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CURRICULUM VITAE STACY M. CARTER, PhD Mail: Australian Centre for Health Engagement, Evidence and Values

(ACHEEV) School of Health and Society Room 240, Building 15 The University of Wollongong NSW 2522

Phone: (direct) 02 4221 3243 (reception) 02 4221 5106

Email: stacyc@uow.edu.au Publications: https://tinyurl.com/ybwsln9j ORCID: 0000-0003-2617-8694

CURRENT APPOINTMENT Professor (Feb 2018--) Director, Australian Centre for Health Engagement, Evidence and Values (2019--) School of Health and Society The University of Wollongong

PREVIOUS APPOINTMENTS Associate Professor (Jan 2014-Feb 2018) and Deputy Director (June 2015-Feb 2018) Sydney Health Ethics, The University of Sydney Senior Lecturer (Jan 2008-Dec 2013), Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine (VELIM), The University of Sydney Postdoctoral Research Fellow VELiM March 2006-Jan 2008

HONORARY APPOINTMENTS Honorary Professor, Sydney Health Ethics, The University of Sydney, appointed 2018

EDUCATION Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine: March 2001 – March 2005 School of Public Health, The University of Sydney Master of Public Health (Honours): March 1998 – March 2001 (part time) 1999-2001 The University of Sydney, 1998 The University of NSW Bachelor of Applied Science (Speech Pathology): 1988 – 1991 Cumberland College of Health Sciences/The University of Sydney

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AWARDS and PRIZES

1. 2018 Brocher Foundation competitive awards program: residency for Conceptual and Ethical Challenges of Overdiagnosis for collaborative work with Bjørn Hofmann(University of Oslo), Lynette Reid (Dalhousie University), Wendy Rogers (Macquarie University) April 2018.

2. Visiting Fellowship (funded, May 2017), Policy, Ethics and Life Sciences Research Centre (PEALS), Schools of Geography Politics & Sociology, Newcastle University, UK.

3. NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (2012-2015): The Ethics of prevention and health promotion APP1032963 $391,076.

4. Visiting Fellowship in the International Programme for Ethics, Public Health and Human Rights, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 2012

5. University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine Travelling Fellowship 2012: Competitive award won to support travel to International Association of Bioethics Conference in Rotterdam and to London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

6. The Mull Hypothesis Study. National Drug and Alcohol Awards 2011 – Excellence in Research Award – Highly Commended. I was a team member on this project, conducted in the Northern Rivers of NSW.

7. University of Sydney Thompson Fellowship 2011. Competitive award – approximately 20% of applications funded in 2011. Assists University women to advance their careers by relieving them of teaching and service responsibilities. $60,000 over 12 months.

8. School of Public Health, University of Sydney Academic Development Scheme 2008: Funded to present at the Qualitative Health Research Conference and the Advances in Qualitative Methods Conference in Banff, Canada in October 2008: $3000

9. University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine Travelling Fellowship 2007: Competitive award won to support travel to a grounded theory methodology event in Banff, Canada in September 2007: $4640

10. Australian Postgraduate Award: Jan 2001 – Sep 2004

INVITATIONS

2019 includes: 1. Invited speaker, plenary session on The social and cultural context for evidence-informed

decision making in the digital age. The NHMRC’s 8th Annual Symposium on ResearchTranslation, Melbourne, Australia (November).

2. Invited Keynote speaker, Western Alliance Sixth Annual Symposium: Lost in researchtranslation, demystifying the approach from knowledge into action. October 24th 2019.

3. Participation and keynote at invitation-only international round table on Ethics, AI andmedicine: “Ethical futures: Preparing for the impact of AI on the values and practice ofmedicine”. Funded by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) inpartnership with UK Research and Innovation and France’s Centre national de larecherche scientifique. Warwick University, UK. (September)

4. Invited speaker. Making normativity explicit in improvement science. The EthicalImplications of Improvement Science Research and Practice: Developing a ResearchAgenda, 1 day Symposium. London, UK (April).

5. Invited speaker, session on Deliberative democratic methods: what are they, how do theywork, and what can go wrong? A seminar at Centre for Biomedical Ethics, NationalUniversity of Singapore, Singapore (March).

2018 includes: 1. Workshop co-organiser and co-chair, Practices and standards in empirical (bio)ethics

research: an open discussion, Australiasian Bioethics and Health Law Conference,Townsville (Sept 2018).

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2. Invited seminar presentation, Authority in empirical research about ethical questions: a methodological exploration, ACCESS seminar series, UOW (Sept 2018).

3. Invited speaker (fully funded) Ethical considerations in cancer screening programs, Ethical and Legal Considerations in Breast Density Workshop, University of Adelaide (August 2018).

4. Invited panel participation, session on What are the relationships between STS and empirical ethics? A panel discussion on neuroethics at 4S (Society for Social Studies of Science), Sydney, (August)

5. Invited participation in Joint UK Radiology Conference annual debate – Knowledge: How much is too much? At United Kingdom Radiology Conference, Liverpool, UK (July)

6. Invited Session Chair, I Robot: Ethics and law applied to artificial intelligence. United Kingdom Radiology Conference, Liverpool, UK (July)

7. Invited paper presentation, international roundtable workshop on Biofutures, Prato, Italy, (June)

8. Invited paper presentation, international roundtable workshop on The sociology of diagnosis and screening, Prato, Italy (June)

9. Invited speaker, international seminar on overdiagnosis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (April)

10. Invited speaker on overdiagnosis, Armidale Division of General Practice continuing professional development program (March)

2017 includes: 1. Panel participation on overdiagnosis, 34th Annual Scientific Meeting for the Australasian

College of Emergency Medicine, Sydney (November) 2. Plenary, workshop and research consultation session at the International Conference on

Qualitative Research in KL, Malaysia (August) 3. Plenary at Preventing Overdiagnosis Conference in Quebec City, Canada (August) 4. Symposium on including public and patient perspectives in healthcare at the University of

Newcastle, UK (May) 5. Invited presentation on deliberative democratic methods at the National Prescribing

Service, Sydney (Feb) 2016 includes: 1. Presentation and participation in an invitation-only workshop on Recognition at Macquarie

University, Sydney (September) 2. Invited presentation and panel discussion on ethical aspects of bowel cancer screening at

the annual meeting of the Gastroenterology Society of Australia, Adelaide (October)

EDITORIAL, BOARDS, COMMITTEES Internal 1. University Research Committee Sept 2018- 2. Faculty of Social Sciences Faculty Research Committee May 2018- 3. School of Health and Society School Research Committee Feb 2019-Feb 2020 4. School of Health and Society Workload Working Group Sept 2019- 5. School of Health and Society Executive Committee Feb 2020- External

6. Member, International Network on the Future of Artificial Intelligence and Medical Ethics

(INFAIME) (October 2019-) 7. Co-Editor, Routledge Companion to Feminist Bioethics, March 2019- Publication

scheduled for 2022. 8. Editorial Board Member, Qualitative Expert, The Patient- Patient-Centered Outcomes

Research, published by Springer Nature, commencing Dec 2018. 9. International Advisory Board, ERSC Large Grant proposal to develop a conceptual model

of overuse and overtreatment, CIA Prof Natalie Armstrong, SAPPHIRE (Social Science APPlied to Healthcare Improvement REsearch), College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester.

10. Co-Chair, organising committee, Preventing Overdiagnosis Conference 2019, Sydney.

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11. BMC Medical Ethics: Editorial Board Member, Associate Editor for bioethics methodology, commencing Dec 2017.

12. Preventing Overdiagnosis Conference, invited member of international advisory group/scientific committee, commencing September 2017

13. Program Organising Committee, National Action Plan to Prevent Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment, Summit 2017

14. Member, Health Ethics Advisory Panel, NSW Ministry of Health (Jan 2015-) 15. Executive, Wiser Healthcare Collaboration (http://wiserhealthcare.org.au/ a collaborative

program of work funded by NHMRC Program and Centre for Research Excellence grants between University of Sydney, Bond University, George Institute and Monash University; executive of 6 overseeing a program of work involving 12 Chief Investigators, 22 Associate Investigators, and multiple projects)

16. Guest Editor by invitation, Special issue on Cancer Screening, Public Health Research and Practice, 2017

17. Editorial Board, Health Promotion Journal of Australia (Jan 2016-) 18. Cancer Institute of NSW, Intramural Research Peer Review Panel (2015) 19. Associate Editor, Public Health Ethics (Oxford University Press) Feb 2015-March 2019 20. Final issue of Health Promotion Journal of Australia as Associate Editor: Special Issue on

the Ethics of Health Promotion, co-edited with Annette Braunack-Mayer. Volume 26 Number 3 2015.

