1

INF GR / PS / 70

Current Status in Koreafor Pedestrian Safety Rule-making Researches

2004. 2.

Ministry of Construction and Transportation

Republic of Korea

2

INF GR / PS / 70

CONTENTS

I.I. Accident AssessmentsAccident Assessments

II.II. Research Activities for PedestrianResearch Activities for Pedestrian

III. Harmonization Activities

3

INF GR / PS / 70

I. Accident Assessment

4

INF GR / PS / 70

• Korea Pedestrian Fatality

• 37.2%(2000): 3,890(10,236)

• 43.5%(2002): 3,086(7,090)

• Need Pedestrian Regulation for Domestic Environment

• Consider Current Technology and Maker’s Preparations

• Must be Harmonized with Europe/IHRA

1. Backgrounds

Rate of pedestrain fatalitiesin traffic accident (2000)

1912.6

28.3

37.2

50

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Europe USA Japan Korea China

Dea

th r

ate

(%

)

5

INF GR / PS / 70

2. Trends of Vehicle Increments

0

2,000,000

4,000,000

6,000,000

8,000,000

10,000,000

12,000,000

14,000,000

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Year

Num

ber

of V

ehic

le R

egis

ted

6

INF GR / PS / 70

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f T

raff

ic A

ccid

ents

3. Frequency of Traffic Accidents

7

INF GR / PS / 70

4. Trends of Traffic Accident Fatalities

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f F

atal

ity

8

INF GR / PS / 705. Trends of Traffic Accident Fatalities(Number of Fatalities / 1 Million Vehicles)

0

10

20

30

40

50

6019

88

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Year

Num

ber o

f Fat

ality

/ 1M

Veh

icle

9

INF GR / PS / 70

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Year

Num

ber

of I

njur

ies

6. Trends of Traffic Accident Injuries

10

INF GR / PS / 70

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Year

Num

ber

of I

njur

ies

/ 1M

Veh

icle

7. Trends of Traffic Accident Injuries(Number of Injuries / 1 Million Vehicles)

11

INF GR / PS / 70

8. Trends of Accident Types - Fatalities

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

Vehicle vs. Pedestrian Vehicle vs. Vehicle Vehicle Alone

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Vehiclevs.

Pedestrian

12

INF GR / PS / 70

0

5

10

15

20

25

Vehicle vs. Pedestrian Vehicle vs. Vehicle Vehicle Alone

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Vehiclevs.

Pedestrian

9. Trends of Accident Types (Number of Fatalities / 1 Millions Vehicles)

13

INF GR / PS / 70

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

WalkingagainstVehicle

WalkingParallel toVehicle

Crossing WhilePlaying on

Road

WhileWorking on

Road

WhileStopping onRoad-Side

WhileWalking onSidewalk

WhileWalking onRoad-Side

Others

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

10. Trends of Pedestrian Accident Types - Fatalities

14

INF GR / PS / 70

44%

39%

17%

Vehicle vs. pedestrian Vehicle vs. Vehicle Vehicle Alone

11. ’02 Year Accident Types - Fatalities

Pedestrianvs.

