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cvV- 8.1: evwl©K cvV-cwiKíbv

cvV- 8.2: cvVUxKv cÖYqb

cvV- 8.3: cvVUxKvi wewfbœ cÖPwjZ KvVv‡gv I bgybv

cvV- 8.4: wk¶v DcKiY: aviYv, D‡Ïk¨, e¨envi, msMÖn I msi¶Y

cvV 8

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BDwbU- 8 144

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BDwbU- 8 146

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BDwbU- 8 148

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BDwbU- 8 150

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� cvV mnvqK wba©vwiZ KvR (Assiganments/Projects)| GKwU we‡kl †kªwYi Rb¨ GKwU wbw ©ó cvV‡K cvVUxKvi gva¨‡g RxebgyLx I ev ÍegyLx K‡i †Zvjvi mve©v½xb cÖ‡Póv wk¶‡Ki Rb¨ GKvšÍfv‡e Kvg¨| eZ©gv‡b cÖPwjZ wÎ-†mvcv‡bi †mvcvb¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvK| 1. cÖ ‘wZ: cÖ ‘wZ yiKg| (K) †kªwY‡Z hvIqvi c~‡e©i cÖ ‘wZ Ges (L) †kªwY‡Z hvIqvi ci cvV Avi¤¢ Kivi cÖ ‘wZ|

eZ©gv‡bi w·mvcvb

cvVUxKv cÖYqb Kv‡j wk¶K‡K g‡b ivL‡Z

n‡e

evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv 151

K. †kªwY‡Z hvIqvi c~‡e©i cÖ ‘wZ‡K cvVUxKvi c~e©kZ© wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| kZ©¸‡jv n‡”Q: � wbw ©ó cvV I cv‡Vi †h we‡kl AskwU cov‡eb Zv wbe©vPb Ki‡eb|

� cv‡Vi wbw ©ó welqe ‘ m¤‡Ü my¯úó aviYv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ AskwU K‡qKevi cov‡eb|

� wba©vwiZ welqwU †kLv‡bvi D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡eb Ges AwR©Ze¨ †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© ¯úó aviYv jvf Ki‡eb|

� cv‡Vi we‡kl we‡kl As‡ki e¨vL¨v we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ ‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡eb| cÖ‡qvR‡b †idv‡iÝ eB, Awfavb, wek¦‡Kvl BZ¨vw` ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

� cÖvmw½K mnvqK DcKiY wbe©vPb Ki‡eb|

� wk¶v_x©i eqm I gvbwmK mvg_©¨ we‡ePbv K‡i me©v‡c¶v Dc‡hvMx c×wZ AbymiY Ki‡eb|

� cvV cwi‡ekbv, Abykxjb I g~j¨vq‡bi †KŠkj¸‡jv m¤‡Ü m‡PZb _vK‡eb| (L) †kªwY‡Z cÖ‡ek Kivi ci cvV Avi¤¢ Kivi cÖ ‘wZ wn‡m‡e Avcbv‡K Ki‡Z n‡e t � wkï‡`i mv‡_ ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiæb| Zv‡`i Kzkjvw` ‡R‡b wbb|

� †kªwYweb¨vm Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b Avcbvi gZ K‡i †kªwY‡K Ges †kªwYi wkï‡`i‡K web¨¯Í K‡i wbb|

� †kªwYi Ges wkï‡`i cwi”QbœZv ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb| mvaviYZ w`‡bi cÖ_g wcwiq‡W G KvR¸‡jv Kiv nq|

� cv‡Vi cÖwZ wkï‡`i AvMÖn m„wó Kiæb| cvVwU bZzb n‡j cÖvmw½K Mí, NUbv ev K_v D‡jøL Kiæb| cvVwU c~e© cv‡Vi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z n‡j cy‡iv‡bv cvV †_‡K cÖkœ K‡iI wkï‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wk¶v_x©‡`i g‡bv‡hvM bZzb cv‡Vi KvQvKvwQ G‡jB cvV †NvlYv Kiæb Ges bZzb cv‡Vi cvVkxl© ev wk‡ivbvg †ev‡W© wj‡L w`b|

2. Dc ’vcb: cv‡Vi cÖm½ awi‡q †`Iqvi ci ciB wk¶K †h KvRwU K‡ib Zv nj Dc ’vcbv| GUvB cv‡Vi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask| gvZ…fvlv evsjvi Dc ’vcb cÖwµqv Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi Dc ’vcb cÖwµqv †_‡K GKUz wfbœZi| gvZ…fvlvi †¶‡Î Avcwb wb‡Pi aviv¸‡jv AbymiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib: K. evsjv M`¨ I c`¨ cv‡Vi mgq mswkøó DcKiY cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡g Dc ’vcb ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Gici DcKiY mwi‡q †i‡L Avcwb (wk¶K) wb‡R ï× I ¯úó D”Pvi‡Y, mwVK ¯ifw½ eRvq †i‡L cvVwU co~b| cÖ‡qvR‡b GKvwaK eviI co‡Z cv‡ib| GUv‡K wk¶‡Ki Av`k© cvV ejv nq| cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªwY‡Z wk¶v_x©‡`i covi †hvM¨Zv AwR©Z bv nIqv ch©šÍ Avcbv‡K co‡Z n‡e| wkïiv wk¶K A_©vr Avcbvi m‡½ cÖ_g w`‡K KÉ wgwj‡q, eB †`‡L