21. Associate Editor, Health Promotion Journal of Australia (2012-2015) 22. Expert panel for systematic review on how screening systems and criteria have evolved

across countries since Wilson and Jungner, Warwick University, 2013-14. 23. Scientific Committee, 21st National Australian Health Promotion Conference (2013) 24. Guest editor, Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, symposium on Public Health Ethics (2012) 25. Guest editor, NSW Public Health Bulletin: Special Issues on Qualitative Research in

Health (2009) and Public Health Ethics (2012)

GRANTS Total Category 1 grants in last 5 years: 5 (since PhD 14) Total Category 1 grants in last 5 years: $5.24m (since PhD $8.25m)

Category 1 Grants 1. Stacy Carter, Nehmat Houssami, Chris Degeling, Bernadette Richards, Annette

Braunack-Mayer, Wendy Rogers, Lei Wang, Khin Win, Maame Esi Woode. The algorithm will see you now: ethical, legal and social implications of adopting machine learning systems for diagnosis and screening. NHMRC Ideas Grant 1181960, 2020-2023, $823,476.40

2. Luke Marinovich, Nehmat Houssami, Elizabeth Wylie, Bill Lotter, Alison Pearce, Stacy Carter. Artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance breast cancer screening: Early detection of interval cancers, economic impact and women’s perspectives. National Breast Cancer Foundation Investigator-Initiated Research Scheme. 2020-2022, $822,561.28.

3. Professor Gordon Waitt; Dr Thomas Birtchnell; Professor Stacy Carter; Mr David Sinclair. Integrated Futures for the use of Motorised Mobility Devices. ARC Linkage LP180100913. 2019-2022. $356,000.

4. Julie Leask, Stacy Carter, Paul Ward, Lesley Barclay, Christopher Degeling. Developing evidence based strategies for addressing childhood vaccination rejection. NHMRC Project Grant #1126543. 2017-2020. $743,963 ($175,179.90, $180,179.90, $230,179.90, $158,387.20).

5. Alexandra Barratt, Kirsten McCaffery, Stacy Carter, Paul Glasziou, Ian Kerridge, Christopher Semsarian, Kirsten Howard, Jenny Doust, Adam Elshaug and Ray Moynihan. Creating sustainable healthcare: ensuring new diagnostics avoid harms, improve outcomes, and direct resources wisely. NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence #1104136: $2,497,658 over 5 years, 2016-2020. ($497,531.60 , $502,531.60 , $507,531.60 , $502,531.60 , $487,531.60)

6. Stacy Carter, Lucie Rychetnik, Alex Barratt and Ian Kerridge. Evaluating cancer screening: context, evidence, values and ethics. NHMRC Project Grant #1023197 $552,350 over 4 years 2012-15.

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7. Sally Dunlop, Simon Chapman, Stacy Carter, Becky Freeman. The natural history of unassisted smoking cessation in Australia. NHMRC Project Grant #1024459 $318,510 over 3 years 2012-14.

8. Carter SM, Hooker C, Kerridge IH, Rychetnik L. Reconceptualising health promotion: the role of values, ethics and evidence in obesity intervention. NHMRC Project Grant #632679. Funded for three years from 2010-12. Budget $467,950 ($162,650 $152,650 $152,650).

9. Evans W, Blinkhorn A, Carter SM. Implementation and sustainability of non-surgical intervention for dental caries in general dental practice. NHMRC Project Grant #632715, funded for three years from 2010-2012. Budget $376,125 ($125,375 $105,375 $145,375).

10. Carter SM, Hooker CL, Thomas SL. How do lay people understand the risk of developing cancer? A qualitative study using grounded theory procedures. NHMRC Project Grant #457387 funded for three years from 2007 to 2009. Budget $271,125 ($81,750, $98,875, $90,500).

11. Jordens CFC, Kerridge I, Carter SM. A qualitative study of the experience of multiple myeloma. Funded by the Cancer Council of NSW for three years from 2007 to 2009. Budget $268,876 ($77,250, $98,063, 93,563). I designed and wrote this project application based on a concept by Jordens and Kerridge.

12. Kerridge I, Stewart C, Jordens C, Carter SM. Difficult decisions: a critical analysis of consent to high-risk medical procedures. NHMRC Project Grant #457439 funded for three years from 2007 to 2009. Budget $309,750 ($100,000, $107,375, $102,375).

13. Ankeny R, Shaw P, Jordens CFC, O’Brien T, Carter SM, Kerridge I. Toward a Best Practice of Emerging Technologies: PGD and HLA Typing for Paediatric Transplantation. Funded by the Cancer Council of NSW for three years from 2007 to 2009. Budget $258,956 ($84,790; $90,853, $83,313).

14. Kerridge I, Komesaroff P, Jordens C, Stewart C, Ankeny R, Carter SM. Deconstructing DTCA: toward a differentiated policy response to Direct-to-Consumer Advertising in Australia. NHMRC project grant #457497 funded for two years from 2007 to 2008. Budget $185,563 ($87,250, $98,313).

15. (Chapman S. Investigation of tobacco industry efforts to counteract tobacco control in Australia, 1970-2000. National Health & Medical Research Council Project Grant #253657 from 2003-5. Designed and wrote this grant based on Chapman’s concept. Budget funded $316,000.

Other grants and projects

1. Brooke Nickel, Kirsten McCaffery, Nehmat Houssami, Meagan Brennan, Jolyn Hersch, Stacy Carter, Alia Kaderbhai, Angela, Lisa Vaccaro. Australian women and primary care clinicians’ knowledge, understanding on breast density relating to breast cancer, and their perspectives around messaging and notification of breast density.2020-2021($69,988), Commonwealth of Australia Department of Health.

2. Stacy Carter, Scarlet Wilcock, Tam Ha, David Steel, Nina Reynolds, Pauline O’Shaughnessy, Khin Win, Chris Degeling, Annette Braunack-Mayer, Jackie Street, Patti Shih, Kathleen Prokopovich, Belinda Fabrianesi, Jake Thompson, Sebastian Isbanner, Lei Wang. The ethical, legal and social implications (ELSI) of using artificial intelligence (AI) in health and social care. 2019-2020 ($49,239), University of Wollongong Global Challenges Project Grant.

3. Lucy Frith (University of Liverpool, lead applicant), Alan Cribb, Vikki Entwistle, Stacy Carter. 2019 Institute of Medical Ethics Seminar series grant for a symposium on the Ethics of healthcare improvement (London) (£3560)

4. Degeling C, Carter SM, Shih P. TB elimination: a qualitative investigation of the perspectives of South Asian migrant communities in the Illawarra. Harry Windsor Grant, Australian Respiratory Council, 2019 $20,000

5. Annette Braunack-Mayer, Stacy Carter, David Roder, Jackie Street, Kylie Sproston. The public interest in and social licence for the use of linked administrative data in therapeutic development, $80,000, Population Health Research Network/ National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy, 2019.

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6. Annette Braunack-Mayer, Xiaoqi Feng, Stacy Carter, Jackie Street. Enabling big data: Developing best practice for the public sector in big data ethics and policy. Faculty of Social Sciences Seed Funding Grant 2018. $13,830

7. Ward PR, Leask J, Carter S, Meyer S. Understanding parental (mis)trust in vaccines for children: a qualitative study. Funded by Flinders Medical Centre Foundation, Adelaide, 2014-15, $17,000.

8. Associate investigator (progress evaluation): NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence Centre for Informing Policy in Health with Evidence from Research (CIPHER); Prof Sally Redman lead investigator. Total Grant Budget: $AUD 2,594,266; 2010-2015; NHMRC 1001436.

