Curriculum: Homophobia and the Social Construction of Gender

7/23/2019 Curriculum: Homophobia and the Social Construction of Gender

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

]KEFH IB CIA]HA]S

Wknh

Hmxck}ìakf Wl`fisiwlp =*8

Wxuwish ib Cxuu`cxfxj 8

]kunh} Wiwxfk}ìa 2

Sh}}àn 2*>

Biujk} >

Axjehu ib Wku}`c`wka}s >

Shk}àn Kuukanhjha} >

@a}uimxc}ìa *=0

Uhbhuhachs 87*8=

Kwwham`| K? Skjwfh Nuixam Uxfhs 88*82

Kwwham`| E? Sh| rs! Nhamhu H|huc`sh 8>

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3/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| C? ]hujs kam Mhbà`}ìas H|huc`sh 87

Kwwham`| H? Li~ Mi PIX Bhhf Keix} Lijish|xkf`}p9 22*2>

Kwwham`| B? Jp}ls kam Uhkf`}`hs Keix} Lijish|xkf`}p 27*>;

Kwwham`| L? F`dhf`liim ]lk} Whusia `ff Nh} W`cdhm Ia >5

Kwwham`| @? Bkc}s kam Jp}ls Keix} Ka}`*Lijiwlie`k Hmxck}ìa >3*>=

Kwwham`| O? Cixush Hrkfxk}ìa Biuj >8*>>

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4/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Hmxck}ìakf Wl`fisiwlp

]l`s hmxck}ìakf cxuu`cxfxj `s ekshm ia k bixamk}ìa ib wuinuhss`rh `mhifinp! ]lh

àbiujk}ìa kam fhssias wuhsha}hm }luixnlix}& uhwuhsha} jimhua& sc`ha}`b`c kam wuknjk}`c

kwwuikclhs }i mhkfàn ~`}l lijiwlie`k kam lh}huish|`s} nhamhu `mhifin`hs ,Shkus& ;005)!

@} `s }lh kx}lius wis`}ìa }lk} sic`kf wuiefhjs& f`dh lijiwlie`k kam sh|`sj& cka ehs} eh

kmmuhsshm }luixnl hmxck}ìakf à}hurha}ìas ekshm ia sixam uhksiaàn kam xae`kshm

fin`c! Ep kmmuhssàn }lh `ssxhs ib lijiwlie`k kam sic`kffp cias}uxc}hm nhamhu `mhifin`hs

}luixnl k wuinuhss`rh fhas& }l`s wspcli*sic`kf hmxck}ìakf à}hurha}ìa k`js }i bis}hu

cu`}`ckf kakfps`s ib sh|`s} `mhifin`hs& }lhuhep ~iudàn }i cijek} sh|`sj kam lijiwlie`c

rìfhach!

Ehàn }lk} s}xmha}s fhkua à k rku`h}p ib ~kps& }l`s cxuu`cxfxj àciuwiuk}hs jkap m`bbhuha}

}hkclàn jh}lims! Ks sxnnhs}hm ep S`fehujka ,;00


5/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

cu`}`ckf }làdàn sd`ffs a s}xmha}s! @a jp iwàìa }lh ehs} s}xmha}s kuh }lish ~li {xhs}ìa

hrhup}làn wuhsha}hm }i }lhj! @a iumhu }i }uxfp& kam hbbhc}`rhfp hmxck}h& }hkclhus ahhm }i

ai} iafp às}`ff bkc}xkf dai~fhmnh& ex} hanhamhu kbbhc}`rh uhkf`zk}ìas ks ~hff! ]l`s

hmxck}ìakf cxuu`cxfxj `s jhka} }i cuhk}h fks}àn clkanhs à }lh ~kp wku}`c`wka}s

xamhus}kam }lh ~iufm kuixam }lhj& ks ~hff ks }i wuir`mh `jwiu}ka} bkc}xkf àbiujk}ìa

keix} lijiwlie`k kam }lh sic`kf cias}uxc}ìa ib s}huhi}pw`ckf nhamhu uifhs! Ks k

wuinuhss`rh hmxck}iu& `} `s jp ehf`hb }lk} ka hmxck}ius mx}p `s ai} iafp }i wuhsha} }lh

bkc}s& ex} }i hanhamhu wis`}`rh clkanh ~`}là }lish }lhp }hkcl! @a }lh cksh ib }l s

hmxck}ìakf cxuu`cxfxj& `} `s jp liwh }lk} }lh clkanhs à cina`}`rh kam kbbhc}`rh

xamhus}kamàn ib s}xmha}s ~`ff fhkm }i wis`}`rh sic`kf clkanh& ~`}l uhnkum }i }lh

mhrks}k}àn kbbhc}s ib lijiwlie`k kam sh|`s} nhamhu `mhifin`hs!

Wxuwish? ]l`s cxuu`cxfxj lks ehha mhs`nahm ks k ~kp }i bkc`f`}k}h cu`}`ckf }làdàn keix}

nhamhu ks k sic`kf cias}uxc} ,Eiuas}hà& ;0084 Bhàehun& ;00


6/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

slixfm eh xshm ~`}l wiwxfk}ìas kefh }i cijwuhlham ciachw}s sxcl ks& nhamhu ks k sic`kf

cias}uxc}ìa! K uhcijjhamhm knh*ukanh ~ixfm eh ;= }i hkufp 57s! @mhkffp& }l`s

cxuu`cxfxj slixfm eh xshm ~`}l l`nl scliif s}xmha}s kam bùs} }i shciam phku ciffhnh

s}xmha}s! Jis} kmifhscha}s& ep }lhù fks} phkus ib l`nl scliif lkrh mhrhfiwhm nuhk}

à}huhs} à sh|xkf }iw`cs kam kc}`r`}`hs ,Euxhss " Nuhhaehun& 577=)! @a }l`s knh nuixw&

}iw`cs sxcl ks lijish|xkf`}p& lijiwlie`k kam nhamhu `mhifin`hs kuh mhrhfiwjha}kffp

kwwuiwu`k}h ,Sh|xkf`}p @abiujk}ìa kam Hmxck}ìa Cixac`f ib }lh XS& 5772)!

^`}l uhnkum }i ciffhnh knhm wiwxfk}ìas& Euxhss kam Nuhhaehun ,577=) s}k}h }lk}& sijh

whiwfh kuh sxuwu`shm }lk} sh|xkf`}p hmxck}ìa `s s}`ff ahhmhm k} }lh ciffhnh fhrhf& ex}

s}xmha} `naiukach `s ~`mhswuhkm! Biu}xak}hfp& sàch às}`}x}ìas ib l`nlhu hmxck}ìa kuh

uhfk}`rhfp buhh buij lkukssjha} buij ka}`*sh|xkf`}p hmxck}ìa biuchs& }lhp cka kwwuikcl

sh|xkf`}p hmxck}ìa ~`}l liahs}p kam }liuixnlahss! ^`}l ciffhnh knhm s}xmha}s& } `s

`jwiu}ka} biu }lh hmxck}iu }i ai} iafp n`rh àbiujk}ìa keix} sh|xkf`}p& ex} }i lhfw }lhj

à}hnuk}h sh|xkf`}p `ssxhs à}i }lhù i~a f`rhs ks ~hff ,`!h!& jkdh }lh jk}hu`kf whusiakffp

uhfhrka})! Li~hrhu& }lh fhssias lhuhà ~ixfm eh sx`}kefh biu kap i}lhu kmxf} wiwxfk}ìa&

iu hrha biu pixanhu s}xmha}s arifrhm à n`b}hm scliif*ekshm wuinukjs! ]lh uk}ìakfh

biu }l`s `s }lk} h|wfiuàn nhamhu ks k sic`kf cias}uxc}& kam uhfk}àn nhamhu `mhifin`hs }i

lijiwlie`ks x}`f`}ku`ka hbbhc}`rhahss& uh{xùhs k siwl`s}`ck}hm fhrhf ib kes}ukc} }làdàn!

Sh}}àn? ]l`s cxuu`cxfxj cka eh xsh à k rku`h}p ib hmxck}ìa sh}}àns& àcfxmàn l`nl

scliif kam ciffhnh cfkssuiijs! ]lh fhssias cixfm kfsi eh x} f`zhm shwkuk}hfp& à nuixw

}lhukwpsxwwiu} harùiajha}s& ~iudwfkch }ukààns& kam kb}hu scliif }hha wuinukjs }i

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

akjh k bh~! Li~hrhu& }lh wlps`ckf harùiajha} jxs} eh ciamxc`rh }i jirhjha} kam

nuixw ~iud! K fhc}xuh lkff ~`}l `jjirkefh shk}s ~ixfm ai} eh `mhkf!

Biujk}? ]l`s cxuu`cxfxj `s mhs`nahm }i eh ciamxc}hm ~`}là b`rh 07*jàx}h shssìas!

Axjehu ib Wku}`c`wka}s? ;8*58

Uk}ìakfh biu axjehu ib wku}`c`wka}s?

]lh fhssias à }l`s cxuu`cxfxj uh{xùh k nuhk} mhkf ib slkuàn kam nuixw ~iud& si lkràn k

fkunh cfkss ,irhu 37) cixfm eh xamhsùkefh! Lkràn k cfkss& }lk} `s }ii fkunh& jkp

à}`j`mk}h sijh s}xmha}s buij slkuànwku}`c`wk}àn! @a kmm`}ìa& }l`s mhsùhm axjehu ib

wku}`c`wka}s bkffs à }lh ukanh ib }lh krhuknh l`nl scliif cfkssuiij s`zh ,]lh Lhu`}knh

Bixamk}ìa& 577


8/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Uk}ìakfh biu shk}àn kuukanhjha}?

]lh rù}xh ib }lh X*slkwhm fkpix} `s }lk} wku}`c`wka}s cka shh hkcl i}lhu

~l`fh k }ukm`}ìakf }hkclhu*à*buia} wuhsha}k}ìa `s niàn ia! ^lhahrhu }lh

}ukàhu ~ka}s }i euhkd à}i bxff nuixw m`scxssìa& wku}`c`wka}s cka à}hukc}

bkch }i bkch ~`}lix} lkràn }i jirh! ]lh kuukanhjha} `s kfsi ciarha`ha}

biu lkamàn ix} jk}hu`kfs ks }lh ahhm ku`shs4 }lh }ukàhu s`jwfp jirhs à}i

}lh X kam n`rhs k s}kcd ib lkamix}s }i wku}`c`wka}s k} hkcl s`mh ib }lh

liushslih! @b }lh uiij `s fkunh haixnl& wku}`c`wka}s cka wxff k~kp buij }lh

}kefhs kam biuj sjkff nuixws ,S`fehujka& ;00


9/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

lks hrifrhm }i àcfxmh kff ib }lh ahnk}`rh bhhfàns kam k}}`}xmhs }lk} whiwfh lkrh keix}

ehàn nkp iu e`sh|xkf ,Spjkasd` " Ckuu& 577


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14/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

bhhfàns ,Lhmnhwh}l " Lhfj`cl& ;002)! ]l`s skjh uk}ìakfh biu oixuakfàn kwwf`hs biu }lh

mxuk}ìa ib }lh cxuu`cxfxj!

Kc}`r`}p ;? Eìfin`ckf Sh| rs! Nhamhu Biuchm Cli`ch ,57 jàx}hs)

S}xmha}s ~`ff eh às}uxc}hm }i ai}`ch }luhh slhh}s ib wkwhu k} rkuìxs fick}ìas à }lh uiij!

Iah ~`ff eh fkehfhm Nhah}`c Sh|& kai}lhu Kak}ij`ckf Sh|& kam }lh fks}& Nhamhu!

]lh wku}`c`wka}s ~`ff eh uhkm }hujs kamiu mhscu`w}`rh s}k}hjha}s& biu ~l`cl }lhp ~`ff

jirh }i }lh s`mh ib }lh uiij ~lhuh }lhp bhhf }lh }huj iu s}k}hjha} jk}clhs! Biu

h|kjwfh& `b }lh às}uxc}iu skps }hs}`cfhs& }lhp cka jirh }i }lh Kak}ij`ckf Sh| iu

Nhamhu s`mh ib }lh uiij! S}xmha}s ~`ff kfsi eh n`rha }lh iw}ìa }i s}kam à }lh j`mmfh

`b }lhp kuh ai} sxuh! Nuixws ~`ff eh às}uxc}hm }i }kfd kjian }lhjshfrhs keix} ~lk} fhm

}lhj }i }lk} kuhk! Nuixws ~`ff }lha eh ksdhm }i slkuh ~`}l }lh i}lhu nuixws ,`b kap) ks }i

~lp }lhp clish }lk} s`mh }i s}kam ia! ]lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff }lha cijjxa`ck}h }lh ciuuhc}

kas~hu }i }lh s}xmha}s& `b kwwf`ckefh! ,Kwwham`| E : F`s} ib }hujs kam s}k}hjha}s)!

]iw`cs ib m`scxssìa ~`ff àcfxmh ,ex} ai} f`j`}hm }i)?

;! Li~ cijjia& à ixu sic`h}p& `} s biu whiwfh }i kssxjh }lk} nhamhu kam

sh| kuh cijwfh}hfp uhfk}hm9

5! Mihs kapiah }làd }lk} iahs nhamhu ehlkrìu `s kesifx}hfp m`c}k}hm ep

iahs nhah}`c iu kak}ij`ckf sh|9 ^lp iu ~lp ai}9

Euhkd ,;8 jàx}hs)

Kc}`r`}p 5? Nhamhu*Uhfk}hm ]hujàifinp Uhr`h~ ,58 jàx}hs)

S}xmha}s ~`ff eh ksdhm }i cixa} ibb buij ;*= kam }lha eh m`r`mhm à}i bixu nuixws ekshm

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

ia }lhù kss`nahm axjehu! Hkcl nuixw ~`ff eh lkamhm ciw`hs ib k ~iudslhh} ~`}l }hujs ia

iah s`mh kam mhbà`}ìas ia }lh i}lhu ,Kwwham`| C)! Ks k nuixw& }lhp ~`ff eh às}uxc}hm }i

cijwfh}h }lh ~iudslhh}s ~`}lix} uhbhuuàn }i eiids iu cijwx}hus!

K} }lh buia} ib }lh cfkss& wuhbhukefp ia k clkfd eikum iu mup*huksh eikum& ~`ff eh }~i

slhh}s ib ex}clhu eficd wkwhu }kwhm }i }lh sxubkch! ]lhuh ~`ff eh swkch à eh}~hha }lh

slhh}s }i eh xshm biu muk~àn fàhs buij }lh }hujs }i }lh mhbà`} ias! Iah k} k }`jh& }lh

nuixws ~`ff eh ksdhm }i sham iah ib }lhù jhjehus }i }lh eikum }i muk~ k fàh buij }lh

}huj }i }lh mhbà`}ìa! ]lh nuixws ~`ff eh hacixuknhm }i sham k m`bbhuha} nuixw jhjehu

xw hkcl }`jh!

J`skf`najha} ib }hujs }i mhbà`}ìas ~`ff eh ciuuhc}hm ia }lh swi} }luixnl nuixw

ciashasxs ,`!h!& }lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff ksd }lh cfkss ~lk} }lhp }làd }lh ciuuhc} mhbà`}ìa `s)&

iu }luixnl às}uxc}iu à}hurha}ìa `b }lh nuixw ciashasxs `s ~uian! Iach }lh kc}`r`}p `s

cijwfh}h& cfkss m`scxssìa ~`ff eh uh{xùhm! S}xmha}s ~`ff }lha eh ksdhm }i uh}xua }i }lhù

shk}s!


