cvwK¯Ív‡b mvgwiK kvmb I c~e©evsjv · Gm Gm GBP Gj BDwbU--- c„ôv 116 AvBqye Lvb I †gŠwjK MYZš¿ D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- • †gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 115

cvwK¯Ív‡b mvgwiK kvmb I c~e©evsjv

f‚wgKv ‡Rbv‡ij B¯‹v›`vi gxR©v cvwK¯Ív‡b mvgwiK kvm‡bi m~ÎcvZ Ki‡jI wZwb †ewkw`b Zv †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| gvÎ 20 w`‡bi g‡a¨B 1958 mv‡ji 27 A‡±vei †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb ¶gZv MÖnY K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^wbe©vwPZ †cÖwm‡W›U nb| GKB mv‡_ wZwb cÖavb †mbvcwZ I cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK c‡` envj iB‡jb| GK `k‡Ki †ewk mgq ¶gZvq †_‡K wZwb †ek wKQy ivR‰bwZK c`‡¶c †bb| wKšÍz Zvui M„nxZ c`‡¶c MYZš¿ aŸs‡mi c_ Db¥y³ K‡i, `y'As‡ki eëavb evwo‡q †`q| Gi d‡j evOvwj RvwZ M‡o †Zv‡j `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb| evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m Zvui kvmbKvj (1958-69) ¸iyZ¡c~Y©|

AvBqye Lvb ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi Ici K‡Vvi wbqš¿‡Yi cvkvcvwk Ô‡gŠwjK MYZš¿' bv‡g Z_vKw_Z c‡iv¶ MYZvwš¿K eë¯’v Pvjy K‡ib| cÖv‡`wkK kvm‡bi †¶‡Î evi evi kvmK cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g w¯’wZkxj kvm‡b evav m„wó K‡ib| c~e©evsjvq Gi cÖwZwµqv NU‡Z mgq jv‡Mwb| 1962 mv‡j QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ N‡U| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi 6 `dv I QvÎ‡ì 11 `dvi gva¨‡g Zv c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| cvwK¯—vwb kvmK‡Mvôx A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK, mvgwiK †¶‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi evOvwj RbM‡Yi cÖwZ †h mxgvnxb êlg¨ m„wó K‡i, Zvi ewjô cÖwZev` wQj 6 I 11 `dv| miKvi me©vZ¥K wbh©vZb, AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi gva¨‡g Av‡›`vjb `g‡bi †Póv Pvjv‡jI eis GB cÖ‡Póv ey‡givs n‡q ùvovq| Ges AvBqy‡ei cZ‡bi N›Uv †e‡R I‡V|

GB BDwbU †k‡l Avcwb AvBqye Lv‡bi †gŠwjK MYZš¿, 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vjb, 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy×, 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb, mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©b I cÖwZwµqv, AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv, QvÎ‡ì 11 `dv Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

G BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q t • cvV-1 : AvBqye Lvb I †gŠwjK MYZš¿ • cvV-2 : 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vjb • cvV-3 : 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy× • cvV-4 : Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb • cvV-5 : mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©b I cÖwZwµqv • cvV-6 : AvMiZjv gvgjv • cvV-7 : QvÎ‡ì GMvi `dv Av‡›`vjb

Gm Gm GBP Gj

BDwbU--- c„ôv � 116

AvBqye Lvb I †gŠwjK MYZš¿

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- • †gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb; • †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq AbywôZ wbe©vPb m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq M„nxZ ˆ¯îvPvix wm×všÍmg~‡ni weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb; • Gi djvdj wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

