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CURRICULUM VITAE
SECTION 1
I. (a) Name: Moses Kayode OMOLE
(b) Date of Birth: 14th December 1947
(c) Department: Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration
(d) Faculty: Pharmacy
(e) College: Not applicable
II. (a) First Academic Appointment: Lecturer II – 4th July, 1976- 4th June, 1978
University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University)
Lecturer I - 25th November 1991
University of Ibadan
(b) Present Post (with date): Senior Lecturer – Oct. 1st 1997
(c) Date of last promotion: Oct. 1st 1997
(d) Date last considered (in cases where promotion was not through): Nil
III. University Education (with dates):
(a) Elmira College, Elmira N. Y. 14901 U. S. A. September 1969 - June 1971
(b) Howard University, College of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington DC U.S.A. September 1971 – May 1974
(c) University of the Pacific (U.O.P.) Stockton
California U.S.A. September 1974 – August 1975
IV. Academic Qualifications (with dates and granting bodies)
(a) B.Sc. Honours Chemistry Elmira College Elmira N.Y. June 1971
(b) B.Sc. Pharm Honours Howard University,
Washington DC June 1974
(c) Pharm D University of the Pacific
Stockton California U. S. A. August 1975
2
V. Professional Qualifications and Diploma (with dates)
(a) Registered Pharmacist California Board of Pharmacy U. S.A. 1975
(b) Registered Pharmacist Pharmacists Board in Nigeria 1976
VI. Scholarships, Fellowships and Prizes (with dates) in respect of Undergraduate and
Postgraduate work only.
(b) Elmira College Scholarship to study at Elmira College
New York USA 1969
(c) Dean List, Elmira College and best Science graduating student from
Elmira College, New York 1970-1971
(d) Job at Arnot Ogden Memorial Hospital Elmira New York for the
Best Science graduate from Elmira College 1971 (June)
(e) One of the most outstanding employees award by Arnot Ogden
Memorial Hospital Elmira New York U.S.A. 1971 (Sept)
(f) Dean list, Howard University 1972-1974
(g) Howard University Scholarship to study Pharmacy 1971-1974
(h) Merck Sharp & Dorme (MSD) Award for the best three graduating
students of Pharmacy from Howard University USA 1974
(1) Best student prize in Pharmaceutical Chemistry from Howard
University USA 1974
(j) National [Merck Sharp & Dorme (MSD)] Award (U.S.A.) for the first
student from UOP to successfully formulate Paraminobenzoic
acid (PABA) a sunscreen and suntan agent in Aerosol solution with
Bioavalability test indicating non toxicity to the skin PABA in
Aerosol form is freely marketed now in the United States
First time in history that PABA was formulated into Aerosol was in
1975 prior to that time PABA was available in Ointment.
Lotion and cream formulations. This project was delivered as a faculty
Seminar at the University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University)
in October 25th 1977. 1975
VII. Honours, Distinctions and Membership of Learned Societies
(a) Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria (PSN)
(b) Nigeria Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA)
(c) California Pharmaceutical Association (CPA)
(d) Virgina Pharmaceutical Association (VPA)
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(e) Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) appointed committee member for the Establishment of
Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D) Degree Programme in the Faculties of Pharmacy in Nigeria
2003.
(f) Coordinator of the Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Clinical Pharmacy,
University of Ibadan 1994 – 1996.
(g) Acting Head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Clinical Pharmacy 1996
– 1998
(h) Acting Head, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, April 1st 2005
to March 31st, 2010.
(i) Coordinator of Master of Pharmacy (M.Pharm) programme Department of Clinical Pharmacy
and Pharmacy Administration 2003 till date.
(j) Member of International Research and Development Institute (IRDI)
(k) Reviewer for the following research referee journals
(i) African Journal of Biomedical research
(ii) Drug discovery & Technology
(iii) UI/UCH Ethics Committee – Institute of Advanced Medical Research
& Training (IAMRAT)
(iv) Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
(v) International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences
VIII. Details of Teaching Experience at University level
A. University of Ife (Now Obafemi Awolowo University)
1976 – 1978
Undergraduates:
(a) Pharmaceutical Technology 400L
(b) Pharmaceutical Dispensing 200L & 300L
(c) Supervision of 8 undergraduate students in the department of pharmaceutics
(d) Member of Pilot drug and production research unit
B. University of Ibadan
1991 - 2012
Undergraduate:
(a) CLI 401 (3 units): Clinical Pharmacy I (Pharmacotherapy and Pharmacokinetics)
(b) CLI 402 (2 units): Practical Clinical Pharmacy and Tutorials I (Externship programme)
(c) SAP 402 (2 units): Pharmacy Laws and Ethics
4
(d) CLI 501 (2 units): Clinical Pharmacy II (Pharmacotherapy and Pharmacokinetics)
(e) CLI 502 (2 units): Practical Clinical Pharmacy and Tutorials II (Clerkship programme,
Hospital wardround teachings and seminar presentations)
Supervision of a total of 44 undergraduate B Pharm projects
C. University of Ibadan
2003 - 2012
Postgraduate:
(a) CLIP 701(2 units): Therapeutic drug monitoring
(b) CLIP 702 (3 units): Communication skills and patient counseling
(c) CLIP 703 (3 units): Drug Information Services
(d) CLIP 705 (3 units): Clinical Pharmacy Clerkship - (Hospital ward round)
(e) CLIP 706 (6 units): Project in Clinical Pharmacy - (Hospital & community Pharmacies
based)
(f) CLIP 708 (4 units): Advanced pharmacotherapeutics
(g) CLIP 709 (2units): Seminar presentations
(h) CLIP 710 (2units): Clinical laboratory test and Interpretation (Laboratory course)
Supervision of a total of 56 Postgraduate M.Sc Clinical pharmacy projects.
D. University of Ibadan
2009 - 2012
Postgraduate:
+ Supervision of 6 PhD students dissertation.
1. The causes and prevention of prescribing errors in selected tertiary hospital in Nigeria.
Adetutu Adebambo Ajemigbitse
Supervisors – Dr. M.K. Omole and Prof. W.O. Erhun.
*** PhD completed , defended and granted, July 13th 2014.
2. Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on selected organs of HAART Naive
HIV- infected children born to HIV mothers in southern Nigeria. Ajulo Mathew Olugbenga.
Supervisors – Dr. M.K. Omole and Prof. J.O. Moody.
*** PhD completed , defended and granted, August 27th 2015.
3. Assessment of quality of life modified by antihypertensives in chronic kidney diseased elderly
patients at selected tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Sajo Grace Oluwakemi.
Supervisor – Dr. M.K. Omole.
4. Prevalence and determinants of polypharmacy amongst elderly patients in south west Nigeria.
Mopelola Ibidunni Ayeni.
Supervisor – Dr. M.K. Omole.
5
5. Evaluation of the provision of pharmaceutical care to breast cancer patients.
Onwusah Obehi Deborah.
Supervisors – Dr. M.K. Omole and Prof. Mrs P.C. Babalola
6. Assessment of pharmaceutical care aspect of antibiotics in the area of storage, dispensing and
counseling. Adeola Adebisi Michael.
Supervisors – Dr. M.K. Omole and Prof. A.O. Itiola.