;! ^ks hrhupiah bkj`f`ku ~`}l kff }lh }hujs ~h oxs} mhb ahm9 @b ai}& ~l`cl iahs ~huh

ah~ }i pix9

5! Kuh }lhuh kap i}lhu }hujs uhfk}àn }i nhamhu }lk} whiwfh lkrh lhkum& ex} kuh ai}

sxuh h|kc}fp ~lk} }lhp jhka9

Uk}ìakfh?

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16/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

K niim mhkf ib }`jh `s swha} mxuàn }lh ehnàaàn ib }l`s cfkss à hs}kef`slàn nuixam

uxfhs kam wuhwkuàn }lh s}xmha}s biu }lh jk}hu`kf }i eh wuhsha}hm! ]l`s `s `jwiu}ka} ai}

iafp biu ex`fmàn ukwwiu} ,S`fehujka& ;00)!

Biu lh}huish|xkf s}xmha}s kam ciashurk}`rh uhf`nìxs s}xmha}s& kmmuhssàn lijiwlie`k

jkp clkffhanh }lhù whusiakf kam uhf nìxs ehf`hbs! Sxcl s}xmha}s jkp bhhf }lk} }lhù

`mhifin`hs kuh ehàn k}}kcdhm& kam jkp uhkc} à mhbhas`rh ~kps& iu }luixnl

m`shanknhjha} ,Cijs}icd& ;00;)! @} `s `jwiu}ka} biu }lh hmxck}iu }i iach knkà

hjwlks`zh }lk} }lh fhssias à }l`s cxuu`cxfxj kuh ai} jhka} }i wuirh kapiah u`nl} iu

~uian& ex} }i hacixuknh cu`}`ckf }làdàn keix} k }iw`c }lk} lks ehha uhfk}`rhfp `naiuhm à

}lh cfkss*uiij harùiajha}! Ks jha}ìahm hkuf`hu& hacixuknàn s}xmha}s }i biujxfk}h

}lhù i~a nuixam uxfhs biu }lh cfkss jkp ai} iafp ex`fm s}xmha}s hanknhjha}& ex} kfsi k

shash ib i~ahusl`w à }lh nuixw wuichss ,Lhmnhwh}l " Lhfj`cl& ;002)!

Kc}`r`}p #; `s k ~kuj xw h|huc`sh k`jhm k} nh}}àn }lh cfkss xshm }i xsàn sh|xkf`}p*

uhfk}hm }hujs& ks ~hff ks nh}}àn }lhj kc}`rhfp hanknhm }luixnl jirhjha} kam cfkss

m`scxssìa! @} `s f`dhfp }lk} }lhp ~`ff lkrh sijh dai~fhmnh keix} }lh m`bbhuhachs eh}~hha

nhah}`c sh|& kak}ij`ckf sh| kam nhamhu& li~hrhu& }l`s h|huc`sh ~`ff hasxuh }lk} }lhp lkrh

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17/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

}lh eks`c dai~fhmnh ahhmhm }i kmmuhss }lh jk}hu`kf wuhsha}hm }luixnlix} }lh uhjkàmhu

ib }lh cfkss! Kf}lixnl }l`s `s k biuchm*cli`ch kc}`r`}p& n`ràn }lh s}xmha}s }lh iw}ìa }i

s}kam à }lh j`mmfh `b ai} sxuh& iu hrha }i iw} ix} `b bhhfàn }ii xacijbiu}kefh& jkp lhfw

}i cuhk}h k skbhu cfkssuiij harùiajha} ,Lhmnhwh}l " Lhfj`cl& ;002)!

Kc}`r`}p #5 àrifrhs }lh }hcla`{xh ib }làd*s{xkuh*slkuh! ]l`s nuixwànwhhu*

hmxck}ìa }hcla`{xh `s xshm }luixnlix} }l`s cxuu`cxfxj! Xsàn }l`s }hcla`{xh& s}xmha}s kuh

ksdhm }i nh} à}i fhkuaàn nuixws kam kas~hu }hkclhu*à`}`k}hm {xhs}ìas! @a }l`s ~kp&

uhswiashs kuh hf`c`}hm buij hrhupiah à cfkss& ~l`fh k} }lh skjh }`jh wuiji}àn

àrifrhjha} kam kc}`rh fhkuaàn ,Hnnha " Dkxclkd& 5772)! ]l`s kc}`r`}p ex`fms xwia }lh

eks`c mhbà`}ìas h|wfiuhm à Kc}`r`}p #;! Iach knkà& }l`s kc}`r`}p ai} iafp }hkclhs

rickexfkup kam ciachw}s `jwiu}ka} }i }lh uhjkààn cxuu`cxfxj& ex} kfsi hanknhs

s}xmha}s ep lkràn }lhj ~iud }inh}lhu à k shj`*cijwh}`}`rh kc}`r`}p! Ep kffi~àn

s}xmha}s }i ciuuhc} ~uian*kas~hus ks }lhp kuh wuhsha}hm& }l`s kc}`r`}p wuiji}hs nuixw

àrifrhjha} kam k shash ib i~ahusl`w à }lh wuichss xamhu~kp!

Ciacfxsìa?

]lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff }lkad }lh cfkss biu }lhù wku}`c`wk}ìa! Cfkss jhjehus ~`ff }lha eh

ksdhm }i lkam à }lhù akjh}kns kam eh uhjàmhm keix} }lhù oixuakf kss`najha}! ]lh

às}uxc}iu ~`ff kfsi àbiuj }lh s}xmha}s ib l`slhu krk`fke`f`}p }i jhh} kb}hu cfkss& à cksh

kapiah ahhms }i }kfd& uhch`rh àbiujk}ìa keix} cixashfàn shur`chs& iu nk}lhu

hmxck}ìakf uhsixuchs uhfk}hm }i cfkss }iw`cs! S}xmha}s ~`ff }lha eh uhjàmhm ib }lh

nuixam uxfh uhnkumàn h|cxsàn iahshfb buij }lh uiij ~lha ahhmhm ,`!h!& mxh }i }lh

shas`}`rh sxeohc} jk}}hu }i eh cirhuhm& kap}`jh }lk} }lhp bhhf irhu~lhfjhm& }lhp lkrh

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20/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff eh ksdhm }i cixa} ibb buij ;*=& kam }lha nk}lhu à}i }lhù kss`nahm

nuixws ,`!h!& ;s ~`}l ;s& 5s ~`}l 5s kam si ia)! Hkcl nuixw ~`ff eh n`rha ;7 àmh| ckums

,8 efxh8 wàd) iu w`hchs ib wkwhu& kam jkudhus! ]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff eh ksdhm }lh biffi~àn

{xhs}ìas? ;) Kcciumàn }i sic`h}kf s}kamkums ,ks uhwuhsha}hm à rkuìxs biujs ib jhm`k)&

~lk} kuh sijh ib }lh clkukc}hu`s}`cs }pw`ckffp kssic`k}hm ~`}l ehàn k uhkf jka9 5)

Kcciumàn }i sic`h}kf s}kamkums ,ks uhwuhsha}hm à rkuìxs biujs ib jhm`k)& ~lk} kuh

sijh ib }lh clkukc}hu`s}`cs }pw`ckffp kssic`k}hm ~`}l ehàn }lh `mhkf ~ijka9

Iach }lh s}xmha}s lkrh cijwfh}hm b`ffàn ix} }lhù àmh| ckums& }lhp ~`ff mùhc}hm }i

ai}`ch }lh }~i s{xkuhsex}clhu eficd slhh}s k} }lh buia} ib }lh uiij! Keirh }lh

s{xkuhswis}hu eikums& ~`ff eh }lh }`}fhs @mhkfUhkf Jka kam @mhkfUhkf îjka! ]lh

nuixws ~`ff eh às}uxc}hm }i ~kfd xw }i }lh eikum kam }kwh }lhù àmh| ckums xamhu }lh

kss`nahm ei|hs& kam }lha uh}xua }i }lhù nuixws! ]lh clkukc}hu`s}`cs ~`ff eh uhkm kfixm

ep }lh às}uxc}iu& biffi~hm ep k cfkss m`scxssìa uhnkumàn ~lk} }lh nuixws ckjh xw ~`}l!


;! ^lhuh mi pix }làd sxcl clkukc}hu`s}`cs ib `mhkf jha kam ~ijha cijh buij9

5! îxfm kapiah f`dh }i slkuh k uhcha} h|kjwfh ib ~lha }lhp ~ }ahsshm iah ib }lhsh

`mhkf`zhm clkukc}hu`s}`cs ehàn habiuchm ,iu uhàbiuchm)9

]lh nuixws ~`ff }lha eh às}uxc}hm }i }làd ib }lh fkehfs n`rha }i jha kam ~ijha ~li mi

ai} b`} ~`}là }l`s akuui~fp mhbàhm nhamhu ei|! Hkcl nuixw ~`ff eh n`rha 8 wàd kam 8

efxh àmh| ckums ,iu w`hchs ib wkwhu)& kam às}uxc}hm }i ~u }h iah fkehf whu ckum! Iach

}lhp kuh bà`slhm& }lh nuixw jhjehus ~`ff eh ksdhm }i ~kfd xw }i }lh eikum kam kbb`|

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21/79


22/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

~`ff eh slxbbfhm kam }lha uhm`s}uèx}hm }i }lh cfkss! @b sijhiah nh}s }lhù i~a ckum ekcd&

}lhp slixfm ai} kcdai~fhmnh `}! ]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff }lha ehnà }i uhkm hkcl ckum ix} fixm

}i }lh cfkss& iah ep iah! Kb}hu }lh fks} ckum lks ehha uhkm& }lh cfkss ~`ff eh hacixuknhm }i

m`scxss ~lk} }lhjhs }lhp ai}`chm& kam li~ `} bhf} }i uhkm kam f`s}ha }i kff ib }lh kccixa}s

ib nhamhu habiuchjha}!

]iw`cs ib m`scxssìa ~ixfm àcfxmh ,ex} ai} f`j`}hm }i)?

;! Uhbhuu an }i }lh efxh kam wàd àmh| ckums xshm& li~ jxcl mi whiwfh shh cifiu ks

k nhamhu`zàn knha} à sic`h}p9 ^lk} mi pix ai}`ch kap }`jh pix ha}hu k }ip

s}iuh9 ^lk} keix} mxuàn ekep sli~hus iu à mhf`rhup uiijs9

5! Lks kapiah lhuh hrhu clkffhanhm kapiah ia nhamhu uifh wuinukjjàn9 ^lk}

uhkc}ìas m`m }lhp nh}9

Uk}ìakfh?

Ep s}ku}àn hkcl cfkss ~`}l k sliu} clhcd*à& s}xmha}s kuh n`rha k clkach }i }kfd keix}

}lhù `ssxhs kamiu ka|`h} hs ~`}l }lh }iw`c m`scxsshm! Ai} iafp mihs }l`s àbiuj }lh

hmxck}iu keix} }lh irhukff bhhf ib }lh nuixw& `} mhjias}uk}hs }i }lh s}xmha}s }lk} }lh

hmxck}iu ckuhs keix} li~ }lh jk}hu`kf wuhsha}hm jkp `jwkc} }lhj! Iach knkà& }lh

s}xmha}s slixfm eh hacixuknhm }i }kfd ~`}l }lh às}uxc}iu kb}hu cfkss `b }lhp bhhf }lh ahhm!

Kc}`r`}p #; `s jhka} }i sli~cksh }lh ~kps à ~l`cl ixu sic`h}p wiu}ukps nhamhu uifh

`mhifin`hs! @} kfsi mhjias}uk}hs li~ whiwfh kuh wxa`slhm `b }lhp mkuh }i ehlkrh iu }làd

ix}s`mh ib }lh ei|! ]l`s kc}`r`}p lhfws s}xmha}s xamhus}kam li~ jhm`k kam cxf}xuh

àbfxhachs }lh ~kp }lhp bhhf keix} jkscxfà`}p kam bhjàà`}p& }kdàn sijh ib }lh efkjh

ibb ib }lhjshfrhs uhnkumàn sh|`sj kam lijiwlie`k! ]l`s kc}`r`}p jkp lhfw mhcuhksh

55


23/79


24/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Uk}ìakfh?

Ep ibbhuàn iahs }`jh }i wuichss }lh cfkss kam wuir`mh xshbxf uhsixuchs biu }lh s}xmha}s&

}lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff eh ~iudàn }i cuhk}h k skbhu swkch biu s}xmha}s }i fhkua kam slkuh!

Dai~àn }lk} }lh }iw`c ib lijiwlie`k kam nhamhu kuh shas`}`rh }i jkap whiwfh& }lh

às}uxc}iu slixfm mi hrhup}làn à }lhù wi~hu }i kssxknh s}xmha}s ka|`h}`hs ep wuir`màn

ks jxcl ix}*ib*cfkss sxwwiu} ks wissèfh!

Fhssia #3? H|wfiuàn Lijiwlie`k kam Lh}huish|`sj ,07 jàx}hs)

Nikfs?

* S}xmha}s ~`ff h|wfiuh lh}huish|`sj kam `}s uhfk}ìa }i lijiwlie`k!

* @acuhksh s}xmha}s k~kuhahss ib }lh rkuìxs }lhiu`hs uhnkumàn }lh nhahs`s ib

lijiwlie`k ~`}là }lh àm`r`mxkfsic`h}p!

* S}xmha}s ~`ff cijh }i uhcina`zh }lh bxac}ìa,s) ib lijiwlie`k ~`}l uhnkum }i

jkà}kààn wk}u`kuclkf wi~hu s}uxc}xuhs!

Ieohc}`rhs?

* S}xmha}s ~`ff eh kefh }i f`s} h|kjwfhs ib lh}huish|`sj kam lijiwlie`k }lk} }lhp

whusiakffp h|whu`hachm!

* S}xmha}s ~`ff m`scxss }lhù r`h~s uhnkumàn }lh rkuìxs uhshkucl bàmàns

uhnkumàn lijiwlie`k kam `}s uhfk}ìasl`w ~`}l nhamhu uifhs`mhifin`hs!

Jk}hu`kfs

Akjh}kn AhcdfkchsJxf}`*Jhm`k Wuiohc}ìa H{x`wjha} " Cijwx}hu

Wis}hu Eikums iu Bf`w Clku}s ,`b ai jxf}`*jhm`k h{x`wjha} `s krk`fkefh)

Scukw wkwhuFkunh @amh| CkumsJkudhus

Fhssia Wfka

^hfcijh EkcdClhcd*@a ,8*;7 jàx}hs)

]lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff ehnà }lh cfkss ep ~hfcijàn hrhupiah ekcd& kam às}uxc}àn }lhj }i

5=


25/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

uh}u`hrh }lhù akjh}kns buij }lh buia} mhsd! ]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff b us} eh ksdhm li~ }lhp kuh

kff miàn si bku! ]lh às}uxc}iu slixfm hacixuknh m`scxssìa keix} rkuìxs bhhfàns }lh

s}xmha}s kuh lkràn uhnkumàn }lhù h|whu`hach,s)! ]lhp ~`ff }lha eh ksdhm ~lk} }lhp

uhjhjehu fhkuaàn buij }lh wuhrìxs cfkss& biffi~hm ep k {x`cd uhr`h~ wuir`mhm ep }lh

às}uxc}iu! Kap {xhs}ìas iu ciachuas uhnkumàn }lh cfkss }lxs bku ~`ff eh kmmuhsshm kam

m`scxsshm!

Uk}ìakfh?

]kfdàn keix} lijiwlie`k& sh|`sj& kam nhamhu `mhifin`hs cka euàn xw k rku`h}p ib

hji}ìakf uhswiashs à whiwfh! Ep ehnàaàn }lh cfkss ~`}l ka iwwiu}xa`}p }i m`scxss

sxcl bhhfàns& kmmuhsshs }lh shas`}`rh ak}xuh ib }l`s cxuu`cxfxj& ~l`fh lhfwàn }i cuhk}h

kam jkà}kà k skbh harùiajha} à ~l`cl }i slkuh kam fhkua!