†Rbv‡ij AvBqye 1958 mv‡j ¶gZvq AwawôZ n‡qB cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmb KvVv‡gv Ges ivR‰bwZK KvVv‡gvi Avg~j cwieZ©‡bi D‡`¨vM †bb| Zuvi GB cÖqvm BwZevPK wQj wKbv Zv‡Z m‡›`n Av‡Q| Z‡e Awfbe †h wQj †m wel‡q †KDB wØgZ †cvlY K‡ib bv| 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vaxb nevi ci †_‡K AvBqye Lv‡bi ¶gZvq Avmvi c~e© ch©šÍ `xN© bq eQ‡ii †fZiI cvwK¯Ív‡b †Kvb mvaviY wbe©vPb nq wb| d‡j KL‡bvB RvZxqwfwËK wbe©vPbx KvVv‡gv wbwðZ nqwb| AvBqye Lvb ¶gZv `Lj K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡b GKwU bZzb ai‡bi wbe©vPbx KvVv‡gv cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zuvi wbe©vPbx cÖwµqvi g~j wfwË wQj †gŠwjK ev eywbqv`x MYZš¿| †gŠwjK MYZš¿ n‡”Q GK ai‡bi mxwgZ MYZš¿ hv‡Z †KejgvÎ wKQy wbw`©ó †jv‡Ki AwaKv‡i RvZxq †bZ…Z¡ wbe©vP‡bi AwaKvi wQj|

K. †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i D‡Ïk¨

AvBqye Lvb ¶gZvq AwawôZ n‡q †gŠwjK MYZš¿ bvgK GKwU m¤ú~b© wfbœ ai‡bi miKvi c×wZ Pvjy K‡ib| Aa¨vcK gvRnviyj Bmjvg gZ w`‡q‡Qb †h, AvBqy‡ei Aby‡iv‡a K'Rb gvwK©b we‡klÁ GB c×wZi KvVv‡gv ˆZwi K‡ib| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv AvBqye Lvb †Kb Ggb c×wZi cÖwZ AvMÖn‡eva Ki‡jb| Gi KviY n‡jv wZwb msm`xq c×wZ‡K AcQ›` Ki‡Zb Ges g‡b Ki‡Zb cvwK¯Ív‡bi gZ GKwU †`‡k msm`xq c×wZ APj| GLv‡b cvðvZ¨ auv‡Pi MYZš¿ APj e‡j wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb| myZivs G‡`‡ki Dc‡hvMx GKUv bZzb g‡Wj ˆZwii D‡Ï‡k †gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖewZ©Z nq| we‡klÁiv Aek¨ g‡b K‡ib, †gŠwjK MYZš¿ Pvjyi gva¨‡g AvBqye Lvb mviv †`‡k GKwU ¶gZvi ejq M‡o Zzj‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|

cvV-1



L. †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i eY©bv

1959 mv‡ji 26 A‡±ve‡ii †NvlYv Abymv‡i cvwK¯Ív‡b †gŠwjK MYZš¿ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Pvjy nq| Gi gva¨‡g †`‡k GKwU Pvi ¯Íi wewkó wcivwgW AvK…wZi KvVv‡gv m„wó Kiv nq| ¯Íi¸‡jv n‡”Q BDwbqb KvDwÝj, _vbv KvDwÝj, †Rjv KvDwÝj Ges wefvMxq KvDwÝj| †QvU †QvU kn‡i UvDb KwgwU Ges eo eo kn‡i †cŠimfv MV‡bi weavb Kiv nq| GB KvVv‡gvi me© wb¤œ¯Íi BDwbqb KvDwÝj Ges †cŠimfv ev UvDb KwgwU RbM‡Yi cÖZ¨¶fv‡e wbe©vP‡bi eë¯’v wQj| Gi Ic‡ii ¯Íi¸‡jv c‡iv¶ wbe©vPb c×wZ‡Z MwVZ wQj| †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i me© wb¤œ¯Í‡i †h BDwbqb KvDwÝ‡ji m`mïv cÖZ¨¶ †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ n‡Zb c~e© Ges cwðg cvwK¯Ívb wg‡j| G‡ì msL¨v wQj 40 nvRvi K‡i †gvU 80 nvRvi| G‡ì‡K †ewmK †W‡gvµvU ev ms‡¶‡c we.wW. †g¤^vi ejv n‡Zv| GB 80 nvRvi we.wW. †g¤^vi †`‡ki ivóªcwZ †_‡K ïiy K‡i wewfbœ ch©v‡qi e¨w³eM©‡K wbe©vwPZ Ki‡Zb|