E. University of Ibadan (during sabbatical)
2012/2013
Undergraduate:
Supervision of 1 undergraduate student project
Postgraduate:
(a) CLIP 708 (4 units) Advance phamacotherapeutics
(b) CLIP 709 (2 units) Seminar
(c) CLIP 710 (2 units) Clinical Laboratory tests and Interpretation- Laboratory course
F. Obafemi Awolowo University (sabbatical employment)
2001 – 2002
Undergraduate
(a) Pharmacotherapy
(b) Pharmacokinetics
(c) Externship programme in clinical pharmacy
(d) Clerkship programme in clinical pharmacy
G. Olabisi Onabanjo University (associate lecturer employment)
2004 – 2008
Undergraduates
PCL 401: Pharmacokinetics – 4hrs
H. Olabisi Onabanjo University (sabbatical employment)
2012 – 2013
Undergraduates
PCL 401: Pharmacokinetics I – 6hrs
6
PCL 402: Pharmacokinetics II – 6hrs
PCL 500: Project – 6 students
PCL 502: Public Health Pharmacy – 5hrs
PCL 504: Clinical Toxixology – 5hrs
PCL 505: Clinical Pharmacy Clerkship (Obstetrics & Gynecology group) – 10hrs
I. Pharmacists council of Nigeria
Continuing Education in Pharmacy (1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007 -2009) at
(a) University of Ibadan
(b) Obafemi Awolowo University
(c) Olabisi Onabanjo University
In the following subject areas:
1. Pharmaceutical Care Concept – 3hrs
2. Essential Drugs and Primary Health Care – 3hrs
3. Pharmacoeconomics – 3hrs
4. Drug Information and drug Information Services – 6hrs
5. Communication Skills – 4hrs
6. Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Shock & Stroke – 3hrs
7. National Health Insurance Scheme – 1hr
7
SECTION 2
IX. Research
(a) Completed
1. Case studies reports on rational drug treatment on hypertension, congestive heart failure
and atrial fibrillation.
Ref: Publications 3, 4 & 5.
2. Pharmacotherapeutic evaluation of rational drug use in the management of hypertension,
malaria, diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, asthma, hemorrhoids and pregnancy
at the primary, secondary and tertiary health care centers and in various community
pharmacies in south west Nigeria
Ref: Publications 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 28, 34, 36 & 38.
3. The degree of compliance/non-compliance and adherence with prescribed drug regimen in
hypertensives, diabetics, asthmatics, HIV patients in tertiary hospitals in southwest
Nigeria.
Ref: Publications 8, 10, 14, 26, 27, 29 & 41(published by Wulfenia Journals in Austria
September, 2012)
4. Pharmacoecomics evaluation of drugs in the treatment of infections, malaria at tertiary
medical centers in southwest Nigeria
Ref: Publications 19 & 37.
5. Assessment with case studies the rational use of drugs among patients with ischemic heart
disease, congestive heart failure, asthma and diabetes mellitus.
Ref: Publications 20, 30, 31, 32 & 33
6. Pharmacoepidemology studies on complementary and alternative medicines used among
cancer patients in selected tertiary health facilities in southwest Nigeria.
Ref: Publications 24 & 25.
7. Studies of relevance on the establishment of drug information centers at secondary and
tertiary hospitals in southwest Nigeria.
Ref: Publications 35 & 42(in progress).
8(a) Chapter on diabetes mellitus in the Therapeutic Basis of Clinical Pharmacy in the
Tropics 2nd, 3rd and 4th editions.
8
8(b) Three chapters (pharmaceutical care concept, essential drug & primary health care and
pharmacoeconomics) in Continuing Education in Pharmacy Monograph No 2 (Module 1
& Elective E 4) published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University (2007)
(b) In Progress
1. Studies of relevance on the establishment of drug information centers at secondary and
tertiary hospitals in southwest Nigeria.
2. A co – authored textbook to be called ‘Pharmacotherapy in Clinical Pharmacy
Practice.’
3. Pharmacokinetics appraisals of Essential Drugs used in the Primary and Secondary
Health Care Centers in Nigeria.
9
Research Focus
My research focus were in the area of pharmacotherapy, pharmacoeconomics and pharmacokinetics studies on
rational use of drugs. The studies were conducted in health care facilities including the primary, secondary,
tertiary hospitals and the community pharmacies. The goal was to provide and promote pharmaceutical care.
“Pharmaceutical care” is an all-encompassing term that directs professional practice activities toward improving
patient outcomes from medication use. Pharmaceutical care, with its emphasis on ensuring safe, appropriate, and
cost-effective medication use, is an important catalyst in moving pharmacy practice toward patient-centered
activities. My studies focused on the various activities of pharmaceutical care including focusing on patient
outcomes, caring for individual patient, monitoring patient therapy, documenting assessments and actions,
developing a proactive attitude, maintaining consistent standards of practice and competence, communicating
with patients and health care professionals and ensuring a cost effective approach to treatment.
Another definition of pharmaceutical care is “the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of
achieving predefined, definite outcomes that improve a patients’ quality of life. These outcomes are meant to cure
a patient’s disease, arrest or slow disease process, reduce or eliminate symptoms, or prevent disease or symptoms
of disease. My studies had contributed to achieving these outcomes by identifying actual and potential medication
related problems, and resolved actual problems while preventing the development of potential ones.
My studies, while intended to solve medication related problems including drug-drug interactions, drug-nutrients
interactions and adverse drug effects had also ensured medication compliance since medication non-compliance
has a far greater impact on health care than any other medication problem.
My studies also focused on activities to enhance pharmaceutical care. These include
1. Individual patient responsibilities, such as developing a caring attitude, accept professional responsibility,
monitor for drug misadventures including adverse drug effects and inadequate drug efficiency, and use
available patient information.
2. Professional responsibilities such as standardize documentation of professional services, secure third
party reimbursement that delineates cognitive services from products, increase public relations and
professional visibility, develop intersite communication among pharmacies (hospital and community) and
revise pharmacy practice acts to promote pharmaceutical care.
3. Pharmacy management responsibilities, such as redesign the physical layouts of pharmacies to allow for
better patient communication, enhance patient contact, develop pharmacists training and retraining
programmes and use patient “call backs” to monitor patients’ progress after starting therapy especially
with antibiotics.
10
X Publications
(a) Books already published - nil
(b) Chapter in Books already Published
(1a) C. Nze. Aguwa, and Omole M. K. (1996). Diabetes Mellitus – Endocrine Disease, In
Therapeutic Basis of Clinical Pharmacy in the Tropics 2nd Edition Pg. 231 – 248.
Optional Publisher Enugu. (Edited by C. N. Aguwa) Nigeria (50%)
(1b) C. Nze. Aguwa and Omole M. K. (2001) Diabetes Mellitus - An Endocrine Disease.
In Therapeutic Basis of Clinical Pharmacy in the Tropics 3rd Edition Pg. 302 – 327 .
Snaap press Ltd. Enugu. (Edited by C. N. Aguwa) Nigeria (50%)
(1c) C. Nze. Aguwa and Omole M. K. (2012) Diabetes Mellitus - An Endocrine Disease.
In Therapeutic Basis of Clinical Pharmacy in the Tropics 4th Edition Pg. 349-370.
Snaap press Ltd. Enugu. (Edited by C. N. Aguwa) Nigeria (50%)
(c) Articles that have already appeared in Referred Conference Proceedings: Nil
(d) Patients: Nil
(e) Articles that have already appeared in Learned Journals
(2) Omole M. K. (1978) Evaluation of Ingredients Commonly used in the preparation of
Antacid in Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy 8 (2) 36 – 40.Nigeria (100%)
(3) Omole M. K. (1992) – Case report on Hypertension. The Nigerian Journal of
Pharmacy. 23(3) 51 – 52. Nigeria (100%)
(4) Omole M. K. (1998) – Quinidine in the treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: A case report.