Kc}`r`}p #;? Kakfpzàn Lijiwlie`k kam Lh}huish|`sj ,37 jàx}hs)

Xsàn k Wi~hu Wià} wuhsha}k}ìa iu wis}hu eikumsbf`w clku}s& }lh bkc`f`}k}iu ~`ff wuhsha}

}hujs kam mhbà`}ìas uhfk}àn }i sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa kam nhamhu `mha}`b`ck}ìa ,Kwwham`|

M)! ]i nh} s}xmha}s jiuh hanknhm& `} s sxnnhs}hm }lk} }lh bkc`f }k}iu ckff ia s}xmha}s }i

uhkm kfixm }lh }hujs kam mhbà`} ias wuhsha}hm! Kb}hu kff ib }lh }hujs kuh cirhuhm& }lh

cfkss ~`ff eh ksdhm `b }lhuh kuh kap }hujs& keix} ~l`cl }lhp ahhm bxu}lhu cfku`b`ck}ìa!

Cfkss m`scxssìa uhnkumàn }lh }hujs ~`ff eh hacixuknhm! ]lh bkc`f`}k}iu ~`ff }lha mùhc}

}lh cfksss bicxs ia }lh }hujs lijiwlie`k kam lh}huish|`sj& kam lkrh }lhj s`} kam

}làd keix} li~ }lhp kuh uhfk}hm ,; jàx}h ib s`fha} }làdàn)!

Ah|}& }lh s}xmha}s ~`ff eh ksdhm }i }kdh ix} scukw wkwhu kam ~u`}àn `jwfhjha}s! ]lhp

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26/79


27/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

lijiwlie`k kamiu lh}huish|`sj9 @b si& à ~lk} ~kp9

3! ^lk} uhfk}ìasl`w m`m }lh uhshkucl sxnnhs} eh}~hha nhamhu uifhs mhifin`hs kam

lijiwlie`k9

Lijh~iud Kss`najha} #;? û`}h k Cijàn Ix} Fh}}hu ,8 jàx}hs }i h|wfkà)

Lijh~iud Kss`najha} #5? Oixuakf keix} }lh wuichss ib ~u`}àn k cijàn ix}

fh}}hu& kam ~lk} bhhfàns hjhunhm ~l`fh ~u`}àn!

Biu }lh bùs} lijh~iud kss`najha}& s}xmha}s ~`ff eh ksdhm }i ~u`}h k lpwi}lh}`ckf fh}}hu }i

sijhiah }lhp ckuh keix} rhup jxcl! ]l`s fh}}hu `s ai} }i eh lkamhm*à iu jk`fhm ix}&

li~hrhu }lh s}xmha}s ~`ff eh ksdhm }i euàn à }lhù fh}}hus biu r`sxkf rhu`b`ck}ìa à iumhu

}i uhch`rh cfkss wku}`c`wk}ìa cuhm`}! @a }l`s fh}}hu& }lh s}xmha}s ~`ff eh às}uxc}hm }i cijh

ix} ks nkp& fhse`ka& iu e`sh|xkf! Nkp& fhse`ka kam e`sh|xkf s}xmha}s ~`ff eh às}uxc}hm }i

~u`}h keix} cijàn ix} ks ehàn e`sh|xkf iu lh}huish|xkf }i sijhiah cfish }i }lhj à

}lhù cxuuha} bkj`fpsic`kf cùcfh! ]lh wià} ib }l`s kss`najha} `s }i cijh ix} ks sijh

sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa m`bbhuha} }lka }lh iah cxuuha}fp `mha}`b`hm ~`}l!

]lh hmxck}iu ~`ff kmr`sh s}xmha}s }i }làd keix} }lh biffi~àn {xhs}ìas ehbiuh }lhp

~u`}h? ^lk} mi pix bhhf keix} }lh kss`najha}& kam ~lp m`m pix cliish }lh whusia pix

m`m }i cijh ix} }i9 Li~ mihs lijiwlie`k kam lh}huish|`sj wfkp k uifh à pixu

uhkc}ìas }i }lh fh}}hu kam }i pixu `jknàhm uhkc}ìas }i }lh fh}}hu buij }lh whusia `} ~ks

~u`}}ha }i9 ]lha ~u`}h }lh kss`najha} àcfxmàn ei}l pixu ieshurk}ìas kam pixu nhamhu

kakfps`s ,Lxeekum " Mh hfmh& 5773)! @} slixfm eh s}uhsshm }lk} }l`s kss`najha} s biu

hrhupiah& uhnkumfhss ib }lhù sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa! ]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff eh àbiujhm }lk} }lhù

5>


28/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

uhkc}ìas }i& kam }lixnl} keix} }lh wuichss ib ~u`}àn k cijàn ix} fh}}hu ~`ff eh

m`scxsshm mxuàn }lh biffi~àn shssìa!

]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff }lha eh às}uxc}hm }i cijwfh}h k shciam lijh~iud kss`najha}& k iah }i

}~i wknh oixuakf keix} }lh bhhfàns }lk} ckjh xw ~l`fh ~u`}àn }lh cijàn ix} fh}}hu!

]l`s oixuakf ~`ff bicxs ia }lh wuichss ib Lijh~iud Kss`najha} #;& kam n`rh s}xmha}s k

wfkch }i h|wuhss kap ka|`h}`hs& hji}ìas& kamiu iwàìas }lhp jkp lkrh keix} `}& ks ~hff

ks k wfkch }i ri`ch }lhù nu`whs k} }lh às}uxc}iu biu kss`naàn `}!

Uk}ìakfh?

Kc}`r`}p #; `s jhka} }i wu`jh }lh cfkss }i m`scxss }lh uhfk}ìasl`ws eh}~hha lh}huish|`sj

kam lijiwlie`k! Kmm`}ìakf uhfk}hm }hujs kam mhbà`}ìas kuh n`rha }i wuir`mh k eksh ib

kwwuiwu`k}h fkanxknh }i eh xshm à }lh xwcijàn nuixw m`scxssìas! ]lh s`fha} }`jh à

~l`cl }i }làd keix} }lh uhfk}ìasl`w eh}~hha lijiwlie`k kam lh}huish|`sj `s s`jwfp }i

bxu}lhu wuhwkuh s}xmha}s biu }lh ah|} wku} ib }lh kc}`r`}p!

@a }lh shciam wku} ib }lh kc}`r`}p& }lh cfkss `s nuixwhm ep }lhù shfb*`mha}`b`hm nhamhu!

Xsàn }lh ~iumàn shfb*`mha}`b`hm nhamhu& }lh às}uxc}iu `s uhàbiucàn iah ib }lh jkà

wià}s ib }lh cfkss , !h!& }lk} nhamhu `s sic`kffp cias}uxc}hm)! Kf}lixnl j`|hm nhamhu

nuixws ~ixfm eh bàh biu }l`s kc}`r`}p& ehàn à skjh*nhamhu ,iu i}lhu `mha}`b`hm)

nuixwàns ~`ff wuir`mh k m`bbhuha} nuixw harùiajha}& ~l`cl jkp bkc`f`}k}h m`scfisxuh!

Kfsi& ep nuixwàn }lh cfkss kcciumàn }i nhamhu& }lh wuichhmàn cfkss m`scxssìa&

uhnkumàn h|kjwfhs ib lh}huish|`sj kam lijiwlie`k& jkp `ffxjàk}h nhamhu m`bbhuhachs

à li~ sxcl `ssxhs kuh h|whu`hachm à ixu sic`h}p! @as}uxc}àn nuixw jhjehus }i ~kfd xw

5


29/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

kam kbb`| }lhù h|kjwfhs }i }lh eikum bkc`f`}k}hs kc}`rh hanknhjha}! Ks }lh h|kjwfhs kuh

uhkm kfixm& }lh cfkss ~`ff fhkua buij }lhù whhus& kam jkp hrha ai}`ch s`j`fku`}`hs à

h|kjwfhs n`rha! ]l`s wuichss ib uhfk}àn iahs h|whu`hachs ~`}l i}lhus jkp lhfw bxu}lhu

ex`fm nuixw cilhs`rhahss!

]lh lijh~iud kss`najha} cijàn*ix} fh}}hu& `s jhka} }i lkrh s}xmha}s h|whu`hach

~lk} `} `s f`dh biu k whusia }i m`scfish sijh}làn }i k firhm iah& ~l`cl jkp xf}`jk}hfp

clkanh }lk} uhfk}ìasl`w biuhrhu! Ep lkràn lh}huish|xkf s}xmha}s cijh ix} ks nkp&

fhse`ka iu e`sh|xkf à k lpwi}lh}`ckf fh}}hu& }lhp kuh biuchm }i bkch iah ib }lh jis}

m`bb`cxf} wuichsshs k aia*lh}huish|xkf jkp bkch! H|whu`hacàn f`bh buij k m`bbhuha}

cxf}xukf r`h~wià} `s k niim ~kp }i ex`fm hjwk}lp à àm`r`mxkfs! ]l`s kc}`r`}p kfsi

às}uxc}s aia*lh}huish|xkf s}xmha}s }i cijh ix} ks ~hff! ]l`s `s miah }i sli~ }lk} hrha

}lixnl k whusia jkp ai} eh à }lh jkoiu`}p& }lhp jkp lifm ia}i bhhfàns ib lis}`f`}p

kam wuhoxm`ch }i~kum i}lhus ekshm ia sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa ks ~hff! ]l`s kc}`r`}p ~`ff ai} eh

lkamhm à& ex} ~`ff eh euixnl} }i cfkss si }lk} }lh às}uxc}iu cka rhu`bp `}s cijwfh}ìa!

]l`s jkp eh ka h|}uhjhfp wi~hubxf h|huc`sh biu whiwfh }i cijwfh}h! ]lh oixuakf

kss`najha} biu }lh a`nl} ~`ff bicxs ia ~lk} `} ~ks f`dh }i ~u`}h }lh fh}}hu& kam ~lk}

bhhfàns `} hanhamhuhm! ]l`s kc}`r`}p `s jhka} }i bkc`f`}k}h cu`}`ckf }làdàn kam hjwk}lp!

Ciacfxsìa?

]lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff }lkad }lh cfkss biu }lhù wku}`c`wk}ìa kam ~`ffànahss }i slkuh }lhù

}lixnl}s kam bhhfàns! Cfkss jhjehus ~`ff }lha eh ksdhm }i lkam à }lh u akjh}kns kam

50


30/79


31/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Jk}hu`kfs

Akjh}kn Ahcdfkchs

@amh| ckumsEfkcd whas

Jksdàn ]kwh

Lkamix}s ,Kwwham`chs H& B& " N)

Fhssia Wfka

^hfcijh EkcdClhcd*@a ,8*;7 jàx}hs)

]lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff ehnà }lh cfkss ep ~hfcijàn hrhupiah ekcd& kam às}uxc}àn }lhj }i

uh}u`hrh }lhù akjh}kns buij }lh buia} mhsd! Kb}hu ~hfcijàn hrhupiah ekcd }i }lh cfkss&

bkc`f`}k}h k clhcd*à à ~l`cl whiwfh cka }kfd keix} li~ }lhp kuh bhhfàn uhnkumàn }lh

cfkss }lxs bku! ]l`s cixfm eh miah à k uixam*uieà bkslìa& iu }luixnl rifxa}hhu

wku}`c`wk}ìa!

Uk}ìakfh?

]kfdàn keix} lijiwlie`k& sh|`sj& kam nhamhu `mhifin`hs cka euàn xw k rku`h}p ib

hji}ìakf uhswiashs à whiwfh! Ep }l`s }`jh a }lh wuichss& s}xmha}s jkp f`dhfp lkrh

h|whu`hachm k ukanh ib hji}ìas! S}xmha}s jkp lkrh ahnk}`rh ,iu wis`}`rh) bhhfàns keix}

}lh wuibhssiu kamiu }lh cfkss a nhahukf! N`ràn }lh s}xmha}s ka iwwiu}xa`}p }i m`scxss

}lhù bhhfàns keix} }lh cfkss wuichss& kmmuhsshs }lh shas`}`rh ak}xuh ib }l`s cxuu`cxfxj&

~l`fh lhfwàn }i cuhk}h kam jkà}kà k skbh harùiajha} à ~l`cl }i slkuh kam fhkua!

Kc}`r`}p #;? Wuichssàn }lh Cijàn Ix} lijh~iud kss`najha} ,57 jàx}hs)

Lkrh hrhupiah }kdh ix} k efkcd wha! Wkss kuixam àmh| ckums si }lk} hrhupiah lks iah!

@as}uxc} }lhj }i jkdh ai `mha}`bpàn jkuds ia }lh àmh| ckum! @b whiwfh mi ai} lkrh

3;


32/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

efkcd whas& }lh às}uxc}iu slixfm wuir`mh }lhj! ]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff eh às}uxc}hm }i ~u`}h

keix} }lh hji}ìas }lk} ~huh euixnl} xw ep }lh lijh~iud kss`najha}& kamiu ~lk} }lhù

}lixnl}s ~huh ks }lhp ~huh ~u`}àn }lh fh}}hu! @abiuj }lh s}xmha}s }lk} }l`s kss`najha} s

eks`ckffp ka kes}ukc} ib }lhù wuichssàn oixuakf kss`najha}! N`rh }lhj k} fhks} ;7

jàx}hs }i bà`sl!

Iach }lhp lkrh kff bà`slhm& }lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff ni kuixam kam ciffhc} kff }lh àmh| ckums!

]lh àmh| ckums ~`ff eh }liuixnlfp slxbbfhm kam uhm`s}uèx}hm }i }lh cfkss! S}xmha}s ~`ff

eh n`rha k w`hch ib }kwh à iumhu }i kbb`| }lhù àmh| ckum }i k ~kff sijh~lhuh à }lh

cfkssuiij& k} k fhrhf ~lhuh hrha }lh sliu}hs} cfkss jhjehu cka uhkm! ]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff eh

às}uxc}hm }i uhkm hkcl ckum }i }lhjshfrhs& s}ku}àn ~`}l }lh iah }lhp kbb`|hm }i }lh ~kff&

wuichhmàn }i }lh ah|} ckum ia }lhù u`nl} xa}`f }lhp cijwfh}h k bxff cùcfh! S}xmha}s slixfm

ham xw ~lhuh }lhp ehnka ,`!h!& k} }lh ckum }lhp kbb`|hm }i }lh ~kff)! Kb}hu kff ckums lkrh

ehha uhkm& s}xmha}s ~`ff eh às}uxc}hm }i uh}xua }i }lh u shk}s! ]lh cfkss ~`ff }lha eh

wuijw}hm }i m`scxss sijh ib }lh uhiccxuuàn }lhjhs }lhp ai}`chm& ks ~hff ks ~lk}

bhhfàns kuish ~l`fh uhkmàn ~lk} }lhù cfkssjk}hs ~ui}h!

