CVE 4070

ENG-1000 Intro to EngineeringCVE-1000 Intro to Civil EngineeringConstruction OverviewProf. Ralph V. Locurcio, PE

Class Objectives…

Understand project delivery process Understand the phases of engineering Describe the construction profession

Construction contracts & issues Tools of the trade – skills you need Typical jobs in construction Leadership & management

Construction Intro…

The 4 phases of engineering1. Planning & Programming2. Design & Engineering3. Construction (Manufacturing)4. Maintenance

Design Process

Construction Process

Programming Process

Project Delivery Process…

Need for a projectIs recognized

Owner appointsProject Manager

Project Manager develops project

program: scope & cost parameters

Project is entered into an annual

capital program

Designer prepares concept design & preliminary cost

estimate

Designer completes plans &

specifications

Owner orders bid documents

Project Manager advertises for

construction bids

Contractors assemble team,

prepare & submit bid

Bids reviewed by owner

(with designer)

Builder’s credentials &

bonding approved

Owner approves program

Project Manager advertises for

designer

Owner hires designer

Owner authorizes final

design

Owner selectsbuilder

Notice to Proceed

Constructionbegins

Resident Engineeroversees

construction

Project phase(s)completed

All work completed final inspection

made

Progresspayment

Final paymentOwner accepts

facility

About Construction…

It’s an extremely complex process… Many players, many variables, many unknowns Design is never perfect

Unlike manufacturing process… Teams are variable; not trained on this project Production site is crude & unprepared Very large projects – rarely build more than one Very large risks – owner’s first and last experience Large penalties for error or contract failure Money drives all aspects of the process One chance to get it right

CM goal is to deliver a perfect product

Construction History

The oldest profession? The master builders… architects? Growth of Project Management Growth of Quality Management Construction Management Emerges

Hammurabi’s Code – 1780 B.C.228. If a builder build a house for some one and

complete it, he shall give him a fee of two shekels in money for each sar of surface.

229. If a builder build a house for some one, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death.

230. If it kill the son of the owner the son of that builder shall be put to death.

231. If it kill a slave of the owner, then he shall pay slave for slave to the owner of the house.

232. If it ruin goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means.

233. If a builder build a house for some one, even though he has not yet completed it; if then the walls seem toppling, the builder must make the walls solid from his own means.

Contracting – 487B.C.Contract for Rent & Repair of a House, One Year Term, Thirty-fifth year of Darius, 487 B.C. This contract is most interesting. Such business methods are not, therefore, altogether modern.

•In addition to the rent of the house of Shamash-iddin, son of Rimut, fifteen shekels of money in cash (shall go) to Iskhuya, son of Shaqa-Bel, son of the priest of Agish, for this year.

•Because of the payment he shall repair the weakness (of the house), he shall close up the crack of the wall. He shall pay a part of the money at the beginning, a part of the money at the completion. He shall pay it on the day of Bel, the day of wailing and weeping.

•In case the house is unfinished by Iskhuya after the first day of Tebet, Shamash-iddin shall receive four shekels of money in cash into his possession at the hands of Iskhuya. •The names of three witnesses and a scribe then follow… •Dated at Shibtu, the twenty-first of Kislimu, the thirty-fifth year of Darius.

Public Construction & Economy!

Construction vs. Engineering

Construction Engineering1.Mostly outdoor 1. Mostly Indoor2.Teamwork 2. Individual work3.Business skills 3. Technical skills4.Multi-skills 4. Specialized skills5.Variable locations 5. Fixed location6.Leadership 6. Self-discipline7.Total project 7. One component8.Large budget 8. Small budget9.Great risk 9. Small risk10.End product 10. Partial product

Construction skills…

Skills you need in construction Fundamentals: science, math, business Contracting: risk, legal issues, changes Project Controls: schedule, cost, estimates Construction Operations: responsibility,

authority, planning, documents, productivity, quality, documentation, safety, closeout