Afr. J. Biomed Res. 1: 81 – 84. Nigeria (100%)
(5) Omole M. K. (1999). Management of Congestive heart failure (CHF): A case report
on Digoxin Afr. J. Biomed Res. 2 (1) 53 – 57. Nigeria (100%)
(6) O. M. Alabi, Omole M. K. O. O. Ayoola and A. A. Adepoju Bello (2006). Home
treatment practices of mothers of children with “Malaria” in an urban setting in South
Western Nigeria. West African Journal of Pharmacy 19 (1) 37 – 43. Nigeria (40%)
(7) Omole M. K. , O. M. Alabi and O. O. Ayoola (2007) Mothers Knowledge on the
cause, prevention and symptoms of malaria in a University Staff Clinic in an urban
setting in Southwestern Nigeria. Afr. J. Med. Sci 36: 49 – 55. Nigeria (70%)
(8) Omole M. K., A. A. Suberu and O. A. Itiola (2008) The degree of Non-compliance
with prescribed Drug regimen in Hypertensives Attending An Out Patient Clinic in a
Tertiary Hospital in South West Nigeria. West African Journal of Pharmacy
21 (1)17-20. Nigeria (70%)
11
(9) Omole M. K. and Onademuren O. T. (2010). A Survey of Antimalaria Drug Use
Practices among Urban Dwellers in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Afr. J. Biomed Res.13: 1-7.
Nigeria (75%)
(10) Omole M.K and Ilesanmi,N.A (2010) Patient Medication Knowledge Governing
Adherence to Asthma Pharmacotherapy: A Survey in Rural Lagos, Nigeria. Afr. J.
Biomed. Res.13: 93-98. Nigeria (80%)
(11) Omole M. K., Ogunbayo, Olufunke O. and Fasanmade, Adesoji A. (2010).
A Ten Year Study Of Management Of Chronic Heart Failure In A Tertiary Hospital In
South West Nigeria. Continental J. Pharmaceutical Sciences 4:18-27. Nigeria. (70%)
(12) Omole M. K. and A. I. Akanji (2010) Pharmacotherapy of Hypertension in Pregnancy
in a Secondary Hospital in South West Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical
Research 8 (1) 1-11. Nigeria. (80%)
(13) Omole M. K. and O. Oamen (2010) A Survey of the Rational Use of Artemisinin-
Based Combination Therapies (ACTs) for the Treatment of Malaria Among Health
Practitioners in Ogun State, South West Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical
Research . 8 (1) 84-91. Nigeria. (80%)
(14) Omole M. K. and A.A.Suberu (2010) Effect Of Educational Level On Hypertensive
Patients’ Compliance With Medication Regimen At A Tertiary Hospital In South
West Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 8 (1) 36-42. Nigeria.
(80%).
(15) Omole M. K. and O.D Onwusah (2011) A ten year study of the treatment of malaria in
pregnancy at a secondary hospital in South West Nigeria. Int J Pharm Res. 2(1) 22-25.
UK. (80%).
(16) Omole M. K. and Aminu Mohammad Zayyad (2011) Ten-year Pharmcotherapeutic
Study Of Antimalarial Drugs In The Treatment Of Hospitalized Children Under Five
Years At The Tertiary Hospital In South West Nigeria. International Journal of
Pharmacy&Technology. 3 (1)1825-1841. UK (75%).
(17) Omole M. K. and A. Adewumi (2011). A comparative pharmacotherapeutic study of
inhalers used in the management of asthma in South West Nigeria. Int J Pharm
Biomed Res. 2(1) 43-47. UK. (80%).
(18) Omole M.K. and Okoye. E.J. (2011). A Ten Year Study Of The Management Of
Malaria At A Tertiary Hospital In South West Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of
Pharmacy. 44(1) 56-63. Nigeria. (80%).
*(19) Omole M. K. and Ibrahim, Shehu Madara (2011) Pharmacoeconomics evaluation of
antimicrobial therapy at a secondary health facility in Minna, Northern Nigeria.
J. Pharm. Biomed. Sci., 1(6) 113-119. India. (80%).
12
*(20) Omole M. K. and Bello, Damilola Ebunoluwa. (2011) Case Studies Assessment on
Rational Use of Drugs among Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease at a Tertiary
Hospital in South West Nigeria. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical
Research. 5(1) 20-25. India (80%)
*(21) Omole M. K. and O. Ebitigha (2011) A ten-year study of pharmacotherapeutic
approach to tuberculosis at a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria. Int J Pharm
Biomed Res. 2(3) 153-157. UK (80%).
(22) Omole M. K. and Ebitigha, Omolara. (2011) Cure Rate Over A Ten Year Period With
Anti Tuberculosis Therapy At A Tertiary Hospital in South West Nigeria.
International Journal of Pharmacy & Technology. 3 (3) 3117-3129.
UK (80%).
(23) Omole M. K. and Oke, Grace O. (2011) A ten year study of the pharmacotherapy of
hypertension at a tertiary hospital in South Western Nigeria. Asian journal of
Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 5(1) 26 -29. India (80%)
(24) Ajulo M. O., Moody J. O., Omole M. K. and Moody I.O. (2011)
Profile of Cancer Patients Attending Tertiary Health Institutions in South Western
Nigeria. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 4(1) 34 – 37.
India (25%)
(25) Ajulo M. O., Moody J. O., Omole M. K. and Moody I.O. (2011). Complementary and
alternative medicine (CAM) use among cancer patients in selected tertiary facilities in
South Western Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Science
Research 1(1) 51-58. Nigeria (25%)
(26) Omole M. K., Ahwinawi, Ufuoma Shalom and ADELEYE Jokotade, (2012).
Knowledge of Disease and Adherence to Drug Therapy in Persons with Type 2
Diabetes and Hypertension. Global Journal of Medical Research. 12(2:1) 12-24.
USA (70%).
(27) Omole M. K., Adebayo, Sheriff Olalekan and Adisa Rasaq (2012). Investigation of
Factors Affecting Medication Adherence among People Living With HIV/AIDS under
Non-Governmental Organizations in Ibadan City, Nigeria. Journal of Pharmaceutical
and Biomedical Sciences. 21(19) 1-5. India (70%).
(28) Omole M. K. and Adeola Adebisi Michael (2012). A Study of Rational Prescriptions of
Penicillin and Cephalosporin Antibiotics in a Secondary Health Care Facility in South
West Nigeria. Global Journal of Medical Reasearch. 12(4:1) 1-7. USA (75%).
(29) Omole M. K. and Owodunni, Khadijat Oluwatoyin (2012). “Mothers' Knowledge Of
Immunization Programme And Factors Influencing Their Compliance at a Children
Hospital In South West Nigeria." International Journal of Medical Discovery.
4(4) 6 – 13. USA (80%)
13
(30) Omole M. K. and Ghomorai Tokoni (2012). Assesment of the Rational Use of
Antipsychotic Drugs Using Case Notes of Patients at the Tertiary Hospital in South
West Nigeria. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 21(17)1-6.
India (75%).
(31) Omole M. K. and Chike Grace Oyidiya (2012). Assesment of the Rational Use of Anti
Diabetics in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using Case Notes of Patients at a Tertiary
Health Care Centre in South West Nigeria. Global Journal of Medical Research.
12(5:1) 26-36. USA (75%)
(32) Omole M. K. and Adeyemi Morenike Titilola (2012). Assessment of Rational Use of
Drugs Among Asthmatics using Case Notes of Patients at the Tertiary Health Care
Institution in South West Nigeria. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences.
18(09) 1-5. India (80%).
(33) Omole M. K. and Malik Elizabeth Olabisi (2012). Assesment of Rational Use of
Drugs among Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) Using Case Notes of Patients
at the Tertiary Health care Institution in South West Nigeria. Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 21(04) 1- 8. India (80%)
(34) Omole M. K. and Adegboye Oyebukola (2012). A Ten Year Study of the
Management of Haemorrhoids at a Secondary Nursing Home in South West Nigeria.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 15(1) 1-4.