Biffi~àn }lh m`scxssìa ib cijjia }lhjhs }lk} ~huh ai}`chm mxuàn }lh uhkmàns& }lh

cfkss ~`ff eh xunhm }i }kfd jiuh keix} }lh kss`najha}! [xhs}ìas }i }lh s}xmha}s cixfm

àcfxmh? M`m kap ib pix lkrh k lkum }`jh ~u`}àn }lh fh}}hu9 ^ks kapiah kbuk`m }lk}

sijhiah ~ixfm bàm pixu fh}}hu9 Li~ jxcl mi pix }làd fhkuahm lh}huish| sj kam

lijiwlie`k wfkphm k uifh à pixu hji}ìakf uhkc}ìas }i }l`s kss`najha}9 ^lk} ~ks `}

f`dh biu pix }i `jknàh wx}}àn pixushfb à}i }lh slihs ib sijhiah ~li bhf} }lh ahhm }i

cijh ix}! ]l`s wuichssàn slixfm ai} eh uxslhm! ]l`s kc}`r`}p lks ehha bixam }i hf`c`}

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wi~hubxf uhkc}ìas buij s}xmha}s& si }lh hmxck}iu slixfm eh wuhwkuhm biu sxcl k

wissè`f`}p ,Lxeekum " Mh ^hfmh& 5773)! Ep hs}kef`slàn hbbhc}`rh cfkss nuixam uxfhs

uhnkumàn shfb*ckuh& }lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff lkrh kfuhkmp cuhk}hm ka k}jiswlhuh ~lhuh s}xmha}s

dai~ }lhp cka uhjirh }lhjshfrhs buij }lh s`}xk}ìa `b } nh}s }ii xacijbiu}kefh! K} }lh

ham ib }l`s kc}`r`}p& `} `s kmr`shm }lk} }lh às}uxc}iu uhjàm }lh s}xmha}s ib l`slhu

krk`fke`f`}p }i }kfd kb}hu cfkss!

Euhkd? ,;8 jàx}hs)

Kc}`r`}p #5? ^lk} Mi Pix Bhhf9 ,=8 jàx}hs)

]lh às}uxc}iu slixfm bùs} wuhbkch }lh kc}`r`}p ~`}l }lh biffi~àn s}k}hjha}! Jkap

s}xmha}s lkrh ciabxshm iu rkupàn iwàìas keix} sh|xkf`}p! @} `s `jwiu}ka} biu s}xmha}s }i

`mha}`bp ~lk} }lhp cxuuha}fp }làd kam bhhf keix} lijish|xkf`}p kam lijiwlie`k& kam `b

wissèfh& xamhus}kam ~lhuh }lish }lixnl}s kam bhhfàn cijh buij! Ep }uxfp

xamhus}kamàn }lh uii}s ib iahs ehf`hb sps}hjs& k nuhk}hu shash ib shfb k~kuhahss cka eh

kccijwf`slhm! ]lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff }lha m`s}uèx}h }i hkcl s}xmha} k ]làdàn Phs&

]làdàn Ai clku} ia lijish|xkf`}p ,Kwwham`| H)! S}xmha}s slixfm eh n`rha keix} 57

jàx}hs }i b`ff à ~lk} }lhp ehf`hrh à kcciumkach }i }lh n`rha s}k}hjha}& kam }lha ~u`}h

iah iu }~i wià}s ia ~lk} sijhiah ~li m`sknuhhm jkp bhhf!

Ah|}& hkcl s}xmha} ~`ff eh lkamhm k Bkc} keix} Jp}ls wli}iciwp ,Kwwham`| B)! Hkcl

s}xmha} ~`ff eh ksdhm }i uhkm }lh lkamix} }i }lhjshfrhs ,keix} ;7 jàx}hs)! Iach }lhp

kuh bà`slhm uhkmàn& }lhp ~`ff cixa} ibb buij ; }i 8! Nuixws ~`ff eh biujhm ekshm ia

}lhù kss`nahm axjehu! @} ~`ff eh wuijw}hm }lk} sjkff nuixw m`scxssìas ~`ff bicxs ia

~lk} `} ~ks f`dh }i b`ff ix} }lh ]làdàn phs& ]làdàn Ai clku}& ~lk} iwwisàn wià}s

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~huh nhahuk}hm& kam ~lk} }lhp fhkuahm ~l`fh uhkmàn }lhBkc}s keix} Jp}ls lkamix}!

Kb}hu keix} ;7 jàx}hs& hkcl nuixw ~`ff slkuh ~`}l }lh cfkss ~lk} }lhù nuixw m`scxsshm!

]l`s m`scxssìa ~`ff fhkm à}i k cfisàn m`scxssìa keix} }lh mkps fhssias!

]lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff }lha ksd }lh s}xmha}s }i }làd keix} }lh s`}xk}ìa }lk} jkap nkp&

fhse`ka& kam e`sh|xkf whiwfh kuh à ep `jknààn }lk} lh}huish|xkf`}p `s }lh jàiu`}p!

H|wfkà }lk} }lh biffi~àn lkamix} slixfm eh uhkm ~`}l }lk} `jknh à jàm! ]lh às}uxc}iu

~`ff }lha lkam ix} ciw`hs ib kLh}huish|xkf`}p [xhs}ìaakùh ,Kwwham`| N)& }i eh uhkm

biu lijh~iud!

Lijh~iud? Oixuakf ,uhkc}ìas }i }imkps kc}`r`}`hs) " b`ff ix} }lhLh}huish|xkf`}p

[xhs}ìaakùh lkamix}!

,Sijh s}xmha}s jkp }làd ib }lk} }lhLh}huish|xkf`}p [xhs}ìaakùh kss`najha} `s k oidh&

}lhuhbiuh `} `s `jwiu}ka} biu }lh hmxck}iu }i ka}`c`wk}h sxcl uhkc}ìas kam jkdh `} cfhku

}lk} `} `s ai})

Uk}ìakfh?

K niim mhkf ib }`jh `s swha} ia wuichssàn }lh cijàn ix} lijh~iud kss`najha}! ]l`s

`s miah sàch jis} lh}huish|xkfs kuh ai} cijbiu}kefh `jknààn }lhjshfrhs à }lh slihs

ib aia*lh}huish|xkfs& si jkp lkrh s}uian uhkc}ìas }i }l`s h|huc`sh ,Lxeekum " Mh

^hfmh& 5773)! ]l`s kss`najha} jkp kfsi euàn xw s}uian bhhfàns kam uhkc}ìas buij aia*

lh}huish|xkf s}xmha}s ks ~hff! ]l`s jkp eh mxh }i k shash ib uh*h|whu`hacàn ka

xawfhkska} cijàn ix} wuichss& iu ehckxsh ib }lh uhkf`zk}ìa }lk} }lhp lkueiu

uhsha}jha} kamiu wuhoxm`chs ekshm ia sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa ks ~hff! @} `s h|}uhjhfp

`jwiu}ka} biu }lh hmxck}iu }i n`rh haixnl }`jh biu }lh cfkss }i wuichss sxcl shas`}`rh

jk}hu`kf! @} `s kfsi kmr`skefh biu }lh hmxck}iu }i iach knkà ibbhu }lhù cixashf }i s}xmha}s

kb}hu cfkss& iu r`k hjk`f }i kas~hu kap {xhs}ìas& iu }i lhfw bxu}lhu wuichss }lhù uhkc}ìas

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}i }lh h|huc`sh! @} `s kfsi sxnnhs}hm }lk} k f`s} ib cixashfàn uhsixuchs eh jkmh krk`fkefh

biu kapiah ~li ahhms `}!

Kc}`r`}`hs ; kam 5 kuh ei}l rkfxh*cfku`b`ck}ìa h|huc`shs! Kcciumàn }i Euxhss kam

Nuhhaehun ,577=)& }lh eks`c wxuwish ib rkfxhs cfku`b`ck}ìa }hcla`{xhs `s }i lhfw whiwfh

xamhus}kam }lhjshfrhs kam i}lhus eh}}hu ep xamhus}kamàn }lh mhu`rk}ìa kam xsh ib rkfxh

sps}hjs ,w!;=;)! Li~hrhu& `} `s ai} }lh uifh ib }lh sh|xkf`}p hmxck}iu }i às}`ff }lh u i~a

rkfxhs xa}i }lh s}xmha}s }lhp }hkcl& uk}lhu `} `s }lhù uifh }i kss`s} }lh s}xmha} à mhkfàn

~`}l rkfxh `ssxhs& kam lhfwàn }lhj }i uhcina`zh kam mhrhfiw }lhù i~a rkfxh sps}hjs!

@a }lh ]làdàn Phs& ]làdàn Ai h|huc`sh& lkràn hkcl s}xmha} ~u`}h k cixwfh ib wià}s

}lk} sijhiah ~`}l ka iwwisàn r`h~ ~ixfm jkdh& lhfws }i bis}hu cu`}`ckf }làdàn keix}

}lh }iw`c& biu `} `s `jwiu}ka} biu }lh cu`}`ckf }làdhu }i eh k~kuh ib ei}l s`mhs ib ka

kunxjha}! ]lhBkc}s keix} Jp}ls lkamix} `s kfsi k`jhm k} cia}uèx}àn }i k cu`}`ckf

kakfps`s ib }lh }iw`c ehàn cirhuhm! Cfkss m`scxssìa hakefhs }lh s}xmha}s }i slkuh kam

h|wfiuh }lh rkuìxs iwàìas kam r`h~wià}s uhnkumàn lijish|xkf`}p kam lijiwlie`k&

à mùhc} ox|}kwis`}ìa ~`}l }lh bkc}s!

]lhLh}huish|xkf`}p [xhs}ìaakùh `s kai}lhu kc}`r`}p k`jhm k} bis}huàn cu`}`ckf }làdàn

keix} lh}huish|`s} `mhifin`hs! Sijh s}xmha}s jkp }làd ib }l`s kss`najha} ks k oidh&

}lhuhbiuh `} `s `jwiu}ka} biu }lh hmxck}iu }i ka}`c`wk}h sxcl uhkc}ìas kam jkdh `} cfhku

}lk} `} `s ai}! Ep kss`naàn `} ks k lijh~iud kss`najha}& kam ai} }i eh miah à cfkss& `} `s

liwhm }lk} s}xmha}s ~`ff lkrh lkm kjwfh }`jh }i wuichss }lhù r`schukf uhkc}ìas }i `}

ehbiuh m`scxssàn } à cfkss! @a }l`s ~kp& à*cfkss skbh}p jkp eh halkachm! Jkap

lh}huish|xkfs& ks ~hff ks aia*lh}huish|xkfs& kuh si àxamk}hm ~`}l lh}huish|`s}

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`mhifin`hs& }lk} }lh f`dhf`liim ib àkwwuiwu`k}h r`schukf uhkc}ìas }i }lh {xhs}ìaakùh `s

l`nl ,Bfh}clhu " Uxsshff& 577;)! Li~hrhu& }lh skbh}p jhksxuhs }kdha }luixnlix} }l`s

cxuu`cxfxj slixfm hasxuh k sx`}kefh harùiajha} biu sxcl k }iw`c }i eh m`scxsshm!

Ciacfxsìa?

]lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff }lkad }lh cfkss biu }lhù wku}`c`wk}ìa! Cfkss jhjehus ~`ff }lha eh

ksdhm }i lkam à }lhù akjh}kns kam eh uhjàmhm keix} }lhù oixuakf kss`najha} biu }lh

a`nl}& kam }lk} kff ib }lhù oixuakfs ~`ff eh lkamhm ekcd }i }lhj k} }lh ciacfxsìa ib

biffi~àn cfkss shssìa! ]lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff kfsi uhjàm }lh s}xmha}s ib l`slhu

krk`fke`f`}p }i jhh} kb}hu cfkss& à cksh kapiah ahhms }i }kfd& uhch`rh àbiujk}ìa keix}

cixashfàn shur`chs& iu nk}lhu hmxck}ìakf uhsixuchs uhfk}hm }i cfkss }iw`cs!

Uk}ìakfh?

Ep ibbhuàn iahs }`jh }i wuichss }lh cfkss kam wuir`mh xshbxf uhsixuchs biu }lh s}xmha}s&

}lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff eh ~iudàn }i cuhk}h k skbhu swkch biu s}xmha}s }i fhkua kam slkuh!

Dai~àn }lk} }lh }iw`c ib lijiwlie`k kam nhamhu kuh shas`}`rh }i jkap whiwfh& }lh

às}uxc}iu slixfm mi hrhup}làn à }lhù wi~hu }i kssxknh s}xmha}s ka|`h}`hs ep wuir`màn

ks jxcl ix}*ib*cfkss sxwwiu} ks wissèfh!

Fhssia #8? Li~ Nhamhu Wuhsha}k}ìa kam Lijiwlie`k @a}hushc} ,07 jàx}hs)

Nikfs?

* S}xmha}s ~`ff mhrhfiw ka k~kuhahss ib li~ r`sxkf uhwuhsha}k}ìas ib nhamhu uifh`mhifin`hs `jwkc} li~ whiwfh kuh }uhk}hm& uhnkumfhss ib }lhù sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa!

* ]lh uhfk}ìasl`w eh}~hha nhamhu `mhifin`hs kam lijiwlie`k ~`ff eh uhàbiuchm!

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harùiajha} à ~l`cl }i slkuh kam fhkua!

Kc}`r`}p #;? ^li ~ixfm nh} w`cdhm ia9 ,58 jàx}hs)

]lh às}uxc}iu slixfm wuhbkch }l`s kc}`r`}p ~`}l k }ukas`}ìa s}k}hjha} sxcl ks? Si bku& ~h

lkrh h|wfiuhm jkap }làns }inh}lhu! ^h lkrh fiidhm k} }lh ~kp à ~l`cl nhamhu ei|hs

xs à}i swhc`b`c biujs ib ehlkrìu! ^h lkrh uhr`h~hm sijh ib }lh uhshkucl f`}huk}xuh

uhnkumàn lijiwlie`k& kam ~h lkrh fhkuahm k f`}}fh ib ~lk} `} bhhfs }i eh k sh|xkf

jàiu`}p! Ai~ ~h kuh niàn }i h|wfiuh nhamhu `mhifin`hs& à uhfk}ìa }i iahs

kwwhkukach!

@a }l`s kss`najha}& k shu`hs ib w`c}xuhs ~`ff eh wuhsha}hm }i }lh cfkss! ]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff eh

ksdhm }i uk}h }lh f`dhf`liim }lk} }lh whusia à }lh w`c}xuh ~ixfm lkuksshm iu k}}kcdhm biu

ehàn k nkp jka& fhse`ka ~ijka& iu e sh|xkf jka iu ~ijka! ]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff uk}h }lh

f`dhf`liim ia k lkam ix} ~`}l F`dhu} sckfhs ciuuhswiamàn }i }lh w`c}xuhs kss`nahm

axjehu! ]lh às}uxc}iu cka xsh k Wi~hu Wià} sf`mh sli~& iu s`jwfp xsh wuà}hm w`c}xuhs

kbb`|hm }i wis}hu eikums! Hkcl w`c}xuhs ciuuhswiamàn axjehu slixfm eh l`nlfp r`sèfh!

]lh w`c}xuhs slixfm wuhsha} k ~`mh ukanh ib nhamhu uifh kwwhkukachs! ]lh biffi~àn kuh

h|kjwfhs ib }lh dàms ib w`c}xuhs }i eh àcfxmhm? s}huhi}pw`ckffp bhjààh nkp jka ,h|!&

Okcd ia }lh sli~ ^`ff kam Nukch)& s}huhi}pw`ckffp jkscxfàh fhse`ka ~ijka ,ex}cl)&

jka à mukn& ~ijka à mukn& ahump ck}*nfksshs bhjkfh ~`}l sliu} lkù& s}huhi}pw`ckf

ekue`h*}pwh siuiu`}p nùf& jxscxfku kanup fiidàn jka& s}huhi}pw`ckf jkcli jka&

s}huhi}pw`ckf bhjààh ~ijka& cijwfh}hfp kamuinhaixs fiidàn jha kam ~ijha ,}ukas*

àm`r`mxkfs)& h}c!