cvV Dc ’vc‡bi cÖ ‘wZ

wk¶‡Ki Av`k© cvV

cvVUxKvi c~e©kZ©

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU- 8 152

†`‡L co‡e c‡i Zviv GKK fv‡e co‡e| Z…Zxq, PZz_©, cÂg †kªwY‡Z wk¶‡Ki Av`k© cv‡Vi ci †kªwYi fvj co~qv‡K w`‡q covi m~Pbv Kiv‡Z cv‡ib| L. cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªwY‡Z Av`k© cv‡Vi ci wkï‡K K‡qKevi wbR wbR eB †`‡L co‡Z w`‡Z n‡e| wkïiv co‡Z _vK‡e| Avcwb j¶ ivL‡eb †K co‡Z cvi‡Q Avi †K cvi‡Q bv| cv‡Vi †k‡l Zv‡`iB mn‡hvwMZvq Zv‡`i D”PviY µwU ïa‡i w`‡Z n‡e| hviv wcwQ‡q Av‡Q Zv‡`i‡K e¨w³MZ mvnvh¨ w`b| hw` †`Lv hvq AwaKvsk wkï co‡Z cvi‡Q bv, Z‡e Avcbv‡K cybivq Av`k© cvV w`‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, cv‡Vi †hvM¨Zv AwR©Z bv nIqv ch©šÍ Ab¨ Kv‡R hvIqv wVK n‡e bv| M. kãv_© Av‡jvPbv− cÖ_g †kªwYi cvV¨cy ͇K wkïi Rvbvkã _v‡K e‡j †mLv‡b kãv_© Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| Ab¨vb¨ †kªwY‡Z KwVb kã evQvB K‡i wk¶v_x©‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq Zvi A_© PK‡ev‡W© wjL w`‡eb| Ges wk¶v_x©‡`i‡K kãv_©¸‡jv Zv‡`i LvZvq wj‡L wb‡Z ej‡eb| Zviv wj‡L‡Q wKbv Zv hvPvB K‡i †`L‡eb| N. Gici cvV¨vsk Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e| Av‡jvPbv n‡e cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g| wk¶K wn‡m‡e Avcwb †Kej e³…Zv w`‡eb bv| cÖ‡qvR‡b msw¶ß e¨vL¨v I D`vniY w`‡Z cv‡ib| G ch©v‡q fvlvi we‡kl e¨envi wn‡m‡e− evK¨ iPbv, wecixZ kã, KwVb k‡ãi evbvb BZ¨vw` †kLv‡Z n‡e| KweZvi †¶‡Î Q›` I Zvj eRvq †i‡L Ave„wË Kivi Abykxjb Kiv‡eb| †hvM¨ZvwfwËK cvV`v‡bi †¶‡Î †hwU me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Zv nj, cvV †_‡K †h †h †hvM¨Zv AwR©Z n‡e e‡j wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mB †mB †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kivi Rb¨ ch©vß Abykxj‡bi my‡hvM †`‡eb| cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g †K †K †hvM¨Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb Zv wPwýZ Ki‡eb Ges wbivgqg~jK e¨e ’v Aej¤‡bi gva¨‡g ye©j wkïwU‡K wkLb dj AR©‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb| O. bxie cvV: cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªwY‡Z bxie cv‡Vi AeKvk †bB| Z…Zxq †kªwYi †k‡li w`K †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i wkï‡`i bxie covi Af¨vm MV‡bi Abykxjb Kiv‡Z n‡e| bxie cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡e gg© MÖnY| bxie cv‡Vi ci cÖkœ K‡i †R‡b wbb †m cv‡Vi gg© MÖnY Ki‡Z ‡c‡i‡Q wK bv| Dc ’vcbKv‡j me wk¶v_x©i mwµq AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡eb| †Kvb wkï †hb Ae‡nwjZ bv nq †mw`‡K „wó ivL‡eb| 3. g~j¨vqb: cÖwZw`‡bi cÖwZ cvV g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| g~j¨vqb n‡e †hvM¨Zv wfwËK| ejv I covi †hvM¨Zv †gŠwLK cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| †jLvi †hvM¨Zv g~j¨vq‡b wkï‡K †jLvi my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e| gvZ…fvlv evsjvi Ávb ïay ˆbe©¨w³K cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb Kiv hvq bv| ZvB g~j¨vq‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖ‡kœi− iPbvg~jK, msw¶ß DËi cÖ‡kœi− AeZviYv Ki‡Z n‡e|

kãv_© Av‡jvPbv

D”PviY µwU ms‡kvab

cvV¨vsk Av‡jvPbv

bxie cvV

evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv 153

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 8.2 A) eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ mwVK DËi wb‡ ©kg~jK A¶iwU‡K e„ËvwqZ Kiæb| Avcbvi wbe©vwPZ DËiwU K n‡j K e„ËvwqZ Kiæb: 1. nve©vU wQ‡jb− K. Rvcvwb wkï gb ÍË¡we` L. Rvg©vb wk¶vwe` I `vk©wbK M. Av‡gwiKvb `vk©wbK I gb ÍË¡we` N. BD‡ivwcqvb b„ZË¡we` I wk¶vwe`| 2. nve©v‡Ui c‡mvcvb‡K eZ©gv‡b KqwU †mvcv‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv n‡q‡Q? K. wZbwU L. PviwU M. QqwU N. mvZwU| 3. bxie cv‡Vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q− K. cv‡Vi cÖwZ AwaK g‡bv‡hvMx Kiv L. wkïi PÂj gb‡K w¯’i Kiv M. wk¶K‡K wei³ bv K‡i cvV¨f¨vm Kiv N. cv‡Vi gg© MÖnY Kiv| Av) msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ 1. cvVUxKvi c~e© kZ©¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiæb|

