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CURRICULUM VITAE

William Esco (W. E.) Moerner Harry S. Mosher Professor and Professor, by courtesy, of Applied Physics

Department of Chemistry, Biophysics Program, and Molecular Imaging Program Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080

650-723-1727 (phone), 650-725-0259 (fax), e-mail: wmoerner@stanford.edu

Education 1975 B.S. Physics Washington University (Final Honors) St. Louis, Missouri B.S. Electrical Engineering (Final Honors) A.B. Mathematics (summa cum laude) 1978 M.S. Cornell University (Physics) Ithaca, New York 1982 Ph.D. Cornell University (Physics) Ithaca, New York Thesis Topic: Vibrational Relaxation Dynamics of an IR-Laser-Excited Molecular Impurity Mode in Alkali Halide Lattices Thesis Advisor: Professor A. J. Sievers

Academic Honors 1963-82 Grade Point Average of All A's (4.0) 1971-75 Alexander S. Langsdorf Engineering Fellow, Washington University 1975 Dean's Award for Unusually Exceptional Academic Achievement 1975 Ethan A. H. Shepley Award for Outstanding Achievement (university-wide) 1975-79 National Science Foundation Graduate Fellow

Career Summary 2005- Professor, by courtesy, of Applied Physics 2002- Harry S. Mosher Professor of Chemistry 1998-2002 Professor of Chemistry Department of Chemistry Stanford University

Multidisciplinary education and research program on single-molecule spectroscopy and quantum optics in solids, proteins, and liquids; single-molecule biophysics in cells;

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nanophotonics of metallic nanoantennas; and photoactive polymer materials with emphasis on photorefractive polymers. Major milestones include: first room-temperature single-molecule source of single photons, antibunching for a single CdSe/ZnSe nanocrystal, observation of nucleotide-dependent orientational flexibility of single kinesin motors bound to microtubules, single-pair FRET for a dual-GFP sensor of calcium ion concentrations, full characterization of the single-copy properties of DsRed fluorescent proteins, first analysis of diffusion of single MHCII transmembrane protein complexes in cells, discovery of a new class of single-molecule fluorophores and development of these for cellular imaging, direct measurement of local electromagnetic field enhancement for bowtie nanoantennas and their use in surface-enhanced Raman scattering and in enhancing single-molecule fluorescence, observation of single GFP fusions in bacteria acting as nanoscale, photoswitchable light sources to show superresolved cellular structures, invention of a new trap for nanoscale objects and single biomolecules in solution, and demonstration of 3D superresolution imaging of single photoactivatable molecules with a double-helix point-spread function. Current research group includes five postdoctoral research associates, eleven graduate students, and one undergraduate.

1995-1998 Distinguished Chair in Physical Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego

Multidisciplinary education and research program on single-molecule spectroscopy and quantum optics in solids, proteins, and liquids; single-molecule biophysics, near-field microscopy; and photoactive polymer materials with emphasis on photorefractive polymers. Major milestones include 3-D studies of single molecules diffusing in gels, observation of blinking and switching in single GFP molecules, pumping of single molecules with whispering gallery modes of microspheres, and beam fanning and self-pumped phase conjugation in new extremely high gain photorefractive polymers. Research group included four postdoctoral research associates, three graduate students, and three undergraduates.

1994-95 Research Staff Member and Project Leader IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose, California

Multidisciplinary research program on single-molecule spectroscopy, near-field optics, and photorefractive (PR) polymers. Project leader for ARPA contract on PR polymers.

1993-1994 Visiting Guest Professor and IBM Research Staff Member Laboratory for Physical Chemistry ETH Zentrum (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zürich, Switzerland

Research program in single-molecule spectroscopy, spectral hole-burning, and near-field optics. Educated and supervised 4 Ph.D. students and two visiting scientists; lectured on single-molecule laser spectroscopy and photorefractive polymers. Major accomplishments included discovery and imaging of single molecules in Shpol’skii matrices and the first near-

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field single-molecule spectroscopy. Continued as consultant on IBM project on photorefractive polymer materials research and development.

1989-1993 Research Staff Member and Project Leader IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose, California

Multidisciplinary research program in Organic Optoelectronic Materials Department with two main thrust areas: (i) precision fundamental spectroscopy of defect centers in solids including single-molecule detection and spectroscopy, statistical fine structure, and spectral hole-burning, and (ii) optical and physical properties of nonlinear materials, including organic photorefractive polymeric materials.

Novel accomplishments: Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Spectral Hole-Burning:

Phase-sensitive, time-resolved study of ballistic phonon propagation in a solid; direct observation of spectral diffusion in a solid using a single-molecule probe; observation of lifetime-limited linewidths, dephasing, and nonlinear saturation for a single molecule; observation of hole-burning and spectral diffusion for a single molecule in a polymer; observation of photoinduced reaction kinetics for a single molecule; observation of photon antibunching for a single molecule in a solid; measurement of vibrationally dispersed fluorescence from a single molecule in a crystal and in a polymer; and magnetic resonance of a single molecular spin.

Organic Nonlinear Materials: Intracavity second harmonic generation in an organic crystal; observation of photorefractivity in a polymer; demonstration of two-beam coupling in a photorefractive polymer; subsecond photorefractive response in a polymer; sensitization of a photorefractive polymer with C60; development of photorefractive polymers with net gain and efficiency sufficient to surpass some conventional inorganic crystals; and image storage in a photorefractive polymer.

1988-1989 Manager, Laser-Materials Interactions IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose, California

Managed Research Staff Members in Laser-Materials Interactions Project which concentrated on laser spectroscopy of solids and quantum optics. Continued research on statistical properties of inhomogeneously broadened lines and on mechanisms of the photorefractive effect in electro-optic crystals. Major accomplishment: first optical detection and spectroscopy of a single impurity molecule in a solid.

1981-1988 Research Staff Member IBM Almaden Research Center San Jose, California

Performed individual research on materials and mechanisms for frequency domain optical storage using high resolution, low temperature laser spectroscopy and photochemical and

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nonphotochemical hole-burning spectroscopy. Developed high sensitivity measurement techniques such as laser frequency modulation, optical normalization, and ultrasonic modulation to measure extremely small changes in optical absorption.

Novel accomplishments:

Photochemical hole burning at GaAs laser wavelengths, observation of high efficiency photochemistry for an infrared color center; observation of two-photon absorption for linear polyenes in crystals using cw lasers; detailed studies of hole-burning bottlenecks for organic and inorganic systems; use of the quantum-limited sensitivity of FM spectroscopy to measure the stimulated Raman gain in deuterium; use of high resolution ultrasonic modulation to detect photochemical holes; observation of photochemical hole production in 100 ns; complete analysis of coupled reading-writing constraints for single-photon hole-burning materials leading to the need for photon-gating; observation of photon-gated hole-burning in an organic system; development of photon-gating via a donor-acceptor electron transfer mechanism, which allowed fast (30 ns) hole formation in small focused laser spots; and observation of statistical fine structure in an inhomogeneously broadened spectral line.

1975-1981 Graduate Research Assistant and NSF Graduate Fellow Laboratory for Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

Performed basic research on the vibrational relaxation dynamics of molecular impurities in alkali halides. Principal techniques included low temperature laser saturation, high resolution spectral hole burning, and coherent transient spectroscopy with CO2 and PbSnTe diode lasers. Major accomplishments were the first measurements of T1 and T2 for ReO4

- molecules in a variety of alkali halide hosts, and the discovery of persistent nonphotochemical spectral hole burning for a molecular vibrational mode in a crystalline lattice.

1972-1975 Research Assistant Department of Physics Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri

Performed experiments, computer simulations, and theory to develop more accurate formulae for the determination of ultrasonic propagation velocity and dispersion in composite resonators. Assisted in ultrasonic studies of the magnetoelastic properties of single crystal Co and Ni.

Honors and Awards Irving Langmuir Prize in Chemical Physics, 2009 Wolf Prize in Chemistry, 2008 Member, National Academy of Sciences, 2007 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004 Geoffrey Frew Fellow, Australian Academy of Sciences, 2003 Harry Stone Mosher Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University, 2002 Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2001

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Earle K. Plyler Prize for Molecular Spectroscopy, American Physical Society, 2001 Robert Burns Woodward Visiting Professor, Department of Chemistry, Harvard University,

1997-1998 First holder of Distinguished Professorship in Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry

and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 1995-1998. Visiting Guest Professor of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

(ETH-Zürich), 1993-1994 IBM Outstanding Technical Achievement Award for Single-Molecule Detection and

Spectroscopy, November 22, 1992 Fellow, American Physical Society, November 16, 1992 Fellow, Optical Society of America, May 28, 1992 Senior Member, IEEE, June 17, 1988 IBM Outstanding Technical Achievement Award (with R. M. Macfarlane and R. M. Shelby)

for Photon-Gated Spectral Hole-Burning, July 11, 1988 National Winner of the Roger I. Wilkinson Outstanding Young Electrical Engineer Award

for 1984, from the electrical engineering honorary society, Eta Kappa Nu, April 22, 1985

Lectureships Joe L. Franklin Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 2010 William Lloyd Evans Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 2009 Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer Lecturer, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry,

Göttingen, Germany, 2009 Neil Gordon Frontiers in Chemistry Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, Wayne State

University, 2009 A. S. Noyes Lecturer, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at

Austin, 2009 DuPont-Marshall Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 2008 Herbert H. King Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 2006 Edwin Yunker Lecturer, Department of Physics, Oregon State University, 2006 A. R. Gordon Distinguished Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto,

2006 Lecturer, Summer School on Visualization, Manipulation, and Modeling of Single

Biomolecules, ENS Paris, France, 2005 Geoffrey Frew Fellowship Lecturer, Australian Academy of Sciences (University of

Queensland, Australian National University, Swinburne Institute of Technology, University of Melbourne), 2003

International Invited Lecturer (Basel, Berne, Lausanne, Geneva): Conference Universitaire de Suisse Occidentale du 3ème Cycle en Chimie, 2003

Moses Gomberg Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 2001 William Draper Harkins Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 2001 Guest Lecturer in Frontiers in Spectroscopy, Ohio State University, 1999 Arthur D. Little Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,

1995 Ehrenfest Colloquium Lecturer, University of Leiden, The Netherlands, March 1994 Samuel M. McElvain Lecturer, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1993

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Patents U. S. Patent 4,614,116: "Phase Sensitive Ultrasonic Modulation Method for the Detection of

Strain-Sensitive Spectral Features", September 30, 1986. U. S. Patent 5,064,264: "Photorefractive Materials", November 12, 1991. U. S. Patent 5,361,148: "Apparatus for Photorefractive Two-Beam Coupling," November 1,

1994. U. S. Patent 5,460,907: "Photorefractive Materials", October 24, 1995. U. S. Patent 5,607,799: “Optical Photorefractive Article,” March 4, 1997. U. S. Patent 6,046,925: “Photochromic Fluorescent Proteins and Optical Memory Storage

Devices Based on Fluorescent Proteins,” April 4, 2000. U. S. Patent 6,280,884: “Process for Photorefractive Index Grating Formation,” August 28,

2001. U. S. Patent 7,068,698 “Room-Temperature Source of Single Photons Based on a Single

Molecule in a Condensed Matter Host," June 27, 2006. Application: “Method and Apparatus for Trapping Nanoscale Objects in Solution,” July 14,

2004; Filed August 16, 2005. Application: “Fluorogenic Compounds and Their Use in Biological Systems,” Provisional

filed May 23, 2008; Filed May 13, 2009. Application: “Three-dimensional superresolution optical imaging,” Provisional filed

December 17, 2008; Filed December 17, 2009. Application: “Firefly Luceferin Analogues, Methods of Making Firefly Luceferin

Analogues, and Methods of Imaging,” Provisional filed March 10, 2009. Twelve additional published disclosures in optics, frequency domain optical storage, single-molecule applications, and photorefractive materials.

Professional Societies and Positions Advisory Editor, Chemical Physics Letters 1998- Advisory Editor, ChemPhysChem 2004- Advisory Editor, Single Molecules 2000-2002 American Academy of Arts and Sciences American Association for the Advancement of Science American Chemical Society

Program Committee, Symposium on Optical Properties of Polymers, August 1996 Single-Molecule Symposium Organizer, Physical Chemistry Division, April 1997 Co-Editor, Special Issue of Accounts of Chemical Research on Single Molecules and

Ions, December 1996 American Physical Society

Chair, Herbert P. Broida Prize Committee 2000 Member, Earle K. Plyler Prize Committee 2001 Member, Irving Langmuir Prize Committee 2010 Symposium Organizer for Laser Science Topical Group, 1992 March Meeting Symposium Organizer for Laser Science Topical Group, 1993 March Meeting

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Assistant Treasurer, 1988 Annual Meeting

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Treasurer and Program Committee Member, 1989 Annual Meeting Symposium Organizer, LEOS 1989 Annual Meeting on Optical Memory and Storage

Materials Research Society National Academy of Sciences Optical Society of America

Chair, Fundamental and Applied Spectroscopy Technical Group, 1992-1994 General Chair and Founder, OSA Topical Conference on Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning Science and Applications, 1991 Co-Editor, 2 Special Issues of J. Opt. Soc. America B on Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning Advisory Chair and Program Committee Member, Topical Meeting on Spectral Hole-Burning and Luminescence, 1993-1994 Assistant Chair, Fundamental and Applied Spectroscopy Technical Group, 1992

Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers Program Co-Chair, Symposium on Organic Photorefractive Materials, 1996, 1997, 1998 Program Committee, 1999-2003

Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Program Committee, 1992 and 1993

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Program Committee, 1999

International Conference on Hole-Burning and Single-Molecule Spectroscopies Program Committee, 1996, 1999, 2003

Gordon Research Conference on Single-Molecule Approaches to Biology, Co-Vice Chair, 2008; Co-Chair, 2010.

Task Forces and Major University Committees Chairman, IBM Task Force on Frequency Domain Optical Storage, 1984. Physics and Mechanisms Member, IBM Task Force on Holographic Optical Storage, 1986. Co-Chair, Systems and Applications, IBM Optical Storage Initiative, 1988. Member, Appointments and Promotions Committee, Division of Humanities and Sciences,

Stanford University, 2002-2004. Member, Nanoinitiative Committee, Stanford University, Winter 2006 Member, NSF Center for Probing the Nanoscale Executive Committee, Fall 2007 Member, Stanford University Committee on Health and Safety, 2007-2008 Chair, Stanford University Committee on Health and Safety, 2008-2009, 2009-2010 Member, Stanford University Emergency Management Steering Committee, 2009-2010

Study Panels Member, NSF SBIR Study Panel, September, 1996. Member, NIH Bioengineering Symposium Panel on Imaging at the Molecular and Cellular

Levels, February 27-28, 1998. Co-Chair, Toward Molecular Scale Devices Subgroup, NSF Integrating Themes Workshop

for Physical Chemists, September 18-20, 1998, Keystone, Colorado. Member, NIH Review Panel, November 1999; September 2000.

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Member, FAMOS Update Panel, National Research Council, 1999-2002. Member, NIH-NIGMS Workshop on Single Molecule Detection and Manipulation, 2000 Member, NSF-Intelligence Community Workshop on Approaches to Combat Terrorism,

2002. Subgroup Chair, NIH-NIDA Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Analysis of

Endogeneous Biomaterials and Single-Molecule Studies, 2002. Member, International Review Committee for the Institute of Atomic and Molecular

Sciences (IAMS) of Academia Sinica, Taiwan, 2003. Member, NIH-BST Molecular Imaging Study Section, 2004. Member, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory DOE-BES Review Panel, 2005. Member, DOE Workshop on Single-Molecule Research in the New Millenium, 2005. Member, Advisory Board, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS) of Academia

Sinica, Taiwan, 2005- Session Chair: NIH Frontiers in Live Cell Imaging Conference, April 19-21, 2006 Member, NIH-NHGRI Study Section, July, 2006.

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Publications: William Esco (W. E.) Moerner 1. Richard G. Domey and William E. Moerner, "Cooperative Studies of the Kuroshio and

Adjacent Regions, Part I: A Factor Analysis," Indian J. Marine Sciences 2, 69 (1973).

2. H. I. Ringermacher, W. E. Moerner, and J. G. Miller, "Improved Transducer Correction for Standing Wave Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements," J. Appl. Phys. 45, 549 (1974).

3. H. I. Ringermacher, W. E. Moerner, and J. G. Miller, "Two Transducer Formula for More Precise Determination of Ultrasonic Phase Velocity from Standing Wave Measurements," Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, IEEE Cat. No. PD74CH0896-1SU, 555 (1974).

4. W. E. Moerner and J. G. Miller, "Ultrasonic Dispersion (Δv/v) Determined from Mechanical Resonance Frequency Shifts," Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, IEEE Cat. No. PD74CH0896-1SU, 478 (1974).

5. V. E. Stubblefield, W. E. Moerner, P. A. Fedders, J. G. Miller, and D. I. Bolef, "Ultrasonic Determination of Magnetoelastic and Anisotropy Constants of Single Crystal Ni," Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, IEEE Cat. No. PD74CH0896-1SU, 474 (1974).

6. L. H. Greene, R. T. Warner, W. E. Moerner, and A. J. Sievers, "Passive Mode Locking of a TEA CO2 Laser with Matrix Isolated SF6," Eleventh International Quantum Electronics Conference Digest of Technical Papers, IEEE Cat. No. PD80CH1561-O, 640 (1980).

7. A. R. Chraplyvy, W. E. Moerner, and A. J. Sievers, "High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Matrix-Isolated ReO4

- Molecules," Opt. Lett. 6, 254 (1981).

8. A. R. Chraplyvy, W. E. Moerner, and A. J. Sievers, "Infrared Hole Burning Spectroscopy of Matrix-Isolated ReO4

- Molecules," Opt. Lett. 6, 431 (1981).

9. W. E. Moerner, A. J. Sievers, and A. R. Chraplyvy, "Anharmonic Relaxation Times of Molecular Vibrational Modes in Alkali Halide Crystals," Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1082 (1981).

10. W. E. Moerner, A. J. Sievers, R. H. Silsbee, A. R. Chraplyvy, and D. K. Lambert, "Persistent Holes in the Spectra of Localized Vibrational Modes in Crystalline Solids," Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 398 (1982).

11. W. E. Moerner, F. M. Schellenberg, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Photochemical Hole Burning at GaAs Laser Wavelengths," Appl. Phys. B28, 263 (1982).

12. M. D. Levenson, W. E. Moerner, and D. E. Horne, "FM Spectroscopy Detection of Stimulated Raman Gain," Opt. Lett. 8, 108 (1983).

13. P. Pokrowsky, W. E. Moerner, F. Chu, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Reading and Writing of Photochemical Holes Using GaAlAs Diode Lasers," Opt. Lett. 8, 280 (1983).