Bùs}& ~`}lix} }hffàn }lh s}xmha}s ~lk} `s }i cijh& }lh bkc`f`}k}iu ~`ff wkss ix} iah F`dhu}

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

sckfh lkamix} whu s}xmha} ,Kwwham`| L? H|kjwfh)! ]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff eh às}uxc}hm }i

ai} ~u`}h }lhù akjh ia }lh lkamix}! ]lh s}xmha}s ~`ff eh }ifm }lk} }lhuh ~`ff eh k shu`hs

ib w`c}xuhs wuhsha}hm! Hkcl whusia à }lh w`c}xuh `s h`}lhu nkp& e`sh|xkf iu fhse`ka! Ekshm

ia }lhù i~a h|whu`hachs à scliif kam à }lhù ah`nleiuliims& hkcl whusia ~`ff uk}h }lh

f`dhf`liim }lk} }lh whusia à }lh w`c}xuh ~`ff eh lkuksshm iu k}}kcdhm ekshm ia }lhù sh|xkf

iu`ha}k}ìa! ]lh F`dhu} sckfh ~`ff ukanh buij 7 : Ai} f`dhfp& }i 3 : F`dhfp& }i 2 :

Rhup f`dhfp!

Kb}hu hkcl w`c}xuh lks ehha uk}hm& }lh cfkss ~`ff eh às}uxc}hm }i wkss }lhù lkamix}s }i }lh

às}uxc}iu! S}xmha}s ~`ff }lha eh ksdhm }i cixa} buij ; }i = kam }lha biuj nuixws ekshm

ia }lhù kss`nahm axjehu! ]lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff }lha uhm`s}uèx}h }lh lkamix}s }i }lh

nuixws& si }lk} hkcl nuixw uhch`rhs iah lkamix} whu nuixw jhjehu! ]lh nuixws ~`ff eh

wuijw}hm }i }kfd keix} }lh kc}`r`}p }i hkcl i}lhu! ^l`fh }lh s}xmha}s kuh m scxssàn& }lh

às}uxc}iu ~`ff eh f`s}àn }lh axjehus ib }lh w`c}xuhs wuhsha}hm ia k eikum iu wis}hu bf`w

clku}! Keirh }lh f`s} ~`ff eh }lh F`dhu} sckfh xshm ,`!h!& 7 }i 2)!

Iach }lh às}uxc}iu `s uhkmp& slh ~`ff ckff ia hkcl nuixw }i uhfkp }lh sciuhs }lhp lkrh!

]lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff nk}lhu }lh sciuhs à cluiaifin`ckf iumhu& kam jkdh jkuds xamhu hkcl

sciuh biu hkcl w`c}xuh sli~a! Biu h|kjwfh& ks }lh s}xmha}s uhfkp }lh sciuhs n`rha biu

w`c}xuh #;& }lh às}uxc}iu ~`ff jkdh jkuds biu hkcl sciuh n`rha }i hkcl w`c}xuh! @a }lh

ham& }lhuh ~`ff eh k r`sxkf uhwuhsha}k}ìa ib }lh irhukff cfkss sciuhs biu hkcl w`c}xuh

wuhsha}hm! ]lh jis} cijjia sciuhs biu hkcl w`c}xuh ~`ff eh cùcfhm! Cfkss m`scxssìa

keix} }lh kc}`r`}p& kam ~lk} ~ks slkuhm à }lh nuixw ~`ff biffi~!

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@a }l`s kc}`r`}p& s}xmha}s ~`ff eh ksdhm }i s}kp à }lh nuixws }lhp biujhm mxuàn }lh fks}

kc}`r`}p! ]lhp ~`ff }lha eh mùhc}hm }i ai}`ch }lh w`fhs ib cias}uxc}ìa wkwhu& nfxh*s}`cds&

jkudhus& cukpias& kam j`schffkahixs cukb} sxwwf`hs euixnl} à ep }lh às}uxc}iu! ]lhuh

~`ff eh iah fkunh wis}hu eikum biu hkcl nuixw }i xsh! @} `s kmr`skefh biu }lh às}uxc}iu }i

euàn h|}uk wis}hu eikums à cksh ib ahhm!

]lh biffi~àn às}uxc}ìa ~`ff eh n`rha }i }lh nuixws? ]l`s bàkf kc}`r`}p ~`ff ckff xwia

kff ib }lh àbiujk}ìa ~h lkrh uhr`h~hm& kam dai~fhmnh ~h lkrh slkuhm ~`}l hkcl i}lhu

sàch }l`s cfkss ehnka! Hkcl nuixw ~`ff cuhk}h k r`sxkf uhwuhsha}k}ìa ib ~lk} }lhp bhhf

kuh }lh jis} `jwiu}ka} fhssias }lhù cfkssjk}hs slixfm }kdh k~kp buij }lh cfkss! ]lhuh

kuh ai h|kc} nx`mhfàhs biu }l`s wuiohc}& kam pix cka xsh kap ib }lh jk}hu`kfs @ sxwwf`hm& iu

hrha jk}hu`kfs }lk} pix jkp lkrh ia pix! Iach bà`slhm& hkcl nuixw ~`ff wuhsha} }lhù

wis}hu }i }lh uhs} ib }lh cfkss& ~`}l k mhscu w}ìa ib ~lk} `s ehàn m`swfkphm! Nuixws ~`ff

lkrh 57 jàx}hs }i cijwfh}h }lhù wis}hu! ]lh wuhsha}k}ìas ~`ff eh biffi~hm ep k cfisàn

m`scxssìa!

@a cfisàn& }lh às}uxc}iu slixfm }lkad hrhupiah biu }lhù wku}`c`wk}ìa kam hacixuknh

}lhj }i jhh} ~`}l }lhj kb}hu cfkss `b }lhp ahhm }i }kfd keix} }lh jk}hu kf wuhsha}hm! K

~iud hjk`f cixfm kfsi eh wuir`mhm ks kai}lhu jhkas ib cia}kc} biu wuichssàn! K cfkss

hrkfxk}ìa biuj ,shh Kwwham`| O) ~`ff }lha eh lkamhm ix}& uhnkumàn }lh cfkss ks k ~lifh&

kam }lh hbbhc}`rhahss ib }lh hmxck}iu!

Uk}ìakfh?

Ep lkràn s}xmha}s `jknàh k ~iufm ~lhuh lh}huish|xkf`}p `s k jàiu`}p sh|xkf

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

@a kmm`}ìa& ep n`ràn }lh s}xmha}s k clkach }i hrkfxk}h }lh cfkss& kam }lh hbbhc}`rhahss ib

}lh hmxck}iu ,shh Kwwham`| O)& }lh hmxck}iu ai} iafp hjwi~hus }lhù s}xmha}s& ex} kfsi

ciffhc}s àbiujk}ìa kam bhhmekcd ahchsskup }i `jwuirh iahs sd`ffs ,Lhmnhwh}l "

Lhfj`cl& ;002)!

Hrkfxk}ìa

Hrkfxk}ìa `s ka `jwiu}ka} kswhc} ib sh|xkf`}p hmxck}ìa kam slixfm eh kwwf`hm

}luixnlix} }lh hmxck}ìakf wuichss& }i }lh fhkuahus& ks ~hff ks }i }lh sh|xkf`}p hmxck}ius

,Euxhss " Nuhhaehun& 577=)! Uhnkumfhss ib }lh sh}}àn iah }hkclhs à& hrkfxk}ìa `s

`jwiu}ka} biu jkap uhksias! Kcciumàn }i Lhmnhwh}l kam Lhfj`cl ,;002)& uhksias biu

hrkfxk}àn àcfxmh?

]i lhfw fhkuahus ksshss }lhù i~a fhkuaàn4 }i lhfw fhkuahus uhr`h~ }lh

àbiujk}ìa& ciachw}s iu jhssknhs }lk} ~huh cirhuhm à }lh fhssia iu

cixush& kam }i uhàbiuch ~lk} }lhp fhkuahm4 }i micxjha} }lh hbbhc}`rhahss

ib pixu hmxck}ìa hbbiu}s kam n`rh pix mk}k biu uhr`sìa ib }lh wuinukj4 }i

n`rh pix mk}k biu mhrhfiwàn }lh ah|} fhssias iu shssìas }lk} ahhm }i }kdh

wfkch ~`}l }l`s wku}`cxfku nuixw4 kam }i n`rh pix àbiujk}ìa kam bhhmekcd

ahhmhm }i `jwuirh pixu sd`ffs ,w!55>)!

Ei}l sxeohc}`rh kam ieohc}`rh jh}lims ib hrkfxk}ìa kuh x}`f`zhm }luixnlix} }l`s

cxuu`cxfxj! Ep f`s}haàn }i nuixw m`scxssìas kam àm`r`mxkfs uhkc}ìas& }lh hmxck}iu cka

ieohc}`rhfp hrkfxk}h ~lh}lhu iu ai} }lh cxuu`cxfxj `s jhh}àn }lh nikfs kam ieohc}`rhs ib

hkcl fhssia! Jis} hrkfxk}ìa jh}lims }luixnlix} }l`s cxuu`cxfxj kuh ekshm ia nuixw

m`scxssìas kam àm`r`mxkfs à}hffhc}xkf cia}uèx}ìas }i cfkss m`scixush! Li~hrhu& }lh

==


45/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

bàkf cfkss wuiohc} `s jhka} ks ka irhukff hrkfxk}ìa ib }lh cxuu`cxfxjs hbbhc}`rhahss à

jhh}àn }lh nikfs kam ieohc}`rhs s}k}hm }luixnlix}!

Hrkfxk}ìa `s jkmh sxeohc}`rhfp }luixnl xsh ib s}xmha} oixuakfs kam ieshurk}ìas jkmh

mxuàn cfkss à}hukc}ìas! ]l`s cxuu`cxfxj `s keix} rkfxhs& bhhfàns& ehf`hbs& kam }lh

k}}kàjha} ib bkc}xkf abiujk}ìa ekshm ia whhu*uhr`h~hm uhshkucl f`}huk}xuh! Kf}lixnl

}lh bàkf cfkss wuiohc}& ks ~hff ks wuhrìxs nuixwcfkss m`scxssìas cka hbbhc}`rhfp eh xshm

}i hrkfxk}h }lh uh}ha}ìa ib }lh jk}hu`kf ehàn wuhsha}hm& }lh kbbhc}`rh fhkuaàn }kdàn

wfkch ~`ff jis} f`dhfp eh bixam à }lh oixuakfs! Ks hkcl mkps oixuakfs kuh uhkm& }lh

hmxck}iu cka ~`}ahss }lh hrifx}ìa ib hkcl s}xmha}s kbbhc}`rh uhkc}ìas }i }lh jk}hu`kf

ehàn wuhsha}hm à cfkss! ]lh hmxck}iu cka }lha xsh }lh àbiujk} ia ~`}là }lh oixuakfs ks

k nx`mh }i eh}}hu cfkss bkc`f`}k}ìa! @a kmm`}ìa& ieshuràn s}xmha}s mxuàn cfkss

à}hukc}ìas kam nuixw wuichssàn cka kfsi wuir`mh }lh hmxck}iu ~`}l k ~hkf}l ib

hrkfxk}`rh dai~fhmnh& ~l`cl cka kfsi eh xshm ks k nx`mh }i }~hkdàn }lh cxuu`cxfxj à

~kps }i eh}}hu kcl`hrh `}s nikfs kam ieohc}`rhs!

]lh bàkf cfksshmxck}iu hrkfxk}ìa biuj ,shh Kwwham`| O) slixfm eh lkamhm ix} u`nl}

ehbiuh }lh ham ib }lh fks} cfkss! K s}xmha} ~`ff eh clisha }i mhf`rhu }lh hrkfxk}ìas iach

hrhupiah lks cijwfh}hm }lhj! ]l`s ~`ff wuir`mh }lh hmxck}iu ~`}l `jwiu}ka} mk}k }i

hrkfxk}h l`slhu i~a hbbhc}`rhahss& }lh hbbhc}`rhahss ib }lh cxuu`cxfxj ehàn xshm& ~l`fh

hjwi~huàn }lh s}xmha}s à k}}hamkach ,Euxhss " Nuhhaehun& 577=4 Lhmnhwh}l "

Lhfj`cl& ;002)!

=8


46/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Uhswiamàn }i Iwwis`}ìa

Xabiu}xak}hfp& iwwis`}ìa }i kap biuj ib sh|xkf`}p hmxck}ìa lks k fian l`s}iup à }lh

Xa`}hm S}k}hs ,@uràh& 577=)! Kf}lixnl }l`s cxuu`cxfxj bicxshs ia lijiwlie`k kam

lh}huish|`sj ks k jhkas }i mhcuhksàn rìfhach kam hswixsàn hjwk}lp kam

xamhus}kamàn& chu}kà àm`r`mxkfs kam ha}`}`hs jkp r`h~ }lh sxeohc} jk}hu`kf wuhsha}hm ks

k ~kp }i habiuch sijh dàm ib knhamk xwia }lh s}xmha}s! Ks k lh}huish|xkf kmxf} jkfh&

kam ks ka hmxck}iu& @ bhhf }lk} cirhuàn sxcl }iw`cs ks nhamhu `mhifinp& lh}huish|`sj kam

lijiwlie`k kuh r`}kf biu }lh wspclifin`ckf& hji}ìakf& kam wlps`ckf ~hff*ehàn ib }lh

s}xmha}s @ shurh! Li~hrhu& @ lkrh àcfxmhm k f`s} ib bkc}s kam jp}ls keix} ka}`*

lijiwlie`k hmxck}ìa ,Kwwham`| @) biu bhffi~ hmxck}ius }i uhbhu }i `b iwwis`}ìa wuhsha}s

`}shfb! Kwwham`| @ cka kfsi eh ciw`hm ks k lkamix} }i eh n`rha }i }lish ~li lkrh

ciachuas keix} ka}`*lijiwlie`k hmxck}ìa!

Kcciumàn }i Sckfhs kam Dùep ,;0


47/79


48/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

slixfm eh ai}hm kam uhswhc}hm! Li~hrhu& `} slixfm eh s}uhsshm }lk} }l`s cxuu`cxfxj `s ai}

jhka} }i clkanh kapiahs uhf`nìxs ciar`c}ìas& iafp }i bis}hu cu`}`ckf }làdàn keix} ka

h|}uhjhfp `jwiu}ka} `ssxh à Kjhu`cka sic`h}p& }lk} `b kmmuhsshm hbbhc}`rhfp cixfm fhssha

lxjka sxbbhuàn!

Wkuha}kf iwwis`}ìa jkp eh jiuh f`dhfp `b }l`s cxuu`cxfxj `s xshm ~`}là l`nl scliifs&

}lka `b `} `s xshm à ciffhnh sh}}àns ,@uràh& 5775)! Uhnkumfhss& `b kap wkuha}kf iwwis`}ìa

`s hacixa}huhm& `} slixfm eh uhfkphm }lk} s}xmha}s lkrh }lh iw}ìa ib aia*wku}`c`wk}ìa!

Kfsi& sàch }l`s k s}xmha}*cha}huhm cxuu`cxfxj& jxcl ib ~lk} `s fhkuahm ~`ff eh whhu }i

whhu! ]lh hmxck}iu s`jwfp wuhsha}s bkc}xkf àbiujk}ìa kam whhu*uhr`h~hm uhshkucl! @} `s

xf}`jk}hfp xw }i }lh s}xmha} }i mhc`mh ~lk} }i mi ~`}l }lh àbiujk}ìa }lhp uhch`rh! @a ai

~kp `s }l`s cxuu`cxfxj jhka} }i clkanh }lhù rkfxh sps}hjs& li~hrhu& `} mihs hacixuknh

cu`}`ckf }làdàn ks iwwishm }i efàm kmlhuhach }i kx}liu`}ku`ka wuàc`wfhs! @b wkuha}s kuh

iwha }i `}& }lh hmxck}iu cixfm ibbhu k jhh}àn ~`}l }lhj }i uhr`h~ }lh cxuu`cxfxj ehbiuh

}lh cfkss s}ku}s! @b }lh wkuha}s s}`ff bhhf s}uianfp }lk} }lhù cl`fm,uha) slixfm ai} wku}`c`wk}h&

}lhp ~`ff ai} eh biuchm }i!