Vehicle

Total Fatalities: 7,090Total Fatalities: 7,090

15

INF GR / PS / 70

12. ’02 Year Pedestrian Accident Types - Fatalities

2%

52%

36%

1%1%

2%

4%

1%

1%

Walking against Vehicle Walking Parallel to Vehicle Crossing

While Playing on Road While Working on Road While Stopping on Road-Side

While Walking on Sidewalk While Walking on Road-Side Others

AccidentsWhile

Crossing

16

INF GR / PS / 7013. ’02 Pedestrian Accident by Vehicle Types - Injuries

Total Injuries : 59,236

56%

15%

17%

0% 5% 7%

Sedan Van/SUV Heavy-truck Special-vehicle Motorcycle ETC

SedanType

Vehicles

17

INF GR / PS / 70

14. ’02 Pedestrian Accident by Vehicle Types - Fatalities

Total Fatalities : 3,086

45%

17%

30%

1% 2% 5%

Sedan Van/SUV Heavy-truck Special-vehicle Motorcycle ETC

SedanType

Vehicles

18

INF GR / PS / 7015. ’02 Pedestrian Injured Body - Injured

Total Injuries : 57,476

17%

28%

5%4%8%

10%

28%

Head Neck Chest Abodminal Arm Upper_Leg Lower_leg

Head

NeckLo. Leg

19

INF GR / PS / 70

16. ’02 Pedestrian Injured Body - Fatalities

Total Fatalities : 3048

64%9%

5%

7%

1%

11%3%

Head Neck Chest Abodminal Arm Upper_Leg Lower_leg

Head

Neck

Lo. Leg

20

INF GR / PS / 70

II. Research Activities for Pedestrian in Korea

21

INF GR / PS / 70

FeasibilityStudy forP/S Device

FeasibilityStudy forP/S Device

P/SImpactorDevelop

P/SImpactorDevelop Safety TechnologySafety Technology

Join Int’l. HarmonizationJoin Int’l. Harmonization

P/S Politic & StrategyP/S Politic & Strategy

P/SEvaluation

Protocol

P/SEvaluation

Protocol

GoalGoalApplication Application

Safety CriteriaSafety Criteria

1. Objective of Research

22

INF GR / PS / 70

2. Research Scopes

Impact TestSimulation

EvaluationRules

AccidentAnalysis

Criteria &Test Methods

ExpertGroup

InternationalActivities

Equip.FabricationDesign &

Analysis

DevelopTest

DeviceEvaluation

withOthers

IssuesProblems

FeasibilityStudy for

P/S Devices

Test &Evaluation

DeviceFabrication

Design &Analysis

23

INF GR / PS / 70

(’05.4)

Propose Head Criteria

(’05.4)

Propose Head Criteria

Stage1

Stage1

Stage2

Stage2

Stage 1

Stage 2

’04’04(’03.7 - )

Head Protection

(’03.7 - )

Head Protection

(’05-’06.12)Head NPRM

(’05-’06.12)Head NPRM

After 2010Legs Rule

Application

After 2010Legs Rule

Application

(’07.12)

Propose Legs Criteria

(’07.12)

Propose Legs Criteria

(’07.01 - )Legs NPRM

(’07.01 - )Legs NPRM

(’09)Head Rule Application

(’09)Head Rule Application

(’06)(’06)(’05.5 - )

Legs Protection

(’05.5 - )

Legs Protection

3. Plan for P/S Rule-Making Activities

24

INF GR / PS / 70

4. Expected Plans for Pedestrian Safety

Stage 1

2003 2004 2005

Stage 2

2006 2007

• Head R&D Start• Head Rule Study

• Head R&D Start• Head Rule Study FinalFinal

Head Rule ApplyHead Rule Apply

Head, Leg Rule ApplyHead, Leg Rule Apply From 1996 Euro-NCAP From 1996 Euro-NCAP

2003 J-NCAP (Head)2003 J-NCAP (Head)

Leg Rule and Criteria StudyLeg Rule and Criteria StudySince ’90 R&D Start Since ’90 R&D Start

EUR

EUR

KOREA

KOREA

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

MOCT NCAP Study (Head)MOCT NCAP Study (Head) K-NCAP (Head)K-NCAP (Head)

MOCT Rule-making (Head)MOCT Rule-making (Head)

AprilJuly

After 2009

2008 After 2009

‘09 Head Rulemay

Applicable

‘09 Head Rulemay

Applicable

MOCT (Leg)MOCT (Leg)

April

2008

Dec.

JPN

JPN

1990’s

1990’s

After 2010Leg Rule may

Applicable

After 2010Leg Rule may

Applicable

• Leg R&D Start• Leg Rule Study

• Leg R&D Start• Leg Rule Study

25

INF GR / PS / 70

Vary to Vehicles inPedestrian Responses

Vary to Vehicles inPedestrian Responses

DifferentImpact

Speed, Angles

DifferentImpact

Speed, Angles

Various Test MethodsVarious Test Methods

1)

2) Evaluate Domestic Vehicles in terms of GTR Classification

Bon. Angle > 30° BLE height > 835mm

Category 31 Box

No

Yes

Category 2SUV

Category 1Sedan

Korean Vehicle

?

Y Y

N N

5. GTR Vehicle Classification

26

INF GR / PS / 70

Sedan CorridorSedan CorridorSedan CorridorSedan Corridor

5-1. Vehicle Classification(Sedan)

KOREA Sedan Corridor

IHRA/Japan Sedan Corridor

27

INF GR / PS / 70

ClassificationKorea IHRA/Japan

Lower Upper Lower Upper

BL(mm) 122 175 127 127

BCH(mm) 431 479 435 516

LEH(mm) 656 849 565 839

Bon. Length(mm) 1099 895 1200 635

Bon. Angle(˚) 13 19 11 18

Win. Angle(˚) 29 32 29 40

Comparison of Sedan CorridorComparison of Sedan CorridorComparison of Sedan CorridorComparison of Sedan Corridor

IHRA/Japan Sedan Corridor KOREA Sedan Corridor

IHRA/Japan Definition

Sedan: Bon. Angle < 30˚ & LEH < 835mm

5-2. Vehicle Classification (Sedan)

Angle Sedan SUV 1box

Child 65˚ 60˚ 25˚

Adult 65˚ 90˚ 50˚

28

INF GR / PS / 70

IHRA/Japan SUV Corridor KOREA SUV Corridor

ClassificationKorea IHRA/Japan

Lower Upper Lower Upper

BL(mm) 182 165 195 195

BCH(mm) 640 647 544 736

LEH(mm) 939 1050 832 1168

Bon. Length(mm)