9. Kerridge I, Stewart C, Carter S, Jordens C, Hooker C, Mills C, Cheung P, Hu W, Little JM, Letts J, Mitchell J, Walters W, Clout T. Developing clinical ethics capacity in NSW through partnership. NSW Health funded ethnography of hospital management of ethical issues. 2009-2010.

10. Ward P, Cole S, Young G, Tsourtos G, Aylward P, Wilson C, Misan G, Carter SM. Equity of bowel cancer screening: an epidemiological and qualitative study. South Australian Department of Health’s Strategic Health Research Program (SHRP) 2007-2008. (Associate Investigator)

11. van Beurden E, Zask A, Dart G, Williams G, Passey M, Carter SM. Understanding the link between tobacco dependence and cannabis use in rural NSW. Extent of the problem and opportunities for intervention. Funded by the National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre 2008.

PRIMARY SUPERVISION

CURRENT

1. Cheryl Travers, PhD Candidate, non-human animals in natural disasters 2. Mina Motamedi, PhD Candidate, Transvaginal mesh: Explaining and responding to low

incidence of severe harm in surgical innovation 3. Saniya Singh, PhD Candidate, Antimicrobial resistance: Understanding cultures and

practices in residential aged care

COMPLETED 1. Emma Frost, Honours Class 1, School of Health and Society UOW (awarded 2019) 2. Andrea Smith, PhD: Unassisted smoking cessation

Commenced 2012, PT, suspended 12 months due to illness 2016, recommenced 2017. Awarded 28th June 2018.

3. Kristen Pickles, PhD candidate: Prostate cancer screening in general practice Commenced 2012 , PT, awarded Nov 2017

4. Dr Jane Williams, PhD Organised Cervical Screening: Ethics, Values, and Evidence Commenced 2012, Awarded Sept 12th 2016 Australian Postgraduate Award

5. Dr Lisa Parker, PhD An empirical ethics analysis of breast cancer screening in Australia Commenced 2012, Awarded Aug 25th 2016 NHMRC Postgraduate Award

6. Dr Alexandra Sbaraini, PhD The process of providing preventive dental care: a grounded theory study of dentists’, dental teams’ and patients’ experiences. Awarded without conditions, awarded Peter Bancroft Prize 2013 Enrolled 2010, Awarded 2012

7. Vincy Li, MPhil: Reconceptualising health promotion: the role of values, ethics and evidence in obesity intervention. Awarded 2017.

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ASSOCIATE SUPERVISION CURRENT 1. Catherine Helps, PhD candidate (University of Sydney, Primary Supervisor Prof Julie

Leask)Vaccine refusal in the Northern Rivers district of NSW

2. Dr Sujeewa Palagoma, PhD candidate (Bond University, Primary Supervisor Prof PaulGlasziou)Are Artificial Intelligence based diagnostic applications discriminatory in healthcare, andwhat can be done about it?

COMPLETED

1. Dr Marita Hefler, PhDA natural history of smoking cessation among a cohort of disadvantaged young people(2010-2017 PT)

2. Dr Moira Stephens, PhDA grounded theory study of the experience of multiple myeloma(2007-2010)

3. Dr Kathy Flitcroft, PhDA comparative study of bowel cancer screening policy in three countries(2010-2013)

4. Dr Wendy Lipworth, PhDA critical examination of the process of peer review(2007-2009)

5. Dr Mary Assunta Kolandi, PhDThe transformation of the Japanese tobacco industry and the smoking culture bytransnational tobacco companies and the impact of this on tobacco control public policy.(2005-2007

CURRENT MEMBERSHIPS Australian Association of Bioethics and Health Law (2016-) International Association of Bioethics (2012-) Feminist Association of Bioethics (2012-)

REVIEWING AND REFEREEING Selected, last 5 years only

1. Tenure and promotion committees and processes – external refereeingUniversity of Sydney (appointed external assessor for promotion committee)University of Aberdeen 2019 (x2)University of Sydney 2019 (x2)University of Bristol 2018Kings College London 2018Macquarie University 2018University of Calgary 2018University of Toronto, 2014

2. Granting bodies and government agenciesNew Zealand Health Research Council’s Health Delivery Research Investment Round(2020-2022), National Health and Medical Research Council (2007-8, 2010, 2014, 2016),Tackling Indigenous Smoking Programme Innovation Grants (Indigenous Health Division,Australian Department of Health) 2016, Wellcome Trust (2014)

3. Journals

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The Breast (2019), Social Justice Research (2018), Journal of Public Policy and Marketing (2018), MJA (2018), BMC Medical Ethics (2017x3, 2019x2), Medicine Healthcare and Philosophy (2017), Healthcare Analysis (2017, 2019), Bioethics (2017, 2018), BMJ Open (2017), Journal of Medical Ethics (2016, 2019x2), Kennedy Ethics Journal (2019), Australian Journal of Rural Health (2018), Public Health Ethics, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, PLOS One, Social Science and Medicine, Public Health Reviews, Critical Public Health, American Journal of Bioethics, Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, Journal of Social Marketing, Qualitative Health Research, American Journal of Public Health, Health, Health Policy, Health Sociology Review, Health Expectations, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

4. Conferences Preventing Overdiagnosis Conference, Copenhagen 2018

RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS

Scholarly book chapters and reference works 1. Carter SM. Grounded theory and empirical ethics In: Bryant A, Charmaz K, editors. The

SAGE Handbook of Current Developments in Grounded Theory. 2nd ed. London: SAGE Publications; 2019 pp. 547-567.

2. Entwistle VA, Carter SM. Discussion: Attending to Values and Quality of Patient Involvement in HTA. In: Facey KM, Ploug Hansen H, Single ANV, editors. Patient Involvement in Health Technology Assessment. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2017. p. 81-6.

3. Carter, S.M., 2016. Ethics and Health Promotion. In: Quah, S.R. and Cockerham, W.C. (eds.) The International Encyclopedia of Public Health, 2nd edition. vol. 3, pp. 1–6. Oxford: Academic Press (Elsevier).

4. Parker L, Carter SM. Ethical and societal considerations in breast cancer screening. In: Houssami N, Miglioretti DL, Editors. Breast Cancer Screening: The scientific evidence. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. ISBN 978-0-12-802209-2 pp. 347-374.

5. McCaffery K, Jacklyn G, Barratt A, Brodersen J, Glasziou P, Carter S, Hicks N, Howard K, Irwig L Moving From Evidence to Action: Recommendations About Screening. In Guyatt G, Rennie D, Meade MO, Cook DJ Editors. Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: A manual for Evidence-based Clinical Practice (3rd ed.) New York: American Medical Association/ McGraw Hill Companies; 2015:p 593-608. ISBN 978-0-07-179071-0

6. Sbaraini A, Carter SM, Evans RW, Blinkhorn A. How to do a grounded theory study: a worked example of a study of dental practices. In: Clarke AE, Charmaz K, Editors. Grounded theory and situational analysis (Four Volume Set). London: SAGE; 2014. ISBN:9780857027801 http://www.uk.sagepub.com/books/Book235814/toc

7. Carter SM. Utilization of Cancer Prevention Services. In Cockerham WC, Dingwall R, and Quah S, Editors. The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2014. ISBN: 9781444330762

8. Carter SM, Kerridge I, Rychetnik L, King L. The ethical implications of intervening in bodyweight. In: Baur L, Twigg S, Magnusson R, Editors. A Modern Epidemic - Expert Perspectives on Obesity and Diabetes. Sydney: Sydney University Press; 2012: 191-206. ISBN 978192899851

9. Carter SM. Enacting internal coherence as a path to quality in qualitative inquiry. In: Higgs J, Cherry N, Macklin R, Ajjawi R, Editors. Researching practice: A discourse on qualitative methodologies, Vol 2 Practice, Education, Work and Society Series. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers; 2010:143-152. ISBN: 9460911811

Publications in peer reviewed journals 1. Carter, SM. Methodological challenges in deliberative empirical ethics. Journal of Medical

Ethics. Accepted for publication 6th May 2020. 2. Degeling C; Carter SM; van Oijen A; McAnulty J; Sintchenko V; Braunack-Mayer A;

Yarwood T; Johnson J; Gilbert GL. Community perspectives on the benefits and risks of technologically enhanced communicable disease surveillance systems: a report on four

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community juries. BMC Med Ethics 21, 31 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-020-00474-6

3. Williams, J, Carter, SM, & Rychetnik, L. Evidence-based cervical screening: experts' normative views of evidence and the role of the 'evidence-based brand’. Evidence & Policy, February, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1332/174426418X15378680442744

4. Carter SM, Rogers W, Win KT, Frazer H, Richards B, Houssami N. The ethical, legal and social implications of using artificial intelligence systems in breast cancer care. The Breast. 2020;49:25-32.