=


49/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Uhbhuhachs

Kmkjs& L! H!& û`nl}& F! !& " Filu& E! K! ,;002)! @s lijiwlie`k kssic`k}hm ~`}l

lijish|xkf kuixskf9Oixuakf ib Keaiujkf Wspclifinp& ;78,3)& ==7*==8!

Kisrhm& K! C!& " Fian& W! O! ,5772)! Ci*iccxuuhach ib ukwh jp}l kcchw}kach& sh|`sj&

ukc`sj& lijiwlie`k& knh`sj& cfkss`sj& kam uhf`nìxs à}ifhukach! Sh| Uifhs& 88& =


50/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Bàfkp& E! " ^kf}lhu& C! S! ,5773)! ]lh uhfk}ìa ib uhf`nìxs kbb`f`k}ìa& shur`ch

k}}hamkach& kam i}lhu bkc}ius }i lijiwlie`c k}}`}xmhs kjian xa`rhus`}p s}xmha}s!

Uhr`h~ ib Uhf`nìxs Uhshkucl& ==,=)& 3>7*303!

Bfh}clhu& K! C!& " Uxsshff& S! ]! ,Oka!& 577;)! @aciuwiuk}àn `ssxhs ib sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa

à }lh cfkssuiij? Clkffhanhs kam sifx}ìas!Bkj`fp Uhfk}ìas& 87,;)& 3=*=7!

Lhmnhwh}l& H!& " Lhfj`cl& O! ,;002)! ]hkclàn keix} sh|xkf`}p kam L@R? Wuàc`wfhs kam

jh}lims biu hbbhc}`rh hmxck}ìa&Ah~ Piud& AP? Ah~ Piud Xa`rhus`}p Wuhss!

L`ff`hu& F! " Lkuu sia& F! ,577=)! Lijiwlie`k kam }lh wuimxc}ìa ib slkjh? Pixan

whiwfh kam skjh sh| k}}ukc}ìa! Cxf}xuh& Lhkf}l " Sh|xkf`}p& 2,;)& >0*0=!

Lxeekum& H! K!& " Mh ^hfmh& D! ,5773)! @j nfkm @j ai} nkp+? Lh}huish|xkf s}xmha}s

hji}ìakf h|whu`hach à }lh ciffhnh cfkssuiij ~`}l k cijàn ix} kss`najha}!

]hkclàn Sicìfinp& 3;,;)& >3*


51/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Duxwk}& D!& " JcCuhhup& W! ,;000)! Lijiwlie`k& fkeius ah~ buia}`hu9 K m`scxssìa

~`}l bixu fkeiu fhkmhus! Sic`kf ]h|}& ;>,=)& 80*>5!

Fhh& U! ,577)! ]~i nkp }hhas d`ffhm à oxs} }~i ~hhds! Six}lhua Ri`ch&w! ;*

;5!

J`ffs& J! ,;002)! Lijiwlie`k d`ffs? K m`suxw}`rh jijha} à }lh hmxck}ìakf wif`} cs ib

fhn`}`jk}ìa!Eu`}`sl Oixuakf ib Sicìfinp ib Hmxck}ìa& ;>,3)& 3;8*352!

Ak}ìakf Iunka`zk}ìa biu îjha ,577

Uiclfà& J! ,;0;!

Sckfhs& W!& " Dùep& M! ,;0


52/79


53/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

00*;7;!

^`cdehun& M! ,5777)! Lijiwlie`k? Ia }lh cxf}xukf l`s}iup ib ka `mhk! Cu`}`ckf @a{x`up&

5>,;)& =5*8>!

^ii}ha& K! ,577


54/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| K? Skjwfh Nuixam Uxfhs

;! Hrhupiah lks }lh u`nl} }i wkss ia kc} r`} hs iu ia kas~huàn {xhs}ìas }lhp mi

ai} ~`sl }i kas~hu! ]lh }hkclhu kfsi jkp cliish ai} }i kas~hu k {xhs}ìa à buia}

ib }lh ha}ùh cfkss!

5! Kff wià}s ib r`h~ kuh ~iu}lp ib ehàn m`scxsshm! Ai wuhkclàn4 ai wx}*mi~as ib

i}lhus rkfxhs!

3! Ai {xhs} ia `s mxje! [xhs}ìas iafp àm`ck}h k mhsùh biu dai~fhmnh4 }lhp mi

ai} }hff pix kap}làn hfsh keix} }lh whusia ksdàn }lh {xhs}ìas!

=! ^lha wissèfh& ciuuhc} }hujàifinp slixfm eh xshm! ^lha pix mi ai} dai~ }lh

ciuuhc} }huj& xsh }lh }huj pix dai~! ]lh }hkclhu iu i}lhu s}xmha}s cka sxwwfp }lh

ciuuhc} }huj!

8! Ai iah `s h|whc}hm }i m scfish sh|xkf iu ha}k}ìa à cfkss! @b sijhiah mihs& kff

iu`ha}k}ìas ~`ff eh uhswhc}hm lhuh!

2! Ai ksdàn ib whusiakf {xhs}ìas }i }lh }hkclhu iu }i }lh cfkss!

>! Ai }kfdàn keix} cfkss jhjehus cijjha}s ix}s`mh }lh cfkssuiij!

`s uh{xùhm ep fk~ }i m`scfish àbiujk}ìa& biu h|kjwfh& sh|xkf kexsh!

0! Swhkd biu pixushfb! Xsh @ jhssknhs }i s}k}h iwàìas iu bhhfàns!

;7! @b pix iu whiwfh pix dai~ lkrh k cijwfkà} keix} }lh cfkss& cijh m uhc}fp }i }lh

}hkclhu }i m`scxss `}!

;;! @b& k} kap }`jh& kapiah bhhfs irhu~lhfjhm mxuàn }lh cfkss wuichss& }lhp lkrh }lh

iw}ìa ib eu`hbfp h|cxsàn }lhjshfrhs buij cfkss }i ckfj mi~a& nk}lhu }lhù

}lixnl}& nh} k muàd& iu kap}làn hfsh }lhp jkp ahhm }i mi biu shfb*ckuh!

8=


55/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

,Sixuch?Ehpiam uhwuimxc}ìa? ]`ws kam }hcla`{xhs biu }hkclàn shas`}`rh bkj`fp f`bh

hmxck}ìa `ssxhs& Ska}k Cuxz& CK? H]UAh}~iud Wxef`ck}ìas& ;0


56/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| E? Sh| rs! Nhamhu H|huc`sh

Nhah}`c Sh|

\P& \\& Cluijisijhs& Hs}uinha Liujiakf Mijàk}ìa& ]hs}is}huiah Liujiakf

Mijàk}ìa!

Kak}ij`ckf Sh|

Niakms& X}huxs& Rxfrk& Rknàk& Wha`s& Euhks}s& Irku`hs& h}c!

Nhamhu

Jkfh& Bhjkfh& Jkscxfàh& Bhjààh& Jkcli& Nùfp& Efxh iu Wàd& h}c!

82


57/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| C? ]hujs kam Mhbà`}ìas H|huc`sh

@jwiu}ka} Nhamhu*Mhbà`}ìas? ,@as}uxc}ius Ciwp)

Nhah}`c Sh|? uhbhus }i iahs cluijisijkf kam liujiakf sh| clkukc}hu s} cs&

sxcl ks ~lh}lhu iahs cluijisijhs kuh \P iu \\ kam ~lh}lhu

hs}uinha iu }hs}is}huiah mijàk}hs }lh liujiakf sps}hj!

Kak}ij`ckf Sh|? uhbhus }i wlps`ckf sh|? niakms& x}huxs& rxfrk& rknàk& wha`s& kam si

ia!

Kss`nahm Nhamhu? `s }lh nhamhu n`rha ep i}lhus& xsxkffp k} eù}l! ^lha k ekep `s

eiua& sijhiah fiids k} }lh nha`}kfs kam h|cfk`js& @}s k eip+ iu@}s k nùf9 ^`}l }lk} sànfh x}}hukach& }lh ekep `s }ukasbiujhm

buij ka `} à}i jkfh iu bhjkfh!

^lhuhks sh| `s uii}hm à eìfinp& nhamhu `s uii}hm à cxf}xuh!

Ciuh Nhamhu? `s }lh nhamhu k whusia ehf`hrhs l`j* iu lhushfb }i eh!

Nhamhu Uifhs? kuh }lh k}} }xmhs& ehlkrìus& u`nl}s& kam uhswiasè`f } hs }lk} sic`h}pkssic`k}hs ~`}l hkcl sh|!

Nhamhu UifhS}huhi}pwh? `s k u`n`mfp lhfm& irhus`jwf`b`hm& kam irhu*nhahukf zhm ehf`hb }lk}

kff jkfhs kam kff bhjkfhs wisshss m`s}àc} wspclifin`ckf kam

ehlkrìukf }uk`}s!

Nhamhu Uifh

K}}`}xmh? uhbhus }i }lh ehf`hbs k whusia lks keix} l`j* iu lhushfb kam i}lhusuhnkumàn kwwuiwu`k}h bhjkfh kam jkfh whusiakf`}p }uk`}s kam

kc}`r`}`hs!

Nhamhu UifhEhlkrìu? uhbhus }i }lh kc}xkf kc}`r`}`hs iu ehlkrìus k whusia hanknhs a ks k

bhjkfh iu k jkfh!

8>


58/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| C? Wku} @@

,S}xmha} îudslhh} Buia} Eikum R`sxkf)

Nhamhu Uifh Ehlkrìu? k) s }lh nhamhu k whusia ehf`hrhs l`j* iu

lhushfb }i eh!

Kak}ij`ckf Sh|? e) uhbhus }i iahs cluijisijkf kam

liujiakf sh| clkukc}hu`s}`cs& sxcl ks

~lh}lhu iahs cluijisijhs kuh \P iu

\\ kam ~lh}lhu hs}uinha iu }hs}is}huiahmijàk}hs }lh liujiakf sps}hj!

Nhamhu Uifh S}huhi}pwh? c) kuh }lh k}}`}xmhs& ehlkrìus& u`nl}s& kam

uhswiasè`f`}`hs }lk} sic`h}p kssic`k}hs~`}l hkcl sh|!

Nhah}`c Sh|? m) s k u`n`mfp lhfm& irhus`jwf`b`hm& kam irhu*

nhahukf`zhm ehf`hb }lk} kff jkfhs kam kff

bhjkfhs wisshss m`s}àc} wspclifin`ckf

kam ehlkrìukf }uk`}s!

Kss`nahm Nhamhu? h) uhbhus }i }lh kc}xkf kc}`r`}`hs iu ehlkrìus

k whusia hanknhs à ks k bhjkfh iu k jkfh!

Nhamhu Uifh K}}`}xmh? b) kuh }lh k}}`}xmhs& ehlkrìus& u`nl}s& kam

uhswiasè`f`}`hs }lk} sic`h}p kssic`k}hs~`}l hkcl sh|!

Ciuh Nhamhu? n) s }lh nhamhu n`rha ep i}lhus& xsxkffp k}eù}l! ^lha k ekep `s eiua& sijhiah

fiids k} }lh nha`}kfs kam h|cfk`js& @}s keip+ iu @}s k nùf9 ^`}l }lk} sànfh

x}}hukach& }lh ekep `s }ukasbiujhm buij

ka `} à}i jkfh iu bhjkfh!

Nhamhu Uifhs? l) uhbhus }i }lh ehf`hbs k whusia lks keix}l`j* iu lhushfb kam i}lhus uhnkumàn

kwwuiwu`k}h bhjkfh kam jkfh whusiakf`}p

}uk`}s kam kc}`r`}`hs!

8


59/79

Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| M? ]hujs kam mhbà`}ìas uhfk}hm }i sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa

Lijish|xkf }p? Wu jkup sh|xkf k}}ukc} ia }i jhjehus ib }lh skjh sh|!

Lijiwlie`k? ]lh bhku ib iu i}lhu hji}ìakf krhusìa }i fhse`kas kam nkp jha!

Wuhoxm`ch iu e`ni}up }i~kum fhse`kas kam nkp jha!

Lh}huish|`sj? ]lh h|wf`c } iu `jwf`c } kssxjw} ias }lk} hrhupiah s lh}huish|xkf

,iu slixfm eh)!

@a}hush|? Whusias ~`}l nha`}kf`k }lk} kuh ai} m`s}àc}fp jkfh iu bhjkfh!

Fhsekà? ]lh }huj biu k bhjkfh ~`}l k skjh*sh| iu`ha}k}ìa!

Nkp? ]lh wuhbhuuhm }huj biu uhbhuhach }i k skjh*sh| iu`ha}k}ìa!

Sh|xkf Iu`ha}k}ìa? @acfxmhs lijish|xkf& lh}huish|xkf& iu e`sh|xkf kam cijwu`shs }lh

m`jhasìas ib sh|xkf k}}ukc}ìa& nhamhu iu`ha}k}ìa& kam nhamhu

`mha}`}p!

Sh|xkf Wuhbhuhach? ]l`s wluksh sxnnhs}s }lk} sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa `s k cli`ch!

Cijàn Ix}? ]lh wuichss ep ~l`cl k whusia cijhs }i kcchw} l`s iu lhu

lijish|xkf`}p iu sh|xkf m`bbhuhach buij k lh}huish|xkf aiuj!

]ukassh|xkfs? Whusias ~li kuh mhhwfp m`ssk} sb`hm ~ }l }lh nhamhu }i ~l`cl }lh u

kak}ij`ckf sh| `s kssic`k}hm ~`}l! Sijh}`jhs }lhp shhd sxun`ckf

kam liujiakf uhkss`najha}!

]ukasrhs}`}hs? Whusias ~li cliish }i ~hku cfi}làn }lk} sic`h}p mhhjs

kwwuiwu`k}h biu }lh iwwis`}h nhamhu! ]ukasrhs}`c`sj lks ai}làn }i

mi ~`}l sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa!

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Kwwham`| M? Wku} @@

Eksi~& S! K!& " Oilasia& D! ,5777)! Wuhm`c}ius ib lijiwlie`k à bhjkfh ciffhnh

s}xmha}s!Sh| Uifhs& =5,82)& 30;*=7=!

]lh L`nlhs} ciuuhfk}ìas ~`}l lijiwlie`k biu ciffhnh ~ijha ~huh kx}liu`}ku`ka

k}}`}xmhs& k m`sknuhhjha} ~`}l sh| uifh hnkf`}ku`ka`sj ,}lhp m`ma} ehf`hrh }lk} jha kam

~ijha lkm h{xkf uifhs)& }lhù mhnuhh ib cia}kc} ~`}l nkp jha kam fhse`kas ,`!h!& }lh jiuh

cia}kc} }lhp lkm& }lh fhss lijiwlie`c }lhp ~huh)& kam }lh `jwiu}kach ib }lhù whuch`rhm

bhjààh k}}uèx}hs à uhfk}ìa }i }lhù whusiakf shash ib bhjàà`}p! Li~hrhu& irhukff&

kx}liu`}ku`ka k}}`}xmhs ,`!h!& kmlhuhach }i uxfhs kam kx}liu`}p) ,w!30;)

Lijish|xkf`}p kwwhkus }i }luhk}ha }ukm`}ìakf bkj`fp kam nhamhu*uifh rkfxhs! U`nl} ~àn

kx}liu`}ku`ka`sj lks ehha bixam }i eh wku}`cxfkufp wuhm`c}`rh ib ahnk}`rh k}}`}xmhs }i~kum

lijish|xkfs! Whiwfh ~li sciuh l`nl ia kx}liu`}ku`ka`sj kuh cijj`}}hm }i jkà}kààn

}lh }ukm`}ìakf bkj`fp s}uxc}xuh& }lhp bhhf }luhk}hahm ep fèhukf`zk}ìa kam whiwfh ~li

}luhk}ha }lhù ciarha}ìakf rkfxhs& sxcl ks lijish|xkfs ,w!305)!