2. nve©vU I Zvi c‡mvcvb m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

�

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU- 8 154

cvVUxKvi wewfbœ cÖPwjZ KvVv‡gv I bgybv D‡Ïk¨ GB cv‡Vi †k‡l Avcwb− � cvVUxKvi wewfbœ cÖPwjZ KvVv‡gv ev Format ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; � bgybv cvVUxKvi Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq cvVUxKv cÖYqb Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb Ges � cvVUxKvi cÖPwjZ †h †Kvb KvVv‡gv AbymiY K‡i cvVUxKv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cvVUxKvi wewfbœ cÖPwjZ KvVv‡gv G cv‡V Avgiv cvVUxKvi wewfbœ KvVv‡gv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kie| cvV`v‡bi wewfbœ wewfbœ chv©q ev Íi¸‡jvi‡K myweb¨ Ífv‡e cvVUxKvq AšÍf~©³ Kivi Rb GKwU mymsnZ Format ev cvVv‡gvi cÖ‡qvRb| G D‡Ï‡k¨ cvVUxKv cÖYq‡bi †ÿ‡Î K‡qKwU KvVv‡gv Abym„Z n‡q _v‡K| wb‡gœ PviwU bgybv KvVv‡gv Zz‡j aiv nj:

cÖ_g KvVv‡gv we`¨vjq:

wkÿ‡Ki bvg:

†kªwY: eq‡mi Mo:

QvÎ msL¨v:

welq:

mvaviY cvV:

we‡kl cvV:

mgq: ZvwiL:

mvaviY -

D‡Ïk¨: we‡kl -

DcKiY:

†mvcvb welq c×wZ gšÍe¨

cÖ ÍywZ

Dc ’vcb

g~j¨vqY

Awf‡hvM/wbivgqg~jK e¨e ’v

cvV 8.3

evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv 155

wØZxq KvVv‡gv welq (mvaviY) cvV¨ welq †kªwY

D‡Ïk¨ mvaviY: we‡kl:

aviYv DcKiY mvaviY: we‡kl: †mvcvb/¯Íi wkÿ‡Ki KvR wkÿv_x©i KvR 1. cÖ ‘wZ 2. Dc ’vcb 3. g~j¨vqb 4. Awf‡hvRb/wbivgqg~jK e¨e ’v

Z…Zxq KvVv‡gv

welq: cvV¨ welq: †kªwY:

D‡Ïk¨ (K) mvaviY: (L) we‡kl: (M) AvPiwYK

aviYv cÖ ‘ywZ g~j¨vqb Awf‡hvRb/ wbivgqg~jK e¨e ’v

PZz_© KvVv‡gv

welq: (mvaviY): †kªwY: mgq:

we‡kl cvV

D‡Ïk¨ aviYv DcKiY welqe¯‘i mvims‡ÿc

cvV`v‡bi ¯Íi ev †mvcvb

c×wZ g~j¨vqb I Awf‡hvM/ wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v

mvaviY

we‡kl

1. 2. 3.

AvZ¥ we‡kølY

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU- 8 156

Gev‡i Avgiv GKwU mswÿß KvVv‡gv Zz‡j aiwQ

mswÿß cvVUxKvi KvVv‡gv (bgybv) we`¨vjq: †kªwY: wkÿv_x©i msL¨v

welq: cvV: we‡kl cvV:

D‡Ïk¨ aviYv DcKiY wkÿL/ wkÿv_x©i KvR

g~j¨vqb/ wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v

evwoi KvR cÖwkÿYv_x© wkÿ‡Ki wbR¯ mgv‡jvPbv/gšÍe¨ GB BDwb‡U Avcbv‡`i cvVUxKv cÖYqb Kv‡Ri myweavi Rb¨ yÕGKwU c~Yv©½ bgybv mieivn Kiv nj|

cvV cwiKíbv (bgybv KvVv‡gv web¨vm)

we`¨vjq: †kªwY: wkÿK: mgq: ZvwiL:

welq: evsjv g~j cvV: AvR‡Ki cvV: Aby‡”Q`/¯ÍeK ............... Aby‡”Q`/ ÍeK

AvPiYxq D‡Ïk¨: (cwigvc‡hvM¨)

msÁv `vb, D‡jøL Kiv, mbv³ Kiv, eY©bv Kiv, wb‡ ©k Kiv, ejv, cybive„wË, c~bM©Vb Kiv, e¨vL¨v Kiv, hvPvB Kiv, A_© cÖ`vb Kiv, cÖ‡qvM Kiv, †kªwYweb¨vm Kiv, Abygvb Kiv, wPwýZ Kiv, †jLv, m~Î cÖ`vb Kiv, wePvi Kiv, hyw³ cÖ`vb Kiv, cov, Abykxjb Kiv BZ¨vw`|

cÖ ‘wZ c~e©Ávb (c~e©cvV/c~e© AwfÁZv) � gvbm-cÖeYZv � AbyK~j cwi‡ek � cv‡V AskMÖnY � m¤ú„³KiY

Dc ’vcb: � Kwe/†jLK cwiwPwZ � Av`k© cvV/Ae„wË � D”PviY/kãv_© � e¨vL¨vg~jK cÖkœ: welqe¯‘/g~jfve m¤ú„³ cÖkœvewj � e¨vL¨v I we‡kølY

evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv 157

g~j¨vqb: � mswÿß-DËi cÖkœ: †gŠwLK I wjwLZ (mgMÖ welqwfwËK) � mvigg©/g~j e³e¨ � Awf‡hvRb (wbivgq) � wbav©wiZ KvR

mgvwß †NvlYv: � �

cvV cwiKíbv: cÖ_g †kªwY

we`¨vj‡qi bvg: wkÿ‡Ki bvg: †kªwY: cÖ_g wkïi msL¨v: 30 ZvwiL:

welq: evsjv mvaviY cvV: evK¨ cVb we‡kl cvV: Avgvi eB| Avwg eB cwo| mgq: 30×2= 60 wg: ev 2 wcwiqW|