5. Pickles K, Lancsar E, Seymour J, Parkin D, Donaldson C, Carter SM. Accounts from developers of generic health state utility instruments explain why they produce different QALYs: A qualitative study. Soc Sci Med. 2019;240:112560.

6. Carter SM. Why does cancer screening persist despite the potential to harm? Science, Technology and Society. Accepted July 10th 2019.

7. Scott AM, Sims R, Degeling C, Carter SM, Thomas R. Developing and applying a deductive coding framework to assess the goals of Citizen/Community Jury deliberations. Health Expectations, 2019; 22(3): 537-546.

8. Weir KR, Bonner C, McCaffery K, Naganathan V, Carter SM, Rigby D, Trevena L, McLachlan A & Jansen J. Pharmacists and patients sharing decisions about medicines: development and feasibility of a Conversation Guide. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2019; 15(6):682-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.08.009

9. Helps, C, Leask, J, Barclay, L, Carter, SM. Understanding non-vaccinating parents’ views to inform and improve clinical encounters: a qualitative study in an Australian community. 2019, BMJ Open, 9: e026299. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026299.

10. Rogers, W.A., Entwistle, V.A. & Carter, S.M., “Risk, overdiagnosis, and ethical justifications”, Health Care Analysis, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-019-00369-7.

11. Hefler, M. and S. M. Carter Smoking to fit a stigmatised identity? A qualitative study of marginalised young people in Australia. Health. 2019; 23(3): 306-324 https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459317745690

12. Carter SM. “Valuing healthcare improvement: implicit norms, explicit normativity, and human agency”, Health Care Analysis. 2018, 26 (2), 189-205.

13. Haynes A, Butow P, Brennan S, Williamson A, Redman S, Carter S, et al. The pivotal position of ‘liaison people’: facilitating a research utilisation intervention in policy agencies. Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice. 2018, 14 (1), 7-34. https://doi.org/10.1332/174426416X14817284217163

14. Degeling C, Barratt A, Aranda S, Bell R, Doust J, Houssami N, Hersch J, Sakowsky R, Entwistle V, Carter S. Should women aged 70-74 be invited to participate in screening mammography? A report on two Australian community juries. BMJ Open 2018;8:e021174. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021174

15. Moynihan R, Barratt A, Buchbinder R, Carter SM, Dakin T, Donovan J, Elshaug A, Glasziou P, Maher C, McCaffery K, Scott I. Australia is responding to the complex challenge of overdiagnosis. Med J Aust 2018; 209 (8): 332-334. doi: 10.5694/mja17.01138.

16. Degeling C, Johnson J, Iredell J, Nguyen K-A, Norris JM, Turnidge JD, Dawson A, Carter SM, Gilbert GL. Assessing the public acceptability of proposed policy interventions to reduce the misuse of antibiotics in Australia: A report on two community juries. Health Expect. 2018; 21(1): 90-99. DOI: 10.1111/hex.12589

17. Pickles K, Carter SM, Rychetnik L, McCaffery K, Entwistle VA. Primary goals, information-giving and men’s understanding: a qualitative study of Australian and UK doctors’ varied communication about PSA screening. BMJ Open 2018;8:e018009. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018009

18. Carter S, Barratt A. What is overdiagnosis and why should we take it seriously in cancer screening? Public Health Research & Practice. 2017;27(3):e2731722.

19. Armstrong BK BM, Frydenberg M, Gardiner RA, Haines I, Carter SM. PSA testing for men at average risk of prostate cancer. Public health research and practice. 2017;27(3):e2731721.

20. Carter SM. Overdiagnosis, ethics, and trolley problems: why factors other than outcomes matter—an essay by Stacy Carter. BMJ. 2017;358:j3872.

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21. Parker L, Carter S, Williams J, Pickles K, Barratt A. Avoiding harm and supporting autonomy are under-prioritised in cancer-screening policies and practices. Eur J Cancer. 2017;85:1-5.

22. Weir K, Nickel B, Naganathan V, Bonner C, McCaffery K, Carter SM, et al. Decision-Making Preferences and Deprescribing: Perspectives of Older Adults and Companions About Their Medicines. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 2017:gbx138-gbx. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx138 [Featured in Virtual Collection on Qualitative Methods in the October 2018 edition]

23. Smith AL, Carter SM, Dunlop SM, Freeman B, Chapman S. Revealing the complexity of quitting smoking: a qualitative grounded theory study of the natural history of quitting in Australian ex-smokers. Tob Control. Online 23 November 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053919

24. Carter SM, Mayes C, Eagle L, Dahl S. A Code of Ethics for Social Marketing? Bridging Procedural Ethics and Ethics-in-Practice. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing. 2017;29(1):20-38.

25. Degeling C, Rychetnik L, Street J, Thomas R, Carter SM. Influencing health policy through public deliberation: Lessons learned from two decades of Citizens'/community juries. Soc Sci Med. 2017;179:166-71.

26. Smith AL, Carter SM, Dunlop SM, Freeman B, Chapman S. Measured, opportunistic, unexpected and naïve quitting: a qualitative grounded theory study of the process of quitting from the ex-smokers’ perspective. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):430.

27. Pickles K, Carter SM, Rychetnik L, Entwistle VA. Doctors' perspectives on PSA testing illuminate established differences in prostate cancer screening rates between Australia and the UK: a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(12) :e011932. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011932

28. Williams JH, Carter SM. An empirical study of the ‘underscreened’ in organised cervical screening: experts focus on increasing opportunity as a way of reducing differences in screening rates. BMC Medical Ethics. 2016;17(1):1-12.

29. Carter, S. M., Degeling, C., Doust, J., & Barratt, A. A definition and ethical evaluation of overdiagnosis. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2016;42:705-714. doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102928

30. Carter, S. M., Doust, J., Degeling, C., & Barratt, A. A definition and ethical evaluation of overdiagnosis: response to commentaries. Journal of Medical Ethics. 2016;42:722-724 doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103822

31. Thomas R, Sims R, Degeling C, Street J, Carter SM, Rychetnik L, Whitty JA, Wilson A, Ward P, Glasziou P. CJCheck Stage 1: development and testing of a checklist for reporting community juries -Delphi process and analysis of studies published 1996-2015. Health Expectations. 2016; doi:10.1111/hex.12493

32. Williams J, Carter SM, Rychetnik L. Contested Guideline Development in Australia’s Cervical Screening Program: Values Drive Different Views of the Purpose and Implementation of Organized Screening. Public Health Ethics. 2017;10(1):5-18.

33. Degeling C, Carter SM, Rychetnik L. All care, but whose responsibility? Community juries reason about expert and patient responsibilities in prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer. Health 2016 Sep;20(5):465-84. doi:10.1177/1363459316660862.

34. Kristen Pickles, Stacy Carter, Lucie Rychetnik, Vikki Entwistle and Kirsten McCaffery. General Practitioners' Experiences of, and Responses to, Uncertainty in Prostate Cancer Screening: Insights from a Qualitative Study. Accepted for publication in PLOSOne 2016 Apr 21;11(4):e0153299. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153299.