14. W. E. Moerner, A. R. Chraplyvy, A. J. Sievers, and R. H. Silsbee, "Persistent Nonphotochemical Spectral Hole Dynamics for an Infrared Vibrational Mode in Alkali Halide Crystals," Phys. Rev. B28, 7244 (1983).

15. P. Pokrowsky, W. E. Moerner, F. Chu, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Reading and Writing of Photochemical Holes Using GaAlAs Diode Lasers," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engineers 382, 202 (1983).

16. B. H. Schechtman, G. C. Bjorklund, and W. E. Moerner, "A Horse of a Different Color:

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Frequency Domain Optical Storage," IBM Research Report # RJ4128, 1983.

17. W. E. Moerner, "Organic Materials for Frequency Domain Optical Storage," Proc. Lasers '83, R. C. Powell, editor, (STS Press, McLean, Virginia, 1983), p. 489.

18. W. E. Moerner, A. R. Chraplyvy, and A. J. Sievers, "Anharmonic Vibrational Relaxation Dynamics for a Molecular Impurity Mode in Alkali Halide Crystals," Phys. Rev. B29, 6694 (1984).

19. A. L. Huston and W. E. Moerner, "Detection of Persistent Spectral Holes Using Ultrasonic Modulation," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys. 1, 349 (1984).

20. M. Romagnoli, W. E. Moerner, F. M. Schellenberg, M. D. Levenson, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Beyond the Bottleneck: Submicrosecond Hole-Burning in Phthalocyanine," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys. 1, 341 (1984).

21. W. E. Moerner, M. Gehrtz, and A. L. Huston, "Measurement of Quantum Efficiencies for Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning," J. Phys. Chem. 88, 6459 (1984).

22. W. E. Moerner, "The Spectroscopic Search for Single-Photon Materials," Photonics Spectra 19, 59 (February 1985).

23. H. W. H. Lee, A. L. Huston, M. Gehrtz, and W. E. Moerner, "Photochemical Hole-Burning in a Protonated Phthalocyanine with GaAlAs Diode Lasers," Chem. Phys. Lett. 114, 491 (1985).

24. W. E. Moerner and M. D. Levenson, "Can Single-Photon Processes Provide Useful Materials for Frequency Domain Optical Storage?" J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B: Opt. Phys. 2, 915 (1985).

25. W. E. Moerner, F. M. Schellenberg, G. C. Bjorklund, P. Kaipa, and F. Lüty, "High Efficiency Photochemical Hole-Burning for an Infrared Color Center," Phys. Rev. B32, 1270 (1985).

26. M. Gehrtz, W. E. Moerner, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Shot-Noise Limited Detection in FM Spectroscopy by Optical Nulling of Residual Amplitude Modulation," IBM RJ#4678, 1985.

27. H. W. H. Lee, M. Gehrtz, E. Marinero, and W. E. Moerner, "Two-Color, Photon-Gated Spectral Hole-Burning in an Organic Material," Chem. Phys. Lett. 118, 611 (1985).

28. W. E. Moerner, "Laser-Light-Induced Physical Processes in Optical Materials: Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 541, 60 (1985).

29. W. E. Moerner, R. M. Macfarlane, and R. M. Shelby, "Photon-Gated Spectral Hole-Burning," Physics/Optics News in 1985 Optics News 11 (12), 9 (1985).

30. W. E. Moerner, "Molecular Electronics for Frequency Domain Optical Storage: Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning - A Review," J. Molec. Elec. 1, 55 (1985).

31. W. E. Moerner, P. Pokrowsky, F. M. Schellenberg, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning for R’ Color Centers in LiF Crystals: Statics, Dynamics, and External Field Effects," Phys. Rev. B33, 5702 (1986).

32. W. E. Moerner and A. L. Huston, "Phase-Sensitive Ultrasonic Modulation of Persistent Spectral Holes," Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 1181 (1986).

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33. W. Lenth and W. E. Moerner, "Gated Spectral Hole-Burning for Frequency Domain Optical Recording," Optics Commun. 58, 249 (1986).

34. W. E. Moerner, "Dynamical Hole-Burning Requirements for Frequency Domain Optical Storage," in Unconventional Photoactive Solids, Harvey Scher, editor, (Plenum, New York, 1988), pp. 41-51.

35. W. Lenth, R. M. Macfarlane, W. E. Moerner, F. M. Schellenberg, R. M. Shelby, and G. C. Bjorklund, "High-Density Frequency-Domain Optical Recording," Proc. Soc. Photo-opt. Instrum. Engr. 695, 216 (1986).

36. A. J. Sievers and W. E. Moerner, "Persistent Infrared Spectral Hole-Burning for Impurity Vibrational Modes in Solids," Chapter 6 of Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning: Science and Applications, W. E. Moerner, editor, Topics in Current Physics Vol. 44 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1988).

37. W. E. Moerner and A. L. Huston, "Phase-sensitive Detection of Persistent Spectral Holes Using Synchronous Ultrasonic Modulation Spectroscopy," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys. 3, P210 (1986).

38. W. E. Moerner, T. P. Carter, and C. Bräuchle, "Fast Burning of Persistent Spectral Holes in Small Laser Spots Using Photon-Gated Materials," Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 430 (1987).

39. T. P. Carter, C. Bräuchle, V. Y. Lee, M. Manavi, and W. E. Moerner, "Photon-Gated Spectral Hole-Burning Via Donor-Acceptor Electron Transfer," Opt. Lett. 12, 370 (1987).

40. T. P. Carter, C. Bräuchle, V. Y. Lee, M. Manavi, and W. E. Moerner, "Mechanism of Photon-Gated Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning in Metalloporphyrin/Halomethane Systems: Donor-Acceptor Electron Transfer," J. Phys. Chem. 91, 3998 (1987).

41. W. E. Moerner, W. Lenth, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Frequency Domain Optical Storage and Other Applications of Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning," Chapter 7 of Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning: Science and Applications, W. E. Moerner, editor,Topics in Current Physics Vol. 44 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1988).

42. W. E. Moerner, "Introduction to Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning: Science and Applications," Chapter 1 of Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning: Science and Applications, W. E. Moerner, editor, Topics in Current Physics Vol. 44 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1988).

43. W. E. Moerner and T. P. Carter, "Statistical Fine Structure in Inhomogeneously Broadened Absorption Lines," Phys. Rev. Lett., 59, 2705 (1987).

44. W. E. Moerner and T. P. Carter, "Statistical Fine Structure in Inhomogeneously Broadened Absorption Lines in Solids," Advances in Laser Science III, AIP Conference Proceedings 172 (AIP, New York, 1988), p. 419.

45. T. P. Carter, M. Manavi, and W. E. Moerner, "Statistical Fine Structure in the Inhomogeneously Broadened Electronic Origin of Pentacene in p-Terphenyl," J. Chem. Phys. 89, 1768 (1988).

46. T. P. Carter, D. E. Horne, and W. E. Moerner, "Pseudo-Stark Effect and FM/Stark Double-Modulation Spectroscopy for the Detection of Statistical Fine Structure in Alexandrite," Chem. Phys. Lett. 151, 102 (1988).

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47. L. Kador, T. P. Carter, and W. E. Moerner, "FM-Stark Double-Modulation Spectroscopy for the Detection of Weak Spectral Features in Solids," Proc. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, IEEE Cat. No. 88CH 2683-1, pp. 246-248 (1988).

48. W. E. Moerner and L. Kador, "Optical Detection and Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Solids," Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2535 (1989).

49. L. Kador, D. E. Horne, and W. E. Moerner, "Optical Detection and Probing of Single Dopant Molecules of Pentacene in a p-Terphenyl Host Crystal by Means of Absorption Spectroscopy," Feature Article in J. Phys. Chem. 94, 1237 (1990).

50. W. E. Moerner and L. Kador, "Finding a Single Molecule in a Haystack: Optical Detection and Spectroscopy of Single Absorbers in Solids," Analyt. Chem. 61, A1217-A1223 (1989).

51. W. E. Moerner, "Photon-Gated Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning," Proceedings of the International Symposium on Optical Memory 1989, Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 28 (Suppl. 28-3), 221 (1989).

52. W. E. Moerner, L. Kador, and W. P. Ambrose, "Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy in Solids: Optical Detection of a Single Dopant Molecule," Proc. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, IEEE Cat. No. 89CH2641-9, p. 260 (1989).

53. W. E. Moerner, L. Kador, and W. P. Ambrose, "Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy in Solids: Single-Molecule Detection," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Unconventional Photoactive Solids, The Almaden Symposium, Molec. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 183, 47 (1990).

54. W. E. Moerner, "Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning: Photon-Gating and Fundamental Statistical Limits," in Polymers for Microelectronics, Science, and Technology, Y. Tabata, I. Mita, and S. Nonogaki, editors (Kodansha Scientific and VCH Publishers, 1990), pp. 465-479.

55. W. P. Ambrose and W. E. Moerner, "Temperature Dependence of Photon-Gated Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning for the meso-tetra-p-tolyl-Zn-tetrabenzoporphyrin/Chloroform System in poly(Methylmethacrylate)", Chem. Phys. 144, 71 (1990).

56. S. Ducharme, W. P. Risk, W. E. Moerner, V. Y. Lee, R. J. Twieg, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Intracavity Frequency Doubling of a Nd: YAG Laser with an Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystal," Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 537 (1990).

57. W. E. Moerner, "Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy in Solids: Statistical Fine Structure and Single-Molecule Detection," New J. Chem. 15, 199-208 (1991).

58. W. P. Ambrose and W. E. Moerner, "Phase-Sensitive Optical Detection of Ballistic Phonon Heat Pulses Using Frequency-Modulation Spectroscopy and Persistent Spectral Holes," Phys. Rev. B43, 1743 (1990).

59. G. C. Bjorklund, S. Ducharme, D. Jungbauer, W. E. Moerner, J. D. Swalen, R. Twieg, C. G. Willson, and D. Yoon, "Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials for Frequency Doubling, Modulation, and Switching," in Proceedings of "Symposium on Optics and Electronics for Organic Materials," Annual Meeting of Society of Fiber Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan, July 11-12, 1990.

60. G. C. Bjorklund, S. Ducharme, W. Fleming, D. Jungbauer, W. E. Moerner, J. D. Swalen, R. Twieg, C. G. Willson, and D. Yoon, "Applications of Organic Second Order Nonlinear

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Optical Materials," Ch. 13 of Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical Perspectives, S. R. Marder, J. E. Sohn, and G. D. Stucky, eds. ACS Symposium Series 455, 216 (1991).

61. J. D. Swalen, G. C. Bjorklund, S. Ducharme, W. Fleming, S. Herminghaus, D. Jungbauer, W. E. Moerner, B. A. Smith, R. Twieg, D. Yoon, and G. Willson, "Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials and Their Device Applications for Frequency Doubling, Modulation, and Switching," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. NLO III 1337, 2 (1990).

62. W. E. Moerner, “Organic Optoelectronic Materials,” in Proceedings of the 23rd IBM Computer Science Symposium, Gotemba, Japan, Challenges to Novel Computing, H. Asio and S. Amari, eds. (Mita, Tokyo, 1990), pp. 153-170.

63. W. P. Ambrose and W. E. Moerner, "Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Spectral Diffusion of Single Impurity Molecules in a Crystal," Nature 349, 225-227 (1991).

64. W. E. Moerner and W. P. Ambrose, "Comment on 'Single Pentacene Molecules Detected by Fluorescence Excitation in a p-Terphenyl Crystal,'" Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1376 (1991).

65. S. Ducharme, J. C. Scott, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "Observation of the Photorefractive Effect in a Polymer," Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1846 (1991).

66. W. E. Moerner and W. P. Ambrose, "Finding a Single Molecule in a Haystack: Laser Spectroscopy of Solids from N to N = 1," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 1435, 244 (1991).

67. W. P. Ambrose, T. Basché, and W. E. Moerner, "Detection and Spectroscopy of Single Pentacene Molecules in a p-Terphenyl Crystal by Means of Fluorescence Excitation," J. Chem. Phys. 95, 7150 (1991).

68. J. C. Scott, S. Ducharme, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "The Photorefractive Effect in Non-Linear Polymers Doped with Charge Transport Agents," Polym. Preprints 32, 107 (1991).

69. J. D. Swalen, W. Fleming, M. Jurich, W. E. Moerner, B. A. Smith, S. Herminghaus, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Optical Waveguiding in Poled NLO Polymers," Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 228, 101 (1992).

70. S. Ducharme, J. C. Scott, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "Reply to ’Comment on Observation of the Photorefractive Effect in a Polymer,’" Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2589 (1991).

71. W. E. Moerner, C. Walsh, J. C. Scott, S. Ducharme, D. M. Burland, G. C. Bjorklund, and R. J. Twieg, "Photorefractivity in Doped Nonlinear Organic Polymers," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. NLO IV 1560, 278 (1991).

72. W. P. Ambrose, Th. Basché, and W. E. Moerner, "Single Molecule Spectral Diffusion in a Solid Detected Via Fluorescence Spectroscopy," J. Lumin. 53, 62 (1992).

73. Th. Basché and W. E. Moerner, "Optical Modification of a Single Impurity Molecule in a Solid," Nature 335, 355 (1992).

74. Th. Basché, W. P. Ambrose, and W. E. Moerner, "Optical Spectra and Kinetics of Single Impurity Molecules in a Polymer: Spectral Diffusion and Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B 9, 829 (1992).

75. C. A. Walsh and W. E. Moerner, "Two-Beam Coupling Measurements of Grating Phase in a Photorefractive Polymer," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B 9, 1642 (1992) (Special Issue on

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Photorefractive Materials, Effects, and Devices).

76. J. D. Swalen, G. C. Bjorklund, W. Fleming, S. Herminghaus, D. Jungbauer, M. Jurich, W. E. Moerner, B. Reck, B. A. Smith, R. Twieg, C. G. Willson, and R. Zentel, "Poled Epoxy Polymers for Optoelectronics," in Organic Molecules for Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, J. Messier et al. (eds.) (Kluwer Academic, Amsterdam, 1991) pp. 433-445.

77. J. C. Scott, L. Pautmeier, and W. E. Moerner, "Photoconductivity Studies of Photorefractive Polymers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 2059 (1992).

78. W. E. Moerner, C. A. Walsh, S. M. Silence, R. J. Twieg, T. J. Matray, J. C. Scott, V. Y. Lee, R. D. Miller, F. Hache, D. M. Burland, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Photorefractive Polymers," Proc. Mat. Res. Soc. 277, 121 (1992).

79. J. C. Scott, L. Th. Pautmeier, W. E. Moerner, C. A. Walsh, S. M. Silence, T. J. Matray, and R. J. Twieg, "Photoconductivity of Photorefractive Polymers," Proc. Mat. Res. Soc. 277, 135 (1992).

80. S. M. Silence, C. A. Walsh, J. C. Scott, T. J. Matray, R. J. Twieg, G. C. Bjorklund, F. Hache, and W. E. Moerner, "Sub-Second Grating Growth in a Photorefractive Polymer," Opt. Lett. 17, 1107 (1992).

81. J. C. Scott, L. Th. Pautmeier, and W. E. Moerner, "Photoconduction and Photorefraction in Molecularly Doped Polymers," Synth. Met. 54, 9 (1992).

82. Th. Basché, W. E. Moerner, M. Orrit, and H. Talon, "Photon Antibunching in the Fluorescence of a Single Dye Molecule Trapped in a Solid," Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1516 (1992).

83. S. M. Silence, C. A. Walsh, J. C. Scott, and W. E. Moerner, "C60 Sensitization of a Photorefractive Polymer," Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 2967 (1992).

84. W. E. Moerner, "Quantum Optics of a Single Molecule in a Solid," Optics News in 1992, Opt. and Photon. News 3, 21 (1992).

85. J. D. Swalen, G. C. Bjorklund, W. W. Fleming, M. Jurich, W. E. Moerner, A. Skumanich, B. A. Smith, and J. I. Thackara, "Polymeric Electro-Optic Phase Modulator," Nonl. Opt. 6, 205 (1993).

86. W. E. Moerner and Th. Basché (invited review), "Optical Spectroscopy of Single Impurity Molecules in Solids," Angew. Chem. 105, 537 (1993); Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 32, 457 (1993).

87. P. Tchénio, A. B. Myers, and W. E. Moerner, "Dispersed Fluorescence Spectra of Single Molecules of Pentacene in p-Terphenyl," J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 97, 2491 (1993).

88. M. C. J. M. Donckers, S. M. Silence, C. A. Walsh, F. Hache, D. M. Burland, W. E. Moerner, and R. J. Twieg, "Net Two-Beam-Coupling Gain in a Polymeric Photorefractive Material," Opt. Lett. 18, 1044 (1993).

89. J. Köhler, J. A. J. M. Disselhorst, M. C. J. M. Donckers, E. J. J. Groenen, J. Schmidt, and W. E. Moerner, "Magnetic Resonance of a Single Molecular Spin," Nature 363, 242 (1993).

90. J. D. Swalen, G. C. Bjorklund, W. Fleming, R. Hung, M. Jurich, V. Y. Lee, R. D. Miller, W. E. Moerner, D. Y. Morichiere, A. Skumanich, and B. A. Smith, "NLO Polymeric

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Waveguide Electro-Optic Phase Modulator," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. NLO V 1775, 369 (1992).

91. S. M. Silence, F. Hache, M. Donckers, C. A. Walsh, D. M. Burland, G. C. Bjorklund, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "Nonlinear Optical Properties of Photorefractive Polymers", Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 1852, 253 (1993).

92. P. Tchénio, A. B. Myers, and W. E. Moerner, "Optical Studies of Single Terrylene Molecules in Polyethylene," J. Lumin. 56, 1 (1993).

93. S. M. Silence, J. C. Scott, F. Hache, E. J. Ginsburg, P. K. Jenkner, R. D. Miller, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "Poly(silane)-Based High Mobility Photorefractive Polymers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10, 2306 (1993).

94. S. M. Silence, M. C. J. M. Donckers, C. A. Walsh, D. M. Burland, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "Optical Properties of Poly(N-Vinylcarbazole)-Based Guest-Host Photorefractive Polymer Systems," Appl. Opt. 33, 2218 (1993).

95. W. E. Moerner, S. M. Silence, F. Hache, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Orientationally Enhanced Photorefractive Effect in Polymers," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11, 320-330 (1993).

96. W. E. Moerner and Scott M. Silence, "Polymeric Photorefractive Materials," Chem. Revs. 94, 127 (1994).

97. B. A. Smith, M. Jurich, W. E. Moerner, W. Volksen, M. E. Best, J. D. Swalen, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Lightwave Transmission of Multiple Television Signals Using a Polyimide Electro-Optic Phase Modulator," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. NLO VI 2025, 499 (1993).