D‡Ïk¨: ï× cVb I eY© cwiPq| †hvM¨Zv: †kvbv: g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïb‡e|

ˆah© mnKv‡i ïb‡e| ejv: cwiwPZ wRwb‡mi (eB) bvg ej‡Z cvi‡e| cov: evK¨ ywU I ev‡K¨i AšÍM©Z kã KwU †Rv‡i ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e|

eY© wPb‡Z I ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e| Kvi wPý (AvKvi I BKvi) wPb‡Z I e‡Y©i m‡½ hy³ K‡i co‡Z cvi‡e|

†jLv: eY©, Kvi, kã I evK¨ ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e| DcKiY: eB, cvV¨cy¯Í‡K cÖ`Ë Qwe (GKwU †Q‡j I GKwU †g‡q eB co‡Q), kã I eY© KvW©| †mvcvb wk¶‡Ki KvR wk¶v_x©‡`i KvR

cÖ ‘ wZ

1| †kªwY‡Z cÖ‡ek I ï‡f”Qv wewbgq: Avmmvjvgy AvjvBKzg| †Zvgiv †Kgb AvQ?

2| †kªwY web¨vm 3| ¯v ’¨ cix¶v (cÖ‡qvR‡b) 4| cv‡Vi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi Rb¨ cÖkœ:

(K) wbR wbR eB nv‡Z bvI (L) eB DuPz K‡i †`LvI

5| cvV †NvlYv: AvR Avgiv ÔAvgvi eBÕ I ÔAvwg eB cwoÕ evK¨ ywU coe|

IqvjvBKzg Ammvjvg| Avgiv fvj AvwQ| Avcwb †Kgb Av‡Qb? eB nv‡Z †b‡e| eB DuPz K‡i †`Lv‡e|

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU- 8 158

D c ’v c b

1| QwewU †ev‡W© Szwj‡q w`‡q cÖkœ Kie: (K) Qwe‡Z †Q‡j‡g‡q ywU wK Ki‡Q? †Q‡jwU ej‡Q, Avgvi eB| Avwg eB cwo|

2| evK¨ ywU PK †ev‡W© wjLe| 3| Av`k© cvV (evK¨ cVb):

(K) Qwe †`wL‡q eje, Avgvi eB| Avwg eB cwo| (L) †jLv wb‡ ©k K‡i coe, Avgvi eB Avwg eB cwo| (M) wk¶v_x©‡`i Avgvi mv‡_ cov‡Z eje|

Avgvi eB| Avwg eB cwo| (N) wk¶v_x©‡`i eB Ly‡j covi wbw ©ó

Ask †ei Ki‡Z eje|

eB co‡Q| wk¶v_x©iv ïb‡e| Qwe †`‡L I †jLv †`‡L mgš^‡q co‡e, wb‡ ©k w`‡q Abyiƒcfv‡e K‡qKevi cove| eB Lyj‡e I cvV †`Lv‡e|

Qwe †`wL‡q eje Avgvi eB, Avwg eB cwo|

Qwe a‡i Avgvi m‡½ m‡½ co‡e|

(O) cov a‡i a‡i co| wkï‡`i Avgvi mv‡_ mv‡_ wbR wbR eB‡Z cov a‡i co‡Z eje (K‡qKevi)|

k‡ãi wb‡P Av½yj w`‡q a‡i a‡i co‡e, k‡ãi wb‡P Av½yj w`‡q a‡i a‡i co‡e, Avgvi eB, Avwg cwo (mgš^‡q)|

(P) Avwg bv c‡o ïay KvwV w`‡q wb‡ ©k Kie|

wb‡ ©k Abyhvqx co‡e|

(Q) Avwg †hwU eje †mwU †Kej mvg‡bi †e‡Âi †Q‡j-†g‡qiv co|

†cQ‡bi †e‡Âi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv co|

mvg‡bi †e‡Âi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv co‡e| †cQ‡bi †e‡Âi †Q‡j‡g‡qiv co‡e|

(R) wkï‡`i‡K eB †`‡L †`‡L co‡Z eje| Avwg Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Le| hviv cvi‡Q bv Zv‡`i e‡j †`e|

eB‡Z cov a‡i a‡i co‡Z _vK‡e|

D c ’v c

4| kã cVb I cwiwPwZ: (K) Avwg PK †ev‡W© GKwU kã wb‡ ©k K‡i

wkï‡`i‡K †mB kãwU wbR wbR eB‡Z †ei Ki‡Z eje| Avwg Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Le| hviv cv‡iwb Zv‡`i awi‡q †`e|

(L) Gfv‡e k㸇jv G‡K G‡K a‡i co‡Z eje|

(M) GKwU kã PK‡ev‡W© wjLe Ges wkï‡`i

wkïiv kãwU ai‡e| wb‡ ©k †gvZv‡eK co‡e| PK‡ev‡W© †jLv kã †`‡L co‡e|

evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv 159

b

co‡Z eje (G‡K G‡K me kã)| (N) kã KvW© †`‡L co‡Z eje (G‡K G‡K

me kã)|

kã KvW© †`‡L co‡e|

5| e¨w³MZ MVb: (K) GKRb‡K eB‡Z cov †`‡L †`‡L co‡Z eje| Ab¨‡`i ïb‡Z eje| Gfv‡e AwaKvsk †Q‡j‡g‡q‡K w`‡q cove|