35. Lisa M. Parker and Stacy M. Carter. The role of socially embedded concepts in breast cancer screening: an empirical study with Australian experts. Public Health Ethics (2016) 9(3): 276-289. doi: 10.1093/phe/phw012

36. McCaffery K, Jansen J, Scherer L, Thornton H, Hersch J, Carter SM, Barratt A, Sheridan S, Moynihan R, Waller J, Pickles K, Edwards A. Walking the tightrope: communicating overdiagnosis in modern healthcare. BMJ 2016;352:i348 doi: 10.1136/bmj.i348

37. Jansen J, Naganathan V, Carter SM, McLachlan A, Nickel B, Irwig L, Bonner C, Doust J, Heaney A, Turner R, McCaffery K. Too Much Medicine in older people? Deprescribing through Shared Decision Making. BMJ 2016 Jun 3;353:i2893. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i2893.

38. Parker LM, Rychetnik L, Carter SM. The role of communication in breast cancer screening: a qualitative study with Australian experts. BMC Cancer 2015;15(1):741. doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1749-0

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39. Degeling C, Rychetnik L, Pickles K, Thomas R, Doust J, Gardiner F, Glasziou P, Newson A, Carter SM. “What should happen before asymptomatic men decide whether or not to have a PSA test?” A report on three community juries. Medical Journal of Australia. 2015 Oct 19; 203(8):335. doi:10.5694/mja15.00164

40. Parker LM, Rychetnik L, Carter SM. Framing overdiagnosis in breast screening: an empirical study with Australian experts. BMC Cancer. 2015 Aug 28;15:606. doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1603-4 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/15/606

41. Parker LM, Rychetnik L, Carter SM. Values in breast cancer screening: an empirical study with Australian experts. BMJ Open 2015 May 20;5:e006333. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006333 http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/5/e006333.full

42. Smith A, Carter SM, Dunlop S, Freeman B, Chapman S. The views and experiences of smokers who quit unassisted. A systematic review of the qualitative evidence. PLoS ONE 2015 May 26;10(5):e0127144. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127144 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0127144

43. Carter SM, Entwistle VA, Little M. Relational conceptions of paternalism: a way to rebut nanny-state accusations and evaluate public health interventions. Public Health. 2015 Aug;129(8):1021-9. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.03.007

44. Smith A, Carter SM, Dunlop S, Freeman B, Chapman S. Why do smokers try to quit without medication or counselling? A qualitative study with ex-smokers. BMJ Open 2015,Apr 30;5:e007301 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007301 http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/4/e007301.full

45. Degeling C, Carter SM, Rychetnik L. Which public and why deliberate? A scoping review of public deliberation in public health and health policy research. Social Science & Medicine 2015;131:114-121 doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.009

46. Carter SM, Rogers W, Heath I, Degeling C, Doust J, Barratt A. The challenge of overdiagnosis begins with its definition (invited). BMJ 2015;350:h869 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h869

47. Pickles K, Carter SM, Rychetnik L. Doctors’ approaches to PSA testing and overdiagnosis in primary healthcare: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2015, Mar 17;5:e006367 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006367

48. Carter SM, Williams J, Parker L, Pickles K, Jacklyn G, Rychetnik L, Barratt A. Screening for cervical, prostate and breast cancer: interpreting the evidence. Am J Prev Med. 2015 Aug;49(2):274-85. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.01.009

49. Li V, Carter SM, Rychetnik L. Evidence valued and used by health promotion practitioners. Health Education Research. 2015; 30(2):193-205. doi: 10.1093/her/cyu071

50. Carter SM. The ethics of menu labelling. Public Health Ethics. 2015; 8(1):94-97. doi: 10.1093/phe/phu044

51. Klinner C, Carter SM, Rychetnik L, Li V, Daley M, Zask A, Lloyd B. Integrating research- and relationship-based approaches in Australian health promotion practice. Health Promotion International. 2015; 30(4):891-902. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dau026

52. Haynes A, Brennan S, Carter SM, O’Connor D, Huckel Schneider C, Turner T, Gallego G. Protocol for the process evaluation of a complex intervention designed to increase the use of research in health policy and program organisations (the SPIRIT study). Implementation Science. 2014; 9(1):113. doi:10.1186/s13012-014-0113-0

53. Williams JH, Carter SM, Rychetnik L. ‘Organised’ cervical screening 45 years on: How consistent are organised screening practices? Eur J Cancer. 2014; 50(17):3029–3038. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2014.09.005

54. Williams J, Carter SM, Rychetnik L. Information provision in cervical screening in Australia. MJA 2014; 201(5): 295-297. DOI: 10.5694/mja13.10999

55. Carter SM. Health promotion: an ethical analysis. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2014;25(1):19-24 doi: 10.1071/HE13074.

56. Williamson A, Redman S, Haynes A, Barker D, Jorm L, Green S, Blyth F, Lewis N, Shakeshaft A, D'Este, Huw Davies C, Louviere J, Flynn T, Haines M, Milat A, O'Connor D, Thackway S, Carter SM, Darsana E, McGrath C, Makkar S, Turner T, Campbell D. Supporting Policy In health with Research: an Intervention Trial (SPIRIT)—protocol for a stepped wedge trial. BMJ Open. 2014;4(7):e005293 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005293

57. Flitcroft K, Gillespie J, Carter SM, Salkeld G, Trevena L. Incorporating evidence and politics in health policy: Can institutionalising evidence review make a difference? Evidence & Policy. 2014;10(3):439-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/174426514X672399

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58. Banbury A, Zask A, Carter SM, van Beurden E, Tokley R, Passey M, Copeland J. Smoking Mull: a grounded theory model on the dynamics of combined tobacco and cannabis use among men. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2013 Aug;24(2):143-50. doi: 10.1071/HE13037.

59. Rychetnik L, Carter SM, Abelson J, Thornton H, Barratt A, Entwistle VA, Mackenzie G, Salkeld G, Glasziou P. Enhancing Citizen Engagement in Cancer Screening Through Deliberative Democracy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(6):380-6. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djs649

60. Rychetnik L, Carter SM, Barratt A, Irwig L. Expanding the evidence on cancer screening: the value of scientific, 28 and ethical perspectives. The Medical Journal of Australia. 2013;198(10):536-539. doi:10.5694/mja12.11275

61. Sbaraini A, Carter SM, Evans RW, Blinkhorn A. How do dentists and their teams incorporate evidence about preventive care? An empirical study. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 2013 Oct;41(5):401-14. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12033

62. Carter SM, Cribb A, Allegrante JP. How to think about health promotion ethics. Public Health Reviews. 2012;34(1):122-145. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11699

63. Flitcroft KL, Irwig LM, Carter SM, Salkeld GP, Gillespie JA. Colorectal cancer screening: Why immunochemical fecal occult blood tests may be the best option. BMC Gastroenterology 2012 Dec 29;12:183. doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-12-183.

64. Mathieu E, Barratt A, Carter SM and Jamtvedt G. Internet trials: participant experiences and perspectives. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2012 Oct 23;12:162. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-12-162.

65. Carter SM, Klinner C, Kerridge I, Rychetnik L, Li V, Fry D. The Ethical Commitments of Health Promotion Practitioners: An Empirical Study from New South Wales, Australia. Public Health Ethics. 2012;5(2):128-39 doi: 10.1093/phe/phs014.

66. Carter SM, Kerridge I, Sainsbury P and Letts JK. Public health ethics: informing better public health practice (peer reviewed editorial). NSW Public Health Bulletin 2012; 23(6):101-106 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/NB12066 [Subsequently republished by Environmental Health WA; digested by Australian Policy Online Weekly Briefing 3 July 2012]

67. Sbaraini A, Carter SM, Evans W and Blinkhorn A. Experiences of dental care: what do patients value? BMC Health Services Research. 2012 Jun 24;12(1):177 doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-177.

68. Sbaraini A, Carter SM, Evans W. How do dentists understand evidence and adopt it in practice? Health Education Journal. 2012; 71(2): 195-204. doi: 10.1177/0017896911434427.

69. Javanparast S, Ward PR, Carter SM & Wilson C. Barriers to and facilitators of colorectal cancer screening in different population subgroups in Adelaide, South Australia. Medical Journal of Australia. 2012;196(8):521-523. doi: 10.5694/mja11.10701.

70. Flitcroft KL, St John DJB, Howard K, Carter SM, Pignone MP, Salkeld GP, Trevena LJ. A comparative case study of bowel cancer screening in the UK and Australia: evidence lost in translation? Journal of Medical Screening 2011;18(4):193-203. doi: 10.1258/jms.2011.011066.