98. P. Tchénio, A. B. Myers, and W. E. Moerner, "Vibrational Analysis of Dispersed Fluorescence from Single Molecules of Terrylene in Polyethylene," Chem. Phys. Lett. 213, 325 (1993).

99. W. E. Moerner, "Optical Detection of the Magnetic Resonance of a Single Molecular Spin," Physics News in 1993, (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1994), p. 28.

100. W. E. Moerner, "Optical Detection of the Magnetic Resonance of a Single Molecular Spin," Optics News in 1993, Opt. and Photon. News 4, 35(1993).

101. A. B. Myers, P. Tchénio, and W. E. Moerner, "Vibronic Spectroscopy of Single Molecules: Exploring Electronic-Vibrational Frequency Correlations Within an Inhomogeneous Distribution," J. Lumin. 58, 161 (1994).

102. W. E. Moerner, "Fundamentals of Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids," J. Lumin. 60&61, 997 (1993).

103. S. M. Silence, M. C. J. M. Donckers, C. A. Walsh, D. M. Burland, W. E. Moerner, and R. J. Twieg, "Electric-Field Dependent Nonphotorefractive Gratings in a Nonlinear Photoconducting Polymer," Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 712 (1994).

104. G. C. Bjorklund, D. M. Burland, M. C. J. M. Donckers, E. Ginsburg, F. Hache, P. Jenkner, R. D. Miller, W. E. Moerner, J. C. Scott, S. M. Silence, R. J. Twieg, and C. A. Walsh, "Photorefractive Polymers Achieve Net Gain, High Diffraction Efficiency, and High Speed," Optics News in 1993, Opt. and Photon. News 4, 42 (1993).

105. T. Plakhotnik, W. E. Moerner, T. Irngartinger, and W. E. Moerner, "Single-Molecule

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Spectroscopy in Shpol’skii Matrices," Chimia 48, 31 (1994).

106. W. E. Moerner, "Examining Nanoenvironments in Solids on the Scale of a Single, Isolated Impurity Molecule," (Invited General Article) Science 265, 46 (1994).

107. W. E. Moerner, T. Plakhotnik, T. Irngartinger, M. Croci, V. Palm, and U. P. Wild, "Optical Probing of Single Molecules of Terrylene in a Shpol’skii Matrix: A Two-State Single-Molecule Switch," (R. Kopelman Festschrift) J. Phys. Chem. 98, 7382 (1994).

108. W. E. Moerner, "Book Review of Introduction to Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics by P. Yeh," Phys. Today (January 1994) p. 45.

109. W. E. Moerner, S. M. Silence, G. C. Bjorklund, D. M. Burland, R. D. Miller, J. J. Stankus, and R. J. Twieg, "Photorefractive Polymers," Polym. Preprints 35, 93 (1994).

110. A. B. Myers, P. Tchénio, M. Z. Zgierski, and W. E. Moerner, "Vibronic Spectroscopy of Individual Molecules in Solids," (Feature Article) J. Phys. Chem. 98, 10377 (1994).

111. S. M. Silence, R. J. Twieg, G. C. Bjorklund, and W. E. Moerner, "Quasinondestructive Readout in a Photorefractive Polymer," Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2047 (1994).

112. S. M. Silence, G. C. Bjorklund, and W. E. Moerner, "Optical Trap Activation in a Photorefractive Polymer," Opt. Lett. 19, 1822 (1994).

113. S. M. Silence, J. C. Scott, J. J. Stankus, W. E. Moerner, C. R. Moylan, G. C. Bjorklund, and R. J. Twieg, "Photorefractive Polymers Based on Dual-Function Dopants," J. Phys. Chem. 99, 4096 (1995).

114. J. J. Stankus, S. M. Silence, W. E. Moerner, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Electric Field Switchable Stratified Volume Holograms in Photorefractive Polymers," Opt. Lett. 19, 1480 (1994).

115. T. Plakhotnik, W. E. Moerner, V. Palm, and U. P. Wild, "Single Molecule Spectroscopy: Maximum Emission Rate and Saturation Intensity," Opt. Commun. 114, 83 (1995).

116. W. E. Moerner, T. Plakhotnik, T. Irngartinger, U. P. Wild, D. W. Pohl, and B. Hecht, "Near-Field Optical Spectroscopy of Individual Molecules in Solids," Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2764 (1994).

117. D. M. Burland, G. C. Bjorklund, W. E. Moerner, S. M. Silence, and J. J. Stankus, "Photorefractive Polymers-A Status Report," Pure & Appl. Chem. 67, 33 (1995).

118. D. Y. Kim, W. E. Torruellas, J. Kang, C. Bosshard, G. I. Stegeman, P. Vidakovic, J. Zyss, W. E. Moerner, R. Twieg, and G. Bjorklund, "Second-Order Cascading as the Origin of Large Third-Order Effects in Organic Single-Crystal-Core Fibers," Opt. Lett. 19, 868 (1994).

119. J. J. Stankus, S. M. Silence, R. J. Twieg, D. M. Burland, R. D. Miller, J. C. Scott, W. E. Moerner, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Recent Progress in Photorefractive Polymers: Materials and Structures," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 2285, 204 (1994).

120. W. E. Moerner, "Polymers Scale New Heights," Nature 371, 475 (1994).

121. S. M. Silence, D. M. Burland, and W. E. Moerner, "Photorefractive Polymers," Chapter 5 of Photorefractive Effects and Materials, David D. Nolte, Ed. (Kluwer Academic, Boston, 1995), pp. 265-309.

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122. W. E. Moerner and N. Peyghambarian, "Advances in Photorefractive Polymers: Plastics for Holography and Optical Processing," Opt. Photon. News 6, 24 (March 1995).

123. A. B. Myers, P. Tchénio, and W. E. Moerner, "Dynamics and Vibrational Spectra of Individual Molecules in Polymer Glasses," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 2385, 103 (1995).

124. W. E. Moerner, "Optical Spectroscopy of Individual Molecules Trapped in Solids," in Atomic Physics 14, AIP Conf. Proc. 323, D. J. Wineland, C. E. Wieman, and S. J. Smith, eds. (AIP Press, New York, 1995), pp. 467-486.

125. C. Poga, D. M. Burland, T. Hanemann, Y. Jia, C. R. Moylan, J. J. Stankus, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “Photorefractivity in New Organic Polymeric Materials,” Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 2526, 82 (1995).

126. W. E. Moerner, D. M. Burland, C. R. Moylan, and R. J. Twieg, “Mechanisms of Photorefractivity in Polymer Composites,” Polym. Preprints 37, 129 (1996).

127. W. E. Moerner, "Probing Nanoenvironments in Solids and Quantum Optics Using Individual Impurity Molecules," Proceedings of Todai Symposium 1995 on Frontiers in Laser Physics and Spectroscopy, Prog. Crystal Growth and Charact. 33, 11 (1996).

128. P. M. Lundquist, C. Poga, R. G. DeVoe, Y. Jia, W. E. Moerner, M.-P. Bernal, H. Coufal, R. K. Grygier, J. A. Hoffnagle, C. M. Jefferson, R. M. Macfarlane, R. M. Shelby, and G. T. Sincerbox, "Holographic Digital Data Storage in a Photorefractive Polymer," Opt. Lett. 21, 890 (1996).

129. J. L. Skinner and W. E. Moerner, "Structure and Dynamics in Solids as Probed by Optical Spectroscopy," Invited Article for the Physical Chemistry Centennial Issue of J. Phys. Chem. 100, 13251-13262 (1996).

130. W. E. Moerner, “Physical Principles and Methods of Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids,” Chapter 1 of Single-Molecule Optical Detection, Imaging, and Spectroscopy, Th. Basche, W. E. Moerner, M. Orrit, and U. P. Wild, eds. (VCH, Munich, 1997).

131. W. E. Moerner, “High-Resolution Optical Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Solids,” Invited Article for Special Issue on Single-Molecule Detection and Manipulation, Accounts Chem. Res. 29, 563 (1996).

132. W. E. Moerner and P. M. Barbara, “Editorial: Single Molecules and Atoms,” Accounts Chem. Res. 29, 561 (1996).

133. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “Photorefractive Properties of Low-Glass-Transition-Temperature Polymer Composites,” Proc. Amer. Chem. Soc. Division of Polymeric Materials 75, 175 (1996).

134. R. M. Dickson, D. J. Norris, Y-L. Tzeng, and W. E. Moerner, “Three-Dimensional Imaging of Single Molecules Solvated in Pores of Poly(acrylamide) Gels,” Science 274, 966 (1996).

135. W. E. Moerner, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, and R. J. Twieg, “Mechanisms of Photorefractivity in Polymer Composites,” Proc. SPIE 2850, 2 (1996).

136. R. M. Dickson, D. J. Norris, Y.-L. Tzeng, R. Sakowicz, L. S. B. Goldstein, and W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules Solvated in Pores of Poly(acrylamide) Gels,” Mol. Cryst.

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Liq. Cryst. 291, 31 (1996).

137. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “Amplified Scattering in a High Gain Photorefractive Polymer,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 15, 901 (1998).

138. W. E. Moerner, R. M. Dickson, and D. J. Norris, “Single-Molecule Nanophotonics in Solids,” Matls. Sci. and Engr. B48, 169 (1997).

139. W. E. Moerner, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, and C. L. Thompson, “Photorefractive Polymers”, invited review Annual Review of Materials Science 27, 585-623 (1997).

140. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “High Performance Photorefractive Polymer with Improved Stability,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 1515 (1997).

141. W. E. Moerner, R. M. Dickson, and D. J. Norris, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Quantum Optics in Solids,” invited review Advances in Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 38, 193-236 (1997).

142. Th. Basche, W. E. Moerner, M. Orrit, and U. P. Wild, eds., Single-Molecule Optical Detection, Imaging, and Spectroscopy (VCH, Munich, 1997).

143. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, and W. E. Moerner, “Measurement of Spatial Phase-Shift in High-Gain Photorefractive Materials,” Opt. Lett. 22, 874 (1997).

144. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, and W. E. Moerner, "Spontaneous oscillation and self-pumped phase conjugation in a photorefractive polymer amplifier," Science 277, 549 (1997).

145. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, and W. E. Moerner, "Systematics of two-wave mixing in a photorefractive polymer," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 905-913 (1998).

146. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, and W. E. Moerner, "Gain enhancement by moving gratings in a photorefractive polymer," Opt. Commun. 145, 145-149 (1998).

147. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, and W. E. Moerner, “Optical Limiting in a Photorefractive Polymer”, Proc. Materials Research Society, Symposium S, 479, 199 (1997).

148. R. M. Dickson, A. B. Cubitt, R. Y. Tsien, and W. E. Moerner, “On/Off Blinking and Switching Behavior of Single Green Fluorescent Protein Molecules,” Nature 388, 355 (1997).

149. D. J. Norris, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, and W. E. Moerner, “Excitation of a Single Molecule on the Surface of a Spherical Microcavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 297 (1997).

150. W. E. Moerner, invited Perspective, ”Those Blinking Single Molecules,” Science 277, 1059 (1997).

151. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, R. J. Twieg, K. Belfield, M. S. Bratcher, and W. E. Moerner, ”Large Gain Photorefractive Polymers,” Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 3144, 216-226 (1997).

152. W. E. Moerner, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, C. L. Thompson, M. S. Bratcher, and R. J. Twieg, ”Recent Advances in Photorefractive Polymer Materials,” Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 3147, 84-94 (1997).

153. A. Grunnet-Jepsen, D. Wright, B. Smith, M. S. Bratcher, M. S. DeClue, J. S. Siegel, and

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W. E. Moerner, “Spectroscopic Determination of Trap Density in C60-Sensitized Photorefractive Polymers,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 291, 553-561 (1998).

154. S. Kummer, R. M. Dickson, and W. E. Moerner, “Probing Single Molecules in Polyacrylamide Gels,” Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 3273, 165-173 (1998).

155. W. E. Moerner, M. A. Diaz-Garcia, D. Wright, B. R. Smith, J. Casperson, M. S. Bratcher, M. S. DeClue, J. S. Siegel, and R. J. Twieg, ”Fast and Efficient Photorefractivity in Polymer Composites,” Polym. Preprints 39, 980 (1998).

156. M. S. Bratcher, M. S. DeClue, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, D. Wright, B. Smith, W. E. Moerner, and J. S. Siegel, ”Synthesis of Fully-Functional Photorefractive Polymers with Net Gain: Design Strategy Amenable to Combinatorial Optimization,” J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 120, 9680-9681 (1998).

157. R. M. Dickson, D. J. Norris, and W. E. Moerner, ”Simultaneous Imaging of Individual Molecules Aligned Both Parallel and Perpendicular to the Optic Axis,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5322-5325 (1998).

158. D. Wright, M. A. Diaz-Garcia, J. D. Casperson, M. DeClue, and W. E. Moerner, ”High Speed Photorefractive Polymer Composites,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 1490-1492 (1998).

159. D. Wright, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, M. A. Diaz-Garcia, J. D. Casperson, B. Smith, M. S. Bratcher, M. S. DeClue, J. S. Siegel, W. E. Moerner, and R. J. Twieg, “Trapping Studies on Photorefractive Polymers,” Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 3471, 60-71 (1998).

160. M. B. Klein, G. D. Bacher, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, D. Wright, and W. E. Moerner, “Homodyne Detection of Ultrasonic Surface Displacements Using Two-Wave Mixing in Photorefractive Polymers,” Opt. Commun. 162, 79-84 (1999).

161. W. E. Moerner, E. J. G. Peterman, S. Brasselet, S. Kummer, and R. M. Dickson, “Optical Methods for Exploring Dynamics of Single Copies of Green Fluorescent Protein,” Cytometry 36, 232-238 (1999).

162. W. E. Moerner and M. Orrit, “Illuminating Single Molecules in Condensed Matter,” Invited Article, Science 283, 1670-1676 (1999).

163. M. A. Díaz-García, D. Wright, J. D. Casperson, B. Smith, E. Glazer, W. E. Moerner, L. I. Sukhomlinova, and R. J. Twieg, “Photorefractive Properties of Poly(N-Vinyl Carbazole)-Based Composites for High Speed Applications,” Chem. Mater. 11, 1784-1791 (1999).

164. W. E. Moerner, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, D. Wright, J. D. Casperson, M. S. DeClue, J. S. Siegel, and R. J. Twieg, “Understanding Photorefractivity in High-Performance Polymer Composites,” OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Volume 27, Advances in Photorefractive Materials, Effects, and Devices, P. E. Andersen, P. M. Johansen, H. C. Pedersen, P. M. Petersen, and M. Saffman, Eds. (Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 1999), pp. 164-172.

165. R. J. Twieg, M. He, L. Sukhomlinova, F. You, W. E. Moerner, M. A. Diaz-Garcia, D. Wright, J. D. Casperson, R. Wortmann, C. Glania, P. Kraemer, K. Lukaszuk, R. Matschiner, K. D. Singer, V. Ostoverkhov, and R. Petschek, “Design and Optimization of Chromophores for Liquid Crystal and Photorefractive Applications,” Proc. Mater. Res. Soc. 561, 119-130 (1999).

166. E. J. G. Peterman, S. Brasselet, and W. E. Moerner, “The Fluorescence Dynamics of

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Single Molecules of Green Fluorescent Protein,” J. Phys. Chem. A103, 10553-10560 (1999).

167. S. Brasselet, E. J. G. Peterman, A. Miyawaki, and W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Fluorescence Resonant Energy Transfer in Calcium-Concentration-Dependent Cameleon,” J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 3676-3682 (2000).

168. P. Schwille, S. Kummer, A. A. Heikal, W. E. Moerner, and W. W. Webb, “Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Reveals Fast Optical Excitation-Driven Intermolecular Dynamics of Yellow Fluorescent Proteins,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 151-156 (2000).

169. S. Brasselet and W. E. Moerner, “Fluorescence Behavior of Single-Molecule pH Sensors,” Single Molecules 1, 15-21 (Inaugural issue, 2000).

170. A. Goonesekera, D. Wright, and W. E. Moerner, “Image Amplification and Novelty Filtering in a Photorefractive Polymer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 3358-3360 (2000).

171. W. E. Moerner, “Photorefractive Polymers,” in Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Ed. D. D. Nolte; Senior Eds.: K.H. Jürgen Buschow, Robert W. Cahn, Merton C. Flemings, Bernhard Ilschner, Edward J. Kramer, Subhash Mahajan (Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, 2001) pp. 6961-6969.

172. B. Lounis and W. E. Moerner, “Single Photons on Demand from a Single Molecule at Room Temperature,” Nature 407, 491-493(2000).

173. W. E. Moerner, "Thirteen Years of Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Physical Chemistry and Biophysics," in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy: Nobel Conference Lectures, R. Rigler, M. Orrit, Th. Basche, Editors, Springer Series in Chemical Physics, Volume 67 (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2001), pp. 32-61.

174. M. A. Diaz-Garcia, D. Wright, J. D. Casperson, B. Smith, El Glazer, W. E. Moerner, L. I. Sukhomlinova, and R. J. Twieg, "High Speed PVK-Based Photorefractive Polymer Composites," Nonlinear Optics 25, 189-194 (2000).

175. B. Lounis, H. A. Bechtel, D. Gerion, P. Alivisatos, and W. E. Moerner, "Photon Antibunching in Single Quantum Dot Fluorescence," Chem. Phys. Lett. 329, 399-404 (2000).

176. H. Sosa, E. J. G. Peterman, W. E. Moerner, and L. S. B. Goldstein, "ADP-Induced Rocking of the Kinesin Motor Domain Revealed by Single-Molecule Fluorescence Polarization Microscopy," Nature Structural Biology 8, 540-544 (2001).

177. D. Wright, U. Gubler, M. B. Klein, and W. E. Moerner, "Photorefractive Polymers for Laser-Based Ultrasound Detection," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 4104, 110-117 (2000).

178. B. Lounis, J. Deich, F. I. Rosell, S. G. Boxer, and W. E. Moerner, "Photophysics of DsRed, a Red Fluorescent Protein, from the Ensemble to the Single-Molecule Level," J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 5048-5054 (2001).

179. M. He, R. J. Twieg, U. Gubler, D. Wright, and W. E. Moerner, "Synthesis and Properties of Some Composite Organic Photorefractive Materials," Polym. Preprints 42, 510-511 (2001).

180. E. J. G. Peterman, H. Sosa, L. S. B. Goldstein, and W. E. Moerner, "Polarized

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Fluorescence Microscopy of Individual and Many Kinesin Motors Bound to Microtubules," Biophys. J. 81, 2851-2863 (2001).

181. M. F. Paige, E. J. Bjerneld, and W. E. Moerner, "A Comparison of Through-the-Objective Total Internal Reflection Microscopy and Epi-fluorescence Microscopy for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging," Single Molecules 2, 191-201 (2001).