UK (80%)
(35) Omole M. K. and Abdus-Salami F. Yetunde (2012). The Study of Relevance on the
Establishment of Drug Information Centre at a Secondary Hospital in South West
Nigeria. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda & Pharmacy. 3(4) 1-5.
India (80%)
(36) Omole M. K. and Rawas Kehinde Bukola (2012). A Ten Year Study of Management
of Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Hospital in South West Nigeria. Journal of
Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 22(06) 1 – 6. India (80%).
(37) Omole M. K. and Lawal Tajudeen (2012). A Study of Cost Effectiveness of
Artemisinine Combination Therapy (ACT) Among Paediatric Patients at a Tertiary
Medical Centre in South West Nigeria. Global Journal of Medical Research. 12(06)
1-6. USA (80%).
(38) Omole M. K. and Ma’aji Hadiza Usman (2012). A Ten Year Study of Management of
Ischemic Heart Disease in a Tertiary Hospital in South West Nigeria. Global Journal
of Medical Research. 12(11). 17-24. USA (80%).
14
(39) Omole M.K and Bello Ibrahim Kolawole (2012). The Magnitude of Adherence to
Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV/AIDS Patients at University of Ilorin Teaching
Hospital, Nigeria.Wulfenia Journal. 19(9) Austria (80%)
(40) Ajemigbitse A. Adetutu, Omole M.K, Osi-Ogbu F. Ogugua and Erhun O.Wilson
(2013). A Qualitative Study of Causes of Prescribing Errors Among Junior Medical
Doctors in a Nigeria In-patient Setting. Annals of African Medicine 12(4) 223-231.
Nigeria (25%).
(41) Ajemigbitse A. A, Omole M.K and Erhun W. O (2013). An Evaluation of The
Types, Prevalence and Severity of Prescribing Errors in National Hospital, Abuja.
Archives of Nigerian Medicine and Medical Sciences. 8(1) 22-31. Nigeria (30%).
(42) Ajemigbitse A. Adetutu, Omole M.K and Erhun O.Wilson (2013). Medication
Prescribing Errors in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: Types, Prevalence and Clinical
Significance. West African Journal of Pharmacy 24(2) 48-57. Nigeria (30%).
(43) Ajulo M. O, Omole M. K, Moody J. O and Oladokun R. (2013) Preliminary Study
On Effect Of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (Haart) On Liver And Kidneys
Of Children Born To Hiv Infected Mothers In Southwest Nigeria. World Journal of
Pharmaceutical Research 2(6) 3296-3311. India (25%).
(44) Ajulo M. O, Omole M. K, Dickson-Umo O. T, Oloyede I. and Moody J. O (2013)
Effects Of Haart On Organs Of Children Born To Hiv- Infected Mothers In Southsouth
Nigeria. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2(6) 3312-3324. India (25%).
(45) Ajemigbitse A. A, Omole M.K and Erhun W. O (2013). An assessment of the rate,
types and severity of prescribing errors in a tertiary hospital in southwestern Nigeria.
African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences . 42, 339346. Nigeria (30%).
(46) Ajulo M. O, Omole M. K and Moody J. O(2013). Impact of Highly Active
Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on Organs of HIV Infected Children in Abia State,
Nigeria. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 4(7): 837 – 848. United Kingdom
(30%).
(47) Ajemigbitse A. A, Omole M.K and Erhun W. O (2014). Assessment of the
Knowledge and Attitudes of Intern Doctors to Medication Prescribing Errors in a Nigeria
Tertiary Hospital. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy. 5(1) 7-14. Nigeria (30%).
(48) Ajulo M. O, Omole M. K, Moody J. P, Dixon-Umo O. T and Salami O. L. (2015).
Liver Aminotransferases In Under-Five HIV-Positive Children On HAART.
Afr. J. Med. med. Sci. 44. Nigeria (30%).
15
(49) Ajulo M. O, Omole M. K, Moody J. P, Dixon-Umo O. T. (2015). Effect of Highly
Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Renal Function of HIV Infected Under-fives in Southern
Nigeria. West African Journal of Pharmacy. 26,(1) 21-32.
(50) Ajulo M. O, Omole M. K, Moody J. O and Olusanya B. A (2016).
Ocularhaemodynamics Parameters Of Asymptomatic HAART Experienced HIV-Infected
Under-Five Children. Niger J Paed ; 43 (1): 20 –25. Nigeria (30%).
(f) Books, Chapters in Books and Articles already accepted for Publication
(g) Technical Reports and Monographs
(51) Omole M. K. (1999) - Controversies on Clinical Pharmacy Programme and Practice
in Nigeria. Faculty of Pharmacy Lecture. University of Ibadan Press. ISBN 978 –
30585 – 5x. 1, 1 – 31. Nigeria (100%)
(52a) Omole M.K (2001) – Pharmaceutical care concept, Pharmacists Council of Nigeria
Continuing Education in Pharmacy Monograph No. 2. Edited by Wilson O. Erhun.
ISBN, 2001 Faculty of Pharmacy. 2, 37 – 41. Nigeria (100%)
(52b) Omole M.K (2001) – Essential Drug and Primary Health Care, Pharmacists Council of
Nigeria Continuing Education in Pharmacy Monograph No. 2. Edited by Wilson O.
Erhun. ISBN, 2001 Faculty of Pharmacy. 2, 42 – 50. Nigeria (100%)
(52c) Omole M.K (2001) – Pharmacoeconomics, Pharmacists Council of Nigeria
Continuing Education in Pharmacy Monograph No. 2. Edited by Wilson O. Erhun.
ISBN, 2001 Faculty of Pharmacy. 2, 51 – 57. Nigeria (100%)
XI. Major Conferences Attended with Papers Read (in the last 5 years)
(1) West Africa post graduate college of Pharmacists Conference Lagos 2008.
(2) 10th Commonwealth Pharmacists Association Conference and 74th Pharmaceutical Society of
Ghana Annual Conference. 5th- 9th August 2009. National theatre Accra Ghana (Managing theatres
and crises: The Vital of role of pharmacy in an unstable world.
(3) Nigeria association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA), University of Nigeria, Nzukka (8th-12th
July, 2009)
(Transforming of pharmaceutical research for effective patient care and national development)
Papers Delivered
Oral presentation
a. Pharmacotherapy of hypertension in pregnancy in a secondary hospital in South West Nigeria.
b. A survey of antimalarial drug use practices among urban dwellers of Abeokuta, a city in South
West Nigeria.
c. Effect of educational level on hypertensive compliance with medication regimen at a tertiary
hospital in South West Nigeria.
d. Pharmacotherapy of hypertension in pregnancy in a secondary hospital in South West Nigeria.
16
Poster presentation
e. A survey on patient medication knowledge on the adherence to Asthma.
f. Case reports on rational use of drugs among patients with type ii diabetes mellitus at a tertiary
hospital in South Western Nigeria.
g. A ten year review of the treatment of malaria at a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria.
h. Ten year review of the pharmacotherapeutic approach to hypertension at a tertiary hospital in
South Western Nigeria
(4) Nigeria association of pharmacist in academia (NAPA) Ahmadu Bello University Zaria June, 2010
(Challenges of scientific research in Nigeria)
Papers Delivered
Oral presentation
(a) Ten year pharmacotherapeutic study of Antimalarial drugs in the treatment of hospital in
South West Nigeria.
(b) Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of antimicrobial therapy at a secondary health facility in
Northern Nigeria.
(c) Ten year pharmacotherapy of ischemic health disease at the tertiary hospital in South West
Nigeria.