wbe©vPKgÛjx: †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿ 80 nvRvi †h we.wW. †g¤^vi wQj ZvivB wQ‡jb †`‡ki g~j wbe©vPKgÛjx| RbM‡Yi GKgvÎ we.wW †g¤^vi wbe©vPb Kiv Qvov Avi we‡kl wKQy Kivi wQj bv weavq G‡ì‡K cÖK…Z wbe©vPK ejv hvq bv| we.wW. †g¤^viMY msL¨vq Zviv hZ bMY¨B nb bv †Kb ZvivB wQ‡jb cÖK…Z wbe©vPK| G‡ì gva¨‡gB ivóªcwZ, RvZxq Ges cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì m`më„›` wbe©vwPZ n‡eb e‡j weavb Kiv nq|

M. †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq wbe©vPb

AvBqye Lvb ¶gZvq G‡m mvgvwiK kvm‡bi AvIZvq †ek wKQyw`b †`k kvm‡bi ci †gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖeZ©b K‡ib Ges c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 80 nvRvi †gŠwjK MYZš¿x wbe©vwPZ nq| Giv AvBqy‡ei kvmb‡K êaZv †èvi Rb¨ †gvU `y'evi Zuv‡K †fvU `vb K‡ib|

1. 1960 mv‡ji nu¨v/bv †fvU: `y'eQi mvgvwiK kvm‡bi ci AvBqye Zuvi miKvi‡K GK †emvgwiK iƒc w`‡Z D‡`¨vMx nb| GRb¨ Zuvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj wbe©vP‡bi| myZivs †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq 1960 mv‡ji 14 †deªyqvwi AbywôZ n‡jv †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui Ici Av¯’v Av‡Q wKbv †m wel‡q nu¨v/bv wbe©vPb| GB wbe©vP‡b AvBqye Lv‡bi weiy‡× †Kvb cÖwZØw›`¡ wQj bv| wQj ïay `'ywU ev·| GKwU Ônu¨v' ev· Ges Ab¨wU Ôbv' ev·| †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui Ici Av¯’v Av‡Q wKbv †mwU Rvbv‡Z we.wW. †g¤^viMY nu¨v ev bv ev‡· Zv‡ì †fvU w`‡q‡Qb| Z‡e e¨vj‡U mxj gvivi †Kvb weavb wQj bv| myZivs c~‡e©B †hgb Abygvb Kiv wM‡qwQj †Zgbfv‡eB AvBqye Lvb kZKiv cÖvq 95wU †fvU †c‡q wbe©vwPZ nb cieZ©x cuvP eQ‡ii Rb¨|

2. 1962 mv‡ji RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil` wbe©vPb: 1960 mv‡j MwVZ kvmbZš¿ Kwgk‡bi mycvwi‡ki wfwË‡Z 1962 mv‡ji 28 GwcÖj RvZxq cwil` I 6 †g cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì c‡iv¶ wbe©vP‡bi eë¯’v Kiv nq| QvÎiv †klch©šÍ GB wbe©vP‡bi weiy‡× Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡j AvIqvgx jxM I b¨vc wbe©vP‡b Ask †bqv †_‡K weiZ _v‡K|

3. 1965 mv‡ji †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vPb: nu¨v/bv †fv‡Ui gva¨‡g wbe©vwPZ n‡q cuvP eQi ¶gZv †fvM Kivi ci 1965 mv‡j Avev‡iv †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡bi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o AvBqye Lv‡bi| '65 mv‡ji wbe©vPb AvBqye Lv‡bi '60 mv‡ji gZ mnR nqwb| cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZôvZv †gvnv¤§`

Gm Gm GBP Gj


Avjx wRbœvni †evb dv‡Zgv wRbœvn G wbe©vP‡b mw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `‡ji ev ms‡¶‡c K‡ci cÖv_©x wnmv‡e AvBqy‡ei weiy‡× ùvovb| mw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `‡ji wbe©vPbx cÖPviYvi gy‡L AvBqye Lvb A‡bKUv weeªZKi Ae¯’vq c‡ob| †klch©šÍ wZwb Rqjvf K‡ib Z‡e c~e©e‡½ dv‡Zgv wRbœvn fv‡jv †fvU †c‡qwQ‡jb|