Leadership: teams, organization, motivation, success, ethics

Planning… Pyramid Construction

Time2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

General Design

Planning Preparation Construct Core

Trim Exterior

Demobilize

Interior Design Room Const Interior Finishes

Bury Pharoah

Structure

Site Selection

Master Plan

Open Quarry Cut Blocks Cut Trim

Workforce

Train Train Train

Build Camp

DemobCamp

FinalInsp

Construction Schedule…

Constructing concrete columns

Concrete wall section

Concrete foundation/pier

What’s involved…

Engineering: 1.design the columns2.size the rebars3.draw the plans 4.specify the materials5.write the contract6.select the site7.inspect the work8.advise the owner

Construction: 1.read the plans 2.hire the workers3.organize the site4.schedule the work5.form the columns6.install the rebars7.purchase the materials8.satisfy the owner

Concrete pump in action

Construction site management

Traffic & environmental impacts

Construction Process

Study the contract Study the site, labor, materials Plan the work

What teams are needed How will they interact in time Integrate materials & logistics Diagram the flow of work Check the timing from start to finish

Class example

Plan the construction of a dog house

What needs to be considered ???

Engineering phase…

Construction phase

Tape measure Hammer Square Circular saw Table saw (optional) Paintbrush Dust mask GogglesHearing Protection

4'x8' sheet of 5/8" exterior siding 1— 8' 2x4 (to be cut into 2x2's) 1— 10' 2x4, rated for outdoor use Nails—16d for base, 8d for house, and

short roofing nails if using shingles Shingles (optional) Finishing material (paint or nontoxic

wood preservative)

Tools

Materials

Construction Operations

CostTimingQualitySafetyLaborWeatherSitingTransportation

The customer’s needs!

Time Phased Budget Control

Last Month Payment

This Month Request

Payment calculations…pipe

A B

A

B

Plan Length = 315 feet

In Place Length = 325 feet

Delivered Length = 400 feet

Payment Method = Linear Feet of Pipe… plan, delivered, placed?Pipe cost = $150/lf = $47,250 or $60,000 or $48,750???

Hidden Costs

Change order cost estimate…

Study the plans Organize your estimate Determine critical dimensions Determine critical materials & methods Determine take off quantities Calculate the cost of each quantity Add overhead & profit Negotiate with the contractor

Determine dimensions…

Foundation excavation-1…

3’

22’ 22’

19’

(18’10+16”+16 = 18’42”)

3’ 3’

3’3’

3’

(7’2”+6’4”+7’2”+7’16” = 27’24”)

4’(4’ = 7’-18”-18”

29’-6’=23’

Foundation-2…

Conc. 1.25’

3’

Excav

3’

3’

Foundation excavation-3…

Add the pieces…3’x22’3’x22’3’x23’3’x19’3’x4’3’x3’3’x3’

Total = 3’ x 96’=288 SF x 3’ depth = 864 CF = 32 CY

Concrete volume…

Add the pieces…3’x22’3’x22’3’x23’3’x19’3’x4’3’x3’3’x3’

Total = 3’ x 96’=288 SF x 1.25’ depth = 360 CF

Masonry walls…

W1

W2

W3/W6

W4

W5

W7

W8

W9

12”CMU

8” CMU

Insul

Brick

Floor slab…

FS-1

FS-2

FS-1=21’X19’=399 SF

FS-2=7’X19’=133SF

Cost Estimate of Change…Take-off item Label Units #Units Total #Units Cost/Unit Prod Hrs Tot Cost