(5) Nigeria association of Pharmacist in academia (NAPA) Nnamdi Azikwe University, Agulu,
Anambra State, Nigeria. 2010.
(“Pharmacy education in Nigeria: New paradigm”)
Papers Delivered
Oral presentation
(a) A ten-year study of pharmacotherapeutic approach to tuberculosis at a tertiary hospital in
South West Nigeria
(b) Cure rate over a ten year period with anti tuberculosis therapy at a tertiary hospital in South
West Nigeria.
(c) Case studies on rational use of drugs among patients with ischemic heart disease at a tertiary
hospital in South West Nigeria.
(d) A ten year study of the treatment of malaria in pregnancy at a secondary hospital in South
West Nigeria
(6) Nigeria association of Pharmacist in academia, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2011.
Papers Delivered
Oral presentation
(a) Investigation of factors affecting medication adherence among people living with
HIV/AIDS under non-governmental organizations in Ibadan city, Nigeria.
(b) Mother’s knowledge of immunization programme and factors influencing their compliance
at a children hospital in south west Nigeria.
17
(7) 4th International conference on drug discovery & therapy and 1st Biotechnology World Congress
February 12 – 15, 2012. Dubai, U.A.E
Papers Delivered
Oral presentation
(a) Knowledge of disease and adherence to drug therapy in persons with type 2 diabetes and
hypertension
(b) A study of rational prescription of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics in sacred heart
hospital Lantoro Abeokuta in south west Nigeria.
(8) II International Conference on Antimicrobial Research. November 21 – 23, 2012. Lisbon,
Portugal.
Papers Delivered
Oral presentation
(a) A Study of Rational Prescriptions of Penicillin and Cephalosporin Antibiotics in a Secondary
Health Care Facility in South West Nigeria
(b) Cure rate over a ten year period with anti tuberculosis therapy at a tertiary hospital in South
West Nigeria
(9) 5th International Conference on Drug Discovery & Therapy. February 18 – 21, 2013, Dubai U.A.E
Paper Delivered
Oral presentation
A Ten Year Study of Management of Ischemic Heart Disease in a Tertiary Hospital in South
West Nigeria
(10) The West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists (WAPCP), Accra, Ghana. 10th – 14th
March, 2014. The Impact of fake and substandard drugs on quality of life in West Africa.
Paper Delivered
Oral Presentation
Knowledge of disease and adherence to drug therapy in asthmatic patients attending a Tertiary
Hospital in South West Nigeria.
(11) Pharmaceutical society of Nigeria annual conference (2008-2013).
2008- Abuja, Federal capital territory, Nigeria.
2009- Benin city, Edo state, Nigeria.
2012- Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
2013 – Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
18
Contribution to Scholarship and Knowledge
1. Contribution to malaria and antimalaria studies. (Papers 7,9,13,15,16,18 & 37).
These papers provide pharmaceutical care contributions in the area of malaria infection and
antimalaria therapy. Since there is a limited data relating to home treatment of malaria among
mothers with middle/high socio economic status in Nigeria, Paper 6 accessed home treatment
practices of malaria by mothers of children between the ages of 1-12 months in an urban setting in
south west Nigeria and it shows that mothers should be counseled against indiscriminate and
improper use of antimalaria drugs at home and educated on the implication of incorrect dosing
especially the administration of sub-therapeutic doses and incomplete course of therapy. It also shows
that mothers and care givers should be advised that halofanthrine and artemisinin should be used
mainly in situations involving drug-resistant strains of plasmodium and should therefore not be used
except on prescription. Paper 7 shows that it is likely that home based management of malaria (HBM)
which is an arm of Roll Back Malaria (RBM), has helped in the reduction of children with
complicated malaria as none of the children enrolled for this study had complicated malaria. Paper 9
shows that adequate knowledge which will influence behavioral attitude to antimalaria in terms of
correct dosing, compliance factors and appropriate use of available antimalarial is crucial in averting
antimalarial drug use pattern and drug resistance. Paper 13 emphasizes that trainings and seminars
should be held at regular intervals to update medical practitioners including doctors and pharmacists
on recent use and trends of prescribing and dispensing of Artemisinin Based Combination Therapies
(ACTs). Paper 15 shows that there was a rapid but consistent decline in the use of chloroquine
between 1999 and 2008 during a ten-year study of malaria management in a tertiary hospital while
there was a significant rise in the use of ACTs during the same period. Paper 16 emphasizes that all
prescriptions including antimalarials given to children under 5 years should be written legibly so as to
avoid any doubt on incorrect interpretations. Quinine must never be given by IV injection as lethal
hypotension may occur. Quinine dihydrochloride should be given by rate controlled infusion in
normal saline or dextrose solution at a rate not exceeding 5mg salt per kg body weight per hour.
Paper 18 contributed significantly to pharmaceutical care in malaria and antimalaria studies as it
indicates that the current practice for patients with hyper-parasitaemia found in 0.20% patients with
malaria is to give parenteral artesunate. The rationale for giving parental artenusate is a course for
further research. Paper 37 shows that pharmacoecomic evaluation has demonstrated that a more
expensive per unit drug can be most effective therapeutic alternative.
2. Contribution to medication noncompliance (non-adherence) studies. (Papers 8,10,14,26,27,29 &
39).
On average, it is estimated that 50% of patients do not take their medications as prescribed –(Burell
CD, Levy RA. 1984). Results of noncompliance can include worsening conditions, hospitalization,
and, in some cases, even death. Paper 8 shows that non-compliance with prescribed drug regimen in
hypertensives attending an outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital in south west Nigeria was as high as
74.4%, thus recommending the need for health care professionals including pharmacists to improve
the situation by educating patients about their disease states and importance of adherence to their
prescribed drug regimen. Paper 10 identified the reasons for non-compliance to anti asthmatics to
include lack of patient’s necessary knowledge to contribute effectively to their disease state
19
management and lack of communication between the pharmacists and physicians in the treatment of
asthmatic patients. Paper 14 shows that basic education and not the level of education is what is
necessary to enhance patient’s compliance to drug regimen. Paper 26 shows that patients who had
type2 diabetes with hypertension were less knowledgeable about their disease condition than patients
who had hypertension alone. There is therefore the need to increase patient education when diabetes
is complicated with hypertension. Paper 27 shows that medication adherence among people living
with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) was highly dependent on availability of antiretroviral drugs as well as
financial capacity of the patient. Paper 29 indicates that public campaign via electronic and print
media was responsible for increase in knowledge among mothers who had knowledge of
immunization and compliance to drugs regimen. Paper 39 shows an encouraging level of adherence
to HAARTs among HIV patients. This might be due to regular counseling and patient education. In
addition to free antiretroviral therapy, the high percentages of participants were on antibiotics. People
living with HIV/AIDS are always treated for other opportunist infections which must be treated and
this might be one of the factors influencing adherence.