Skdkff`& A! ,5775)! Kwwf`ck}ìa ib }lh k}}uèx}ìa*rkfxh jimhf ib wuhoxm`ch }i

lijish|xkf`}p! ]lh Oixuakf ib Sic`kf Wspclifinp& ;=5,5)& 52=*5>;!

]l`s s}xmp bicxshm ia }lh uhfk}ìasl`w eh}~hha lh}huish|xkf wku}`c`wka}s ckxskf

k}}uèx}ìas biu }lh iu`nàs ib lijish|xkf`}p kam }lhù k}}`}xmhs }i~kum lijish|xkf`}p!

K}}uèx}ìa }lhiu`hs mhkf ~`}l li~ sic`kf whuch`rhus xsh àbiujk}ìa }i kuu`rh k} ckxskf

h|wfkak}ìas biu hrha}s }lk} `s& li~ àm`r`mxkfs xsh chu}kà cxhs iu m`jhasìas }i biuj k

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

ckxskf oxmnjha}! @b k whusia h|whu`hachs k ahnk}`rh iu xamhsùkefh ix}cijh kam }lh

ckxsh `s cia}uiffkefh& }lha }lh ieshurhu jkp lifm }lh whusia uhswiasèfh biu }lh ahnk}`rh

ix}cijh kam& ciash{xha}fp& jkp bhhf ahnk}`rh kbbhc} ,h!n!& kanhu) }i~kum }lh whusia

,w!528)!

Ixu s}xmp sxnnhs}s }lk} lh}huish|xkf àm`r`mxkfs ~li ehf`hrh }lk} lijish|xkf`}p `s

fhkuahm uk}lhu }lka nhah}`c lifm nkp kam fhse`ka àm`r`mxkfs jiuh uhswiasèfh biu }lhù

f`bh s}pfh! Li~hrhu& `b lh}huish|xkf àm`r`mxkfs whuch`rh }lk} lijish|xkf`}p lks nhah}`c

ckxshs kam }lk} nkp jha kam fhse`kas& }lhuhbiuh& ckaai} cia}uif }lhù sh|xkf wuhbhuhachs&

}lhp jkp ai} m`sf`dh iu uhohc} }lhj ks jxcl ,w!522)!

/,L`nlf`nl} uhcha} uhshkucl uhnkumàn wuh*ak}kf liujiakf h|wisxuh kam sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa! K uhcha}

ah~s ku}`cfh Nkp jha& s}uk`nl} ~ijha slkuh eukà mh}k`f cka eh bixam k}?

l}}w?ah~s!pklii!cijsaj577


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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Cfkudsia& O! ,5772)! Hrhumkp Oih rhusxs w`ssp& e`}clp& {xhhas? Nkp jkscxfà`}p

ia S}uk`nl}Kc}àn!cij! ]lh Oixuakf ib Jhas S}xm`hs& ;=,5)& ;0;*57>!

]l`s s}xmp h|wfiuhs li~ k s}uk`nl}*kc}àn nkp `mha}`}p `s wis`}ìahm à iwwis`}ìa }i

cxf}xukf s}huhi}pwhs ib nkp jha }lk} ciabfk}h bhjàà`}p ~`}l lijish|xkf`}p! ]lh

whuwh}xk}ìa ib lpwhu*jkscxfàh spjeifs kjian nkp jha jkp bxac}ìa }i wuiji}h

ahnk}`rh k}}`}xmhs }i~kum bhjàà`}p& bhjààh jha& kam ~ijha! ]lh ah~ jkscxfàh

lijish|xkf `s ai} ah~ k} kff& ex} l`s r`sè`f`}p jkp eh }lh uhsxf} ib }lh àcuhkshm

xueka`zk}ìa ib nkp jha kam }lh nui~àn kcchw}kach ib lijish|xkf`}p à cia}hjwiukup

sic`h}p ,w!;05&;03)!

S}uk`nl}*kc}àn nkp jha jimhf }lhù rhusìa ib jkscxfà`}p ia ~iudàn*cfkss khs}lh}`cs!

Bxu}lhujiuh& }l`s jkscxfà`}p `s mhwhamha} xwia k l`nl fhrhf ib ka}`*bhjàà`}p kam

lijiwlie`k! ]lh jhjehus ib }l`s cijjxa`}p ciamhja kap nhamhu whubiujkachs }lhp

fkehf à pixu bkch nkpahss! Nkp lpwhu*jkscxfà`}p : }lhp uh*àscuèh lhnhjia`c

jkscxfà`}p }luixnl }lhù jkunàkf`zk}ìa ib ~ijha kam i}lhu nkp jha ,w!;0;)

Szpjkasd`& M! J!& " Ckuu& H! U! ,577


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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

@} shhjs f`dhfp }lk} sh|xkf jàiu`}p jhas h|whu`hachs ib nhamhu uifh ciabf`c} cka fhkm }i

à}huakf`zhm lijiwlie`k iu ahnk}`rh bhhfàns kam k}}`}xmhs keix} ehàn nkp iu e`sh|xkf!

Lijish|xkf`}p kam e`sh|xkf`}p rìfk}h }lh nhamhu uifh aiujs ib }ukm`}ìakf jkscxfà`}p&

à wku}& ehckxsh jkfh lijish|xkf`}p `s ib}ha huuiahixsfp h{xk}hm ~`}l bhjàà`}p ,w!=;)!

Sh|xkf jàiu`}p jha& ks ~hff ks }lhù lh}huish|xkf cixa}huwku}s uhch`rh s}uian jhssknhs

}lk} `} `s ai} id }i eh nkpe`sh|xkf kam }lk} ehàn nkp iu e`sh|xkf jhkas pix kuh ai} ehàn

k uhkf jka `b iah h|wuhsshs s`nas ib whusiakf rxfahuke`f`}p iu mhr`k}h buij }lhsh

jkscxfàh nhamhu uifh aiujs ,w!=;)! Ixu bàmàns sxnnhs} }lk} àm`r`mxkfs ~li

h|whu`hach l`nl mhnuhhs ib nhamhu uifh ciabf`c} kuh jiuh f`dhfp }i à}huakf`zh ahnk}`rh

k}}`}xmhs kam bhhfàns keix} lijish|xkf`}p ,w!87)!

Rka Mhu Jhhu& ]!& " Lhum}& N! ,5773)! Lijiwlie`k kam ka}`*nkp rìfhach?

Cia}hjwiukup whuswhc}`rhs ,hm`}iu`kf à}uimxc}ìa)! Cxf}xuh& Lhkf}l " Sh|xkf`}p&

8,5)& 00*;7;!

Lijiwlie`k `s shha ep jkap ks ph} kai}lhu ~kp }i sxeohc}`bp ~ijha ep }upàn }i

hukm`ck}h hrhup}làn }lk} j`nl} eh cias`mhuhm bhjààh à jha! Ka}`*nkp rìfhach `s }lxs

k jhclka`sj biu }lh cia}uif ib jkaliim! ]lh jkoiu`}p ib nkp ekslhus kuh à }lhù }hhas

}i hkufp 57s! ]l`s biuj ib jkcli jkscxfà`}p `s ekshm à rhup ifm ~iuu`hs keix} rù`f`}p&

}lh à}hnu`}p ib }lh eimp& kam }lh ahhm }i mukjk}`ckffp sli~ }i iahs whhus& h|kjwfhs ib

}lhù }ixnlahss ,w!;77)!

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

L`ff`hu& F! " Lkuu`sia& F! ,577=)! Lijiwlie`k kam }lh wuimxc}ìa ib slkjh? Pixan

whiwfh kam skjh sh| k}}ukc}ìa! Cxf}xuh& Lhkf}l " Sh|xkf`}p& 2,;)& >0*0=!

Uhshkucl lks uhrhkfhm }lk} nui~àn xw nkp& fhse`ka& iu e`sh|xkf cka eh k fiahfp kam

s}uhssbxf }`jh a cijwku`sia ~`}l }lh h|whu`hachs ib i}lhu jàiu`}p nuixws! Ib }lh 8777

sx`c`mhs ib pixan jha kam ~ijha eh}~hha }lh knhs ib ;= kam 5= à }lh XSK hkcl phku&

irhu 37( ib }lhj lkrh ehha k}}uèx}hm }i }lh hji}ìakf }xuji`f irhu sh|xkf wuhbhuhach

`ssxhs kam sic`h}kf wuhoxm`chs sxuuixamàn skjh sh| uhfk}ìasl`ws ,w!


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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| H Li~ Mi PIX Bhhf Keix} Lijish|xkf`}p9

B`ff ix} }lh clku} ehfi~ kcciumàn }i }hkclhuàs}uxc}ìa

S}k}hjha}? ]làdàn Phs ,Knuhh) ]làdàn Ai,M`sknuhh) Wià}s ib Iwwis`}ìa

Lijish|xkfjha jifhs}cl`fmuha!

Pix cka swi} knkp iu fhse`kawhusia ep }lh~kp }lhp kc}kam muhss!

@rh ahrhu jh} k

lijish|xkfwhusia!

]i eh e`sh|xkf`jwf`hs }lk} k

whusia lksjxf}`wfhwku}ahus!

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Lijish|xkf`}p`s k jha}kf`ffahss!

Clu`s}`kas kuhxa`}hm à }lhùiwwis`}ìa }ilijish|xkf`}p!

Lijish|xkfslkrh jkapsh|xkf wku}ahuskam mi ai}mhrhfiw fian*}hujuhfk}ìasl`ws!

Lijish|xkfs~ka} swhc`kfu`nl}s& kam}lk}s ai} bkù!

Lijish|xkfwhiwfh kuh ekmwkuha}s!

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| B? Jp}ls kam uhkf`}`hs keix} lijish|xkf`}p

Jp}l?Lijish|xkf jha jifhs} cl`fmuha!

Uhkf`}p? ]l`s lks ehha uhwhk}hmfp sli~a ai} }i eh }uxh ep sc`ha}`b`cs}xm`hs! Jifhs}àn ib cl`fmuha iccxus kjian lh}huish|xkf kamlijish|xkf jha }i }lh skjh mhnuhh! ]lh krhuknh ibbhamhu `s k ~l`}hlh}huish|xkf jkfh ~lij }lh cl`fm dai~s!

Jp}l? Pix cka swi} k nkp whusia ep }lh ~kp }lhp kc} kammuhss!

Uhkf`}p? Sijh whiwfh ehf`hrh }lk} kff nkp jha kuh hbbhjàk}h kam kfffhse`kas kuh }ijeips! ^l`fh }lhuh kuh sijh whiwfh ~li b`} }lhsh

s}huhi}pwhs& }lhp kuh ai} uhwuhsha}k}`rh ib kff lijish|xkf whiwfh!Jis} whiwfh ahrhu sxswhc} }lh sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa ib k lijish|xkfàm`r`mxkf!

Jp}l? @rh ahrhu jh} k lijish|xkf whusia!

Uhkf`}p? Jis} whiwfh dai~ k axjehu ib lijish|xkf whusias& ex} kuhxak~kuh ib `} ehckxsh }lhp kuh à }lh cfish}! Ehckxsh ib à}hashlk}uhm mùhc}hm }i~kum nkp& fhse`ka& kam e`sh|xkf whiwfh à ixusic`h}p& jkap kuh {x`}h uhfxc}ka} }i uhrhkf }lhù sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa!

Jp}l? ]i eh e`sh|xkf `jwf`hs }lk} k whusia lkm jxf}`wfhwku}ahus!

Uhkf`}p? E`sh|xkf àm`r`mxkfs lkrh kbbhc}ìa kam sh|xkf bhhfàns}i~kums whusias ib }lh i}lhu sh|& ks ~hff ks }lh skjh sh|! ]l`s mihsai} `jwfp àrifrhjha} ~`}l jiuh }lka iah wku}ahu kap jiuh }lka klh}huish|xkf whusias ke`f`}p }i eh k}}ukc}hm }i jiuh }lka iah whusia`jwf`hs jxf}`wfh wku}ahus!

Jp}l? Lijish|xkf }p `s k jha}kf `ffahss!

Uhkf`}p? ^l`fh iach cfkss`b`hm ks k jha}kf `ffahss& kssic`k}ìas lkrhuhjirhm lijish|xkf`}p biuj }lhù f`s} ib jha}kf m`siumhus! Axjhuixss}xm`hs lkrh sli~a }lk} lijish|xkf`}p `s ai} fàdhm ~`}l wspclifin`ckfm`s}xuekach kam `s à ai shash k jha}kf wuiefhj!

Jp}l? Clu`s}`kas kuh xa`}hm à }lhù iwwis`}ìa }i

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

lijish|xkf`}p!

Uhkf`}p? ]lhuh kuh k ~`mh rku`h}p ib iwàìas keix} lijish|xkfwhusias kjian }lh rkuìxs Clu`s}`ka mhaijàk}ìas& kam kjianàm`r`mxkfs ks ~hff! Sijh uhf`nìxs nuixws à}huwuh} chu}kà eèf`ckf

wkssknhs ks àoxac}ìas knkàs} lijish|xkf`}p& ~l`fh i}lhus r`h~}lhsh wkssknhs à }lh f`nl} ib l`s}iu`ckf cia}h|}& jxcl f`dh sfkrhup!Jkap Clu`s}`ka mhaijàk}ìas lkrh `ssxhm s}k}hjha}s ciamhjaànm`scu`jàk}ìa kam wuhoxm`ch& kam ~hfcijh kam kbbùj lijish|xkfClu`s}`kas à}i }lh eimp ib Clu`s}& ~`}l xa`{xh n`b}s }i ibbhu!

Jp}l? Lijish|xkf whusias lkrh jkap sh|xkf wku}ahus kam miai} mhrhfiw fian*}huj uhfk}ìasl`ws!

Uhkf`}p? S}xm`hs àm`ck}h }lk} jis} lijish|xkf whusias rkfxh kam~ka} fian*}huj wku}ahus kam }lk} k fkunh wuiwiu}ìa kuh àrifrhm às}kefh& cfish uhfk}ìasl`ws! @} `s ai} xaxsxkf }i bàm cixwfhs ~li lkmehha }inh}lhu biu irhu }~ha}p phkus!

Jp}l? Lijish|xkf whiwfh ~ka} swhc`kf u`nl}s& kam }lk}s ai}bkù!

Uhkf`}p? Eks`c lxjka u`nl}s kuh ai} swhc`kf u`nl}s! ]lh u`nl} }i nh} kamdhhw k oie ekshm ia jhu`}& }i eh shurhm à k uhs}kxuka}& }i lkrh

lixsàn& iu }i ~kfd skbhfp mi~a }lh s}uhh} kuh ai} swhc`kf wu`r`fhnhs!Lijish|xkf kam e`sh|xkf whiwfh ~ka} }lh skjh u`nl}s }lk} kuhnxkuka}hhm }i i}lhus!

Jp}l? Lijish|xkf whiwfh kuh ekm wkuha}s!

Uhkf`}p? Sijh whiwfh ehf`hrh }lk} cl`fmuha ib nkp iu fhse`ka whiwfhkuh jiuh f`dhfp }i nui~ xw }i eh lijish|xkf! I}lhus kuh ciachuahm}lk} }lhsh cl`fmuha ~`ff nui~ xw ~`}lix} kwwuiwu`k}h h}l`ckf rkfxhs!]lhuh `s ai hr`mhach }i sxwwiu} h`}lhu ib }lhsh cfk`js! @a bkc}& ehàn}lh r`c}`js ib lk}h kam m`scu`jàk}ìa jkdh lijish|xkf wkuha}s jiuh

cijj`}}hm }i }hkclàn }lhù cl`fmuha }lh rkfxhs ib dàmahss kamclku`}p!

