.2013
Email [email protected] Research completing date
12.06.2013
Mobile no +47 48212094
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: The influence of bend geometry on hydraulic efficiency
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Background
During the author's specialization project (Augustson, 2012), the effect of bends on velocity profiles, and the importance of velocity profiles at the inlet of turbines, were briefly discussed. It is of great interest, especially concerning low head turbines, to look closer into how conduit designers affect the inlet conditions of the turbine, and hence the turbine efficiency.
Problem description
1. Analyze the accuracy of OpenFOAM for simulating pressure losses in bends
2. Analyze to which extent bends cause skewed velocity profiles
3. Analyze how skewed velocity profiles may cause low efficiency
4. Simulate the flow through a turbine where the inlet conditions are defined by the conduit geometry
Presenter’s Signature
Date
Please submit this application no later than 15 March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
159
1
The influence of bends on hydraulic efficiency
Master's thesis by Tage Morken AugustsonPresentation at Kathmandu University
March 2013
2
A skewed velocity field caused by a bend
160
3
The influence of bends on hydraulic efficiency
- Discussion on the potential influence of skewed velocity fields on hydraulic efficiency
- Investigation into the relationship between bend geometry and skewed velocity profiles
4
Analyzing velocity fields through curved pipes
161
5
Axial velocities in Plane AA after bends of R/r=8 and R/r=2
6
Axial velocities in Plane AA after bends of R/r=8 and R/r=2
162
Presenter’s Form
One Day International Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines, CRHT-II”
19 March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel & Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [X] NTNU‐Student [ ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Amod Panthee Name of Supervisor(s) Dr. Bhola Thapa,
Dr. Hari Pd. Neopane
Department/Level Mechanical Engineering Research start date May 2012
Email [email protected] Research completing date May 2014
Mobile no +977‐9841551828
Name of other members (if applicable)
NA
Title of Presentation: Failure Analaysis of Pelton Turbine: A Case Study of Khimti Hydropower
Title of Research (if different from Presentation): “ “
Summary of Research and Presentation:
The operation of hydraulic turbines, which converts the huge amount of hydraulic forces into mechanical energy, has always been a challenge. The turbines are also exposed to various start‐stop cycles throughout the operation. These hydraulic forces and start‐stop cycles induces cyclic stress in the runner. The operating condition is worse in situations when rivers are loaded with higher concentration of sediment particles which erodes the turbine material. The excessive wear of turbine material causes drop in efficiency and also increases the risks in operation and frequent maintenance requirement.
Khimti Hydropower in Nepal has potential of 60 MW produced from 5 units of Pelton turbine. The concentration of sediment particles in Khimti river was recorded as high as 8536 PPM and the quartz content was 70% by volume. Due to the higher concentration of quartz particles and higher erosion rate, the runner requires frequent inspection and maintenance.
Several researches have been carried out to avoid the failure of turbine with new design methods to withstand the stresses induced during operation. Despite of this, the hydraulic turbines fail due to combinations of manufacturing defects, loading conditions and improper maintenance. Research papers on 13Cr4Ni stainless steels indicate that cause of failure of 12 MW Pelton runner of Khimti Hydropower could be due to in‐appropriate maintenance.
In this presentation the effects of sediment erosion in hydraulic turbines will be related to frequent maintenance requirement which will be correlated with the causes of root cracks observed in runner. The proposed methodology of study on comparison of fatigue life of turbines affected by sediment erosion and process optimization for heat treatment will also be discussed.
Presenter’s Signature Amod Date March 15, 2013
163
Amod PantheeMS by Research StudentDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringKathmandu University
Failure Analysis of Pelton RunnerA CASE STUDY OF KHIMTI HYDROPOWER
March 19, 2013
Presentation on MS by Research Project
One Day International SymposiumCURRENT RESEARCH IN HYDRAULIC TURBINES (CRHT) – II
Project Description
SupervisorDr. Bhola ThapaProfessor, Dept. of Mech. Engg.Kathmandu University
Co‐SupervisorDr. Hari Prasad NeopaneAssoc. Professor, Dept. of Mech. Engg.Kathmandu University
AdvisorsMr. Biraj Singh Thapa, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, KUMr. Ishwor Man Deshar, Plant Manager, Khimti Hydropower, Dolakha, NepalMr. Bjorn Winther Solemslie, PhD Candidate, NTNU, Norway
164
Background
SOLUTION
Purchase New Turbines
Repair and Run
Erosion in Hydraulic Turbines
Efficiency Drop
Increases Risk in Operation
Technical Improvement
Minimum thickness measured in bucket was 1.6 mm
Runner after repair and operationRepair of RunnerNDT before RepairErosion in Bucket
Porosity and Cracks seen in bucket surface and root
165
Khimti Hydropower: Operating Details and Runner DimensionNet Head 660 m
Discharge at Design Head 2.15 m3/s
Total Capacity 60 MW
Number of Units 5
Number of Nozzle 2
Runner Material 13/4 Cr/Ni SS
Pitch Circle Diamter (PCD) 1400 mm
Number of Buckets 22
Bucket Width 384 mm
Weight of runner 1900 Kg
Overview of Runner RepairMeasurement of Bucket Thickness
and Balancing of Runner
Non Destructive Test
Pre‐heat
Weld Deposit
Rough Grinding
Dye Penetrant Test
Profile Rectification
DPTMPT
Post Weld Heat Treatment