3. Contribution to pharmacotherapy studies. (Papers 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 34, 36 & 38).
Pharmacotherapy studies are the backbones of pharmaceutical care provision and my studies show
this fact. Paper 11 observed that only 7.9% patients were prescribed beta blockers such as atenolol
during the ten year study of management of chronic heart failure in a tertiary hospital in south west
Nigeria despite the fact that many studies such as cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS II)
1990, New York heart association (NYHA) studies on class II or III heart failure 1998 and
Corpenicus studies (Scognamiglio et al 1994) support the use of beta blockers. The study shows that
many clinicians have been reluctant to use beta blockers in the management of CHF. The study
recommended that beta blockers should therefore be considered for all patients with NYHA class II,
III or IV heart failure. This agent should be initiated when patients are clinically stable and optimized
on first line therapy primarily by ACEIs and diuretics. Paper 12 shows the frequency of use of
methyldopa, hydralazine and nifedipine respectively in the pharmacotherapy of hypertension in
pregnancy in a secondary hospital in south west Nigeria and indicates that the pregnant patients on
methyldopa spent the least number of days on admission in the hospital followed by patients on
hydralazine and nifedipine respectively. Paper 15 shows that the use of ACTs in the treatment of
malaria in pregnancy increased during a ten-year period of 1999 and 2008 over other antimalaria
drugs. Paper 16 emphasizes that all prescriptions including antimalarials given to children under 5
years should be written legibly so as to avoid any doubt on incorrect interpretations. Quinine must
never be given by IV injection as lethal hypotension may occur. Quinine dihydrochloride should be
given by rate controlled infusion in normal saline or dextrose solution at a rate not exceeding 5mg
salt per kg body weight per hour. Paper 17 shows that drug with anti-inflammatory activity
specifically the inhaled corticosteroid are the corner stone of long term daily therapy for persistent
asthma. Paper 21 shows the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring and drug interactions
monitoring in patients with tuberculosis especially for patients on phenytoin, a drug with narrow
therapeutic window where anti tuberculosis dosage should be adjusted as necessary. Paper 22
revealed that more consideration should be given to co-morbidities and concurrent medication needs
of TB patients. Anti TB treatment should be individualized and strategies that would reduce rate of
20
default should be instituted. Paper 23 shows that unless hypertension is severe, it is important to start
a simple drug regimen that minimizes side effects and encourage long term compliance. Paper 34
shows that most of the treatment options available in Nigeria may not provide the best care for the
treatment of haemorrhoids. The paper recommended that treatment options such as rubber band
litigation, sclerotherapy, stapled haemorrhoidectomy and doppler guided haemorrhoidal artery
litigation should also be considered. Paper 36 shows that optimal therapy for diabetes mellitus
required aggressive management that involves all health care professionals beginning from when
diabetes is diagnosed. Paper 38 shows that the administration of both short acting and long acting
nitrates for symptomatic relief of chest discomfort and angina symptoms aids compliance because of
fewer side effects. A combination therapy of beta blockers or calcium channel blockers with nitrates
and daily aspirin dose have shown great improvement in angina patients.
4. Contribution to rational use of drugs (RUD) studies (Papers 13, 20, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 40, 41 &
42).
Rational use of drug (RUD) requires that the patients receive drugs appropriate to their clinical needs
in doses that meet their individual requirements (right dose, right intervals and right duration). Paper
13 indicates challenges on the part of the pharmacists who should really counsel patients when
recommending ACTs to them, as majority of pharmacists that participated in the study were not
aware of the significant of precautions when administering ACTs to patients. Only 2.2% pharmacists
indicated awareness such as ‘Don’t take on empty stomach’ and ‘Avoid anti oxidants such as
ascorbic acid’ when ACT is administered. Paper 20 shows that because most patients with ischemic
heart disease have underline coronary artery disease (CAD), correcting and treating all modifiable
cardiovascular risk factors is essential in an effort to reduce the risk of future vascular events
especially in the management of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Paper 28 shows that in a study of
rational prescription of penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics, prescription pattern of penicillin and
cephalosporin antibiotics were not completely in line with standard guidelines of antibiotic therapy.
Measures should be taken to detect and document adverse drug reactions and consideration should be
given to microbial culture sensitivity test. Paper 30 shows that sources of irrational use of
antipsychotic agents could be due to unavailability of needed medication, prescription of expensive
medications and polypharmacy observed as mixture of depot and oral antipsychotic agents in
prescriptions. Paper 31 shows the importance of clinical pharmacist in counseling and monitoring the
diabetic patient so as to provide and promote pharmaceutical care. Paper 32 shows the importance of
clinical pharmacist in counseling and monitoring the asthma patient so as to provide and promote
pharmaceutical care. Paper 33 recommends that laboratory tests including liver function test and
kidney function test are very important in monitoring patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) as
these were not adequately performed in this paper. Paper 40 describes the use of human error theory
to identify the causes of and factors underlying prescribing errors among junior doctors in a medical
and pediatric in-patient setting. Although prescribers must be held responsible for their actions, our
study suggest that errors arise as a combination of environment, team, individual, task and latent
factors in a system where defenses are feeble. Papers 41 & 42 reported that prescribing errors are
common and can affect patients’ safety throughout the prescribing process. The mean error rate of all
types of prescribing errors in the national hospital, Abuja and University of Abuja teaching hospital
21
were 26.3% and 28.7% respectively. However, only a fraction of these errors were judged to be
clinically serious.
5. Contribution to drug information studies. (Paper 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 35).
The development of drug information centers and drug information specialists was the beginning of
the clinical pharmacy concept. It laid the groundwork for pharmacists to demonstrate the ability to
assume more responsibility in providing input on patient drug therapy. Paper 1 indicates drug
information in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma, congestive heart
failure and many other disease states. It is a textbook written on pharmacotherapy. Paper 2 evaluates
ingredients commonly used in Nigeria in the preparation of antacid and shows the superiority of
magnesium tricylicate and aluminum hydroxide over sodium bicarbonate. The paper recommends
that sodium bicarbonate should not be used to treat antacid because of its ‘acid rebound’ side effect.
Papers 3, 4 & 5 provide information in the form of case studies on drugs used in the treatment of
hypertension, atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure. Paper 35 shows that only physicians and
pharmacists are knowledgeable about drug information resources such as tertiary (textbooks),
secondary (index) and primary (journals) to provide needed information on drugs. The paper
recommended that other health professionals such as nurses, laboratory scientists, physiotherapists,
radiographers, optometrists need to intensify their knowledge on drug information resources
including internet to provide adequate information on drugs.
6. Contribution to pharmacoeconomics studies. (Papers 19 & 37).
Pharmacoeconomics is a specialized aspect of economics principle and technique of analysis to
ensure that scarce health care resources are used more efficiently (WHO, 1996). Paper 19 observes
that database such as adverse drug reaction, bioavailability, bioequivalence should be made available
through pharmacovigilance centre and functional drug information centre. This will enhance the cost
effectiveness of antimicrobials. Paper 37 indicates that ACTs represented by
artemisinine/sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (ASP) was more cost effective than the non-ACTs
represented by chloroquine/ sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine (CQ/SP) and quinine/ sulphadoxine
and pyrimethamine (QSP) since the average cost effective ratio (ACER) for ASP was the lowest
among the three comparators.
7. Contribution to cancer studies. (Papers 24 & 25).
Pharmaceutical care provision is very essential in the management of chronic disease such as cancer.
In the study of profile of cancer patients attending tertiary health institution in south west Nigeria,
paper 24 shows that the health proportion of those affected by cancer was found among poor,
educated and women. Paper 25 shows that consumption of vegetables, vitamins/supplements and
regular exercise which can be classified as non-pharmacologic therapy were the common
complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) used by cancer patients.
22
8. Contribution to HIV and HAART studies. (Papers 27, 43, 44 & 45).
Paper 27 shows that medication adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) was
highly dependent on availability of antiretroviral drugs as well as financial capacity of the patient.
Paper 43 shows that HAART combination drugs are responsible for liver injury as well as improved
kidney function due to increase in renal clearance in HIV children of zero to five years old. Papers 44
& 45 indicate the use of HAART regimen among children below 5 years was associated with
significant elevation of BMI and serum creatinine.
23
Ten publications which best reflect contribution to Scholarship and Research
1. Omole, M. K. Alabi, O. M. and Ayoola, O. O. (2007): Mothers Knowledge on the Cause,
Prevention and Symptoms of Malaria in a University Staff Clinic in an Urban Setting in
Southwestern Nigeria. African Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences. Vol.36, 49 – 55. Nigeria
(70%).