GKRb co‡e, A‡b¨iv ïb‡e| covi mgq †h kã co‡e †mwU Av½yj w`‡q ai‡e|

D c ’v c b

6| eY© cwiwPwZ: (K) cv‡Vi wb‡P †`Iqv 4wU k‡ãi evbvb G‡K G‡K coe| †hgb, Avgvi Av gv i (Gfv‡e K‡qKevi)| (L) wkï‡`i wbR wbR eB †`‡L co‡Z eje| Avwg Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Le, hviv cvi‡Q bv, Zv‡`i mvnvh¨ Kie| (M) cov _vwg‡q w`‡q eje, evbvb Ki ÔAvgviÕ| evbvb Ki ÔAvwgÕ ÔcwoÕ| K‡qKRb‡K w`‡q evbvb Kive| (N) PK‡ev‡W© ÔAvÕ wj‡L co‡Z eje| Gfv‡e ÔgÕ I ÔiÕ wj‡L co‡Z eje| Ôv-KviÕ I Ôw-KviÕ wj‡L co‡Z eje| (O) wb‡P jvj Kvwj w`‡q †jLv ÔAvÕ ai, ÔgÕ ai, ÔiÕ ai| Avwg Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Le, Kv‡iv fzj n‡j ï× K‡i †`e| ÔcwoÕ kã †_‡K Ôw-KviÕ ai| Avgvi kã †_‡K Ôv-KviÕ ai| Avwg Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Le| hviv cvi‡e bv Zv‡`i ‡`wL‡q †`e| (P) eY© KvW© ‡`wL‡q e‡Y©i bvg ej‡Z eje| (Q) ej g-G AvKvi ÔgvÕ o G n«¯ B Kvi ÔwoÕ|

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D c

7| mvgwMÖK cvV: eB‡Z covwU a‡i Avgvi m‡½ m‡½ co, ÔAvgvi eBÕ ÔAvwg eB cwoÕ| 8| †jLv: (K) Avwg wKfv‡e wjwL Zv †`Lvi wb‡ ©k w`‡q PK‡ev‡W© wjLe ÔAvÕ| (L) LvZv/†úU †cwÝj w`‡q Avgvi Abymi‡Y †jLvi wb‡ ©k w`‡q Avwg PK‡ev‡W© wjLe ÔZÕ| Gi †_‡K ˆZwi Kie ÔAÕ| Zvici †k‡l Av|

mK‡j eB a‡i a‡i GKmv‡_ co‡e| wkïiv †`L‡e| wkïiv wbR wbR LvZv/†úU-G wjL‡e ÔZÕ| Gi †_‡K ˆZwi Ki‡e A| Avgvi †jLv †`‡L

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU- 8 160

’v c b

cÖwZ ͇i Avwg Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Le Ges †KD bv cvi‡j nvZ a‡i wj‡L †`e| mevB‡K co‡Z eje ÔAvÕ| Gfv‡e K‡qKevi †`Lve| (M) Gfv‡e ÔgÕ I ÔiÕ wjL‡Z †kLve| (N) Avwg wKfv‡e wjwL Zv †`Lve, wb‡ ©k w`‡q PK‡ev‡W© wjLe ÔAvgviÕ, wkï‡`i wjL‡Z eje I Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Le, †KD bv cvi‡j Zv‡K †`wL‡q †`e| (O) PK‡ev‡W© wjLe, ÔAvwg eB cwoÕ| Avgvi †jLv †`‡L †`‡L wjL‡Z eje| Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Le, hviv cv‡i bv, Zv‡`i wjL‡Z mvnvh¨ Kie|

†`‡L wjL‡e Av| mevB co‡e ÔAvÕ| g I i wjL‡e| Avgvi †jLv †`‡L wjL‡e ÔAvgviÕ| wkïiv wjL‡e ÔAvwg eB cwoÕ|

g~ j¨v q b

wba©vwiZ †hvM¨Zv me wkï cyivcywi AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q wKbv Zv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ wbgœiƒc e¨e ’v MÖnY Kie: cÖkœ: 1| eB †`‡L †`‡L AvR‡Ki cv‡Vi evK¨ ywU

cov †KD bv cvi‡j Zv‡K wkLevi my‡hvM †`e|

2| eB‡qi gjv‡U †jLv co| 3| ÔAvwg eB cwoÕ evK¨wU PK‡ev‡W© wjLe I

wkï‡`i co‡Z eje| 4| GB c„ôvq †hLv‡b †hLv‡b ÔAvgviÕ kã

†jLv Av‡Q Zv ai I co| 5| GB c„ôvq †hLv‡b †hLv‡b ÔAvwgÕ kã

†jLv Av‡Q Zv ai I co| 6| GLv‡b †jLv ÔcwoÕ kã Luy‡R †ei K‡i ai

I co| 7| ÔAvgviÕ k‡ãi ÔiÕ eY©wU ai I co| 8| ÔAvwgÕ k‡ãi ÔgÕ eY©bwU ai I co| 9| ÔAvgviÕ k‡ãi ÔAvÕ ai I co| 10| ÔcwoÕ k‡ãi n«¯ B-Kvi ai I co Gi

