Cursor

Cursors Operations

Cursors adalah suatu nama area yang berisi

hasil dari suatu statement SQL.

1. OPEN

2. FETCH

3. CLOSE

Cursors Attribute

1. %FOUND

2. %NOTFOUND

3. %ROWCOUNT

4. %ISOPEN

Function & Procedure

Function

FUNCTION Nama_Function (parameter) RETURN TYPE IS deklarasi variabel

BEGIN statement; statement; RETURN(variable/value);

END;

Procedure

PROCEDURE Nama_Procedure (parameter) IS deklarasi variabel

BEGIN statement; statement;

EXCEPTION

statement;

END;

Parameter Syntax

parameter_name [IN | OUT | IN OUT] datatype [:= expr]

Procedure Parameter Modes

Procedure

IN OUT Argumen

(DECLARE)

BEGIN

END;

EXCEPTION

Calling Environment

IN Argument

OUT Argument

Function Parameter Modes

Function

(DECLARE)

BEGIN

END;

EXCEPTION

Calling Environment

IN Argument

Procedure vs Function

Procedure Function

Execute as a PL/SQL statement

Called as part of an expression

No RETURN datatype Must contain a RETURN datatype

Can return a value Must return a value

Example

DECLARE v_tax number; v_sal emp.salary%TYPE;BEGIN SELECT salary into v_sal

FROM emp WHERE id = 97001;

v_tax := Tax(v_sal);EXCEPTIONWHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN

v_tax := 0;END;

FUNCTION Tax(v_value IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS

BEGIN

RETURN(v_value * .07);

END Tax;

Example

DECLARE v_id emp.id%TYPE := 97001; v_sal emp.salary%TYPE;BEGIN SELECT salary into v_sal FROM emp WHERE id = v_id; Change_Salary(v_id, v_sal*1.1);EXCEPTIONWHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN NULL;

END;

PROCEDURE Change_Salary (v_emp_id IN NUMBER, v_new_salary IN NUMBER) IS

BEGIN

UPDATE s_emp

SET salary = v_new_salary

WHERE id = v_emp_id;

COMMIT;

END Change_Salary;