Wall 12" CMU x 8' (8'above + 2'below) W1 LF 18 SFWall 12" CMU x 8' W2 LF 7.25 SFWall 12" CMU x 8' W3 LF 7.75 SF 330 $10.46 $3,451.80Wall 8" CMU x 4' (3'above + 2'below) W4 LF 10 SFWall 8" CMU x 4' W5 LF 7.25 SFWall 8" CMU x 4' W6 LF 7.75 SF 125 $8.48 $1,060.00Wall 8" CMU x 8' W7 LF 19 SFWall 8" CMU x 8' W8 LF 21.3 SFWall 8" CMU x 8' (8'above + 2'below) W9 LF 9.25 SF 495.5 $8.48 $4,201.84Brick veneer x 4' V1 LF 10 SFBrick veneer x 4' V2 LF 7.25 SFBrick veneer x 4' V3 LF 7.75 SF 100 $4.24 $424.00Rigid insulation 2.5" x R10.9 I1 LF 67 SF 536 $1.28 $686.08Column C-3 x 2 ea @12' x 8"x8" C1 EA 2 EA 2 $461.50 $923.00Steel doors-double 2 EA 2 EA 2 $551.00 $1,102.00Steel doors-single 1 EA 1 EA 1 $275.50 $275.50Floor slab 4" FS1 SF 399 CFFloor slab 4" FS2 SF 133 CF 159.6 $4.11 $655.96Masonry bond beam=V1+V2+V3 BB LF 26 LF 26 $3.26 $84.76Foundation=sum (F1:F7) FO CF 120 CF 120.0 $4.11 $493.20Excavation for foundation=sumE1:E7 EX CF 864 CY 32.0 $35.55 1.5 2.13 $75.84(assume loader does 10 buckets/hr)For finishing, ceiling, HVAC, MEP FIN CF 4256 CF 4256.0 $3.50 $14,896.00

Total Raw Cost Job $28,329.98Add 10% Overhead Job $31,162.97Add 10% Profit Job $34,279.27Grand Total Job $34,279.27

Cross check cost/CF for Sci Blds. CF 4256 $7.75 (low 1/4) $32,984.00

Project Organization…Owner

Quality Control

Superintendent Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Contractor

Project Manager, Construction Manager

and/orContracting Officer

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Subcontractor

Design Manager

ProjectArchitect

StructuralEngineer

CivilEngineer

MechEngineer

ElectricalEngineer

A

B

C

Quality Assure

OfficeEngineer

TechnicalInspectors

A/E Const Staff

Resident Engineer

UsingAgency

Project Organization-designOwner

ProjectArchitect

StructuralEngineer

CivilEngineer

MechanicalEngineer

Design Manager

Corporate Management

Project Manager

ConstructionContract

UsingAgency

ElectricalEngineer

Design Staff Design Staff Design Staff Design Staff Design Staff

Consultant A Consultant B Consultant C

Project Organization-const opns

Owner

Quality Control

Superintendent Project Engineer

Project Engineer

Corporate Management

Corporate staff

Field site

Interpret Drawings & SpecsShop Drawings

RFI controlMaterialsSamples

Construction operationsCoordination of trades

SchedulesPayments

Safety-OSHAChanges

RFI responsesClarification of drawings

Monitor compliance

Monitor QC processPrepare QC reportsMake inspections

Take corrective actionDocument QC checks

Project Manager

ConstructionContract

Subcontractor A Subcontractor B Subcontractor C Subcontractor D Subcontractor E

Sub-contracts

Contractor orConstruction

Manager

Jobs in construction

Contractor – owns a company Contract specialist – interprets contract Estimator – prepares bid Project Manager – runs complete job Project Engineer – approves/orders matl. Site Engineer – plans site layout Superintendent – manages crews Quality control – inspects work

Construction vs. Engineering

Construction Engineering1.Mostly outdoor 1. Mostly Indoor2.Teamwork 2. Individual work3.Business skills 3. Technical skills4.Multi-skills 4. Specialized skills5.Variable locations 5. Fixed location6.Leadership 6. Self-discipline7.Total project 7. One component8.Large budget 8. Small budget9.Great risk 9. Small risk10.End product 10. Partial product

The goal... happy customers!