N. †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g ˆ¯ivPvix wm×všÍmg~n

†gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖK…Zc‡¶ †Kvb MYZš¿ wQj bv| eis GwU wQj A‡bKUv ˆ¯îZvwš¿K †KŠkj| GB c×wZi gva¨‡g ¶gZv msnZ K‡i AvBqye Lvb †`‡ki we‡ivax †bZv-Kg©x‡ì Rã Kivi c_ a‡ib|

1. †cv‡Wv Ges Ge‡Wv: †cv‡Wv (PODO, Public Office Disqualification Order) Ges Ge‡Wv (EBDO, Elective Bodies Disqualification Order) †`‡ki we‡ivax ivRbxwZwe`‡ì Rã Ges nqivwb Kivi Rb¨ `y'wU wbe©Zbg~jK AvBb AvBqye miKvi KZ©„K Rvwi Kiv n‡qwQj| Gi gva¨‡g ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡ì wePv‡ii Rb¨ we‡kl Av`vjZ MVb Kiv nq Ges †mLv‡b Awfhy³ e¨w³ AvBbRxexi mnvqZv †c‡Zb bv| wePv‡ii gva¨‡g kvw¯Í wnmv‡e ivR‰bwZK †bZv ev wbe©vwPZ e¨w³‡ì wewfbœ †gqv‡ì Rb¨ ivRbxwZ‡Z, miKvwi c‡ì Rb¨ ev Ggb Ab¨‡Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ A‡hvM¨ †NvlYv Kiv n‡Zv| ïay Ge‡Wv AvB‡bi gva¨‡gB cÖvq 877 Rb ivRbxwZwe` A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ nb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ knx` †mvnivIqv`©x, Lvb Ave`yj Mvddvi Lvb, wgqv †`ŠjZvbv cÖgyL Ab¨Zg|

2. †bZ…e„›` †MÖdZvi I nqivwb: mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi nevi ci ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡ì †MÖdZvi Ges nqivwb GKwU wbqwgZ welq n‡q ùvovq| †`‡k †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i gZ GKwU eë¯’v Pvjy nevi ciI GB Ae¯’v envj wQj| we‡ivax ivRbxwZweìv AvcÖvY †Póv KiwQ‡jb miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡Z| wKšÍz 1962 mv‡ji †fZiB †mvnivIqv`©xmn †`‡ki cÖavb cÖavb †bZv‡ì †MÖdZvi I nqivwbi gva¨‡g miKvi Gme D‡`¨v‡Mi Reve †`b|

3. 1962 mv‡ji msweavb Ges ˆ¯îZš¿: 1962 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb cvwK¯Ívb‡K GKwU D™¢U msweavb Dcnvi †`b| Gi gva¨‡g 1956 mv‡ji msm`xq auv‡Pi msweavb AvbyôvwbKfv‡e evwZj n‡q hvq| 1960 mv‡j wePvicwZ mvnveywÏb‡K †Pqvig¨vb K‡i GK Kwgkb MwVZ nq| Kwgkb msweav‡bi iƒc‡iLv m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`b| Z‡e †klch©šÍ 1962 mv‡j †h msweavb cÖYxZ nq †mwU AvBqy‡ei msweavb bv‡g cwiwPZ| GB msweavbwU cÖYqb KivB n‡qwQj AvBqy‡ei ˆ¯îZš¿‡K cvKv‡cv³ Kivi Rb¨| Gi †fZi ag©‡K G‡b wePvi wefv‡Mi ¶gZv Le© K‡i MYZvwš¿K KvVv‡gv aŸsm Ges me©v‡c¶v eo K_v GKwU ivóªcwZ kvwmZ miKvi cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g 1962 mv‡ji msweav‡bi gva¨‡g ˆ¯îZš¿ cvKv‡cv³ Kivi e‡›`ve¯Í Kiv n‡qwQj|