71. Sbaraini A, Carter SM, Evans RW and Blinkhorn A. How to do a grounded theory study: a worked example of a study of dental practices. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2011 Sep 9;11:128. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-11-128.

72. Flitcroft KL, Gillespie JA, Carter SM, Trevena LJ and Salkeld GP. When good evidence is not enough: the role of context in bowel cancer screening policy in New Zealand. Evidence & Policy. 2011;7(3): 307-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/174426411X591735

73. Lipworth W, Kerridge I, Carter SM, Little JM. Should biomedical publishing be ‘opened-up’? Towards a values-based peer-review process. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. 2011; 8(3): 267-280. DOI: 10.1007/s11673-011-9312-4

74. Lipworth W, Kerridge I, Carter SM, Little M. Journal peer review in context: A qualitative study of the social and subjective dimensions of manuscript review in biomedical publishing. Social Science & Medicine. 2011 Apr;72(7):1056-63. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.002.

75. Forsyth R, Scanlan C, Carter S M, Jordens C F C, Kerridge I. Decision Making in a Crowded Room: The Relational Significance of Social Roles in Decisions to Proceed With Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Qualitative Health Research. 2011 Sep;21(9):1260-72. doi: 10.1177/1049732311405802

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76. Lipworth W, Hooker C, Carter SM. 2010. Balance, balancing and health. Qualitative Health Research 2011 May;21(5):714-25. doi: 10.1177/1049732311399781

77. Carter SM, Entwistle VA, McCaffery K, Rychetnik L. Shared Health Governance: The Potential Danger of Oppressive “Healthism”. The American Journal of Bioethics 2011; 11(7): 57-59. doi: 10.1080/15265161.2011.566668.

78. Carter SM, Rychetnik L, Lloyd B, Kerridge IH, Baur L, Bauman A, Hooker C, Zask A. Evidence, ethics and values: a framework for health promotion. American Journal of Public Health 2011 Mar;101(3):465-72. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.195545.

79. Flitcroft K, Gillespie J, Salkeld G, Carter SM, Trevena L. Getting evidence into policy: The need for deliberative strategies? Soc Sci Med 2011 Apr;72(7):1039-46. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.01.034.

80. Carter SM, Samuel GN, Kerridge I, Day R, Ankeny RA, Jordens CFC, Komesaroff P. Beyond rhetoric in debates about the ethics of marketing prescription medicines to consumers: The importance of vulnerability in people, situations and relationships. American Journal of Bioethics Primary Research 2010;1(1):11-21.

81. Javanparast S, Ward PR, Young GP, Wilson C, Carter SM, Misan G, Cole S, Jiwa M, Tsourtos G, Martini A, Gill T, Baratiny G, Ah Matt M. How equitable are colorectal cancer screening programs which include FOBTs? A review of qualitative and quantitative studies. Preventive Medicine 2010;50:165–172. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.02.003.

82. Entwistle VA, Carter SM, Cribb A, McCaffery K. Supporting patient autonomy: the importance of clinician-patient relationships. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2010 Jul;25(7):741-5. doi: 10.1007/s11606-010-1292-2

83. Lipworth WL, Davey HM, Carter SM, Hooker C, Hu W. Beliefs and beyond: what can we learn from qualitative studies of lay people's understandings of cancer risk? Health Expectations 2010;13(2):113–124. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00601.x.

84. Hooker C, Carter SM, Davey H. Writing the risk of cancer: cancer risk in public policy. Health, Risk and Society 2009;11(6):541-560. doi:10.1080/13698570903329458.

85. Carter SM, Ritchie JE, Sainsbury P. Doing good qualitative research in public health: not as easy as it looks. NSW Public Health Bulletin 2009;20(7–8):1-6. http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/227/issue/5065.htm (Peer reviewed editorial)

86. Carter SM. Beware dichotomies and grand abstractions: attending to particularity and practice in empirical bioethics. American Journal of Bioethics 2009;9(6-7):76-77. doi: 10.1080/15265160902874346.

87. Carter SM, Hooker C, Davey H. Writing social determinants into and out of cancer control: an assessment of policy practice. Social Science & Medicine 2009; 68(8):1448-1455. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.029.

88. Tong A, Sainsbury P, Chadban S, Walker RG, Harris DC, Carter SM, Hall B, Hawley C, Craig JC. Patients' Experiences and Perspectives of Living with CKD. American Journal of Kidney Disease. 2009;53(4):689-700. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.10.050.

89. Tong A, Sainsbury P, Carter SM, Hall B, Harris DC, Walker RG, Hawley CM, Chadban S, Craig JC. Patients’ priorities for health research: focus group study of patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2008 Oct;23(10):3206-14. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn207

90. Entwistle V, Carter SM, Trevena L, Flitcroft K, Irwig L, McCaffrey K, Salkeld G. Communicating about screening. BMJ 2008; 337:789-791. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1591. [See also: Rapid response. Entwistle VA, Carter SM and Flitcroft K on behalf of the original authorship group. 'Consider an offer' approach to communication requires more than making an offer. http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/11/02/consider-offer-approach-communication-requires-more-making-offer]

91. Lipworth W, Carter SM, Kerridge I. The “EBM Movement”: Where did it come from, where is it going, and why does it matter? Social Epistemology: A Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Policy 2008;22(4):425–431. doi: 10.1080/02691720802559446

92. Carter SM, Jordens CFC, McGrath C, Little M. You Have to Make Something of All That Rubbish, Do You? An Empirical Investigation of the Social Process of Qualitative Research. Qualitative Health Research 2008; 18 (9): 1264-1276. doi: 10.1177/1049732308321753.

93. Carter SM, Little M. Justifying knowledge, justifying method, taking action: epistemologies, methodologies and methods in qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research 2007; 17(10): 1316-1328. doi: 10.1177/1049732307306927

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94. Little M, Jordens CFC, McGrath C, Montgomery K, Kerridge I and Carter SM. Pragmaticpluralism: Mutual tolerance of contested understandings between orthodox andalternative practitioners in autologous stem cell transplantation. Social Science &Medicine 2007; 64(7): 1512-1523.

95. Carter SM, Chapman S. Smokers and non-smokers talk about regulatory options intobacco control. Tobacco Control 2006;15: 398-404.

96. Quine S, Carter, SM. Australian baby boomers' expectations and plans for their old age.Australasian Journal on Ageing 2006: 25(1);3-8.

97. Carter SM. Tobacco Document Research Reporting. Tobacco Control 2005; 14: 368-376.[This paper was accompanied by an editorial: Balbach ED and Barbeau EM. Beyondquagmires: the evolving quality of documents research. Tobacco Control 2005; 14: 361-362.]

98. Carter SM. Going below the line: creating transportable brands for Australia’s darkmarket. Tobacco Control 2003;12(suppl III), iii87-94.

99. Carter SM. New frontier, new power: the retail environment in Australia’s dark market.Tobacco Control 2003;12(suppl III), iii95-101.

100. Carter SM. The Australian cigarette brand as product, person and symbol. TobaccoControl 2003;12(suppl III), iii79-86.

101. Carter SM. Cooperation and control: the Tobacco Institute of Australia. TobaccoControl 2003;12(suppl III), iii54-60.

102. Carter SM. From legitimate consumers to public relations pawns: the tobacco industryand young Australians. Tobacco Control 2003;12(suppl III), iii71-78.

103. Carter SM, Chapman S. Smoking, disease and obdurate denial: the Australiantobacco industry in the 1980s. Tobacco Control 2003;12(suppl III), iii23-30.

104. Chapman S, Byrne FR, Carter SM. "Australia is one of the darkest markets in theworld": the global importance of Australian tobacco control. Tobacco Control2003;12(suppl III), iii1-3.

105. King W, Carter SM, Borland R, Chapman S, Gray N. The Australian Tar Derby: theorigins and fate of a low-tar harm reduction programme. Tobacco Control 2003;12(supplIII), iii61-70.