182. D. Wright, U. Gubler, S. Sadhukhan, W. E. Moerner, M. He, R. J. Twieg, M. DeClue, and J. Siegel, "Organic Photorefractive Material Design Strategies," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 4462, 125-138 (2001).

183. W. E. Moerner, "A Dozen Years of Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Physics, Chemistry, and Biophysics, (Invited Feature Article), J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 910-927 (2002).

184. U. Gubler, D. Wright, W. E. Moerner, and M. B. Klein, "Photochromic Polymers for the Optical Homodyne Detection of Ultrasonic Surface Displacements," Opt. Lett. 27, 354-356 (2002).

185. D. Wright, U. Gubler, Y. Roh, W. E. Moerner, M. He, and R. J. Twieg, " A High Performance Photorefractive Polymer Composite with 2-dicyanomethylene-3-cyano-2,5-dihydrofuran Chromophore," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4274-4276 (2001).

186. U. Gubler, M. He, D. Wright, Y. Roh, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "Monolithic Photorefractive Organic Glasses with Large Coupling Gain and Strong Beam Fanning," Adv. Mater. 14, 313-317 (2002).

187. M. F. Paige, D. P. Fromm, and W. E. Moerner, "Biomolecular Applications of Single-Molecule Measurements: Kinetics and Dynamics of a Single Enzyme Reaction," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 4634, 92-103 (2002).

188. O. Ostroverkhova, D. Wright, U. Gubler, W. E. Moerner, M. He, A. Sastre-Santos, R. J. Twieg, "Recent Advances in the Understanding and Development of Photorefractive Polymers and Glasses," Adv. Func. Mater. 12, 621-629 (2002).

189. N. B. Bowden, K. A. Willets, W. E. Moerner, and R. M. Waymouth, "Synthesis of Fluorescently-Labeled Polymers and Their Use in Single-Molecule Imaging," Macromolecules 35, 8122-8125 (2002).

190. M. Vrljic, S. Y. Nishimura, S. Brasselet, W. E. Moerner, and H. M. McConnell, "Translational Diffusion of Individual Class II MHC Membrane Proteins in Cells," Biophys. J. 83, 2681-2692 (2002).

191. W. E. Moerner, "Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy of Autofluorescent Proteins," invited review, J. Chem. Phys. 117, 10925-10937 (2002).

192. M. He, R. J. Twieg, U. Gubler, D. Wright, and W. E. Moerner, "Synthesis and Photorefractive Properties of Multifunctional Glasses," Chem. Mater. 15, 1156-1164 (2003).

193. M. He, R. Twieg, U. Gubler, D. Wright, and W. E. Moerner, "Synthesis and Properties of Glassy Organic Multifunctional Photorefractive Materials," Opt. Mater. 21, 353-357 (2002).

194. M. He, R. J. Twieg, O. Ostroverkhova, U. Gubler, D. Wright, W. E. Moerner, "Dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran photorefractive materials," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt.

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Instrum. Engr. 4802, 9-20 (2002).

195. O. Ostroverkhova, M. He, R. J. Twieg, W. E. Moerner, "High Performance Photorefractive Organic Glasses: Understanding Mechanisms and Limitations," Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. 4802, 21-32 (2002).

196. W. E. Moerner and D. P. Fromm, ”Methods of Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microscopy,” invited review, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 3597-3619 (2003).

197. K. A. Willets, O. Ostroverkhova, M. He. R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, ”New Fluorophores for Single-Molecule Spectroscopy,” J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 125, 1174-1175 (2003) (10.1021/ja029100q, 11 January 2003).

198. O. Ostroverkhova, W. E. Moerner, ”High-Performance Photorefractive Organic Glass with Near-Infrared Sensitivity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 3602-3604 (2003).

199. O. Ostroverkhova, M. He, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, ”Role of Temperature in Controlling Performance of Organic Photorefractive Glasses,” ChemPhysChem 4, 732-744 (2003).

200. J. Hwang, M. M. Fejer, and W. E. Moerner, ”Exploring Novel Methods of Interferometric Detection of Ultrasmall Phase Shifts,” Proc. SPIE 4962, 110-120 (2003).

201. D. Wright, U. Gubler, W. E. Moerner, M. DeClue, and J. S. Siegel, ”Photorefractive Properties of Poly(siloxane)-triarylamine-Based Composites for High Speed Applications,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 4732-4737 (JP027456i, 2003).

202. W. E. Moerner, ”Optical Measurements of Single Molecules in Cells,” Trends Analyt. Chem. 22, 544-548 (2003).

203. Z. Chen, M. Asaro, O. Ostroverkhova, W. E. Moerner, M. He, and R. J. Twieg, ”Self-trapping of light in a photorefractive organic glass,” Opt. Lett. 28,1-3 (2003).

204. Ellen M. Judd, Kathleen R. Ryan, W. E. Moerner, Lucy Shapiro, Harley H. McAdams, “Fluorescence bleaching reveals asymmetric compartment formation prior to cell division in Caulobacter,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 100, 8235-8240 (2003).

205. K. A. Willets, O. Ostroverkhova, S. Hess, M. He, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “Novel Fluorophores for Single-Molecule Imaging,” Proc. SPIE 5222, 150-157 (2003).

206. E. Thrush, O. Levi, W. Ha, G. Carey, L. J. Cook, J. Deich, S. J. Smith, W. E. Moerner, and J. S. Harris, Jr., “Integrated Semiconductor Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers and PIN Photodetectors for Bio-Medical Fluorescence Sensing,” IEEE J. Quant. Electr. 40, 491-498 (2004).

207. E. J. G. Peterman, H. Sosa, and W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Microscopy of Biomolecular Motors,” invited review, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 55, 79-96 (2004).

208. O. Ostroverkhova and W. E. Moerner, “Organic Photorefractives: Mechanisms, Materials, and Applications,” invited review, Chem. Revs. 104, 3267-3314 (2004).

209. E. Thrush, O. Levi, L. J. Cook, J. Deich, A. Kurtz, S. J. Smith, W. E. Moerner, and J. S. Harris Jr., “Monolithically integrated semiconductor fluorescence sensor for microfluidic applications,” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 105, 393-399 (2005).

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210. J. Matteo, D. P. Fromm, Y. Yuen, P. J. Schuck, W. E. Moerner, and L. Hesselink, “Spectral Analysis of Strongly Enhanced Visible Light Transmission Through Single C-Shaped Nano-Apertures,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 648-650 (2004).

211. J. Deich, E. M. Judd, H. H. McAdams, and W. E. Moerner, “Visualization of the Movement of Single Histidine Kinase Molecules in Live Caulobacter cells,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 101, 15921-15926 (2004) (published online Nov. 2, 2004, 10.1073/pnas.0404200101).

212. M. Vrljic, S. Y. Nishimura, W. E. Moerner, and H. M. McConnell, “Cholesterol depletion suppresses the translational diffusion of class II MHC proteins in the plasma membrane,” Biophys. J. 88, 334-347 (2005).

213. K. A. Willets, P. Callis, and W. E. Moerner, “Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Environmentally Sensitive Single-Molecule Fluorophores,” (G. J. Small Festschrift) J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 10465-10473 (published online 17 April 2004, jp049684d).

214. E. Thrush, O. Levi, W. Ha, G. Carey, L. J. Cook, J. Deich, S. J. Smith, W. E. Moerner and J. S. Harris, Jr., "Laser background rejection optimization in integrated optoelectronic fluorescence sensor,” Proceedings of μTAS 1, 363-366 (2003).

215. D. P. Fromm, A. Sundaramurthy, P. J. Schuck, G. Kino, and W. E. Moerner, “Gap-Dependent Optical Coupling of Single ‘Bowtie’ Nanoantennas Resonant in the Visible,” Nano Lett. 4, 957-961 (2004) (published online March, 2004 nl049951r).

216. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Photon Sources Based on Single Molecules in Solids,” New Journal of Physics 6, 88-109 (2004).

217. K. A. Willets, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Magic,” OEMagazine 4, 13-15 (2004).

218. G. S. Kino, A. Sundaramurthy, P. J. Schuck, D. P. Fromm, and W. E. Moerner, “Optical Field Enhancement with Plasmon Resonant Bowtie Nanoantennas,” Chapter 9 of Surface Plasmon Nanophotonics, M. Brongersma and P. Kik, Editors (Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, appearing March 2007).

219. S. Y. Kim, A. N. Semyonov, R. J. Twieg, A. L. Horwich, J. Frydman, and W. E. Moerner, “Probing the Sequence of Conformational Changes in the Molecular Chaperonin GroEL with Fluorescence Spectroscopy,” J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 24517-24525 (2005).

220. K. A. Willets, S. Y. Nishimura, P. J. Schuck, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “Nonlinear Optical Chromophores as Nanoscale Emitters for Single-Molecule Spectroscopy,” invited review, Accounts Chem. Res. 38, 549-556 (2005) (published online 28 Jan 2005).

221. P. J. Schuck, D. P. Fromm, A. Sundaramurthy, G. S. Kino, and W. E. Moerner, “Improving the Mismatch Between Light and Nanoscale Objects with Gold Bowtie Nanoantennas,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017402 (2005).

222. A. E. Cohen and W. E. Moerner, “A Method for Trapping and Manipulating Nanoscale Objects in Solution,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 093109 (2005).

223. P. J. Schuck, K. A. Willets, D. P. Fromm, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “A Novel Fluorophore for Single-Molecule Two-Photon-Excited Fluorescence,” Chem. Phys. 318, 7-11 (2005).

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224. K. Mauring, J. Deich, F. I. Rosell, T. B. McAnaney, W. E. Moerner, and S. G. Boxer, "Enhancement of the Blue Fluorescent Protein’s Fluorescence by High Pressure or Low Temperature," J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 12976-12981 (2005).

225. R. Twieg, H. Wang, Z. Lu, S. Y. Kim, S. Lord, S. Nishimura, P. J. Schuck, K. A. Willets, and W. E. Moerner, “Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran (DCDHF) Single-Molecule Fluorophores,” Nonlinear Optics, Quantum Optics 34, 241-246 (2005).

226. M. Asaro, M. Sheldon, Z. Chen, O. Ostroverkhova, and W. E. Moerner, “Soliton-induced Waveguides in an Organic Photorefractive Glass,” Opt. Lett. 30, 519-521 (2005).

227. A. E. Cohen and W. E. Moerner, “The Anti-Brownian ELectrophoretic Trap (ABEL Trap): Fabrication and Software,” Proc. SPIE 5699, 296-305 (2005).

228. E. M. Judd, L. R. Comolli, J. C. Chen, K. H. Downing, W. E. Moerner, and H. H. McAdams, “Distinct Constrictive Processes, Separated in Time and Space, Divide Caulobacter Inner and Outer Membranes,” J. Bacteriol. 187, 6874-6882 (2005).

229. S. Y. Nishimura, M. Vrljic, L. O. Klein, H. M. McConnell, and W. E. Moerner, “Cholesterol depletion induces solid-like regions in the plasma membrane,” Biophys. J. 90, 927-938 (2006).

230. A. E. Cohen and W. E. Moerner, “An All-Glass Microfluidic Cell for the ABEL Trap: Fabrication and Modeling,” Proc. SPIE 5930, 59300S-1-S-8 (2005).

231. A. Sundaramurthy, K. B. Crozier, G. S. Kino, D. P. Fromm, P. J. Schuck, and W. E. Moerner, “Field enhancement and gap-dependent resonance in a system of two opposing tip-to-tip Au nanotriangles,” Phys. Rev. B 72, 165409-1-6 (2005).

232. D. P. Fromm, A. Sundaramurthy, A. Kinkhabwala, P. J. Schuck, G. S. Kino, and W. E. Moerner, “Exploring the Chemical Enhancement for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering with Au Bowtie Nanoantennas,” J. Chem. Phys. Commun. 124, 061101 (2006).

233. A. Sundaramurthy*, P. J. Schuck*, N. R. Conley, D. P. Fromm, G. S. Kino, and W. E. Moerner, “Toward Nanometer-scale Optical Photolithography: Utilizing the Near-Field of Bowtie Optical Nanoantennas,” Nano Lett. 6, 355-360 (2006) (web release 9 Feb 2006) (*equal contributions).

234. J. Hwang, M. M. Fejer, and W. E. Moerner, ”Scanning Interferometric Microscopy for the Detection of Ultrasmall Phase Shifts in Condensed Matter,” Phys. Rev. A Rapid Commun. 73, 021802R (2006).

235. A. E. Cohen and W. E. Moerner, “Suppressing Brownian Motion of Individual Biomolecules in Solution,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 103, 4362-4365 (2006).

236. S. Y. Nishimura, S. J. Lord, L. O. Klein, K. A. Willets, M. He, Z. Lu, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “Diffusion of Lipid-Like Single-Molecule Fluorophores in the Cell Membrane,” J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 8151-8157 (2006).

237. C. A. Werley and W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Nanoprobes Explore Defects in Spin-Grown Crystals,” R. J. Silbey Festschrift, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 18939- 18944 (2006), web release date 19 April 2006.

238. M. Vrljic, S. Y. Nishimura, and W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Tracking,” Chapter 14

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in Methods in Molecular Biology,Vol. 398: Lipid Rafts, Thomas. J. McIntosh, Ed. (Humana Press, Totwa, NJ, 2009), pp. 193-219.

239. S. Y. Kim, Z. Gitai, A. Kinkhabwala, L. Shapiro, and W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules of the Bacterial Actin MreB Undergo Directed Treadmilling Motion in Caulobacter crescentus,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 103, 10929-10934 (2006).

240. W. E. Moerner, P. J.Schuck, D. P. Fromm, A. Kinkhabwala, S. J. Lord, S. Y. Nishimura, K. A. Willets, A. Sundaramurthy, G. Kino, M. He, Z. Lu, R. J. Twieg, “Nanophotonics and Single Molecules,” Chapter 1 of Single Molecules and Nanotechnology, R. Rigler and H. Vogel, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008), pp. 1-24.

241. C. von Borczyskowski, J. Koehler, W. E. Moerner, M. Orrit, and J. Wrachtrup, “Single-Molecule Electron Spin Resonance,” Appl. Magn. Reson. (special issue honoring George Feher) 31, 665-676 (2007).

242. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Mountains Yield Nanoscale Cell Images,” Nature Methods 3, 781-782 (2006).

243. G. T. Gavranovic, S. Csihony, N. B. Bowden, C. J. Hawker, R. M. Waymouth, W. E. Moerner, G. G. Fuller, “Well-Controlled Living Polymerization of Perylene-Labeled Polyisoprenes and Their Use in Single-Molecule Imaging, “ Macromolecules 39, 8121-8127 (2006).

244. H. Wang, Z. Lu, S. J. Lord, K. A. Willets, J. A. Bertke, S. D. Bunge, W. E. Moerner, R. J. Twieg, “The Influence of Tetrahydroquinoline Rings in Dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran (DCDHF) Single-Molecule Fluorophores,” Tetrahedron 63, 103-114 (2007).

245. Z. Lu, S. J. Lord, H. Wang, W. E. Moerner, and R. J. Twieg, “A Long-Wavelength Analog of PRODAN: Synthesis and Properties of Anthradan, a Fluorophore with a 2,6-Donor-Acceptor Anthracene Structure,” J. Org. Chem. 71, 9651-9657 (2006).

246. A. E. Cohen and W. E. Moerner, “Internal Mechanical Response of a Polymer in Solution,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 116001-(1-4) (2007).

247. A. E. Cohen and W. E. Moerner, “Principal-Components Analysis of Shape Fluctuations of Single DNA Molecules,” Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 104, 12622-12627 (2007).

248. W. E. Moerner, “New Directions in Single-Molecule Imaging and Analysis,” Invited Perspective, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 104, 12596-12602 (2007).

249. H. Wang, Z. Lu, S. J. Lord, W. E. Moerner, and R. J. Twieg, “Modifications of DCDHF Single-Molecule Fluorophores to Impart Water Solubility,” Tet. Lett. 48, 3471-3474 (2007).

250. N. R. Conley, A. Kurtz Pomerantz, H. Wang, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “Bulk and Single-Molecule Characterization of an Improved Molecular Beacon Utilizing H-Dimer Excitonic Behavior,” J. Phys. Chem. B Letters 111, 7929-7931 (Web release 21 July 2007).

251. S. J. Lord, Z. Lu, H. Wang, K. A. Willets, P. J. Schuck, H. D. Lee, S. Y. Nishimura, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “Photophysical Properties of Acene DCDHF Fluorophores: Long-Wavelength Single-Molecule Emitters Designed for Cellular Imaging,” J. Phys. Chem. A 111, 8934-8941 (2007).

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252. F. Jäckel, A. Kinkhabwala, and W. E. Moerner, “Gold bowtie nanoantennas for surface-enhanced Raman scattering under controlled electrochemical potential,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 446, 339-343 (2007).

253. J. Hwang and W. E. Moerner, “Interferometry of a Single Nanoparticle Using the Gouy Phase of a Focused Laser Beam,” Opt. Commun. 280, 487-491 (published online, Sept. 4, 2007).

254. H-L. Lee, E. A. Dubikovskaya, H. Hwang, A. N. Semyonov, H. Wang, L. R. Jones, R. J. Twieg, W. E. Moerner, and P. A. Wender, “Single-Molecule Motions of Oligoarginine Transporter Conjugates on the Plasma Membrane of CHO Cells,” J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 130, 9364-9370 (published online, June 26, 2008).

255. A. E. Cohen and W. E. Moerner, “Controlling Brownian motion of single protein molecules and single fluorophores in aqueous buffer,” Optics Express 16, 6941-6956 (2008).

256. S. J. Lord, N. R. Conley, H.-L. D. Lee, R. Samuel, Na Liu, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “A Photoactivatable Push-Pull Fluorophore for Single-Molecule Imaging in Live Cells,” J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 130, 9204-9205 (published online, June 24, 2008).

257. G. R. Bowman, L. R. Comolli, J. Zhu, M. Eckart, M. Koenig, K. H. Downing, W. E. Moerner, T. Earnest, L. Shapiro, “A polymeric protein anchors the chromosomal origin/ParB complex at a bacterial cell pole,” Cell 134, 945-955 (2008).

258. N. R. Conley, J. S. Biteen, and W. E. Moerner, “Cy3-Cy5 Covalent Heterodimers for Single-Molecule Photoswitching,” J. Phys. Chem. B Lett. 112, 11878-11880 (published online, 28 August 2008).

259. Y. Jiang, Q. Wang, A. E. Cohen, N. Douglas, J. Frydman, and W. E. Moerner, “Hardware-based anti-Brownian electrokinetic trap (ABEL trap) for single molecules: Control loop simulations and application to ATP binding stoichiometry in multi-subunit enzymes,” Proc. SPIE 7038, 703807 (2008).

260. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging: From Early Steps to Recent Advances,” in Single Molecule Spectroscopy in Chemistry, Physics and Biology: Nobel Symposium 138 Proceedings, Springer Series in Chemical Physics Vol. 96, A. Gräslund, R. Rigler, J. Widengren, Eds. ( Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2009).

261. S. J. Lord, N. R. Conley, H.-L. D. Lee, S. Y. Nishimura, A. K. Pomerantz, K. A. Willets, Z. Lu, H. Wang, N. Liu, R. Samuel, R. Weber, A. Semyonov, M. He, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “DCDHF Fluorophores for Single-Molecule Imaging in Cells,” Chem Phys Chem 10th Anniversary Issue 10, 55-65 (2009).

262. A. K. Pomerantz, W. E. Moerner, and E. T. Kool, “Visualization of Long Human Telomere Mimics by Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging,” J. Phys. Chem. B Lett. 112, 13184-13187 (published online 26 September 2008).

263. J. S. Biteen, M. A. Thompson, N. K. Tselentis, G. R.Bowman, L. Shapiro, W. E. Moerner, “Superresolution Imaging in Live Caulobacter Crescentus Cells Using Photoswitchable EYFP,” Nature Meth. 5, 947-949 (published online, 15 September 2008).

264. Z. Lu, N. Liu, S. J. Lord, S. D. Bunge, W. E. Moerner, and R. J. Twieg, “Bright-Red Single-Molecule Emitters: Synthesis and Properties of Environmentally Sensitive

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Dicyanomethylenedihydrofuran (DCDHF) Fluorophores with Bisaromatic Conjugation,” Chem. Mater. 21, 797-810 (2009).

265. S. R. P. Pavani*, M. A. Thompson*, J. S. Biteen, S. J. Lord, N. Liu, R. J. Twieg, R. Piestun, and W. E. Moerner, (*equal contributions), "Three-Dimensional Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging Beyond the Diffraction Limit Using a Double-Helix Point Spread Function," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 106, 2995-2999 (published online, 11 February 2009).

266. J. K. Lee, F. Jäckel, W. E. Moerner, and Z. Bao, “Micron-sized DNA-Single Fluorophore-DNA Supramolecule: Synthesis and Single-Molecule Characterization,” appearing in Small 5, 2418-2423 (published online, June 10, 2009).

267. R. Won and W. E. Moerner, “Eyes on Super-resolution,” Nature Photonics 3, 368-369 (2009).

268. A. Kinkhabwala, Z. Yu, S. Fan, Y. Avlasevich, K. Müllen, and W. E. Moerner, “Large Single-Molecule Fluorescence Enhancements Produced by a Bowtie Nanoantenna,” Nature Photonics 3, 654-657 (2009) (published online, October 18, 2009).

269. K. Rivoire, A. Kinkhabwala, F. Hatami, W. T. Masselink, Y. Avlasevich, K. Müllen, W.E. Moerner, and Jelena Vuckovic, "Lithographic Positioning of Fluorescent Molecules on High-Q Photonic Crystal Cavities," Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 123113-1-3 (2009).

270. M. Orrit and W. E. Moerner, “High Resolution Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Condensed Matter,” appearing in Physics and Chemistry at Low Temperatures, L. Khriachtchev, Ed. (World Scientific, in press).

271. S. J. Lord, H-L. D. Lee, R. Samuel, R. Weber, N. Liu, N. R. Conley, M. A. Thompson, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “Azido Push–Pull Fluorogens Photoactivate to Produce Bright Fluorescent Labels,” appearing in J. Phys. Chem. B (Michael R. Wasielewski Festschrift), published online October 27, 2009, doi: 10.1021/jp907080r.

272. J. S. Biteen and W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule and Superresolution Imaging in Live Bacterial Cells,” appearing in Cell Biology of Bacteria PRK, L. Shapiro and R. Losick, Eds. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2010).

273. Q. Wang and W. E. Moerner, “Optimal Strategy for Trapping Single Fluorescent Molecules in Solution Using the ABEL Trap,” Appl. Phys. B 99, 23-30 (2010), published online December 12, 2009.

274. M. A. Thompson*, M. D. Lew*, M. Badieirostami, and W. E. Moerner, (*equal contributions), “Localizing and Tracking Single Nanoscale Emitters in Three Dimensions with High Spatio-Temporal Resolution Using a Double-Helix Point Spread Function,” Nano Letters 10, 211 (2010), published online December 15, 2009.

275. R. Goldsmith and W. E. Moerner, “Watching Conformational- and Photo-Dynamics of Single Fluorescent Proteins in Solution,” Nature Chemistry 2, 179-186 (2010), published online January 31, 2010.

276. S. J. Lord, H.-L. D. Lee, and W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Imaging of Biomolecules in Living Cells,’ Perspective, Anal. Chem. 82, 2192-2203 (2010), published online February 17, 2010.

277. M. D. Lew, M. A. Thompson, M. Badieirostami, and W. E. Moerner, “In-vivo Three-

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Dimensional Superresolution Fluorescence Tracking using a Double-Helix Point Spread Function,” Proc. SPIE 7571, 75710Z-1-75710Z-13 (2010).

278. J. S. Biteen, L. Shapiro, and W. E. Moerner, “Exploring Protein Superstructures and Dynamics in Live Bacterial Cells Using Single-Molecule and Superresolution Imaging,” appearing in Methods in Molecular Biology, Single-Molecule Analysis: Methods and Protocols, E. J. G. Peterman and G. J. L. Wuite, Eds. (Humana Press, New York, in press 2010).

279. M. A. Thompson, J. S. Biteen, S. J. Lord, N. R. Conley, and W. E. Moerner, “Molecules and Methods for Super-Resolution Imaging,” appearing in Methods in Enzymology, Volume 475, Nils G. Walter, Editor (Elseveir, New York, in press, 2010).

280. Jerod L. Ptacin, Steven F. Lee, Ethan C. Garner, Esteban Toro, Michael Eckart, Luis R. Comolli, W.E. Moerner, and Lucy Shapiro, “A spindle-like apparatus guides bacterial chromosome segregation,” appearing in Nature Cell Biology (2010), published online July 25, 2010.

281. S. Y. Kim, E. J. Miller, J. Frydman, and W. E. Moerner, “Action of the chaperonin GroEL/ES on a non-native substrate observed with single-molecule FRET,” appearing in J. Molec. Biol. (2010).

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Published Conference Abstracts 1. W. E. Moerner, E. J. Peterman, H. Sosa, S. Brasselet, R. M. Dickson, S. Kummer, R.

Sakowicz, and L. S. B. Goldstein, "Single-Molecule Studies of Fluorescent Proteins and Enzymes," Biophys. J. 76, A20-A20 (1999).

2. P. Schwille, S. Kummer, W. E. Moerner, and W. W. Webb, "Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) of Different GFP Mutants Reveals Fast Light-Driven Intramolecular Dynamics", Biophys. J. 76, A260-A260 (1999).

3. E. J. Peterman, S. Brasselet, and W. E. Moerner, "The Fluorescence Dyanamics of Single Molecules of Green Fluorescent Protein: Effect of Mutations, pH and Matrix", Biophys. J. 76, A445-A445 (1999).

4. H. J. Sosa, E. J. Peterman, W. E. Moerner, and L. S. B. Goldstein, "Orientation and Dynamics of Kinesin Motors Revealed by Fluorescence Polarization Microscopy of Many and Single Molecules", Biophys. J. 80, 572A-572A (2001).

5. M. F. Paige, E. Bjerneld, and W. E. Moerner, "A Comparison of Through-the-Objective Total Internal Reflection and Epifluorescence Microscopies for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Experiments", Biophys. J. 82, 45A-46A (2002).

6. J. Deich, B. Lounis, F. I. Rosell, S. G. Boxer, and W. E. Moerner, "Photophysics of DsRed, a Red Fluorescent Protein, from the Ensemble to the Single-Molecule Level", Biophys. J. 82, 46A-47A (2002).

7. J. Deich, K. Mauring, F. I. Rosell, T. B. McAnaney, W. E. Moerner, and S. G. Boxer, "Enhancement of the Blue Fluorescent Protein’s Fluorescence by High Pressure or Low Temperature", Biophys. J. 82, 427A-427A (2002).

8. M. Vrljic, S. Y. Nishimura, S. Brasselet, W. E. Moerner, H. M. McConnell, "Uncorrelated Diffusion of MHC Class II Proteins in the Plasma Membrane", Biophys. J. 82, 523A-523A (2002).

9. S. Y. Kim, D. Fromm, S. Hess, R. J. Twieg, G. W. Farr, A. L. Horwich, J. Frydman, and W. E. Moerner, ”Probing Local Polarity Changes in GroEL/ES with Fluorescence Spectroscopy,” Biophys. J. 84, 26A-26A (2003).

10. M. Vrljic, S. Y. Nishimura, W. E. Moerner, and H. M. McConnell,”The Effect of Varying Cholesterol Concentrations on the Translational Diffusion of Individual Class II MHC Membrane Proteins in Cells,” Biophys. J. 84, 325A-325A (2003).

11. A. Kurtz, E. T. Kool, and W. E. Moerner, “Real-Time Observations of T7 DNA Polymerase Activity by Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy,” Biophysical Society 1757-Pos, February, 2005.

12. S. Nishimura, M. Vrljic, H. M. McConnell, and W. E. Moerner, “Evidence for Condensed Complexes in the Plasma Membrane,” Biophysical Society 377-Pos, February, 2005.

13. S. Y. Kim, Z. Gitai, L. Shapiro, and W. E. Moerner, “Motion of Single MreB Proteins in Caulobacter Imply Short, Oriented Filaments,” Biophysical Society 2853-Pos, February, 2006.

14. Yasuhiro M. Umemura, Takahiro K. Fujiwara, Kenichi G. N. Suzuki, Marija Vrljic, Stefanie Y. Nishimura, W E. Moerner, and Akihiro Kusumi, “Both MHC class II and its GPI-

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anchored form undergo hop diffusion as observed by single-molecule tracking,” Biophysical Society, 2515-POS/B730, March, 2007.

15. Whitney C. Duim, Jian Cui, Erik J. Miller, So Yeon Kim, Dmitriy Gremyachinskiy, Klaus M. Hahn, Robert J. Twieg, Judith Frydman, and W. E. Moerner, “Probing TRiC-Mediated Folding of Actin in vitro With Bulk and Single-Molecule Fluorescence Measurements,” 2008 Biophysical Society Meeting Abstracts. Biophysical Journal 94, 2488-Pos (2008).

16. H.-L. Lee, E. A. Goun, H. Hwang, A. N. Semyonov, H. Wang, L. R. Jones, R. J. Twieg, P. A. Wender, and W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Motions of Oligoarginine Cell-Penetrating Peptides on the Plasma Membrane of CHO Cells Imply Multiple Entry Mechanisms,” 2008 Biophysical Society Meeting Abstracts. Biophysical Journal, Biophysical Journal 94, 2495-Pos (2008).

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Invited Presentations 1. W. E. Moerner, "Conductivity and Optical Properties of Glow-Discharge Deposited

Amorphous Silicon - A Promising New Semiconductor," Solid State Seminar, Cornell University Physics Department, November 15, 1977.

2. G. C. Bjorklund, W. E. Moerner, and F. M. Schellenberg, "Progress in Frequency Domain Optical Memories," Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO '82), Phoenix, Arizona, April 14-16, 1982.

3. G. C. Bjorklund, W. E. Moerner, F. M. Schellenberg, and P. Pokrowsky, "Recent Progress in PHB Optical Memories," Symposium on Unconventional Photoactive Solids, Wasserschloss Mitwitz, Mitwitz, West Germany, June 28 - July 1, 1982.

4. W. E. Moerner, "Persistent Spectral Hole Burning for a Molecular Vibrational Mode in a Crystalline Solid," Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, West Germany, July 2, 1982.

5. W. E. Moerner and G. C. Bjorklund, "Progress in Frequency Domain Optical Memories," Chemical Physics Institute, ETH-Zürich, Switzerland, July 8, 1982.

6. W. E. Moerner and G. C. Bjorklund, "Progress in Frequency Domain Optical Memories," Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Bern, Switzerland, July 9, 1982.

7. W. E. Moerner and G. C. Bjorklund, "Progress in Frequency Domain Optical Memories and Hole-Burning at GaAlAs Laser Wavelengths," IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland, July 12, 1982.

8. W. E. Moerner, "Materials for Frequency Domain Optical Memories," Research Seminar, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, October 13, 1982.

9. W. E. Moerner and G. C. Bjorklund, "Materials for Frequency Domain Optical Memory Applications: Progress and Remaining Problems," NRL - ONR Photochemistry Conference, Washington, D.C., October 15, 1982.

10. W. E. Moerner and G. C. Bjorklund, "Materials for Frequency Domain Optical Memory Applications: Progress and Outlook," SRI International, Menlo Park, California, November 3, 1982.

11. W. E. Moerner, "Frequency Domain Optical Memories: An Important Application of Laser Spectroscopy," Physics Colloquium, University of Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California, April 18, 1983.

12. W. E. Moerner, "Photochemical and Photophysical Spectral Hole Dynamics in Organic and Inorganic Systems," Chemical Physics Seminar, Stanford University, Stanford, California, April 21, 1983.

13. W. E. Moerner, "Materials Requirements for Frequency Domain Optical Memories," Quantum Electronics Seminar on Experimental Techniques in Lasers and Optics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, October 24,1983.

14. W. E. Moerner, "Materials for Frequency Domain Optical Memories," 1983 Office of Naval Research and Naval Research Laboratory Photochemistry Conference, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, November 11, 1983.

15. W. E. Moerner, "Hole-Burning Materials for Frequency Domain Optical Memories," March Meeting of the American Physical Society, Detroit, Michigan, March 28, 1984.

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16. W. E. Moerner, "Frequency Domain Optical Storage: The Quest for the Ultimate Material," Solid State Physics Seminar, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, April 3, 1984.

17. W. E. Moerner, "Frequency Domain Optical Storage: A Potentially Exciting Application of Laser Spectroscopy," Physics Colloquium, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, April 12, 1984.

18. W. E. Moerner, "Organic Photoreactions for Frequency Domain Optical Storage," Gordon Research Conference on Electron Donor Acceptor Interactions, Plymouth, New Hampshire, August 13-17, 1984.

19. W. E. Moerner, "A Challenge for Laser Spectroscopy of Solids: Frequency Domain Optical Storage," Lasers '84, San Francisco, California, November 26, 1984.

20. W. E. Moerner, "Photochemical Hole-Burning," IBM Scientific Advisory Committee Meeting on Optical Storage, Boulder, Colorado, February 14, 1985.

21. W. E. Moerner, "Laser-Light-Induced Physical Processes in Optical Materials: Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning," SPIE Critical Review on Radiation Effects in Optical Materials, Southwest Conference on Optics, Albuquerque, New Mexico, March 6, 1985.

22. W. E. Moerner, "Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning: Dynamical Requirements for Frequency Domain Optical Storage," Gordon Research Conference on Molecular Electronic Spectroscopy, Wolfeboro, New Hampshire, August 12-16, 1985.

23. W. E. Moerner, "Dynamical Hole-Burning Requirements for Frequency Domain Optical Storage," Second International Conference on Unconventional Photoactive Solids, Cleveland, Ohio, September 9-12, 1985.

24. W. E. Moerner, "Materials for Photon-Gated Spectral Hole-Burning," Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, February 11, 1986.

25. W. E. Moerner, "Mechanisms for Photon-Gated Spectral Hole-Burning," Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, February 13, 1986.

26. W. E. Moerner, "Frequency Domain Optical Storage Using Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning: Photon Gating," Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, Minnesota, May 19, 1986.

27. W. E. Moerner, "Frequency Domain Optical Storage: Photon-Gated Materials," Xerox Palo Alto Research Center ICL Seminar, Palo Alto, California, August 18, 1986.

28. W. E. Moerner, "Spectroscopy of Inhomogeneously Broadened Zero-Phonon Transitions in Solids: Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning and Beyond," Chemistry Department Colloquium, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, September 24, 1987.

29. W. E. Moerner and T. P. Carter, "Statistical Fine Structure in Inhomogeneously Broadened Absorption Lines in Solids," International Laser Science Conference ILS-III, Atlantic City, New Jersey, November 1-5, 1987.

30. W. E. Moerner, "Spectroscopy of Inhomogeneously Broadened Zero-Phonon Transitions in Solids: Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning and Beyond," Chemistry Colloquium, University of California, Riverside, California, November 11, 1987.

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31. W. E. Moerner, "Statistical Fine Structure in Inhomogeneously Broadened Spectral Lines," American Physical Society March Meeting, New Orleans, Lousiana,March 21-25, 1988.

32. W. E. Moerner, "Statistical Fine Structure of Inhomogeneously Broadened Absorption Lines," Condensed Matter Seminar, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, May 8, 1988.

33. W. E. Moerner, "Photon-Gating and High-Density Frequency Domain Optical Storage," IEEE Vail Computer Elements Workshop, Vail, Colorado, June 28, 1988.

34. W. E. Moerner, "Statistical Fine Structure in Inhomogeneously Broadened Spectral Lines," AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey, July 1, 1988.

35. W. E. Moerner, "New Developments in Laser Spectroscopy of Solids: Statistical Fine Structure," Cornell University Optical Science Seminar, Ithaca, New York, September 19, 1988.

36. W. E. Moerner, "New Developments in Laser Spectroscopy of Solids--Statistical Fine Structure," Physical Chemistry Seminar, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, November 18, 1988.

37. W. E. Moerner, "How to Use Inhomogeneous Broadening to Your Advantage: Statistical Fine Structure and Single Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids," American Physical Society March Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, March 20-24, 1989.

38. W. E. Moerner, "Statistical Properties of Inhomogeneously Broadened Lines in Solids," American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, Dallas, Texas, April 9-14, 1989.

39. W. E. Moerner, "Photon-Gated Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning," International Symposium on Optical Memory, ISOM 89, Kobe, Japan, September 26-28, 1989.

40. W. E. Moerner, "Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy in Solids: Single-Molecule Detection," Fourth International Conference on Unconventional Photoactive Solids, The Almaden Symposium, San Jose, California, October 15-18, 1989.

41. W. E. Moerner, "Fundamental Aspects of Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning: Photon-Gating, Statistical Fine Structure, and Absorption Spectra of Single Dopant Centers in Solids," invited talk presented at:

(i) The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, October 23, 1989;

(ii) SONY Corporation Central Research Center, Yokohama, Japan, October 24, 1989; (iii) Nikon Corporation Research Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan, October 25, 1989; (iv) Mitsubishi Central Research Laboratory, Hyogo, Japan, October 26, 1989; (v) Toray Industries Electronic and Imaging Materials Research Laboratory, Otsu, Japan,

October 27, 1989.