mv‡_ †hvM K‡i co| 11| Avgvi kã †_‡K gv Luy‡R †ei Ki, I g

Gi mv‡_ Av-Kvi †hvM K‡i co| 12| wb‡P jvj Kvwj‡Z †jLv Av g i a‡i co

Ges Av-Kvi n«¯ B-Kvi ai| 13| LvZvq/‡ú‡U †jL: Avgvi, Avwg eB

cwo|

evK¨ ywU co‡e| †KD bv cvi‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ wkL‡e| gjv‡U †jLv co‡e| PK‡ev‡W© †jLv †`‡L co‡e| ÔAvgviÕ kã Luy‡R †ei K‡i co‡e| †KD bv cvi‡j wk‡L †b‡e| ÔAvwgÕ kã Lyu‡R †ei K‡i co‡e| ÔcwoÕ kã Lyu‡R †ei K‡i co‡e| †KD bv cvi‡j wk‡L †b‡e| i eY©wU a‡i co‡e| g eY©wU a‡i co‡e| Av a‡i co‡e| o Gi mv‡_ n«¯B -Kvi †hvM K‡i co‡e| g Gi mv‡_ Av-Kvi †hvM K‡i co‡e| Av, g, i, Av-Kvi n«¯ B-Kvi a‡i co‡e| wb‡ ©k Abyhvqx wjL‡e| †KD bv cvi‡j †`wL‡q †`e|

evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv 161

AvR‡Ki cv‡Vi †k‡l mvjvg wewbgq K‡i †kªwYK¶ Z¨vM Kie| ªóe¨: cvVwU GKw`‡b †kl n‡e bv/ yB w`b a‡i GUv †kLv‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g w`b †kvbv, ejv I

covi †hvM¨Zv AwR©Z n‡e Ges wØZxq w`b covi I †jLvi †hvM¨Zv AwR©Z n‡e|

cvV cwiKíbv: wØZxq †kªwY

we`¨vj‡qi bvg: welq: evsjv wk¶‡Ki bvg: mvaviY cvV: M`¨ †kªwY: wØZxq we‡kl cvV: Pv evMvb (cÖ_g Aby‡”Q`) wkïi msL¨v: 30 ZvwiL: mgq: 30 wgwbU

D‡Ïk¨: ï× cVb, gg©MªnY I fvlv Ávb e„w×| †hvM¨Zv: †kvbv: g‡bv‡hvM I ˆah© mnKv‡i ïb‡e|

ejv: PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e| Qwei cwiPq w`‡Z cvi‡e|

cov: cvV¨vsk †Rv‡i I ï× D”Pvi‡Y co‡Z cvi‡e I uvwo wPý wPb‡Z cvi‡e| cvV¨vsk c‡o eyS‡Z cvi‡e| KwVb k‡ãi A_© ej‡Z cvi‡e I †QvU †QvU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z cvi‡e| wb‡Ri †jLv co‡Z cvi‡e|

†jLv: cv‡Vi Ask we‡kl ¯úó I ï×fv‡e wjL‡Z cvi‡e| `vwo wPý e¨envi K‡i wjL‡Z cvi‡e| ï‡b ï‡b kã wjL‡Z cvi‡e| cwiwPZ kã e¨envi K‡i evK¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡e|

DcKiY: 1| Qwe| 2| ’vbxq mnRjf¨ DcKiY| †mvcvb

welq c×wZ gšÍe¨

cÖ ‘ wZ

ï‡f”Qv wewbgq †kªwY web¨vm bZzb cv‡Vi cÖwZ

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYmn †kªwYK‡¶ cÖ‡ek K‡i QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i mv‡_ ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kie| cÖ‡qvR‡b †kªwYweb¨vm I wkï‡`i cwi®‹vi cwi”QbœZvi w`‡K j¶ Kie Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡ ©k †`e| bZzb cv‡Vi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y I c~e©Ávb cix¶vi Rb¨ wb¤œiƒc cÖkœ Kie: 1| †Zvgiv †K †K Pv †`‡LQ?

wkï‡`i‡K

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU- 8 162

g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y I c~e© Ávb cix¶v cvV †NvlYv

2| Avgiv †h Pv LvB Zv †Kv_v †_‡K cvIqv hvq? 3| evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb †Kvb A‡j Pv MvQ R‡b¥? m¤¢ve¨ DËi †c‡j AvR Avgiv ÔPv evMvbÕ M‡íi cÖ_g Aby‡”Q` coe, e‡j cvV †NvlYv Kie I cvVkxl© wj‡L †`e|

cÖ‡kœi Reve w`‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv n‡e|

D c ’v c

DcKiY cÖ`k©b

QwewU †kªwYi mvg‡b Uvwb‡q w`‡j Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ wb¤œiƒc cÖkœ Kie: 1) GUv wK‡mi Qwe? 2) Qwe‡Z wK MvQ †`Lv hv‡”Q? 3) †g‡qiv wK Ki‡Q? BZ¨vw` cÖ‡kœi DËi cvIqvi ci wkï‡`i eB Ly‡j Pv evMvb †ei Ki‡Z eje| wkï‡`i †kvbvi wb‡ ©k w`‡q Avwg cvV¨vsk GKevi coe| cÖ_g evK¨ covi ci evsjv‡`‡ki g¨vc Uvwb‡q wm‡jU †`Lve| Gevi Avwg GK GKwU evK¨ coe Ges wkïiv Avgvi mv‡_ mgš^‡q co‡e| Gfv‡e Avwg AšÍZt yevi coe|