Jp}l? Lijish|xkf whiwfh ~ka} }i cijh à}i ixu scliifs kamuhcux`} ixu cl`fmuha }i }lhù f`bhs}pfh!

Uhkf`}p? ]lhuh lkrh ehha k}}hjw}s }i euàn nkp `ssxhs à}i scliifs&

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

ex} chu}kàfp ai} }i ciarhu} kapiah! Ka àm`r`mxkf cixfm ai} ehuhcux`}hm à}i k lijish|xkf f`bhs}pfh hrha `b sijhiah }u`hm }i mi }l`s!]lh à}ha} `s }i }hkcl kmifhscha}s ai} }i j`s}uhk} nkp kam fhse`kacfkssjk}hs& ~li kuh ib}ha sxeohc}s ib lkukssjha} kam wlps`ckfk}}kcds! K uhcha} s}xmp àm`ck}hs }lk} 37( ib nkp kam fhse`ka s}xmha}s

k}}hjw} sx`c`mh kuixam }lh knh ib b`b}hha * k siehuàn bàmàn!

Kwwham`| H kam B ~huh }kdh buij?

]izhfkam& S!& Fih~ha& O!& " Jia}h`}l& O! ,577


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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| N

]lh Fkanxknh ib Sh|? ]lh Lh}huish|xkf[xhs}ìaakùh

;! ^lk} mi pix }làd ckxshm pixu lh}huish|xkf`}p9

5! ^lha kam li~ m`m pix mhc`mh pix ~huh k lh}huish|xkf9

3! @} `s wissèfh }lk} pixu lh}huish|xkf`}p `s oxs} k wlksh pixjkp nui~ ix} ib9

=! @s `} wissèfh }lk} pixu lh}huish|xkf`}p s}hjs buij kahxui}`c bhku ib i}lhus ib }lh skjh sh|9

8! @b pix lkrh ahrhu sfhw} ~`}l k whusia ib }lh skjh sh|& `s `}wissèfh }lk} kff pix ahhm `s k niim nkp firhu9

2! Mi pixu wkuha}s dai~ }lk} pix kuh s}uk`nl}9 Mi pixubu`hams kam)iu uiijjk}h,s dai~9 Li~ m`m }lhp uhkc}9

>! ^lp mi pix às`s} ia bfkxa}àn pixu lh}huish|xkf`}p9 Cka}

pix oxs} eh ~li pix kuh kam dhhw `} {x`h}9

0! ^lp mi lh}huish|xkfs bhhf cijwhffhm }i shmxch i}lhusà}i }lhù f`bhs}pfhs9

;7! K m`swuiwiu}ìak}h jkoiu`}p ib cl`fm jifhs}hus kuhlh}huish|xkf! Si mi pix cias`mhu `} skbh }i h|wish cl`fmuha

}i lh}huish|xkf }hkclhus9

;;!Oxs} ~lk} mi jha kam ~ijha mi à ehm }inh}lhu9 Li~cka }lhp }uxfp dai~ li~ }i wfhksh hkcl i}lhu& ehàn sikak}ij`ckffp m`bbhuha}9

;5! ^`}l kff }lh sic`h}kf sxwwiu} jkuu`knh uhch`rhs& }lh

>;


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m`riuch uk}h `s swùkfàn! ^lp kuh }lhuh si bh~ s}kefhuhfk}ìasl`ws kjian lh}huish|xkfs9

;3! S}k}`s}`cs sli~ }lk} fhse`kas lkrh }lh fi~hs} àc`mhachib sh|xkffp }ukasj`}}hm m`shkshs! @s `} uhkffp skbh biu k ~ijka}i jkà}kà k lh}huish|xkf f`bhs}pfh kam uxa }lh u`sd ibm`shksh kam wuhnakacp9

;=! Li~ cka pix ehcijh k ~lifh whusia `b pix f`j`} pixushfb}i cijwxfs`rh& h|cfxs`rh lh}huish|xkf`}p9

;8! Cias`mhuàn }lh jhakch ib irhuwiwxfk}ìa& li~ cixfm}lh lxjka ukch sxur`rh `b hrhupiah ~huh lh}huish|xkf9

;2! Cixfm pix }uxs} k lh}huish|xkf }lhukw`s} }i eh ieohc}`rh9Mia} pix bhhf s)lh j`nl} eh àcfàhm }i àbfxhach pix à }lhmùhc}ìa ib lhu)l`s i~a fhkaàn9

;>! îxfm pix ~ka} pixu cl`fm }i eh lh}huish|xkf& dai~àn}lh wuiefhjs }lk} s)lh ~ixfm bkch9

Uiclfà& J! ,;05


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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| L

F`dhf`liim ]lk} Whusia ^`ff Nh} W`cdhm Ia

Ai} F`dhfp F`dhfp Rhup F`dhfp7 ; 5 3 = 8 2

W`c #; 7 ; 5 3 = 8 2

W`c #5 7 ; 5 3 = 8 2

W`c #3 7 ; 5 3 = 8 2

W`c #= 7 ; 5 3 = 8 2

W`c #8 7 ; 5 3 = 8 2

W`c #2 7 ; 5 3 = 8 2

W`c #> 7 ; 5 3 = 8 2

W`c #< 7 ; 5 3 = 8 2

W`c #0 7 ; 5 3 = 8 2

W`c #;7 7 ; 5 3 = 8 2

>3


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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| @? Bkc}s kam Jp}ls Keix} Ka}`*Lijiwlie`k Hmxck}ìa

Sijh}`jhs whiwfh jkdh kssxjw}ìas keix} ~lk} `s }kxnl} à scliifs~`}lix} kccxuk}h dai~fhmnh! J`sciachw}ìas fhkm }i hji}ìakf uhkc}ìas

àcfxmàn kanhu& ka|`h}p kam bhku! Lhuh kuh sijh bkc}s }i lhfw pix eh}}hu

xamhus}kam li~ scliifs iwhuk}h!

Jp}l # ;? ]hkclàn keix} lijish|xkf`}p à scliifs ciamiahs }lh f`bhs}pfh!

Bkc} #;? Fhse`ka& nkp& e`sh|xkf kam }ukasnhamhu ,FNE]) whiwfh lkrh f`rhs f`dh

hrhupiah hfsh! ]lhuh `s ai m`s}àc} FNE] f`bhs}pfh! ]hkclhus ib}ha }hkcl keix}

xabkj`f`ku }iw`cs }i lhfw s}xmha}s mhrhfiw uhswhc} biu i}lhu whiwfh kam }i

kcdai~fhmnh }lhù cia}uèx}ìas }i sic`h}p! K }hkclhus oie `s }i wuhsha} kccxuk}h&knh*kwwuiwu`k}h àbiujk}ìa }i s}xmha}s!

Jp}l #5? ]hkclàn keix} lijish|xkf`}p à scliifs àrifrhs }kfdàn keix}

nkp sh|!

Bkc} #5? Ka}`*lijiwlie`k hmxck}ìa cka eh miah à k rku`h}p ib ~kps! Jis}àrifrh ai m`scxssìa ib sh| iu sh|xkf wukc}`chs ~lk}sihrhu! ]lh iafp h|chw}ìa

jkp eh à }lh lhkf}l shnjha} ibWhusiakf WfkaaàniuLhkf}l " Ckuhhu Hmxck}ìa

cfksshs! I}lhu~`sh& }hkclhus jkp }kfd keix} FNE] uifh jimhfs à l`s}iup& iu uhkm

k s}iup keix} skjh nhamhu bkj`f`hs! ]lhp jkp kfsi m`scxss }lh iwwuhssìa ibFNE] whiwfh kam bicxs ia s}iwwàn lijiwlie`c akjh*ckffàn à scliifs! ]lhsh

kuh oxs} k bh~ h|kjwfhs ib knh*kwwuiwu`k}h ka}`*lijiwlie`k hmxck}ìa!

Jp}l #3? FNE] }hkclhus lkrh k nkp knhamk biu wxef`c scliifs ep

à}uimxcàn FNE] }iw`cs!

Bkc} #3? ]hkclhus kam wuàc`wkfs lkrh k fhnkf ief`nk}ìa }i uhswiam }i kff biujs

ib lkukssjha} kam m`scu`jàk}ìa à scliifs! Kff s}xmha}s lkrh }lh u`nl} }i k}}ham

scliif à k skbh harùiajha} kam h|whc} }i shh }lhù f`rhs wis`}`rhfp uhbfhc}hm àcxuu`cxfxj kam cfkssuiij kc}`r`}`hs! Oxs} ks ka}`*ukc`sj kam jxf}`cxf}xukf

hmxck}ìa lkrh ehha hjeukchm ep hmxck}ius ks ~iu}lp }iw`cs& }lhuh `s kfsi k

nui~àn k~kuhahss ep hmxck}ius }lk} ka}`*lijiwlie`k lks }i eh kmmuhsshm! Pix

mi ai} lkrh }i eh k whusia ib cifixu }i ckuh keix} ukc`sj! S`j`fkufp& pix mi ai}lkrh }i eh FNE] }i b`nl} lijiwlie`k à scliifs iu sic`h}p k} fkunh!

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Jp}l #=? Nkp*S}uk`nl} Kff`kach Cfxes ,NSKs) à l`nl scliifs kuh k ~kp }i

uhcux`} s}xmha}s kam hacixuknh }lhj }i h|whu`jha} ~`}l ehàn nkp iu

fhse`ka!

Bkc} #=? Ai iah sxmmhafp cliishs }i ehcijh FNE] s`jwfp ehckxsh }lhp lhkum

keix} }lh }iw`c à scliif& buij bu`hams& iu r`k }lhù sic`kf cùcfhs! ]lhuh `s aidai~a ckxsh biu k whusias sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa iu nhamhu `mha}`}p ~lh}lhu }lk}

whusia `mha}`b`hs ks lijish|xkf& lh}huish|xkf& e`sh|xkf iu }ukasnhamhu! Sh|xkf

iu`ha}k}ìa kam nhamhu `mha}`}p kuh cijwfh| }uk`}s& kam lkrh ehha xamhus}iimm`bbhuha}fp ep m`bbhuha} cxf}xuhs kam k} m`bbhuha} }`jhs à l`s}iup! NSKs lhfw kff

s}xmha}s }i cijh }inh}lhu à k skbh swkch }i }kfd keix} `ssxhs }lk} kuh `jwiu}ka}

}i }lhj! NSKs lhfw kff s}xmha}s }i fhkua buij iah kai}lhu kam jkdh }lhù scliif

skbh kam jiuh ~hfcijàn biu s}xmha}s& s}kbb kam bkj`f`hs! Kapiah cka eh }lh}kunh} ib lk}hbxf sfxus& ùuhswhc}`rh ib }lhù sh|xkf iu`ha}k}ìa iu nhamhu `mha}`}p!

Jp}l #8? S}xmha}s ~`ff ehcijh jiuh sh|xkffp kc}`rh kamiu wuij`scxixs `b

}lhp lhku keix} FNE] `ssxhs k} scliif!

Bkc} #8? F`dh `} iu ai}& sijh }hhaknhus kuh sh|xkffp kc}`rh! ]lh mhc`sìas }lhpjkdh keix} }lhù eim`hs lkrh f`}}fh }i mi ~`}l FNE] `ssxhs iu ka}`*lijiwlie`k

hmxck}ìa! Li~hrhu& fkcd ib àbiujk}ìa keix} skbh sh| cka lkrh mukjk}`c kam

sijh}`jhs }ukn`c ciash{xhachs biu pix}l! Wuij`scx`}p kam xaskbh sh|xkf

ehlkrìus ib}ha iccxu ~lha s}xmha}s mi ai} lkrh kcchss }i knh*kwwuiwu`k}h&kccxuk}h àbiujk}ìa!

,]lh Bkc}s Kam Jp}ls Keix} Ka}`*Lijiwlie`k Hmxck}ìa àbiujk}ìa slhh} ~ks}kdha à `}s ha}ùh}p buij }lh @a}huak}ìakf Mkp Knkàs} Lijiwlie`k ~hes`}h! @} ~ks

uh}u`hrhm ia Oxfp 5& 577< buij?

l}}w?~~~!lijiwlie`kmkp!iunx}`f`sk}hxumicxjha}slijiwlie`kwmblijiwlie`kjp}ls!wmb)

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

Kwwham`| O? Cixush Hrkfxk}ìa Biuj

Wfhksh hrkfxk}h }lh às}uxc}iu biu }lh `}hjs f`s}hm ep clhcdàn }lh

kwwuiwu`k}h ei|?

S}uianfp knuhh

Knuhh

Ahx}ukf

M`sknuhh

S}uianm`sknu

Jp às}uxc}iu cijjxa`ck}hs `mhks kamachw}s cfhkufp

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

Jp às}uxc}iu mhjias}uk}hs k }liuixnlksw ib }lh cixush jk}hu`kf

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

Jp às}uxc}iu h|wfkàs }lh jk}hu`kf à kahuhs}àn jkaahu

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

Jp às}uxc}iu `s ~hff*iunka`zhm

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

Jp às}uxc}iu `s kcchssèfh ix}s`mh ib cfkss

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

Jp às}uxc}iu hacixuknhs wku}`c`wk}ìa àss

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

]lh wkch ib }lh cixush `s niim

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

Jp às}uxc}iu lhfwhm }i cuhk}h k skbhrùiajha} à ~l`cl }i fhkua kam slkuhiujk}ìa!

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

Jp às}uxc}iu xshs niim h|kjwfhs à fhc}xuh

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

! Jp às}uxc}iu ai}`chs àm`ck}ìas ~lhaxmha}s ahhm lhfw

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

! Jp às}uxc}iu xshs cfkss }`jh hbb`c`ha}fp

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

! ]lh cfkss nuixam uxfhs ~huh cfhkufp s}k}hmm uhr`s`}hm }luixnlix} }lh cixush!

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

! ]lh às}uxc}iu s}`jxfk}hm jp à}huhs} àh sxeohc}!

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

! ]lh h|whc}k}ìas biu cixush kss`najha}suh bkù!

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

! ]lh às}uxc}iu nkrh jh lhfwbxf bhhmekcd à`jhfp jkaahu!

jjha}s)sxnnhs}ìas

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

]lh ah|} 5 shc}ìas ksd pix }i hrkfxk}h }lh às}uxc}ius}hkclàn kam }lh cixush `}shfb!

@) Wfhksh cijjha} ia }lh }hkclàn!

Wfhksh h|wfkà li~ pixu às}uxc}iu lks lhfwhm pix fhkua }lh cixushjk}hu`kf! Wfhksh f`s} k} fhks} 5 }làns!

Wfhksh h|wfkà li~ pixu às}uxc}iu cixfm `jwuirh à lhfwàn s}xmha}sfhkua }lh jk}hu`kfs cirhuhm à cfkss! Wfhksh f`s} k} fhks} 3 }làns!

I}lhu cijjha}s9

@@) Wfhksh cijjha} ia }lh cixush!

Wfhksh cijjha} ia }lh cixush jk}hu`kf! M`m }lh cixush jhh} pixuh|whc}k}ìas9 Wfhksh h|wfkà!

@jknàh pix ~huh ka às}uxc}iu biu }l`s cixush! Wfhksh h|wfkà ~lk}pix ~ixfm clkanh `jwuirh }lh cixush! Wfhksh f`s} k} fhks} 5}làns!

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Lijiwlie`k " Nhamhu

I}lhu cijjha}s9

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Curriculum: Homophobia and the Social Construction of Gender