42. W. E. Moerner and G. C. Bjorklund, "Organic Optoelectronic Materials," IBM 1989 Computer Science Symposium on Novel Computing, Gotemba, Japan, October 29, 1989.

43. W. E. Moerner, "Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning: Photon-Gating and Fundamental Statistical Limits," International Symposium on Polymers for Microelectronics Science and Technology (PME '89), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, October 29 - November 2, 1989.

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44. W. E. Moerner, "Laser Spectroscopy of Solids: From Sqrt(N) to N = 1," U. S. - Japan Exchange Seminar on Dynamics of Excited States, East-West Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, November 6-10, 1989.

45. W. E. Moerner, "Laser Spectroscopy of Solids: From Sqrt(N) to N = 1," Stanford Chemical Physics Seminar, Stanford, California, November 30, 1989.

46. W. E. Moerner, "How to Find a Single Molecule in a Haystack: Optical Detection and Spectroscopy of a Single Molecule in a Solid," Chemistry Department Colloquium, Columbia University, New York, New York, December 14, 1989.

47. W. E. Moerner, "Finding a Single Molecule in a Haystack: Single-Absorber Optical Spectroscopy in Molecular Solids," Western Spectroscopy Association Thirty-Seventh Annual Conference, Asilomar, California, January 25, 1990.

48. W. E. Moerner, "New Observations in Laser Spectroscopy of Solids: From Sqrt(N) to N = 1," Washington University Physics Department Colloquium, St. Louis, Missouri, February 7, 1990.

49. W. E. Moerner, "Finding a Needle in a Haystack: Optical Detection and Spectroscopy of Single Absorbers in Molecular Crystals," Physical Chemistry Colloquium, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, April 24, 1990.

50. W. E. Moerner and L. Kador, "Finding a Needle in a Haystack: Optical Detection and Spectroscopy of Single Absorbers in Solids," International Quantum Electronics Conference IQEC 90, Anaheim, California, May 22, 1990.

51. W. E. Moerner, "Finding a Single Molecule in a Haystack: Laser Spectroscopy of Solids from Sqrt(N) to N = 1," University of Oregon, Chemical Physics Institute Retreat, Charleston, Oregon, September 22, 1990.

52. W. E. Moerner, "Finding a Single Molecule in a Haystack: Laser Spectroscopy of Solids from Sqrt(N) to N = 1," University of Utah Physics Department Colloquium, Salt Lake City, Utah, October 18, 1990.

53. S. Ducharme, J. C. Scott, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "Demonstration of Photorefractivity in Organic Polymers," Postdeadline Paper Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, November 5-9, 1990.

54. W. E. Moerner and W. P. Ambrose, "Finding a Single Molecule in a Haystack: Laser Spectroscopy of Solids from Sqrt(N) to N = 1," SPIE Conference 1435 on Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy, Los Angeles, California, January 21-23, 1991.

55. W. E. Moerner and W. P. Ambrose, "Finding a Single Molecule in a Haystack: Laser Spectroscopy of Solids from Sqrt(N) to N = 1," Simon Fraser University Physics Department Colloquium, Vancouver, British Columbia, April 3, 1991.

56. W. E. Moerner and W. P. Ambrose, "Finding a Single Molecule in a Haystack: Laser Spectroscopy of Solids from Sqrt(N) to N = 1," Physics Department Colloquium, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, April 4, 1991.

57. W. E. Moerner, S. Ducharme, J. C. Scott, and R. J. Twieg, "Observation of the Photorefractive Effect in Doped Nonlinear Polymers," Materials Research Society Spring Meeting, Anaheim, California, April 30 - May 1, 1991.

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58. W. E. Moerner, S. Ducharme, J. C. Scott, and R. J. Twieg, "Observation of the Photorefractive Effect in Doped Nonlinear Polymers," Quantum Electronics and Laser Science QELS 91, Baltimore, Maryland, May 13-17, 1991.

59. W. E. Moerner, S. Ducharme, J. C. Scott, and R. J. Twieg, "Photorefractivity in Doped Nonlinear Organic Polymers," Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Engr. Conference on Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials IV, San Diego, California, July 24-26, 1991.

60. J. C. Scott, S. Ducharme, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "The Photorefractive Effect in Nonlinear Polymers," International Topical Conference on Optical Probes of Conjugated Polymers, Snowbird, Utah, August 19-22, 1991.

61. J. C. Scott, S. Ducharme, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "The Photorefractive Effect in Nonlinear Polymers," ACS Symposium on Polymeric Materials for Photonic and Optical Applications, New York, New York, August 25-30, 1991.

62. W. P. Ambrose, Th. Basché, and W. E. Moerner, "Single Molecule Spectral Diffusion in a Solid Detected by Fluorescence Spectroscopy," 1991 International Conference on Dynamical Processes in the Excited States of Solids, Leiden, The Netherlands, August 27-30, 1991.

63. W. E. Moerner, "Properties of Photorefractive Polymers," Observatoire Francais des Techniques Avancees Molecular Electronics Group Meeting, Paris, France, September 13, 1991.

64. W. E. Moerner, "Observations of Spectral Diffusion in Solids on the Single Molecule Level," Fourth Congress of the French Chemical Society Colloquium on Perspectives in Molecular Electronics, Strasbourg, France, September 19, 1991.

65. Th. Basché and W. E. Moerner, "Optical Spectra of Single Impurity Molecules in a Polymer: Spectral Diffusion and Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning," Postdeadline Paper, First International Topical Meeting on Persistent Spectral Hole-Burning Science and Applications, Monterey, California, September 26-28, 1991.

66. W. E. Moerner, "Photorefractivity in Doped Nonlinear Polymers," University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center Colloquium, Tucson, Arizona, October 24, 1991.

67. W. E. Moerner, "Observations of Spectral Diffusion and Hole-Burning for a Single Molecule in a Solid," Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, January 14, 1992.

68. W. E. Moerner, "Optical Spectroscopy of Single Impurity Molecules in Solids," Laser Applications in Chemical Analysis OSA Topical Meeting LACA III, Salt Lake City, Utah, January 27-30, 1992.

69. W. E. Moerner, "A Solid as a Single-Molecule Trap: Observations of Spectral Diffusion and Hole-Burning of a Single Impurity Molecule," American Physical Society March Meeting, Indianapolis, Indiana, March 16-20, 1992.

70. W. E. Moerner, "Characterization of Photorefractive Polymers: Proving Photorefractivity," American Chemical Society Symposium on Organic Optoelectronic Materials, Monterey, California, March 31 - April 3, 1992.

71. W. E. Moerner, C. A. Walsh, S. M. Silence, R. J. Twieg, T. J. Matray, J. C. Scott, V. Y. Lee, R. D. Miller, F. Hache, D. M. Burland, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Nonlinear Optical

36

Properties of Organic Photorefractive Polymers," Materials Research Society Symposium V, San Francisco, California, April 27-May 1, 1992.

72. W. E. Moerner, Th. Basché, W. P. Ambrose, and M. Orrit, "A Solid as a Single-Molecule Trap: Spectral Diffusion, Hole-Burning, and Photon Antibunching," Quantum Electronics and Laser Science QELS 92, Anaheim, California, May 10-15, 1992.

73. J. C. Scott, L. Th. Pautmeier, and W. E. Moerner, "Photoconduction and Photorefraction in Molecularly Doped Polymers," European Materials Research Society Meeting, Strasbourg, France, June 8-12, 1992.

74. W. E. Moerner, "Photorefractivity in Doped Nonlinear Polymers: Shifted Phase Gratings, Higher Speed, and Sensitization," Gordon Research Conference on Electronic Processes in Organic Materials, Andover, New Hampshire, July 27-31, 1992.

75. W. E. Moerner, "Photorefractive Polymers: Visions and Present Status," Institute for Experimental Physics Colloquium, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, September 9, 1992.

76. W. E. Moerner, "Photorefractive Polymers - A New Class of Materials for Optical Processing," Institute for Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of Munich, Munich, Germany, September 11, 1992.

77. W. E. Moerner (Plenary), "A Solid as a Single-Molecule Trap: Optical Spectroscopy of Single Impurity Centers in a Solid," OSA Topical Meeting on Spectral Hole-Burning and Luminescence Line-Narrowing, Ascona, Switzerland, September 14-18, 1992.

78. W. E. Moerner, S. Silence, J. C. Scott, C. A. Walsh, F. Hache, R. J. Twieg, T. Matray, V. Y. Lee, D. M. Burland, and G. C. Bjorklund, "Photorefractivity in Nonlinear Organic Polymers," Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico, September 21, 1992.

79. W. E. Moerner, Th. Basché, and M. Orrit, "Optical Spectroscopy Using a Solid as a Single-Molecule Trap," Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Albuquerque, New Mexico, September 21, 1992.

80. W. E. Moerner, "Probing a Single Molecule Hidden Deep Inside a Solid," DOE Workshop on Advanced Laser Techniques for Chemical Measurements, Santa Fe, New Mexico, October 19-21, 1992.

81. W. E. Moerner, "Physical Studies in Solids at the Single-Molecule Level," CLS-2 Seminar, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, October 21, 1992.

82. S. M. Silence, F. Hache, M. Donckers, C. A. Walsh, D. M. Burland, G. C. Bjorklund, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "Nonlinear Optical Properties of Photorefractive Polymers," OE-LASE Conference, Los Angeles, California, January 19-21, 1993.

83. W. E. Moerner (Samuel M. McElvain Lecturer), "Recent Developments in the Optical Spectroscopy of Single Molecular Impurities in Solids," Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, March 2, 1993.

84. W. E. Moerner, "New Developments in Photorefractive Polymers," American Physical Society March Meeting, Seattle, Washington, March 22-26, 1993.

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85. W. E. Moerner, "Optical Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Solids," American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, March 29 - April 2, 1993.

86. W. E. Moerner, S. M. Silence, M. Donckers, F. Hache, C. A. Walsh, E. Ginsburg, P. K. Jenkner, G. C. Bjorklund, D. M. Burland, R. D. Miller, J. C. Scott, and R. J. Twieg, "New Developments in Organic Photorefractive Polymers," Materials Research Society Spring Meeting Symposium on Organic Materials for Nonlinear Optical Applications, San Francisco, California, April 14-16, 1993.

87. W. E. Moerner, "Optical Spectroscopy of a Single Impurity Molecule in a Solid: Spectral Diffusion, Photon Antibunching, and Single-Spin Magnetic Resonance," Condensed Matter Seminar, University of California, Berkeley, California, April 21, 1993.

88. W. E. Moerner, "Optical Spectroscopy of a Single Impurity Molecule in a Solid," Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, April 29, 1993.

89. S. M. Silence, M. C. J. M. Donckers, C. A. Walsh, F. Hache, E. J. Ginsburg, P. K. Jenkner, J. C. Scott, R. J. Twieg, R. D. Miller, G. C. Bjorklund, D. M. Burland, and W. E. Moerner, "Recent Progress in Photorefractive Polymers," Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS 93), Baltimore, Maryland, May 2-7, 1993.

90. W. E. Moerner, "Single-Molecule Spectral Diffusion in Crystals and Polymers," Ninth International Conference on Dynamical Processes in Excited States of Solids, Cambridge, Massachusetts, August 2-6, 1993.

91. W. E. Moerner, "Overview of Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Condensed Media," 1993 International Conference on Luminescence and Optical Spectroscopy in Condensed Matter, Storrs, Connecticut, August 9-13, 1993.

92. Th. Basché and W. E. Moerner, "Spectral Hole-Burning and Quantum Effects of Single Impurity Molecules in a Solid," 1993 International Conference on Luminescence and Optical Spectroscopy in Condensed Matter, Storrs, Connecticut, August 9-13, 1993.

93. W. E. Moerner, "Examining the Components of the Ensemble Average Using Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids: Spectral Diffusion, Phototransformations, and Single-Spin Experiments," Stanford University Physical Chemistry Seminar, Stanford, California, September 30, 1993.

94. W. E. Moerner, G. C. Bjorklund, D. M. Burland, P. K. Jenkner, R. D. Miller, J. C. Scott, S. M. Silence, R. J. Twieg, and C. A. Walsh, "Recent Advances in Photorefractive Polymers: High Efficiency, Improved Speed, and Net Two-Beam Coupling Gain," ACS/OSA Topical Meeting on Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 6-8, 1993.

95. W. E. Moerner, "Recent Developments in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids: Spectral Diffusion, Vibrational Spectroscopy, and Magnetic Resonance of a Single Molecular Spin," Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of Munich, Munich, Germany, 10 November 1993.

96. W. E. Moerner, "Recent Developments in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids: Spectral Diffusion, Vibrational Spectroscopy, and Magnetic Resonance of a Single Molecular Spin," Laser Seminar, Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany, 11 November 1993.

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97. W. E. Moerner," Recent Developments in the Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Solids," Inorganic Chemistry Seminar, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 18 November 1993.

98. W. E. Moerner, "Recent Developments in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids: Spectral Diffusion, Vibrational Spectroscopy, and Magnetic Resonance of a Single Molecular Spin," Laser Seminar, IBM Zürich Research Laboratory, Rüschlikon, Switzerland, 6 December 1993.

99. W. E. Moerner, "Recent Developments in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids: Spectral Diffusion, Vibrational Spectroscopy, and Magnetic Resonance of a Single Molecular Spin," Organic Chemistry Seminar, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, 15 December 1993.

100. W. E. Moerner, "Recent Developments in the Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Solids," Physics Colloquium, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany, January 21, 1994.

101. W. E. Moerner, "New Frontiers in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids: Spectral Diffusion, Vibrational Modes, and Magnetic Resonance of a Single Molecular Spin," Laboratory for Physical Chemistry Colloquium, ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, February 15, 1994.

102. W. E. Moerner, "Spectroscopy of Individual Molecules in Solids," Ehrenfest Colloquium, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands, March 16, 1994.

103. W. E. Moerner, "Photorefractive Polymers," Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, March 17, 1994.

104. W. E. Moerner, "Detection and Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Solids," Conference on Development of Sensors for Environmental Microbes, Logan, Utah, April 11, 1994.

105. W. E. Moerner, "New Frontiers in Solids at the Level of a Single Impurity Molecule," Physics Seminar, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, April 12, 1994.

106. W. E. Moerner, "Photorefractive Polymers," Laser Seminar, ETH-Hönggerberg, Zürich, Switzerland, April 25, 1994.

107. W. E. Moerner, "New Frontiers in Single Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids," Gordon Research Conference on Electronic Processes in Organic Materials, Proctor Academy, New Hampshire, July 24-29, 1994.

108. W. E. Moerner, "Spectroscopy of Individual Molecules Trapped in Solids," 14th International Conference on Atomic Physics, Boulder, Colorado, July 31-August 5, 1994.

109. W. E. Moerner, S. M. Silence, G. C. Bjorklund, D. M. Burland, R. D. Miller, J. J. Stankus, and R. J. Twieg, "Photorefractive Polymers Tutorial," ACS/OSA Symposium on Polymeric Thin Films for Photonic Applications, Washington, D. C., August 21-24, 1994.

110. W. E. Moerner, "New Frontiers in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids: Resonance Frequency Shifts, Vibrational Modes, and Magnetic Resonance of a Single Molecular Spin," American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, D. C., August 21-24, 1994.

111. W. E. Moerner, S. M. Silence, G. C. Bjorklund, D. M. Burland, R. D. Miller, J. J. Stankus, and R. J. Twieg, "Science and Applications of Photorefractive Polymers," OSA Topical

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Meeting on Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies, Tokyo, Japan, August 24-26, 1994.

112. W. E. Moerner, "Spectroscopy of Individual Molecules in Solids," NRC-CNRC Gerhard Herzberg Honorary Conference on The Future of Spectroscopy, Ste-Adèle, Quebec, September 26-28, 1994.

113. W. E. Moerner, G. C. Bjorklund, S. M. Silence, and J. J. Stankus, "Photorefractive Polymers and Their Applications," Optical Society of America Annual Meeting - ILS IX, Dallas, Texas, October 2-7, 1994.

114. W. E. Moerner, "New Frontiers in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids," Chemistry Department Colloquium, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, October 24, 1994.

115. W. E. Moerner, "Probing Nanoenvironments in Solids with Individual Impurity Molecules," Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of California, Berkeley, California, November 1, 1994.

116. W. E. Moerner, "New Frontiers in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids," Condensed Matter Seminar, University of California, Davis, California, November 10, 1994.

117. W. E. Moerner, "Guacamoles as Probes of Local Environments in Solids," Aspen 1995 Winter Conference on Condensed Matter Physics, Aspen, Colorado, January 15-21, 1995.

118. W. E. Moerner, "New Frontiers in the Spectroscopy of Individual Molecules in Solids," Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, January 25, 1995.

119. Anne B. Myers, P. Tchénio, and W. E. Moerner, "Dynamics and Vibrational Spectra of Individual Molecules in Polymer Glasses," Photonics West Conference on Advanced Optical Methods for Ultrasensitive Detection, San Jose, California, February 6-7, 1995.

120. W. E. Moerner, "Guacamoles, Shpol’skii Matrices, and Subwavelength Optical Spectroscopy," Science Colloquium, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California, February 10, 1995.

121. W. E. Moerner, "Science and Applications of Photorefractive Polymers," Arthur D. Little Lecture in Physical Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, March 7, 1995.

122. W. E. Moerner, "Probing Nanoenvironments in Solids with Single Impurity Molecules," Arthur D. Little Lecture in Physical Chemistry and MIT/Harvard Physical Chemistry Seminar, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, March 9, 1995.

123. W. E. Moerner, "Science and Applications of Photorefractive Polymers," Tutorial for March Meeting of the American Physical Society, San Jose, California, March 19, 1995.

124. W. E. Moerner, "Near-Field Optical Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Solids," Joint U. S.-European Conference on Nanostructures, University of California, Santa Barbara, March 27-28, 1995.

125. W. E. Moerner, J. Köhler, E. J. J. Groenen, and J. Schmidt, "Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of A Single Molecular Spin," Plenary Lecture, 36th Experimental Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Conference, Boston, Massachusetts, March 26-30, 1995.

126. C. Poga, D. M. Burland, T. Hanemann, C. R. Moylan, S. M. Silence, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, "Photorefractivity in Organic Polymeric Materials," SPIE Conference on

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Xerographic Photoreceptors and Photorefractive Polymers, San Jose, California, July 10-11, 1995.

127. W. E. Moerner, "Photon-Gated Spectral Hole-Burning Materials," Conference on Material Requirements for Persistent Spectral Hole Burning and Time-Domain Optical Storage and Processing, Bozeman, Montana, August 3-4, 1995.