106. Chapman S, Carter SM. "Avoid health warnings on all tobacco products for just aslong as we can": a history of Australian tobacco industry efforts to avoid, delay and dilutehealth warnings on cigarettes. Tobacco Control 2003;12(suppl III), iii13-22.

107. Chapman S, Carter SM, Peters M. "A Deep Fragrance of Academia": the AustralianTobacco Research Foundation. Tobacco Control 2003;12(suppl III), iii38-44.

108. Carter SM. Mongoven, Biscoe & Duchin: destroying tobacco control activism from theinside. Tobacco Control. 2002;11(2):112-8.

109. Carter SM, Chapman S. John’s $12 tonic: Press coverage of the government’s sellingof a private health insurance rebate. Australian and New Zealand Journal of PublicHealth. 2001;25(3):265-271.

110. Chan JB, Carter SM, McAllister L. Sources of anxiety related to clinical education inundergraduate speech-language pathology students. Australian Journal HumanCommunication Disorders. 1994;22(1):57-73.

Refereed Conference Papers 1. Carter SM, Eagle L, Dahl S, Low D. Social Marketing Ethical Dilemmas: Pursuing

Practical Solutions for Pressing Problems. World Social Marketing Conference Sydney19- 22 April 2015. http://wsmconference.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/WSM-2015-Proceedings-book.pdf

Commentaries, editorials and perspective pieces 1. Carter SM. Debating diversity: a commentary on Standards of practice in empirical

bioethics research. BMC Medical Ethics. 2018;19(1):67.

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2. Carter, SM, Barratt, A, Doust, J, Degeling, C. Letter: “Defining, Estimating, and Communicating Overdiagnosis in Cancer Screening”. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2018, 169 (11), pp.823-824. https://doi.org/10.7326/L18-0515.

3. Stacy M. Carter, Alexandra Barratt, Jenny Doust and Chris Degeling. Defining overdiagnosis: individuals, populations and harm. Letter. Annals of Internal Medicine, accepted 11th Sept 2018.

4. McGill S, Carter S. Cancer screening: concerns, controversy and evidence. Public Health Research & Practice. 2017;27(3):e2731720.

5. Carter SM. Overdiagnosis: an important issue that demands rigour and precision: Comment on Medicalisation and overdiagnosis: what society does to medicine. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6. Published online: 25 February 2017. DOI:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.24

6. Stacy Carter. Ethical aspects of cancer screening (invited review). Cancer Forum (official journal of Cancer Council Australia and the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia). 2016; 40(2). http://cancerforum.org.au/forum/2016/july/ethical-aspects-of-cancer-screening/

7. Braunack-Mayer A, Carter SM. Ethics and health promotion: research, theory, policy and practice. 2015; 26(3):165-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HEv26n3_ED1

8. Carter SM, Braunack-Mayer A, Jancey J. Health promotion practice, research ethics and publishing in the Health Promotion Journal of Australia. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2015; 26(3):167-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HEv26n3_ED2

9. Binns C, Howat P, Jancey J, Carter SM. The Surgeon General’s ‘Smoking and Health’: a continuing challenge. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2014; 25(2):69–70 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HEv25n2_ED

10. Carter SM, Jancey J. A journal for and with health promotion practitioners and researchers. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2013;24(2):81 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/HEv24n2_ED

11. Carter SM, Walls H. Viewpoint: Separating the Science and Politics of “Obesity”. JAMA Forum, 14th Feb 2013. http://newsatjama.jama.com/2013/02/14/jama-forum-separating-the-science-and-politics-of-obesity/

12. Carter SM, Rychetnik L. Symposium editorial: A Public Health Ethics Approach to Non-Communicable Diseases. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry. 2013; 10(1):17-18. doi: 10.1007/s11673-013-9426-y

13. Binns C, Jancey J, Howat P and Carter SM. Evidence-based practice? Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 2012: 23(3);163.

14. Carter, SM. What is health promotion ethics? Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 2012;23(1):4.

15. Carter SM. Worshipping at the Alpine Altar: promoting tobacco in a world without advertising. Tobacco Control Dec 2001:10(4); 391-393.

Published abstracts 1. Carter S, Win K, Wang L, Rogers W, Richards B, Houssami N. 65 Ethical, legal and

social implications of artificial intelligence systems for screening and diagnosis. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 2019;24(Suppl 2):A37-A8.

2. McCaffery K, Carter S, Thomas R, Degeling C, Nickel B, Copp T, et al. 2 What’s in a name? Defining and labelling disease and its role in reducing overdiagnosis and overtreatment. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 2019;24(Suppl 2):A1-A.

3. Carter S, Donovan J, Fox M, McCaffery K, Moynihan R, Rozbroj T. 7 How should we communicate about overdiagnosis? When we talk about overdiagnosis, what do people hear? BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 2019;24(Suppl 2):A6-A.

4. Rogers W, Carter S, Hofmann B, Reid L. 20 Why are the harms of overdiagnosis treated less seriously than other iatrogenic harms? BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 2019;24(Suppl 2):A16-A7.

5. L Reid, S Carter, B Hofmann, W Rogers. On the relevance of definitions: three conceptually challenging issues in overdiagnosis BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 2018: 23 (Suppl 2), A26-A26

6. B Hofmann, W Rogers, S Carter, L Reid. Overdiagnosis: a multi level problem. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 2018: 23 (Suppl 2), A23-A23

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7. C Degeling, EJ McEwin, R Moynihan, SM Carter. The introduction and demise of full body computed tomography (CT) scanning in Australia: implications for preventing overdiagnosis. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2018: 23 (Suppl 2), A5-A5

8. KR Weir, C Bonner, V Naganathan, K McCaffery, A McLachlan, S Carter et. al. Preventing overtreatment in older age by prioritising medicines. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2018: 23 (Suppl 2), A31-A31

9. HM Obemair, RH Dodd, C Bonner, J Jansen, S Carter, K McCaffery. Women’s attitudes to Australian cervical screenin program changes as expressed in an online petition. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 2017: 27. 1757-1757.

10. KA Strong, I Kerridge, CFC Jordens, RA Ankeny, PJ Shaw, TA O’Brien, SM Carter, K Barlow-Stewart. Creating savior siblings for transplantation: Discrepancy between parental wishes and clinical practice. Blood 2008: 112 (11), 744-744.

Presentations and workshops 2020: 1. Ruben Sakowsky (presenter), Vikki Entwistle, Stacy Carter, Chris Degeling. Expanding

the valuation space of health preference elicitation: What range of normative considerations are deliberative approaches sensitive to? World Congress of Bieoethics. Philadelphia, United States of America. June 2020.

2. Chris Degeling (presenter), Jane H. Williams, Peter Massey, Lyn Gilbert, RG Moss, Stacy Carter, Pattie Shih, Annette Braunack-Mayer, J McVernon. Pandemic vaccination strategies: 3 citizens’ juries adjudicate on whether we should protect the most vulnerable or seek to maximize vaccine utility. World Congress of Bieoethics. Philadelphia, United States of America. June 2020.

2019: 1. SM. Carter (presenter). Reducing harms or promissory hype? A preliminary social and

ethical analysis of artificial intelligence in breast screening systems. The Ethics of Data Science Conference. Sydney, Australia. March 2019.

2. Annette Braunack-Mayer (presenter), Jackie Street, Stacy Carter, Belinda Fabrianesi, Rebecca Bosward, David Roder, Kylie Sproston. Public interest and the social licence for data sharing with the private sector: a scoping review of community and stakeholder perspectives. 8th Annual NHMRC Symposium on Research Translation, 20 - 21 November 2019, Melbourne.

3. Chris Degeling (presenter), Antoine van Oijen, Jeremy McAnulty, Lyn Gilbert, Vitali Sintchenko, Annette Braunack-Mayer, Trent Yarwood, Stacy Carter. Balancing the benefits and risks of technologically enhanced communicable disease surveillance systems: A report on four community juries. 8th Annual NHMRC Symposium on Research Translation, 20 - 21 November 2019, Melbourne.