A good knowledge of the correct therapeutic home management of children with the malaria
infection by mothers is crucial for the realization of effective treatment of children with malaria as
the correct practices would also reduce the rising rate of multi-drug resistant to malaria. This paper
documented the knowledge of mothers of children about the cause, prevention and symptoms of
malaria. While the paper reported that all the preventive and personal protective measures adopted by
the mothers were correct except for the way the mothers were consuming bitter leaf soup, the paper
however, pointed out the ignorance of the mothers about the insecticide treated net (ITN) which is the
most recent and a highly effective method. This was probably due to the ignorance of the mother or
unavailability of ITN. The use of untreated bed nets by only 4.4% of the mothers who participated in
the study shows that untreated bed nets were no longer commonly used. This work therefore opened a
possibility for further research on evaluating mothers knowledge on the use of ITN to protect their
children between ages 1month – 12 years from mosquito bites. The role of pharmacists in the
provision and promotion of pharmaceutical care is imperative when counseling mothers on the way
they use ITN.
2. Omole, M. K. Ogunbayo, O. O and Fasanmade, A. A. (2010): A Ten Year Study of Management of
Chronic Heart Failure in a Tertiary Hospital in South West Nigeria. Continental Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.4, 18-27. Nigeria. (70%).
Chronic heart failure can be defined as the progressive complex medical syndrome characterized by
dyspnea, fatigue and fluid retention (Paul et al, 2000). In this study, the conventional treatment
documented for CHF was a combination of diuretics most especially a loop and a potassium sparing
diuretics along with thiazide diuretics. As an understanding of the pathophysiology of CHF are
developed, there have been a number of advances in its pharmacotherapy. The evidence based drug
used in improving CHF include ACEI, beta blockers and spironolactone. In this study, a good
number of patients diagnosed with CHF were prescribed ACEI. Despite publication of data as early
as 1979 to support the use of beta blockers, many clinicians have been reluctant to use them in the
management of CHF. As observed also in this study, 7.9% patients were prescribed beta-blockers,
such as atenolol. Large scale studies were however published in the late 1990s demonstrating
significant reduction in mortality during treatment with beta blockers. For example, in their second
report, the Cadiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol study II (CIBS II) randomized 2.647 patients to receive
either bisoprolol or placebo in combination with standard care ACEI with or without diuretic and/or
digoxin. Bisoprolol treatment was associated with 34% reduction in mortality, a 32% reduction in
hospital admission and significant improvements in symptom control. These benefits were evident
across all the subgroups assessed including people with diabetes, the elderly and those with renal
dysfunction.
24
3. Omole, M. K. and Akanji, A. I. (2010): Pharmacotherapy of Hypertension in Pregnancy in a
Secondary Hospital in South West Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol.8 No.1,
1-11. Nigeria. (80%).
Hypertension in pregnancy has damaging effects on the blood vessels of the expectant mother as well
as the blood supply involving the patients exchange of oxygen and nutrition from mother to baby.
The primary purpose of this study was to access the rational pharmacotherapeutic approach to the
management of hypertension in pregnancy. In this study, it was found that methyldopa was the most
frequently prescribed antihypertensive for pregnant hypertensive patients because it was prescribed
to 43.0 ± 4.4 mean number of patients (71.7%). This could be due to the fact that methyldopa has a
long history of use in treating hypertension in pregnancy, and using methyldopa reportedly increases
fetal survival rates and decreases mid-trimester fetal loss (Paul, 2007). Methyldopa has tolerable side
effects. Methyldopa has the least mean number of days spent by patients on admission. This shows it
is very effective for management of gestational hypertension. It is also cheap and easily affordable,
thereby enhancing patients’ compliance to the drug therapy for gestational hypertension. Methydopa
prescription was followed respectively in the study by hydralazine and nifedipine. The common
regimes of therapy administered on the patients in this study were in the order: single therapy >
bitherapy > triple therapy. The combination used was methyldopa + hydralazine or nifedipine +
hydralazine in the case of bitherapy and all the three drugs in the case of the triple therapy. It was
observed that methyldopa occurred in almost all the different combinations of the drug therapy. Since
patients with first pregnancy are at high risk of gestational hypertension and pre eclampsia/eclampsia,
it is suggested in the study that these patients be started on low-dose aspirin (antiplatelets agent)
anytime from the end of the second trimester till birth as prophylaxis to prevent gestational
hypertension and preeclampsia/eclampsia. The pharmacotherapy of hypertension in pregnancy offers
a lot of opportunity for pharmacists to provide and promote pharmaceutical care when counseling
pregnant hypertensive patients.
4. Omole, M. K. and Okoye, E. J. (2011): A Ten Year Study of the Management of Malaria at a Tertiary
Hospital in South West Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy. Vol.44 No.1, 56-63. Nigeria (80%).
Effective management of malaria could be defined in three ways, with different contexts. These
include clinical remission, indicating clearance of signs and symptoms, clinical cure, indicating
clinical remission with prevention of clinical recrudesce such as clearance of signs and symptoms in
14 days following the end of treatment and parasitological cure (or radical cure), indicating
elimination of all parasites from the body. In this study, the use of chloroquine started to decline from
late 1990s to early 2000 of the ten year study while the use of amodiaquine rose gradually during this
period. Amodiaquine use however started to decline afterwards. The use of quinine also started to
decline with the emergence of ART since the latter had fewer side effects. This is supported by the
recent findings by artemether-quinine meta-analysis. In this study, the shortest 5.3 days was for ACTs
while ART had a mean of 6.6 days. There was need to continue using ACTs and discontinue quinine
which gave a mean of 7.5 days. This is supported by the WHO technical consultation team who
listed advantage of ACTs as rapid substantial reduction of the parasite biomass, rapid resolution of
25
clinical symptoms, effective action against multi-drug resistant P, falciparum, reduction of
gametocyte carriage which may reduce transmission with no parasite resistance documented with
artemisinine and its derivatives and fewer reported adverse effects. The current practice for patients
with hyper-parasitaemia found in 0.2% patients in the study was to give parenteral artesunate. These
patients might have evidence of vital organ dysfunction but there was a subgroup of individuals in the
study in whom there was no manifestations of severe disease. This study offers the important role of
pharmacists in the provision and promotion of pharmaceutical care. These include focusing on patient
outcome, caring for individual patient, monitoring patient therapy, developing assessment and
actions, developing a proactive attitude, maintaining a consistent standard of practice and
competence, communicating with patients and health care professionals and ensuring a cost effective
approach to treatment.
5. Omole, M. K. and Ebitigha, O. (2011): A Ten-Year Study of Pharmacotherapeutic Approach to
Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Hospital in South West Nigeria. International Journal of Pharmaceutical
and Biomedical Research. Vol. 2 No. 3, 153-157. (Now Vol. 4) India (80%).