128. W. E. Moerner, "Photorefractive Polymer Composites: A New Class of Optical Holographic Materials," Society for Applied Spectroscopy and Golden Gate Polymer Forum, Menlo Park, California, September 7, 1995.

129. W. E. Moerner, D. Pohl, and U. P. Wild, "Near-Field Optical Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Solids," Seventh International Conference on Unconventional Photoactive Systems, Palo Alto, California, September 5-8, 1995.

130. W. E. Moerner, U. P. Wild, and D. Pohl, "Near-Field Excitation and Stark Effect of Single Molecules in Solids," Optical Society of America Annual Meeting/ILS-XI, Portland, Oregon, September 10-15, 1995.

131. W. E. Moerner, C. Poga, Y. Jia, and R. J. Twieg, "Photorefractive Polymers for Holographic Optical Storage," OSA/ACS Topical Meeting on Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications, Portland, Oregon, September 11-14, 1995.

132. W. E. Moerner, "Probing Nanoenvironments in Solids with Single Impurity Molecule Spectroscopy," Condensed Matter Physics Seminar, UCSD, La Jolla, California, October 4, 1995.

133. W. E. Moerner, "Probing Nanoenvironments in Solids Using Single Impurity Molecule Spectroscopy," University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center Colloquium, Tucson, Arizona, October 26, 1995.

134. W. E. Moerner, "Probing Nanoenvironments in Solids with Single Impurity Molecules," Todai Institute of Solid State Physics Symposium 1995, Tokyo, Japan, November 8-10, 1995.

135. W. E. Moerner, “Fundamentals of Single-Molecule Spectroscopy,” International Workshop on Single Molecule Spectroscopy: New Systems and Methods, Monte Verita, Ascona, Switzerland, March 10-15, 1996.

136. W. E. Moerner, D. M. Burland, C. R. Moylan, and R. J. Twieg, “Mechanisms of Photorefractivity in Polymer Composites,” ACS Annual Meeting Symposium on Charge Transfer Interactions in Polymers, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 24-29, 1996.

137. W. E. Moerner, “High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Solids,” (Plenary) 51st Ohio State University International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy, Columbus, Ohio, June 10-14, 1996.

138. W. E. Moerner, “Optical Spectroscopy of Individual Molecules in Solids,” Gordon Research Conference on Atomic and Molecular Interactions, Colby-Sawyer College, New London, New Hampshire, June 30 - July 5, 1996.

139. W. E. Moerner, “Mechanisms of Photorefractivity in Polymer Composites,” SPIE Conference on Organic Photorefractive Materials and Xerographic Photoreceptors, Denver, Colorado, August 7-8, 1996.

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140. P. M. Lundquist, C. Poga, R. G. Devoe, R. M. Shelby, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “High-Density Digital Data Storage in Organic Photorefractive Materials,” SPIE Conference on Organic Photorefractive Materials and Xerographic Photoreceptors, Denver, Colorado, August 7-8, 1996.

141. W. E. Moerner and D. J. Norris, Fundamentals of Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Solids,” Fifth International Meeting on Hole Burning and Related Spectroscopies, Brainerd, Minnesota, September 13-17, 1996.

142. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Nanophotonics: Gels and Molecular Motors,” Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, October 8, 1996.

143. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Nanophotonics,” Sixth NEC Symposium on Fundamental Approaches to New Material Phases: Quantum Optical Phenomena in Spatialy Confined Materials, Karuizawa, Japan, October 13-17, 1996.

144. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Nanophotonics,” University of Texas Organic Chemistry Seminar, Austin, Texas, October 25, 1996.

145. W. E. Moerner, “Probing Nanoenvironments in Condensed Media with Single Fluorophores,” Chemistry Division Seminar, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, December 2, 1996.

146. W. E. Moerner, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, and C. Thompson, “Mechanisms of Photorefractivity in Polymer Composites,” Third International Conference on Organic Nonlinear Optics, Marco Island, Florida, December 16-20, 1996.

147. W. E. Moerner, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, and C. L. Thompson, “Observation of Beam Fanning in a Photorefractive Polymer,” Materials Research Society 1997 Spring Meeting, San Francisco, California, March 31- April 4, 1997.

148. R. M. Dickson and W. E. Moerner, “Polyacrylamide Gels for Single-Molecule Biophysics,” Symposium on Chemistry of Single Molecules, American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, April 13-17, 1997.

149. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Nanophotonics,” La Jolla Interfaces in Science Conference, April 18, 1997.

150. W. E. Moerner, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, and C. L. Thompson, “Recent Advances in Photorefractive Polymer Materials,” SPIE Symposium 3147, Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Materials X, San Diego, California, July 30 – August 1, 1997.

151. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Chemistry and Biophysics: Peeling Back the Ensemble Average,” R. B. Woodward Lecture, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, September 15, 1997.

152. W. E. Moerner, “Mechanisms and Applications of Photorefractivity in New Polymer Composites,” R. B. Woodward Lecture, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, September 18, 1997.

153. W. E. Moerner and A. Grunnet-Jepsen, “Recent Advances in High Gain Photorefractive Polymers,” IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California, November 10-13, 1997.

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154. W. E. Moerner, R. M. Dickson, and S. Kummer, “Optical Probes of Single Molecules and Proteins in Gels,” Advances in Cellular Imaging, Cambridge Healthtech Institute, San Diego, California, November 13-14, 1997.

155. W. E. Moerner, R. M. Dickson, and S. Kummer, “Single-Molecule Nanophotonics in Solids, Liquids, and Proteins,” Japan-U. S. Information Exchange Seminar on Photophysics and Photoconversion in Small domains by Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy,” Napa Valley, California, January 10-14, 1998.

156. W. E. Moerner, “Understanding Photorefractivity in Polymers: Materials for an Optical Transistor?” Physical Chemistry Colloquium, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, January 27, 1998.

157. W. E. Moerner, “Photorefractive Polymers: Materials for Optical Processing Applications,” Weissberger-Williams Lecture, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York, February 6, 1998.

158. W. E. Moerner, “Optical Studies of Individual Molecules, One at a Time—What Can We Learn?”, Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, February 17, 1998.

159. W. E. Moerner, R. M. Dickson, and S. Kummer, “Optical Studies of Single Molecules and Proteins in Biocompatible Gels,” Annual Meeting, Biophysical Society, Kansas City, Missouri, February 22-26, 1998.

160. W. E. Moerner, “Optical Properties of Single Small Fluorophores and Single Green Fluorescent Protein Molecules in Poly(acrylamide) Gels,” March Meeting, American Physical Society, Los Angeles, California, March 16-20, 1998.

161. W. E. Moerner, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, B. Smith, and D. Wright, “Recent Advances in Photorefractive Polymer Composites,” Dallas National Meeting, American Chemical Society, Dallas, Texas, March 29 – April 2, 1998.

162. W. E. Moerner, R. M. Dickson, and S. Summer, “Single-Molecule Optical Probes of Local Environments in Gels and Proteins,” Dallas National Meeting, American Chemical Society, Dallas, Texas, March 29 – April 2, 1998.

163. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule ‘Astronomy’ in Condensed Media: Peeling Back the Ensemble Average,” Chemical Sciences and Technology Laboratory Colloquium, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, April 15, 1998.

164. W. E. Moerner, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, D. A. Wright, and B. R. Smith, “Recent Advances in High Gain Photorefractive Polymers,” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CLEO ‘98, San Francisco, California, May 3-8, 1998.

165. M. A. Diaz-Garcia, D. Wright, M. DeClue, J. Casperson, B. R. Smith, W. E. Moerner, and R. J. Twieg, “High-Speed Photorefractive Polymer Composites,” Postdeadline Paper, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CLEO ‘98, San Francisco, California, May 3-8, 1998.

166. W. E. Moerner, “Recent Advances in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Chemistry and Biophysics: Peeling Back the Ensemble Average“, Gordon Conference on Electronic Processes in Organic Materials, Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode Island, July 26-31, 1998.

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167. W. E. Moerner, “Mechanisms of Photorefractivity in Polymer Composites,” Summer School on Molecular Optoelectronics, Cursos de Verano, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid, Spain, August 3-7, 1998.

168. W. E. Moerner, “Applications of Photorefractive Polymers,” Summer School on Molecular Optoelectronics, Cursos de Verano, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid, Spain, August 3-7, 1998.

169. W. E. Moerner, M. A. Diaz-Garcia, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, D. Wright, M. Bratcher, M. DeClue, J.S. Siegel, R.J. Twieg, “Fast and Efficient Photorefractivity in Polymer Composites,” American Chemical Society Annual Meeting Symposium on Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications, Boston, Massachusetts, August 23-27, 1998.

170. W. E. Moerner, R. M. Dickson, S. Kummer, E. J. Peterman, “Optical Probes of Single Molecules and Proteins in Aqueous Environments,” 4th International Workshop on Single Molecule Detection and Ultrasensitive Analysis in the Life Sciences, Berlin Adlershof, September 30-October 2, 1998.

171. W. E. Moerner, R. M. Dickson, S. Kummer, E. J. Peterman, J. Deich and J. Frazier, “ Optical Detection of Single Molecules and Individual Proteins in Poly(Acrylamide) Gels,” Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, October 4-9, 1998.

172. W. E. Moerner, M. A. Diaz-Garcia, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, and D. Wright, “Mechanisms for High Gain in Photorefractive Polymers,” Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, October 4-9, 1998.

173. W. E. Moerner, “Optical Spectroscopy of Individual Molecules in Solids and Biological Environments,” Physics Research Conference Colloquium, California Institute of Technology, October 15, 1998.

174. W. E. Moerner, “Those Blinking Single Molecules!”, Science and Technology Colloquium, IBM Almaden Research Center, October 23, 1998.

175. W. E. Moerner, “Optical Spectroscopy of Individual Molecules in Solids and Biological Environments,” Chemical Physics Seminar, California Institute of Technology, November 3, 1998.

176. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy,” Frontiers in Spectroscopy Lectures, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, January 20-22, 1999.

177. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Probes in Physical Chemistry and Biophysics,” Optics and Quantum Electronics Seminar, Stanford University, Stanford, California, February 8, 1999.

178. W. E. Moerner, E. J. Peterman, H. Sosa, S. Brasselet, R. M. Dickson, S. Kummer, R. Sakowicz, and L. S. B. Goldstein, “Single-Molecule Studies of Fluorescent Proteins and Enzymes,” Biophysical Society Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, February 13-17, 1999.

179. W. E. Moerner, S. Brasselet, and E. J. Peterman, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Detection and Low and Room Temperature,” Seventh Japan Science and Technology Corporation International Symposium on Molecular Processes and Biosystems, Tokyo, Japan, February 24-25, 1999.

180. W. E. Moerner, D. Wright, M. Diaz-Garcia, A. Goonesekera, J. Casperson, B. Smith, M.

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S. DeClue, E. Glazer, J. S. Siegel, and R. J. Twieg, “New Insights into Trapping and Compensation in Photorefractive Polymers,” Material Research Society Spring Meeting Symposium F, San Francisco, California, April 5-9, 1999.

181. W. E. Moerner, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, D. Wright, J. Casperson, E. Glazer, M. DeClue, J. S. Siegel, and R. J. Twieg, “Understanding Trapping in Photorefractive Polymer Composites for Optical Processing Applications,” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics CLEO ‘99, Baltimore, Maryland, May 23-28, 1999.

182. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Science in Physical Chemistry and Biophysics,” Nobel Conference on Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Lindigo, Sweden, June 5-9, 1999.

183. W. E. Moerner, A. Grunnet-Jepsen, D. Wright, M. S. DeClue, J. S. Siegel, and R. J. Twieg, “Understanding Photorefractivity in High-Performance Polymer Composites,” Seventh Topical Meeting on Photorefractive Materials, Effects, and Devices, PR’99, Elsinore, Denmark, June 27-30, 1999.

184. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Can Probe Hidden Complexity,” (plenary) International Conference on Photochemistry ICP’99, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, August 2-6, 1999.

185. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules Under an Optical Spotlight,” Critical Review, Interdisciplinary Laser Science Conference ILS-XV, Santa Clara, California, September 26-October 1, 1999.

186. W. E. Moerner, D. Wright, A. Goonesekera, M. A. Diaz-Garcia, and R. J. Twieg, “Trap Dynamics in Photorefractive Polymer Composites,” Materials Research Society Fall Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, November 29 - December 3, 1999.

187. W. E. Moerner, “Shedding Light on Single Biomolecules,” Frontiers in Biosciences Series, Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 13, 2000.

188. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules Under an Optical Spotlight,” Special Seminar, Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan, France, January 28, 2000.

189. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy in Condensed Matter,” 6th French-Israeli Symposium on Nonlinear Quantum Optics, FRISNO6, Ecole de Physique, Les Houches, France, January 30 – February 4, 2000.

190. W. E. Moerner, "Single Molecules Under an Optical Spotlight," Third Flory Conference on Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, February 11-12, 2000.

191. W. E. Moerner and B. Lounis, "Single Photons on Demand from Individual Molecules," Quantum Entanglement Symposium, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, March 20-22, 2000.

192. W. E. Moerner, S. Brasselet, B. Lounis, E. J. G. Peterman, H. Sosa, L. S. B. Goldstein, "Optical Studies of Single Biomolecules in Aqueous Environments," American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, August 20-24, 2000.

193. W. E. Moerner, "Single-Molecule Studies of Fluorescent Proteins and Molecular Motors," Third European Biophysics Congress, Munich, Germany, September 9-13, 2000.

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194. W. E. Moerner, M. Paige, S. Nishimura, E. Judd, and L. Shapiro, "Advanced Microscopy for Protein Localization in Caulobacter," DARPA Biofutures Meeting, Hilton Washington Dulles, November 1-2, 2000.

195. W. E. Moerner, "Mechanisms of Photorefractivity in Polymer Composites," Northwestern University Organic Materials Symposium, Evanston, Illinois, November 17, 2000.

196. W. E. Moerner, D. Wright, A. Goonesekera, M. DeClue, J. S. Siegel, and R. J. Twieg, "Trap Dynamics in Photorefractive Polymers: Mechanisms and Applications," Symposium on Field-Responsive Polymers, American Chemical Society POLY Millenial 2000, Waikoloa, Hawaii, December 9-13, 2000.

197. W. E. Moerner, D. Wright, U. Gubler, A. Goonesekera, M. DeClue, J. S. Siegel, M. He, and R. J. Twieg, "Recent Progress in Photorefractive Polymers: Mechanisms and Applications," International Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Pacifichem 2000, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii, December 14-19, 2000.

198. W. E. Moerner, "Single-Molecule Spectroscopy, from Quantum Optics to Molecular Motors," Aspen Winter Workshop on Single Molecule Biophysics, Aspen, Colorado, January 14-20, 2001.

199. W. E. Moerner, "Visualizing Single Molecules with Lasers," Public Lecture, Aspen Center for Physics Winter Conference 2001, Aspen, Colorado, January 17, 2001.

200. W. E. Moerner, "Single-Molecule Spectroscopy: From Biophysics to Quantum Optics," Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of California, Berkeley, California, January 23, 2001.

201. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy to Explore Fluorescent Proteins and Molecular Motors,” Chemistry Department Seminar, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts, February 22, 2001.

202. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy, from Molecular Motors to Quantum Optics,” Physics Department Colloquium, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, March 1, 2001.

203. W. E. Moerner, William Draper Harkins Lecture, “Pushing Back Ensemble Averaging with Single-Molecule Spectroscopy,” Chemistry Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, March 5, 2001.

204. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Imaging: History, Fundamentals, and Recent Examples,” Tutorial Lecture, T6: Single Molecule Imaging in Condensed Matter and Biology, American Physical Society March Meeting, Seattle, Washington, March 11, 2001.

205. W. E. Moerner, Earle K. Plyler Prize Lecture, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy: From 2K, to Molecular Motors, to Quantum Optics,” American Physical Society March Meeting, Seattle, Washington, March 12-16, 2001.

206. W. E. Moerner, B. Lounis, H. Sosa, E. J. G. Peterman, L. S. B. Goldstein, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy: From Quantum Optics to Molecular Motors,” American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, April 1-5, 2001.

207. W. E. Moerner, "Photorefractive Polymers: What They Are and What You Can Do With Them," Quantum Electronics Seminar, Department of Applied Physics, Stanford

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University, Stanford, California, April 16, 2001.

208. D. Wright, U. Gubler, W. E. Moerner, M. He, R. J. Twieg, M. DeClue, and J. S. Siegel, "Photorefractive Polymer Design Strategies," Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers Annual Meeting, San Diego, California, July 29 - August 3, 2001.

209. W. E. Moerner, M. Vrljic, S. Nishimura, H. M. McConnell, H. Sosa, E. Peterman, and Larry Goldstein, "Single-Biomolecule Optical Detection and Spectroscopy, from Molecular Motors to MHCII in Live Cells," Fourth International Conference on Biological Physics, ICBP 2001, Kyoto, Japan, July 30 - August 3, 2001.

210. W. E. Moerner, "Single-Molecule Spectroscopy, from Quantum Optics to Molecular Motors," Moses Gomberg Lecture, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, September 6, 2001.

211. W. E. Moerner, M. Vrjlic, S. Nishimura, H. McConnell, "Optical Spectroscopy of Single Biomolecules," Optical Society of America Annual Meeting / Interdisciplinary Laser Science XVII, Long Beach, California, October 14-18, 2001.

212. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy: From Low-Temperature Physical Chemistry to Biophysics,” Nobel Jubilee Centennial Symposium: “Frontiers in Molecular Science,” Friiberghs Herdegaard, Stockholm, Sweden, December 4-7, 2001.

213. W. E. Moerner, D. Wright, U. Gubler, O. Ostroverkhova, M. He, A. Sastre-Santos, and R. J. Twieg, “Recent Advances in the Understanding and Development of Photorefractive Polymers and Glasses,” Sixth International Conference on Organic Nonlinear Optics, ICONO’6, Tucson, Arizona, December 16-20, 2001.

214. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy, from Quantum Optics to Molecular Motors,” Chemistry Colloquium, Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, February 14, 2002.

215. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy: From Molecular Motors to Quantum Optics,” Physical Chemistry Seminar, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, March 21, 2002.

216. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy, from Biophysics to Quantum Optics,” Chemical Physics Seminar, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado and JILA, Boulder, Colorado, March 22, 2002.

217. O. Ostroverkhova, U. Gubler, D. Wright, M. He, R. J. Twieg, and W. E. Moerner, “High-Performance Photorefractive Organic Glasses: Understanding Mechanisms and Limitations,” Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, July 7-11, 2002.

218. W. E. Moerner, “Emerging Frontiers in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy,” Volkswagen Stiftung Third International Symposium on Physics, Chemistry, and Biology with Single Molecules, Tutzing, Germany, September 22-25, 2002.