2018: 1. Lynette Reid (presenter), Stacy Carter, Bjørn Hofmann and Wendy Rogers. On the

relevance of definitions: three conceptually challenging issues in overdiagnosis. Preventing Overdiagnosis Conference, Copenhagen, August 2018

2. Bjørn Hofmann (presenter), Lynette Reid, Stacy Carter and Wendy Rogers. Overdiagnosis: a multi level problem. Preventing Overdiagnosis Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 2018

3. Wendy Rogers, Stacy Carter, Vikki Entwistle (presenter). Overdiagnosis and questions of when it is justifiable to impose risks of harm in health care: a need for theoretical development. International Association of Bioethics Conference, Bangalore, India, December 2018.

4. Carter S (presenter), Entwistle V , Leach-Scully J. Authority in empirical bioethics. Australasian Association of Bioethics Conference, Townsville, Australia, September 2018.

5. Carter S , Entwistle V , McWhirter B , Lysaght T (co-facilitators). Practices and standards in empirical (bio)ethics research : an open discussion. Workshop at Australasian Association of Bioethics Conference, Townsville, Australia, September 2018.

6. Wendy Rogers, Stacy Carter, Vikki Entwistle. Overdiagnosis and risk: when is it justifiable to impose risk of harm in health care? Australasian Association of Bioethics Conference, Townsville, Australia, September 2018.

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2017 includes: plenary at the Preventing Overdiagnosis Conference in Quebec City (August), plenary at the International Conference on Qualitative Research in KL, Malaysia (August), invited symposium at the University of Newcastle, UK (May), invited presentation to the National Prescribing Service (Feb) 2016 presentations include: panel and paper at the Feminist Association of Bioethics and International Association of Bioethics meetings in Edinburgh, workshop and paper at the Australiasian Association of Bioethics and Health Law Conference in Melbourne, invited presentation and panel discussion on bowel cancer screening at the annual meeting of the Gastroenterology Society of Australia, invited presentation and participation in a workshop on Recognition at Macquarie University.

SERVICE

Engagement with external stakeholders (last 5 years only) 1. European Association of Centre of Medical Ethics – report on workshop on ethics in

improvement science (including my work) – 2019 (led by Lucy Frith, University of Liverpool UK).

2. Led submission, in collaboration with Profs Nehmat Houssami (Sydney), Helen Frazer (Melbourne) and Bernadette Richards (Adelaide) to Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists’ Draft Ethical Principles for AI in Medicine (May 2019).

3. Led submission, in collaboration with Profs Nehmat Houssami (Sydney) and Wendy Rogers (Macquarie) to the Australian Human Rights Commission’s consultation on their 2019 White Paper entitled Artificial Intelligence Governance and Leadership.

4. Interview for Medical Republic on qualitative research, 13th March 2019 5. Commissioned summary of paper on relational conceptions of paternalism published on

blog of Centre for Health and the Public Interest, November 2016. Authors: Vikki A. Entwistle, Stacy M. Carter, Miles Little. https://chpi.org.uk/

6. Invited to participate in a panel on the ethics of CRC screening, Australian Gastroenterology Week, Adelaide, Oct 10-12 2016.

7. With Ray Moynihan. Preventing overdiagnosis and overuse meeting, August 6th 2015 (held at University of Sydney in collaboration with Bond University). This was an invitation-only meeting of high-level decision makers; I planned and facilitated the session designed to elicit and prioritise possible strategies to intervene to reduce overdiagnosis.

8. Presented by invitation on Public Health Ethics to Australian Faculty of Public Health Medicine National Training Days Thursday 26th March 2015 (Royal Australian College of Physicians Training Centre, Sydney).

9. Work with the occupation of social marketing on social marketing ethics, involving Australian Association of Social Marketing, International Association of Social Marketing, European Association of Social Marketing, 2015 to present.

10. Presented as part of invited expert panel on the evidence, economics and ethics of screening for Sax Institute/ NSW Ministry of Health, 22nd Jan 2014.

11. Consulted on Australian screening policy for comparative international review, completed under auspices of the UK National Screening Committee, December 2013.

12. Carter SM, Coordinated 1-day symposium: Public health ethics and non-communicable diseases; with scholars including Ross Upshur (University of Toronto), 8 Oct 2012, University of Sydney, Australia.

13. Assistant Chair, Population Health Grant Review Panel, NHMRC 2012 14. Session Chair, National Population Health Congress, September 2012, Adelaide. 15. Invited to give peer opinion for BUPA grant, A/Prof Megan Warin, University of Adelaide 16. Feedback and knowledge translation workshops on Health Promotion Ethics, based on

results from NHMRC 632679, run on six separate days in five Local Health Districts in August, September and November 2012: Northern Rivers, North Coast, Sydney, Sydney South West, Northern Sydney and Central Coast Formal Mentoring

1. UOW MCR Mentoring program (2019, 2020)

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2. Formal mentee by personal approach (Jan 2017-now): outcomes include promotion from Level A to Level B with invitation to apply as soon as possible for promotion to Level C, greater definition of expertise, conversion from teaching-only part time position to 40:40:20 continuing full time position.

3. University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine Mentoring Program (2016-2018): outcomes include promotion from Level B to Level C, increased focus of work area and expanded collaborative networks

Informal mentoring I regularly informally mentor PhD candidates and staff (other than my own staff and students) on their request, generally regarding qualitative research methods, career planning, grant application writing, and dealing with difficult staff and student situations. Many of my mentees have experienced success: e.g. in attracting external funding, achieving promotion or better-defining their areas of expertise.

Service provided within the University community University of Wollongong Director, Australian Centre for Engagement, Evidence and Values, Faculty of Social Sciences School of Health and Society Executive Committee Member, School of Health and Society Research Committee, 2019 Member, Faculty Research Committee, Faculty of Social Sciences 2019, 2020 Member, University Research Committee, UOW, 2019, 2020 Internal peer reviewer, NHMRC grant applications, UOW 2020 University of Sydney 1. Deputy Director, Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine, June 2015 to

present. Contributions include: a. Work with the Director and staff on developing a new strategic direction for the

Centre, 2016-7 b. Project to standardise class and level of appointment in the Centre, to ensure

equal pay for equal work and consistency with the enterprise agreement, 2016 (complete)

c. General management and mentoring support for staff and students 2. Member, committee to develop the School of Public Health Research Strategy, 2016-17

(including drafting much of the final text and providing leadership in formative research). 3. Member, mock interview panel for NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence applicants,

University of Sydney Research Office June 2016. 4. Member of the Prevention Research Collaboration Research Cluster on Social Marketing

(Charles Perkins Centre) 2015-7 5. Participation in HDR training and administration (e.g. presentation by invitation to Sydney

Nursing School HDR students on Life After Your PhD, June 2014; member of HDR review panels for School of Public Health 2014, 2015)

6. Served on interview panels as an external member for appointments to VELIM (2014) and School of Public Health (2015)

7. Led development of new HDR candidate screening process for VELIM 2014, since adapted for use elsewhere (e.g. Wiser Healthcare collaboration)

8. Member of the School of Public Health Academic Board, 2011-2013. 9. Member of the School of Public Health Teaching and Learning Committee 2008-2010. 10. Member of the Faculty of Medicine Postgraduate Coursework Committee 2008-2010.

TEACHING

My teaching is best understood in two episodes: one from 2008-2011, the other from 2013 to 2017, after which I moved to the University of Wollongong. From 2008-2011, I proposed, and was supported to develop, a program of qualitative methodology and methods teaching in the School of Public Health at the University of Sydney. This involved developing a suite of four new units of study (the equivalent of half of a

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Masters program), cross-listing appropriate units of study from many other programs to create a cohesive masters-level coursework program, coordinating at unit and program level, and providing all teaching/learning and assessment. I was awarded an NHMRC Career Development Fellowship in 2012, and so transferred the qualitative research program to another colleague, who has continued to develop it and was later appointed to a new continuing position to provide qualitative teaching expertise within the School. From 2013-2017, I was involved in developing, teaching and coordinating a unit of study in public health ethics to Master of Public Health students in the Sydney School of Public Health (enrolment approximately 320). This involved substantial curriculum redesign, teaching and assessment. This was the first time that ethics had been formally offered as a core unit in the MPH program. The unit evaluated extremely well, especially for the quality of my teaching.