O. djvdj

AvBqye cÖvq `k eQi a‡i †`k kvmb K‡iwQ‡jb|GB `k eQ‡ii †ewkifvM mgq †`k kvwmZ n‡qwQj †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq|†gŠwjK MYZš¿ c×wZ wnmv‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb ïf dj e‡q Av‡bwb, GwU cieZ©x NUbvejxi gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|†gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g †h AwfRvZZ‡š¿i



m~Pbv nq Zv cvwK¯Ív‡b MYZvwš¿K KvVv‡gv Ges cwi‡e‡ki c_ eÜ K‡i †`q| mgv‡R GK †kªYxi myweav‡fvMxi m„wó nq| G‡Z K‡i êlg¨ Av‡iv †e‡o hvq| cwiYwZ‡Z mvgvwRK Aw¯’iZv †`Lv †`q| AvBqy‡ei mvgwiK kvm‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvby‡li g‡a¨B mvgwiK kvmb m¤ú‡K© †h †gvn wQj †gŠwjK MYZš¿mn wewfbœ AMYZvwš¿K Kvh©Kjv‡ci gva¨‡g †mB †gvnf½ nq| QvÎ BDwbqb, QvÎjx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb µ‡g cÖmvi jvf K‡i| QvÎ‡ì GB Av‡›`vjb 1962 mv‡ji 3 †deªyqvwi ciivóªgš¿x gÄyi Kv‡ì‡K XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Ac`¯’ Ges AvBqy‡ei XvKv AvMgb we‡ivax we‡¶v‡f cÖmvi jvf K‡i| Gmgq †mvnivIqv`©xi †MÖdZvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvI miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b hy³ nq| †cÖwm‡W›U I c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i Avhg Lv‡bi g‡a¨ wewfbœ welq gZv‰bK¨ †`Lv w`‡j evOvwj ì`x bv‡g cwiwPZ Avhg Lvb c`Z¨vM K‡ib| Z‡e 1962 mv‡j AbywôZ RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì weiy‡× QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wbe©vwPZ wb`©jxq m`mïv AvBqye Lv‡bi cÖej Pvc I cÖ‡jvf‡bi ciI miKvwi `‡j †hvM w`‡Z cÖ_g BZ¯ÍZ K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †mB AKg©Y¨ msmÌ †klch©šÍ MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vj‡bi AbyK‚‡j wKQyUv f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Q| 1962 mv‡jB ivR‰bwZK `j KZ©„K kvmbZš¿ cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq| QvÎ Av‡›`vjb `g‡b AvBqye MVb K‡ib Zvi wbR¯^ †c‡Uvqv evwnbx Gb. Gm. Gd.| AMYZvwš¿K eë¯’v I Pig ˆ¯îZvwš¿K g‡bvfve m‡Ë¡I ivR‰bwZK †¶‡Î Pig msKU †`Lv †`q| Gi cwiYwZ‡Z 1966 mv‡j AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingvb 6 `dv `vwe †ck K‡ib hv evOvwj RvwZi gyw³i `vwe‡Z cwiYZ nq| c~e©e‡½i gvbyl †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g D™¢yZ `ytkvm‡bi weiy‡× ùvwo‡q ¯^vqËkvmb Av‡›`vjb ïiy K‡i| GB Av‡›`vjb GZB we¯Ívi jvf K‡i †h AvBqye Lv‡bi ¶gZvi wfZ b‡o hvq Ges 1969 mv‡j Zuvi cZb N‡U|

mvims‡¶c

AvBqye Lvb Zuvi ¶gZvi wfZ †cv³ Kivi Rb¨ †gŠwjK MYZš¿ bvgK †h ivR‰bwZK cÖwµqv Pvjy K‡ib †mwU †`‡ki Rb¨ ¯’vqx ¶wZi KviY n‡q‡Q| Ges GKB m‡½ Zuvi cZ‡biI Kvi‡Y cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Zuvi cieZ©x kvmK Bqvwnqv Lvb ZvB GB eë¯’v evwZj K‡i RbM‡Yi mivmwi †fv‡U RbcÖwZwbwa wb‡qv‡Mi eë¯’vI K‡ib|

mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ 1| nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy×: `wjjcÎ, 2q LÛ, XvKv, Z_¨ I †eZvi gš¿Yvjq,