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection caused by species of mycobacterium, namely M.
tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. africanum. The primary purpose of the study was to evaluate the
treatments outcome of the therapeutic regimen prescribed during a period of ten years of management
of tuberculosis. In selecting an effective anti TB regimen, clinicians should take into account
coexisting disease conditions. Coexisting diseases can alter the disposition of anti TB drugs thus
predisposing patients to drug toxicities. Anti TB can worsen co-morbidities thereby reducing the
quality of life of the patients. HIV infection is the co-morbidity with the highest frequency
documented. This is clinically significant considering the fact that HIV infection is a major
contributor to the increased incidence and resurgence of TB infection. This result is supported by
report of Daniel O.J. 2004 which puts the zero positive prevalence rate of TB in Nigeria between
2.2% - 70%. Treatment of TB/HIV co-infection follows the same principles as treatment of HIV
uninfected patients. However there are several important differences which include the potential drug
interactions, adverse drug reactions and paradoxical reactions that may be interpreted as clinical
worsening. The use of thiacetazone in this study is contraindicated in HIV patients and it should be a
concern in the concurrent use of anti TB and anti retroviral drugs. Rifampicin is a powerful inducer
of CYP 450 metabolism of many HIV protease inhibitors and non nucleotide reverse transcriptase
inhibitors (NNRTIs). Fortunately, nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are not
metabolized by the CYP 450. The administration of NRTIs and rifampicin is not contraindicated and
requires no dosage adjustments. It was suggested in the study population that if nevirapine, a
NNRTI’s is part of the patients antiretrouiral (ARV) regimen before starting anti TB and rifampicin is
part of the anti TB regimen, nevirapine should be changed to efavirenz and HIV positive patients are
prescribed ethambutol for continuation phase. The Centre for disease control and prevention (CDC)
gave guidelines for treatment of TB/HIV co-infection which enhances the provision and promotion of
pharmaceutical care by the pharmacists while counseling TB patients.
26
6. Omole, M. K. Ahwinawi, U. S. and Adeleye, J. (2012): Knowledge of Disease and Adherence to
Drug Therapy in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension. Global Journal of Medical
Research. Vol.12 No.2, 12-24. USA (70%).
Knowledge of diabetes and hypertension generally increased across levels of education with patients
with no formal education having lesser knowledge than those with primary, secondary and tertiary
education. This result depicted the fact that patients with higher education are more knowledgeable
about their disease conditions (Sanne et al, 2008). There was a significant association between
educational level and knowledge (p=0.00) (p<0.05). Although, this study revealed a higher than
average level of disease knowledge among all the patients, patients who had type 2 diabetes were less
knowledgeable about their disease conditions than those with hypertension. The study suggested
therefore the need to increase patients’ education when diabetes is complicated with hypertension.
This requires the concerted effort of all members of the healthcare team including pharmacist whose
primary role is to provide and promote pharmaceutical care.
7. Omole, M. K. and Adeola, A. M. (2012): A Study of Rational Prescriptions of Penicillin and
Cephalosporin Antibiotics in a Secondary Health Care Facility in South West Nigeria. Global
Journal of Medical Reasearch. Vol.12 No.4, 1-7. USA (75%).
The purpose of this study is to assess the prescriptions pattern of penicillin and cephalosporin
antibiotics among physicians at a secondary hospital in south west Nigeria and determine their
conformity with standard guidelines and principles of antibiotic use. Cephalosporins and Penicillins
were prescribed mostly for upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and least prescribed for pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID). There was no definite diagnosis made in 7.4% patients enrolled in the
study. Ampiclox® (Ampicillin + Cloxacillin) was the most frequently prescribed penicillins for
URTI while Amoxiclav (Amoxycillin + clavulanic acid) was the least prescribed penicillins for the
same condition. Cefuroxime in the form of suspension and tablet was the only cephalosporin
prescribed in this study. Cefuroxime was prescribed mostly for URTI and least prescribed for PID.
This was similar to the pattern seen with the penicillins. All the conditions were treated with single
cephalosporin antibiotics. This was similar to the study conducted by Palikhe in 2004 who reported
that 93% of the patients studied were prescribed only with one antibiotics. He also reported that 75%
cases of enteric fever was treated with single antibiotics. In the study conducted, penicillins were
more frequently prescribed than the cephalosporins. A study conducted at University of Ilorin
Teaching Hospital (Akande et al 2009) reported higher prescription for penicillins than
cephalosporins while another study reported by Palikhe in 2004 indicated higher prescription for
cephalosporins. The prescriptions of antibiotics in this study which was based mainly on clinical
judgment (empirical treatment) without microbial culture sensitivity (MCS) test was similar to study
conducted by Palikhe 2004. There was also a similar study conducted by Suping Hu et al 2002 which
showed collection of specimen for culture to be only 8.4% among the patients prescribed with
antibiotics. In all the cases considered in this study specimen for culture were not obtained. The study
then recommended that it is very necessary to ensure that specimen are obtained and cultured before
initiating antibiotic therapy in some of the cases and that measures should be taken to avoid the
inappropriate use of antibiotics to prevent antibiotics resistance, high health care costs and possible
side effect including gastrointestinal side effect (Sneha et al 2006) (Saping 2009). Pharmacists’ role
27
in the provision and promotion of pharmaceutical care is important while counseling patients on
antibiotics.
8. Omole, M. K. and Lawal, T. (2012): A Study of Cost Effectiveness of Artemisinine Combination
Therapy (ACT) Among Paediatric Patients at a Tertiary Medical Centre in South West Nigeria.
Global Journal of Medical Research. Vol.12 No.6, 1-6. USA (80%).
The pharmacists in a hospital setting are acknowledged as experts on drugs and therefore should
maintain a reliable but economic drug delivery system in order to ensure that cost effective drugs are
available. The drug cost analysis would identify chloroquine/ sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine
(CQ/SP) as the best alternative based on price, but decisions based solely on these figures are not
valid since they do not reflect the true cost picture. In the cost of therapy analysis,
artemisinine/sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine (ASP) emerged as the most cost effective alternative
because of its high clinical success rate. Using the average cost effective ratio (ACER), which is the
average cost per patient successfully treated, CQ/SP had a ratio of 5.19, Quine/SP had 3.45 and
Artemisinine/SP had 1. Pharmacoeconomics evaluation has demonstrated that a more expensive per
unit drug can be most effective therapeutic alternative. Pharmacoeconomics studies offer many
opportunities for pharmacists in the provision and promotion of pharmaceutical care.
9. Ajemigbitse A. Adetutu, Omole M.K, Osi-Ogbu F. Ogugua and Erhun O.Wilson (2013). A
Qualitative Study of Causes of Prescribing Errors Among Junior Medical Doctors in a Nigeria In-
patient Setting. Annals of African Medicine 12(4) 223-231. Nigeria (25%).
The use of human error theory to identify the causes of and factors underlying prescribing errors
among junior doctors in a medical and pediatric in-patient setting. Although prescribers must be held
responsible for their actions, our study suggest that errors arise as a combination of environment,
team, individual, task and latent factors in a system where defenses are feeble. Sometimes the wok
situation made the junior doctors rush their prescribing and other duties in order to catch up with their
team. Part of the pressure was to get prescription written on time for the ward attendants to take the
treatment sheets to pharmacy so that any medication requiring compounding would be presented in
time before 4pm shift was over. (In the hospital, morning work shift begins at 8.00am until 4.00pm).
Other causes prescribing error in this study are dosing error, omission of information, frequency error
and drug interactions.
10. Ajemigbitse A. Adetutu, Omole M.K and Erhun O.Wilson (2013). Medication Prescribing Errors in a
Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: Types, Prevalence and Clinical Significance. West African Journal of
Pharmacy 24(2) 48-57. Nigeria (30%).
Prescriptions involving antimicrobials (oral and parenteral) produced the bulk of errant prescriptions.
This was consistent with other reported studies. Antimicrobial prescribing should include essential
information on dose, route and duration of therapy as well as the appropriate selection of the
antimicrobial agent. The need for improvement of prescription writing as evidenced by the number of
cases in which the required prescription elements as enumerated in the Nigerian standard treatment
guideline (STG) were missing in the study conducted. The needs to followed up by prescriber
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education/training on proper prescription writing and rational drug use. Prescription can then be re-
audited at a later time to measure impact of intervention.
___________________ ______________________
Date Dr. M. K. Omole