219. W. E. Moerner, “Emerging Frontiers in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy,” Eighth International Workshop on Single Molecule Detection and Ultrasensitive Analysis in Life Sciences,” Berlin-Adlershof, Germany, September 25-27, 2002.

220. W. E. Moerner, ,“Emerging Frontiers in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy,” Physics Colloquium, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, October 10, 2002.

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221. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysics,” Biophysics Seminar, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, October 11, 2002.

222. W. E. Moerner, “Optical Measurements of Single Molecules in Cells,” NIH-NIDA Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Analysis of Endogeneous Biomaterials and Single-Molecule Studies, Rockville, MD, December 4-5, 2002.

223. W. E. Moerner, “New Fluorophores and Analyses for Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Enzymology,” Second Aspen Conference on Single-Molecule Biophysics, Aspen, CO, January 5-11, 2003.

224. W. E. Moerner, “High Performance Photorefractive Polymers and Glasses: Mechanisms and Applications,” IBM Almaden Science and Technology Colloquium, San Jose, CA, February 7, 2003.

225. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules as Nanophotonic Probes and Sources,” March Meeting of the American Physical Society, Austin, TX, March 3-7, 2003.

226. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules as Local Nanoscopic Probes,” Nanoscience and Technology Conference, Groningen, The Netherlands, May 18-21, 2003.

227. K. A. Willets, O. Ostroverkhova, and W. E. Moerner, “Optically Sensing the State of a Single Molecule,” Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Baltimore, MD, June 1-6, 2003.

228. W. E. Moerner, “Lighting the Way with Single Molecules,” DC to Daylight: A Symposium Honoring Prof. A. J. Sievers, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, June 14, 2003.

229. W. E. Moerner: “Single Molecules as Local Nanophotonic Probes and Sources”, a series of lectures presented in the Conference Universitaire de Suisse Occidentale du 3ème Cycle en Chimie:

(a) “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy as a Local Nanoscopic Probe,” University of Basel, June 18, 2003

(b) “Optical Spectroscopy of Single Molecules in Condensed Phases,” University of Bern, June 19, 2003

(c) “Biophysical Studies Using Single-Molecule Local Probes,” EPFL Lausanne, June 20, 2003

(d) “Fundamentals of Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Nanophotonics,” University of Geneva, June 23, 2003

(e) “Applications of Single Molecules as Nanophotonic Probes and Sources,” University of Geneva, June 24, 2003

229. W. E. Moerner, “Observing Single Molecules in Cells, and a New Class of Single-Molecule Fluorophores,” Gordon Research Conference on Electronic Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Bates College, Lewiston, ME, July 6-11, 2003.

230. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules as Local Nanoscopic Probes,” Eighth International Meeting on Hole Burning, Single Molecule, and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications, Bozeman, MT, July 27-31, 2003.

231. W. E. Moerner, “Emerging Frontiers in Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging,”

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American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, New York, NY, September 7-11, 2003.

232. S. Y. Nishimura and W. E. Moerner, “A Single Molecule as a Nanoscale Probe,” Nanoscale Science and Technology Workshop 2003, University of Washington Center for Nanotechnology, Seattle, WA, September 22-23, 2003.

233. W. E. Moerner, “Optical Probing of Single Molecules: Examples from Physics, Chemistry, and Biophysics,” Physics Department, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, November 25, 2003.

234. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules March to Different Drummers: Jellyfish, Cholesterol, and Quantum Communication,” Toyota Lecture, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, November 26, 2003.

235. W. E. Moerner, “Optical Probing of Single Molecules: Examples from Physics, Chemistry, and Biophysics,” Swinburne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, November 27, 2003.

236. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules as Nanophotonic Probes and Sources,” Geoffrey Frew Fellowship Lecture, Australian Conference on Optics, Lasers, and Spectroscopy ACOLS03, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, December 1, 2003.

237. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules and Defect Centers in Solids as Nanophotonic Probes and Sources,” Stanford-ENS Quantum Entanglement Symposium, Stanford University, Stanford, California, December 15-18, 2003.

238. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules as Nanophotonic Probes and Sources,” Chemistry Department Colloquium, University of California, Davis, California, February 4, 2004.

239. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules as Local Nanoscopic Probes,” Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Seminar, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, March 12, 2004.

240. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging of Biomolecular Dynamics,” Minerva-Gentner Symposium on Optical Spectroscopy of Biomolecular Dynamics, Kloster Banz, Germany, March 21-25, 2004.

241. W. E. Moerner, K. A. Willets, P. Callis, and R. J. Twieg, “Single-Molecule Fluorophores from Nonlinear Optical Chromophores,” Materials Research Society Spring Meeting, San Francisco, California, April 12-16, 2004.

242. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules as Nanophotonic Probes and Sources,” Gordon Research Conference on Electronic Processes in Organic Materials, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, July 25-30, 2004.

243. W. E. Moerner, “Optical Explorations of Single Molecules, in vitro and in vivo,” 5th International Conference on Biological Physics ICBP2004, Gothenburg, Sweden, August 23-27, 2004.

244. W. E. Moerner, “Visualizing Single-Molecule Dynamics in Cells,” Symposium on Biophysical Chemistry and Novel Imaging of Single Molecules and Single Cells, American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 22-26, 2004.

245. W. E. Moerner, D. P. Fromm, A. Sundaramurthy, P. J. Schuck, K. Willets, and G. Kino,

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“Nanophotonics with Single Molecules and Small Metallic Nanostructures,” FACSS 31st Annual Meeting, Nanomaterials for Photonics Symposium, Portland, Oregon, October 3-7, 2004.

246. W. E. Moerner, “Single Photon Sources Based on Single Molecules and Nanocrystals,” Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Frontiers in Optics 2004 / Laser Science XX, Rochester, New York, October 10-14, 2004.

247. W. E. Moerner, D. P. Fromm, A. Sundaramurthy, P. J. Schuck, K. Willets, and G. Kino, “Nanophotonics with Single Molecules and Small Metallic Nanostructures,” First MIT-ENS Cachan Workshop on Molecular Photonics and Biophotonics at the Micro and Nano-scale,” Boston, Massachusetts, October 12-13, 2004.

248. W. E. Moerner, “Single-molecule emitters as nanoscale probes and sources,” NIST Quantum Information Program Distinguished Lectureship, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, November 4, 2004.

249. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules as Nanoscale Reporters, in vitro and in vivo,” Plenary Lecture, Western Spectroscopy Association Annual Meeting, Asilomar, California, January 26-28, 2005.

250. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysics and Nanophotonics,” Nanotechnology Symposium, American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, February 17-21, 2005.

251. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysics, Nanophotonics, and Trapping,” Chemistry Colloquium, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, April 6, 2005.

252. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysics, Nanophotonics, and Trapping,” DOE Workshop on Single-Molecule Research in the New Millenium,” Rockville, Maryland, April 10-12, 2005.

253. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysics, Nanophotonics, and Trapping,” Molecular Science Institute Seminar, Berkeley, California, April 28, 2005.

254. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysics, Nanophotonics, and Trapping,” Applied Physics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, May 16, 2005.

255. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysics, Nanophotonics, and Trapping,” Institute for Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, June 17, 2005.

256. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Imaging: Challenges in Living Cells,” Bio-Image Summer School, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France, July 19, 2005.

257. W. E. Moerner, “Novel Approaches to Single-Molecule Detection and Trapping,” Bio-Image Summer School, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France, July 12, 2005

258. W. E. Moerner, Stefanie Nishimura, Jaesuk Hwang, SoYeon Kim, Sam Lord, and Kallie Willets, “Recent Progress in Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Imaging,” Telluride Workshop on Single-Molecule Measurements: Theory and Experiment, Telluride, Colorado, August 9-12, 2005.

259. W. E. Moerner, Adam Cohen, David Fromm, So Yeon Kim, Stefanie Nishimura, P. James Schuck, and Harden McConnell, “Single-Molecule Biophysics, Nanophotonics, and

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Trapping,” American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, August 28 – September 1, 2005.

260. W. E. Moerner, “Nanophotonics and Single Molecules,” Optical Society Annual Meeting, Frontiers in Optics 2005 - Laser Science XXI, Tucson, Arizona, October 16-20, 2005.

261. W. E. Moerner, Single-Molecule Biophysics, Nanophotonics, and Trapping,” Physics Department Colloquium, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, November 16, 2005.

262. W. E. Moerner, Adam Cohen, David Fromm, Hanshin Hwang, Soyeon Kim, Stefanie Nishimura, Samuel Lord, P. James Schuck, Arvind Sundaramurthy, Katherine A. Willets, Harden McConnell, Gordon Kino, and Robert J. Twieg, “Measuring, Trapping, and Controlling Single Molecules and Nanoparticles,” Pacifichem International Conference 2005, Honolulu, Hawaii, December 15-20, 2005.

263. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy at High Resolution and Low Temperature: The Early Years,” A. R. Gordon Lecture, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, January 4, 2006.

264. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysics: From Proteins to Cells,” A. R. Gordon Lecture, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, January 5, 2006.

265. W. E. Moerner, “Novel Approaches to Single-Molecule Studies: Local Reporters, Nanoantennas, and Trapping,” A. R. Gordon Lecture, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, January 6, 2006.

266. W. E. Moerner, “Pumping, Probing, Grabbing, and Manipulating Single Molecules,” University of California, Berkeley, Workshop on Advanced Imaging Methods, Berkeley, California, January 19-20, 2006.

267. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysics, Nanophotonics, and Trapping,” Chemistry Department Colloquium, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, February 17, 2006.

268. W. E. Moerner, “Probing, Imaging, and Trapping Single Biomolecules,” Imaging Focus Group Seminar Series, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, February 27, 2006.

269. W. E. Moerner, “Single Molecules as Nanoscale Reporters in Biophysics, Chemistry, and Materials Science,” IUPAC XXI International Symposium on Photochemistry, Kyoto Japan, April 2-7, 2006.

270. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Emitters as Reporters of Dynamics and Function in Living Cells,” NIH Frontiers in Live Cell Imaging Conference, Bethesda, Maryland, April 19-21, 2006.

271. W. E. Moerner, “Optical Observations of Single Biomolecules,” Gordon Research Conference on Single-Molecule Approaches to Biology, Colby-Sawyer College, New London, New Hampshire, June 18-23, 2006.

272. W. E. Moerner, Hanshin Hwang, So Yeon Kim, Anika Kinkhabwala, and Stefanie Nishimura, “Single-molecule fluorescence tracking probes membrane dynamics,” American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, Surface Chemistry Symposium in honor of Gabor Somorjai, San Francisco, California, September 10-14, 2006.

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273. W. E. Moerner, Adam Cohen, Nicholas R. Conley, So Yeon Kim, Anika Kinkhabwala, Marcelle Koenig, Andrea H. Kurtz, Samuel J. Lord, Zhikuan Lu, Hui Wang, and Robert J. Twieg, “Single-molecule fluorescence imaging reports on biomolecular dynamics,” American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, Symposium on Frontiers in Single-Molecule Biophysical Chemistry and Imaging, San Francisco, California, September 10-14, 2006.

274. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysics, Nanophotonics, and Trapping,” Herbert H. King Lecture, Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, October 26, 2006.

275. W. E. Moerner, “Visualizing Single Molecules with Lasers,” Yunker Lecture, Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, November 6, 2006.

276. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging Reports on Biomolecular Dynamics,” Workshop on Single-Molecule Fluorescence, PicoQuant GMBH and the Center for Biophotonics, UC Davis, Sacramento, California, January 18-19, 2007

277. W. E. Moerner, “Fluorescence and Single-Molecule Studies of Chaperonin Nanomachines: Overview,” Nanomedicine Center for Protein Folding Machinery Nanomedicine Lecture, Webex, February 22, 2007.

278. W. E. Moerner, “Observing Dynamics of Individual Biomolecules with Single-Molecule Microscopy,” Symposium on Nanomachines and Nanotechnologies, Biophysical Society Annual Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, March 3-7, 2007.

279. W. E. Moerner, “Refining Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging for Chaperonin Studies,” 21st Annual Symposium of the Protein Society, Boston, Massachusetts, July 21-25, 2007.

280. W. E. Moerner, “Recent Progress in Single-Biomolecule Fluorescence Imaging,” Symposium on Single-Molecule Spectroscopy, Imaging, and Manipulation of Biomolecular Systems,” American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, August 19-23, 2007.

281. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysical Imaging, Superresolution, and Trapping,” invited tutorial, Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, Frontiers in Optics/Laser Science, San Jose, California, September 16-20, 2007.

282. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Superresolution Imaging and Trapping,” BIOS 2008 Hot Topics Plenary Event, San Jose, California, January 19, 2008

283. W. E. Moerner, “Recent Progress in Single-Biomolecule Fluorescence Imaging,” Keynote Lecture, BIOS 2008 Conference 6862 on Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Imaging, San Jose, California, January 19-24, 2008

294. W. E. Moerner, “Recent Progress in Single-Biomolecule Fluorescence Imaging, In and Out of Cells,” PULSE Seminar, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, April 10, 2008.

295. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging: Early Steps to Recent Advances,” Wolf Prize Lecture, Tel-Aviv Symposium in Chemical Physics on Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Chemistry, Physics, and Biology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel, May 27, 2008.

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296. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging: Early Steps to Recent Advances,” Wolf Prize Lecture and Pathway Seminar, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel, May 28, 2008.

297. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging: Early Steps to Recent Advances,” Wolf Prize Mini-Symposium, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, May 29, 2008.

298. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Imaging: Early Steps to Recent Advances,” Nobel Symposium on Single-Molecule Spectroscopy in Chemistry, Physics, and Biology, Sanga-Saby, Sweden, June 1-6, 2008.

299. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysical Imaging, Superresolution, and Trapping,” Hitachi Global Storage Technology Resarch Colloquium, San Jose, California, July 2, 2008.

300. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging: From Early Steps to Recent Advances,” DuPont-Marshall Lecture, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 7, 2008.

301. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging: Early Steps to Recent Advances,” Science Colloquium, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California, January 16, 2009.

302. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging: From Early Steps to Recent Advances,” Arthur S. Noyes Lecture, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, February 5, 2009.

303. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging: From Early Steps to Recent Advances,” Neil Gordon Frontiers in Chemistry Lecture, Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, March 9, 2009

304. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging: Nanoscale Emitters with Photoinduced Switching Enable Superresolution,” Langmuir Prize Lecture, American Physical Society March Meeting, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 17, 2009.

305. W. E. Moerner, “Imaging Beyond the Diffraction Limit in Cells Using Single-Molecule Active Control,” American Chemical Society Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, March 22, 2009.

306. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging: Early Steps to Recent Advances,” Kavli Nanoscience Colloquium, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, April 14, 2009.

307. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging: Early Steps to Recent Advances,” Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, April 21, 2009.

308. W. E. Moerner, “Imaging and Trapping Single Biomolecules, In and Out of Cells,” TSRI Distinguished Lecture, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, May 10, 2009.

309. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysical Imaging, Superresolution, and Trapping,” Leica Scientific Forum Lecture, Heidelberg, Germany, May 25, 2009.

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310. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysical Imaging, Superresolution, and Trapping,” Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer Lecture, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany, May 27, 2009.

311. W. E. Moerner, “Nanoscale Single-Molecule Emitters with Photoinduced Switching Enable Superresolution in Three Dimensions (and other topics),” 10th International Conference on Hole-Burning, Single-Molecule, and Related Spectroscopies (HBSM 2009), Palm Cove, Queensland, Australia, June 22-27, 2009.

312. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging: From Early Steps to Superresolution Imaging in Living Cells,” Single-Molecule Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Manipulation of Biological Systems, Fragrant Hill Science Conference, Beijing, China, July 8-10, 2009.

313. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysical Imaging, Superresolution, and Trapping,” Kavli Institute of Theoretical Physics Lecture, Beijing, China, July 13, 2009.

314. W. E. Moerner, “Molecules and Methods for Superresolution Imaging by Single-Molecule Photoswitching (and other topics),” 15th International Workshop on Single-Molecule Spectroscopy and Ultrasensitive Analysis in Life Sciences, SMD15, Berlin-Adlershof, Germany, September 15-18, 2009.

315. W. E. Moerner, “Lighting Up Single Molecules to Probe Complex Environments, From Crystals to Cells,” Evans Award Public Lecture, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, October 8, 2009.

316. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Superresolution Imaging and Trapping,” The Evans Award Lecture, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, October 9, 2009.

317. W. E. Moerner, Michael Thompson, Matthew Lew, Majid Badieirostami, Samuel J. Lord, Nicholas R. Conley, Hsiao-lu D. Lee, Sri Rama Prasanna Pavani, and Rafael Piestun, “Three-Dimensional Superresolution Using Single-Molecule Photoswitches and a Double-Helix PSF,” 2009 Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging (COSI) Conference, San Jose, California, October 13-15, 2009.

318. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysical Imaging, Superresolution, and Trapping,” 2009 Frontiers in Optics (FiO)/Laser Science XXV (LS) Conference, San Jose, California, October 11-15, 2009.

319. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Approaches to Biomolecular Dynamics and Imaging of Cellular Superstructures,” Keynote Lecture, Keystone Symposium on Structural Biology/Structural Genomics, Breckenridge, Colorado, January 8-13, 2010.

320. W. E. Moerner, “Lighting Up Single Molecules to Probe Complex Environments, from Crystals to Cells,” BioMedSci 231 Fluorescence Guest Lecture, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, January 21, 2010.

321. W. E. Moerner, “Recent Progress in Single-Molecule Biophysical Imaging, Superresolution, and Trapping,” Pharmacology Department Seminar, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, January 21, 2010.

322. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysical Imaging, Superresolution, and Trapping,” Physics Colloquium, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, February 3, 2010.

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323. W. E. Moerner, “Superresolution Imaging and Trapping Single Biomolecules, In and Out of Cells,” Biophysics and Chemistry/Chemical Biology Seminar, University of California, San Francisco, California, February 25, 2010.

324. W. E. Moerner, “Three Single-Molecule Stories: 3D Superresolution, Trapping, and Nanophotonic Enhancement,” Joe L. Franklin Lecture, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, March 10, 2010.

325. W. E. Moerner, “Two Single-Molecule Stories: 3D Superresolution Imaging and Nanophotonic Enhancements,” Stanford University Photonics Retreat, Napa, California, April 10, 2010.

326. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Biophysical Imaging, Superresolution, and Trapping,” Physical Chemistry Seminar, University of California, Irvine, California, May 4, 2010.

327. W. E. Moerner, “Single-Molecule Approaches for Superresolution Imaging, Trapping, and Nanophotonics,” Tutorial Lecture, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) 2010, San Jose, California, May 16-21, 2010.