Heating Electrodes in oven
Continuous Record of Temperature
166
Temperature Measurement
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Effects of Sediment Erosion in Fatigue Life
Original Bucket Geometry
CFD Analysis
Fatigue Analysis
Reduced Bucket Thickness
CFD Analysis
Fatigue Analysis
Comparison of Fatigue Life between original bucket dimensions and reduced bucket thickness
167
Heat Treatment Optimization
Mechanical
MicrostructuralThermal
Material Properties
Material modeling using MATLAB
Thermal Analysis Using ANSYS
Thermo‐mechanical coupling in ANSYS
Micro‐structural property
Experimental verification
Experimental Verification
• Metallurgy Study
• Fatigue Test
• Hardness Test
• Toughness Test
169
Presenter’s Form
One Day Symposium on
“Current Research in Hydraulic Turbines-II”
19March 2013, KU, Dhulikhel& Kathmandu, Nepal
Details of Presenter
Application Category KU‐Student [ ] NTNU‐Student [X ] IOE Student [ ] Others [ ]
Name of Presenter Oystein S. Hveem Name of Supervisor(s) Torbjorn Nielsen
Department Energy and process Research start date August 2012
Email [email protected] Research completing date December 2012
Mobile no +4799406075
Name of other members (if applicable)
Title of Presentation: Control system for small turbines in developing countries
Title of Research (if different from Presentation):
Summary of Research and Presentation:
Three different solutions for regulation of hydropower in developing countries has been studied. A pure mechanical hydraulic control system using the fly ball principle is an outdated solution only used in old power plants. It is hard to obtain high quality spare parts since the big manufacturers have stopped production of this kind of control system. The maintenance is not complicated, but it has to be done frequently and well with periodically oil change and control. An electrohydraulic regulator is using electronic components for measuring and controlling the frequency. This has resulted in a more compact solution compared to the pure mechanical solution. A well-made robust electrohydraulic system is easy to maintain with focus on check of loose or disconnected wires. The disadvantage is that the software needs to be upgraded more frequently and that it could be difficult to repair. The third solution analyzed is the electronic load controller (ELC). This is a solution that has been used in several hydropower projects in developing countries. The controller works like an electrical brake, keeping the torque constant on the generator. The excess power is directed into one or several dump loads. In the report, two different designs have been analyzed: Jan Portegijs' Humming bird and Anders Austegard's simplified version for use in Afghanistan. ELC is a good solution for small run-of-river power plants in stand alone power systems. If a reservoir is connected, an electrohydraulic regulator is a better solution, utilizing more of the potential energy in the water. For a stand alone system connection with other energy sources may be desirable. Connection with three different energy sources, PV-energy, wind-energy and fossil fuel are described in this report. Location and economy is depending what energy source that may be applicable.
Presenter’s Signature Date
Please submit this application no later than 15March 2013 to:
Turbine Testing Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University
GPO Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal
E‐mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
170
Project thesis by Øystein Hveem
Control system for small turbines in developing countries
Objective:
“Study of different governing systems to regulate small stand alone systems in developing countries”
Three different governing systems:
1. Pure mechanical/ hydraulic governor
2. Electrohydraulic governor
3. Electronic load controller ( ELC)
171
1. Pure mechanical/ hydraulic governor:
● Flyball principle
● PID- regulator
● Need of frequently maintenance
● Nowadays, an outdated solution
2. Electrohydraulic governor
● Cheap electronic components
● PID- regulator
● More compact solution
● Nowadays, the most used solution
172
3. Electronic load controller ( ELC)
● Electronic brake, by use of several dump loads
● Good solution for small stand alone systems
● Compact system
● Cheap
Further work:
● Work with an Electronic load controller (ELC) from Remote HydroLight, Afghanistan.
● Testing of the ELC in the laboratory at NTNU, and connect it to a cross- flow turbine.
173
Thank you for your attention!
174
Photos
175
Photo 1 Inaugural Speech by Vice-Chancellor Dr. Ram Kantha Makaju Shrestha
Photo 2: Welcome speech by Prof. Dr. Bhola Thapa, Dean, SOE
176
Photo 3: Presentation on Program overview and recent activities at TTL by Mr. Biraj Singh Thapa, Program Coordinator (CRHT-II) & Faculty in Charge, Turbine Testing Lab
Photo 4: Presentation by PhD. Candidates Mr. Peter Joachim Gogstad from NTNU & Mr. Laxman Poudel and Mr. Krishna Prasad Shrestha from KU
Photo 5: Presentation from Ms. Ingeborg Lassen Bue & Ms. Julie Marie Hovland Masters student from NTNU and Mr. Bidhan Rajkarnikar, ENPE masters graduate from KU
177
Photo 6: Presentation by Chris O' Rourke, Researcher in PEEDA and graduate of University of Leeds, UK & Mr. Sailesh Chitrakar, KTH Sweden
Photo 7: Certificates and cap distribution to presenters by Chair Person Associate Professor Mr. Brijhesh Adhikari, Dr. Hari P. Neopane and Dr. Bibek Baral
Photo 8: Participating audience: International Symposium on Current Researches in Hydraulic Turbines II
178
Photo 9: Closing Remarks from Associate Professor Dr. Bim P. Shrestha, HOD, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Photo 10: Certificates distribution and Closing Speech by Registrar Dr. Bhadraman Tuladhar
179
Photo 11: Presenters, Participants and Organizers in front of Turbine Testing Lab, KU