1077 1132 1023 844

Bon. Angle(˚) 14 9 11 8.5

Win. Angle(˚) 39 51 36 43

Comparison of SUV CorridorComparison of SUV CorridorComparison of SUV CorridorComparison of SUV Corridor

5-3. Vehicle Classification (SUV)

IHRA/Japan Definition

SUV: Bon. Angle < 30˚ & LEH > 835mm

29

INF GR / PS / 70

IHRA/Japan 1 BOX Corridor KOREA 1 BOX Corridor

ClassificationKorea IHRA/Japan

Lower Upper Lower Upper

BL(mm) 166 189 188 188

BCH(mm) 521 601 448 704

LEH(mm) 970 989 864 1144

Bon. Length(mm)

521 129 361 157

Bon. Angle(˚) 28 47 40 40

Win. Angle(˚) 32 43 30 46

Comparison of 1 BOX CorridorComparison of 1 BOX CorridorComparison of 1 BOX CorridorComparison of 1 BOX Corridor IHRA/Japan Definition

1 Box: Bonnet Angle > 30˚

5-4. Vehicle Classification (1Box)

30

INF GR / PS / 70

Vehicle Class 1. Current Vehicle Class: 1.5 Box

2. IHRA Vehicle Class: SUV

Counter-measure Method LS-Dyna Simulation:

FE Headform : ACEA Child / EEVC Adult

Child: Impact Angle: 60°(SUV), 25°(1 Box)

Adult: Impact Angle: 90°(SUV), 50°(1 Box)

Impact Speed: 32km/h

HIC Child: SUV(1082), 1 Box(487)

Adult: SUV(756.6), 1 Box(538.9)

HIC is influenced significantly by impact angles

5-5. Counter-measure of Vehicle Classfor 1.5 Box Type Vehicle (Bonnet Angle <30)

31

INF GR / PS / 70

6. Pedestrian Kinematics Simulations

Reconstructing Real AccidentsReconstructing Real Accidents

Classify Pedestrian Walking Types Classify Pedestrian Walking Types

Classify Head SpeedsClassify Head Speeds

Classify WAD ContoursClassify WAD Contours

Classify Head Rotation Angles Classify Head Rotation Angles

PurposePurposePurposePurpose

32

INF GR / PS / 70

Child Headform 2.5kg with 32/35/40km/h

7. Injury Assessment in Test Methods

Injury VariationsInjury Variations

Test Tolerance AnalysisTest Tolerance Analysis

Accuracy of Test MethodsAccuracy of Test Methods

Targeting Point ClearanceTargeting Point Clearance

PurposePurposePurposePurpose

33

INF GR / PS / 70

FE Child Headform 2.5kg/3.5kg & 32/35/40km/h

8. Injury Assessment by Simulations

Injury VariationsInjury Variations

Test Tolerance AnalysisTest Tolerance Analysis

Effects of Angular VelocityEffects of Angular Velocity

Feasibility StudyFeasibility Study

PurposePurposePurposePurpose

34

INF GR / PS / 70

9. Feasibility Study by H-Model

MADYMO: Overall Pedestrian Responses H-Model Simulation: Detailed Injury Mechanism

(Full Human Model)

- Rotation & Flexion of Neck

- Angular Rotation of Head

- Head Impact Speed

- WAD Contours

PurposePurpose

35

INF GR / PS / 70

Components - Control Units (H/W & S/W) - Impact Mechanism - Data Acq. & Processing - Main Frame - Headforms & Legforms

Specifications - Develop each Module - Module Integrations

10. Development Test Equipment

36

INF GR / PS / 70

III. Harmonization Activities

37

INF GR / PS / 70

1. Cooperation & Participation

Expect to Share & Cooperate with GRSP/IHRA

• Strengthen MOCT(Korea) International Activities

• Exchanges Government based Information

- Participate Worldwide P/S Expert Regular Meetings

• Statistical & Technical Information in Vehicle Safety Fields

Participations

• UNECE/WP29 GRSP Meetings

• UNECE/WP29 GRSP - P/S Informal Group Meeting

• Join in 1958 Agreements in the near future

• Possibly Joining ESV/IHRA Member

38

INF GR / PS / 702. Organization of Korean Expert Groupfor Pedestrian Research

MOCT Professors Researchers KAMA Makers

MOCT Professors Researchers KAMA Makers

Car MakersKAMA

ResearchersWP29/GRSP T/F

(Korean Delegates)

Car MakersKAMA

ResearchersWP29/GRSP T/F

(Korean Delegates)

Advisory

Committee

Advisory

CommitteeTechnical

Committee

Technical

Committee

Int.l

Activities

Int.l

Activities

Thank You !

Younghan Youn, Ph.D

Professor

GRSP Informal Korea Delegate

Korea University of Technology & Education

E-mail : yhyoun@kut.ac.kr

82-41-428-4410

Jae Wan Lee, Ph.D

Senior Researcher

GRSP Korea Delegate

Office of Safety Research

KATRI

E-mail : jwlee@kotsa.or.kr

82-32-357-6709