Qwe mwi‡q †djv n‡e| wkïiv eB‡Z cov a‡i Avgvi AbymiY Ki‡e|

wkïiv cv‡V AbMÖmi n‡j †ewk evi

co‡Z n‡e| b

wkï‡`i cvV Zvici wkï‡`i wbR wbR eB‡Z cov a‡i a‡i †`‡L e¨w³MZfv‡e co‡Z eje| wkïiv co‡Z _vK‡e| Avwg Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Le Ges †h cv‡i bv Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Kie| Gfv‡e wkïiv AšÍZ yevi co‡e|

wkïiv eB †`‡L co‡Z _vK‡e|

Gici †K †K co‡Z cvi‡e Zv †R‡b †be| †ek wKQy msL¨K wkï nvZ bv DVv‡j Avevi co‡Z †`e| Zv bv n‡j GKRb‡K †Rv‡i †Rv‡i co‡Z eje Ges Ab¨‡`i‡K wbR wbR eB‡Z cov a‡i co~qvi AbymiY Ki‡Z eje| hviv nvZ DVvqwb Zv‡`i‡K we‡klfv‡e g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z eje| Gfv‡e †ek wKQy msL¨K wkï‡K w`‡q cove|

hviv cv‡i Zviv nvZ DVv‡e| GKRb co‡e, A‡b¨iv

ïb‡e| AvR hviv covi my‡hvM cv‡e bv, Zviv Kvj wKsev ciï co‡e|

evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv 163

1 2 3 4 D c ’v c b

kãv_© Av‡jvPbv

evbvb †kLv

cv‡Vi KwVb kã GK GK K‡i PK‡ev‡W© wjLe Ges wkï‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq cv‡k A_© wj‡L †`e| wkïiv wbR wbR LvZvq wj‡L †b‡e I A_© wkL‡e| GKwU k‡ãi evbvb wR‡Ám K‡i †K †K ej‡Z cv‡i Rvb‡Z PvBe| nvZ DwV‡q‡Q Ggb GKRb‡K evbvb Ki‡Z eje| Zvi DËi ï× n‡j mevB‡K eB †`‡L kãwUi evbvb wkL‡Z eje| Gfv‡e me KwVb k‡ãi evbvb wkL‡e|

DËi ï× bv n‡j Ab¨

Rb‡K ej‡Z n‡e|

cvV¨vsk Av‡jvPbv

wb¤œiƒc cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g wkï‡`i‡K cvV¨vsk eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ Kie: 1) eo gvgv †Kv_vq _v‡Kb? 2) wZwb †mLv‡b wK K‡ib? 3) Giv †Kb wm‡j‡U †M‡Q? 4) Zgvj †K? 5) Giv wK †`L‡Q? 6) uvwo wPý †Kv_vq e‡m? 7) ÔPvKwiÕ kã w`‡q gy‡L gy‡L evK¨ iPbv Ki|

wkï‡`i †Kvb cÖkœ _vK‡j

wR‡Ám Ki‡Z eje Ges Ab¨ wkï‡`i Reve w`‡Z eje| †KD bv cvi‡j Avwg Reve e‡j †`e|

g~ j¨v q b g~ j¨v q

g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ cÖkœvewj †hvM¨Zv: †kvbv-

ejv-

ejv-

cov-

AvR‡Ki cvV †_‡K wPwýZ AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv wkïiv AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ wbæiƒ‡c e¨e ’v MÖnY Kie: wkïiv g‡bv‡hvM I ˆah© mnKv‡i ïb‡Q wKbv Zv ch©‡e¶‡Yi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb Kie| PwjZ ixwZ‡Z K_v ej‡Q wKbv Zv g~j¨vqb Kivi Rb¨ cv‡V †hLv‡b PwjZ ixZ e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q †mLvb †_‡K cÖkœ Kie: †hgb, 1. Avgiv wm‡j‡U G‡mwQ †Kb? 2. Qwe‡Z †g‡q‡`i wc‡V wK †`Lv hv‡”Q? 3. GKRb‡K (bvg a‡i) cÖ_g yjvBb co| 4. Ab¨ GKRb‡K (bvg a‡i) cÖ_g yjvB‡b †Kv_vq †Kv_vq uvwo wPý Av‡Q?

5. Ab¨ GKRb‡K (bvg a‡i) c‡ii yjvBb co BZ¨vw`|

6. GB yjvB‡bi ‡Kv_vq †Kv_vq uvwo wPý Av‡Q?

†K †K eB †`‡L co‡Z cvi‡e Zv nvZ Zz‡j Rvbv‡e| †KD nvZ bv Zzj‡j Zv‡K wPwýZ K‡i ivLe I c‡i wbivgqg~jK e¨e ’v Aej¤b

Kie|

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU- 8 164

b

cov- ejv

cov- †jLv

†jLv-

†jLv-

7| gvgv †Kv_vq _v‡Kb? 8| wZwb †mLv‡b wK K‡ib? 9| LvjvZ fvB Kv‡K e‡j? 10| Avgiv Ny‡i Ny‡i wK †`LwQ? BZ¨vw` 11| †jLvi †hvM¨Zv hvPvB Gi Rb¨ wjL‡Z w`‡q wbR wbR †jLv †`‡L co‡Z eje| 12| eB †`‡L †`‡L cÖ_g ywU evK¨ †jL? 13| Avwg †h kã eje Zv ï‡b †Zvgiv wbR

wbR LvZv †ú‡U †jL: †hgb, PvKwi, evMvb|

14| evK¨ iPbv Ki: evMvb, wm‡jU|

wkïiv wjL‡e Avwg Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Le| cÖwZ

͇i wbivgqg~jK e¨e ’vi gva¨‡g cy‡ivcywi wkLb wbwðZ Kie|

evwoi KvR

cvV: evwo †_‡K fvj K‡i †kLvi wb‡ ©k w`‡q †kªwYK¶ Z¨vM Kie|

hw` 2/1 Rb †Kvb †hvM¨Zv cyivcywi AR©b Ki‡Z bv cv‡i Z‡e Zv‡`i Rb¨ cieZx© †Kvb mg‡q wbivgqg~jK e¨e ’v MÖnY Kie|

[msM„nxZ]

evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv 165

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 8.3 A) eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ mwVK DËi wb‡ ©kg~jK A¶iwU‡K e„ËvwqZ Kiæb| Avcbvi wbe©vwPZ DËiwU K n‡j K e„ËvwqZ Kiæb: 1. Qovi cvV †_‡K AwR©Z n‡e−

K. †kvbv I covi †hvM¨Zv L. ejv I †jLvi †hvM¨Zv M. †kvbv I ejvi †hvM¨Zv N. cov I †jLvi †hvM¨Zv|

2. †kvbvi †hvM¨Zv AwR©Z n‡e−

K. †Kej evsjvi cvV †_‡K L. we`¨vj‡qi mvgwMÖK Kvh©µg †_‡K M. †Kej MwY‡Zi cvV †_‡K N. Dc‡ii me KqwU †_‡K|

3. covi †hvM¨Zv ïiæ n‡e−

K. Z…Zxq †kªwY †_‡K L. wØZxq †kªwY †_‡K M. cÖ_g †kªwY †_‡K N. †h †Kvb †kªwY †_‡K|

4. cÖ_g †kªwY‡Z Av`k© cvV ïiæ n‡e−

K. wk¶K co‡eb, wkïiv mv‡_ mv‡_ co‡e L. wk¶K co‡eb, wkïiv ïb‡eb M. wk¶K KvwV w`‡q wb‡ ©k Ki‡eb, wkïi GK m‡½ co‡e N. wkïiv wbR wbR eB †`‡L co‡e|

�

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU- 8 166

wk¶v DcKiY: aviYv, D‡Ïk¨, e¨envi, msMÖn I msi¶Y D‡Ïk¨ GB cv‡Vi †k‡l Avcwb− � wk¶v DcKiY Kv‡K e‡j Ges Gi e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; � wk¶v DcKiY wbe©vPb I e¨envi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges � wk¶v DKiY msMÖn I msi¶‡Y wk¶‡Ki f‚wgKv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

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DcKi‡Yi e¨envi

wkLb-†kLv‡bv cÖwµqvq wk¶v DKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg GK_v Avcwb Rvb‡jb Ges DcKiY e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ cÖ ‘wZ wb‡jb| ïay GUzKz‡ZB wK n‡e? DcKi‡Yi myôz e¨envi †KŠkj¸‡jv

cvV 8.4

wk¶v DcKiY wK?

DcKiY †Kb?

evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv 167

Avcbv‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e| e¨envi †KŠkj Rvbvi Av‡M DcKiY wbe©vP‡bi welqwUI Avcbv‡K †f‡e †`L‡Z n‡e| DcKiY wbe©vP‡bi mgq Avcbv‡K †`L‡Z n‡e DcKiYwUi− � cÖvmw½KZv- DcKiYwU cv‡Vi welqe ‘i m‡½ cÖZ¨¶fv‡e m¤ú„³ wK bv| � mnRjf¨Zv- mn‡R cvIqv hvq Ggb DcKiY wbe©vPb Ki‡eb| � e¨q ¯íZv- †ewk `vwg DcKiY e¨envi Kiv Avgv‡`i c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| � D™¢veb †hvM¨Zv- D™¢veb Kiv hvq ev wb‡Ri nv‡Z ˆZwi Kiv hvq, Ggb DKiY wbe©vPbv

Kiv DwPZ| � e¨envi †hvM¨Zv- Avcbvi wbe©vwPZ DcKiYwU †kªwYK‡¶ Avcbvi I wk¶v_x©i Rb¨

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DcKiY wbe©vPb

DcKiY e¨envi

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BDwbU- 8 168

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2. wk¶v DcKiY e¨env‡ii D‡Ïk¨ wK?

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2. cvVUxKv cÖYqb †KŠkj eY©bv Kiæb|

3. cvVUxKv cÖYqb m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi wbR¯ gZvgZ e¨³ Kiæb|

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BDwbU- 8 170

MÖš’cÄx

1. wc wU AvB cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Rb¨ evsjv, cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi, evsjv‡`k XvKv|

2. gy ª‡Y: w` cvBIwbqvi wcÖw›Us †cÖm wjwg‡UW, XvKv|

3. Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg wewËK wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg (cÖ_g I wØZxq †kªwY), RvZxq wk¶vµg I †UK÷eyK †evW©, XvKv, 1988, mn‡hvwMZvq: BDwb‡md, XvKv|

4. Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg (cÖv_wgK wk¶v) RvZxq wk¶vµg I †UK÷eyK †evW©, XvKv|

5. cÖv_wgK wk¶v Kg©KZ©v I wk¶KM‡Yi e¨env‡ii Rb¨

6. me©Rbxb cÖv_wgK wk¶vi cUf‚wg‡Z wkLbµg cwigvR©b I bevqb Kvh©µg|

7. Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg wfwËK cÖwk¶Y wb‡ ©wkKv, gy ª‡Y: Avgv‡`i evOjv †cÖm wjt

8. cvV cwiKíbv I cvV`vb Abykxjb, evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq|

9. fvlv I gvZ…fvlv, ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb, evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq|

10. evsjv fvlvi e¨vKiY (beg I `kg †kªwYi Rb¨), RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy ÍK †evW©, XvKv|

11. wcwUAvB cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Rb¨ evsjv, cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi, evsjv‡`k, XvKv| gy ª‡Y: evsjv GKv‡Wgx †cÖm, XvKv|

12. evsjv covevi b~Zb c×wZ, myaxi P› ª ivq, cÖeZ©K cvewjkvm©, KwjKvZv|

13. evsjv fvlvi wk¶v c×wZ, Kj¨vYx Kv‡jei, wgÎ wenvi cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW, 5 k¼i †Nvl †jb, KwjKvZv|