1983| 2| mvjvnDÏxb Avng` I Ab¨vb¨ m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm, 1947-1971, XvKv, AvMvgx

cÖKvkbx, 1997| 3| gynv¤§` AvBqye Lvb, cÖfz bq eÜz, XvKv, A·‡dvW© BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm, 1968|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ: mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|

1| †gŠwjK MYZš¿ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Pvjy nq 1959 mv‡ji- (K) 25 AvM÷ (L) 26 AvM÷ (M) 26 A‡±vei (N) 27 A‡±vei 2| †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i Aax‡b cvwK¯Ív‡bi `y'As‡k we.wW. †g¤^v‡ii msL¨v wQj- (K) 40 nvRvi (L) 60 nvRvi (M) 70 nvRvi (N) 80 nvRvi 3| †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq nu¨v/bv †fvU AbywôZ nq 1960 mv‡ji- (K) 14 Rvbyqvwi (L) 14 †deªyqvwi (M) 14 gvP© (N) 14 GwcÖj msw¶ß cÖkœ: 1| †gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖeZ©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wK wQj wjLyb| 2| †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq AbywôZ wbe©vP‡bi eY©bv w`b| 3| †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i djvdj wjLyb| iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:

1| †gŠwjK MYZš¿ m¤ú‡K© GKwU iPbv wjLyb|



1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vjb

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ • 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • GB Av‡›`vj‡bi wewfbœ ch©vq ev weKvk ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges • GB Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iyZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi D™¢e †_‡K 1971 mvj ch©šÍ c~e©evsjvi Rbmvavi‡Yi wk¶v, mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi Av`v‡qi †¶‡Î wewfbœ Av‡›`vj‡b G AÂ‡ji QvÎ I hye mgv‡Ri e¨vcK Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi m„wói ciciB G AÂ‡j M‡o IVv ivR‰bwZK msMVb¸‡jvi A½ `j wn‡m‡e wewfbœ QvÎ msMVb M‡o I‡V| 1952 mv‡ji ci 1962 mv‡ji AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b Gme QvÎ msMVb †MŠi‡ev¾¡j f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nq| evlwÆ mv‡ji AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb mvaviYfv‡e Òwk¶v Av‡›`vjbÓ wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ jvf Ki‡jI Gi ivR‰bwZK ¸iyZ¡ wQj AZ¨šÍ Zvrch©c~Y©| '62 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j †h RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv M‡o I‡V Zv av‡c av‡c ¯^vaxbZv ch©šÍ weKwkZ nq|

Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU

1962 mv‡ji wk¶v Av‡›`vjb ev QvÎ Av‡›`vjb cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi mgmvgwqK wk¶v I ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vb‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o D‡VwQj| ZvB G Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU‡K (1) wk¶v (2) ivR‰bwZK- G `y'fv‡M Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq|

1. wk¶v †cÖ¶vcU: 1962 mv‡ji AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb wk¶v Av‡›`vjb bv‡g L¨vZ| c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Z_v c~e©evsjvi cÖwZ †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii M„nxZ wk¶vbxwZ G AÂ‡ji QvÎ mgvR‡K miKvi we‡ivax-Av‡›`vj‡b DØy× K‡iwQj| cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii cwiKíbv wQj c~e©evsjvq wk¶vi AMÖMwZ †iva Ki‡Z cvi‡j G AÂ‡j RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi weKvk w¯ÍwgZ n‡e Ges Zv‡ì Af¨šÍixY Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi wfwË `xN©Kvj wU‡K _vK‡e| ZvB ïiy †_‡KB miKvi c~e©evsjvi wk¶v‡¶‡Î Pig êlg¨ bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z _v‡K| wk¶vi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i GB êl‡gï cÖfve AZ¨šÍ my¯úó wQj| †hgbÑ 1947-48 mv‡j c~e©evsjvq cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj, H mg¯Í ¯‹z‡ji wk¶K, wk¶v_x©i nvi wQj h_vµ‡g iv‡óªi †gvU msL¨vi h_vµ‡g 77.89%, 80.93%, 78.97%| wKšÍz 1962-63 mv‡j G‡m Zv n«vm †c‡q ùvovq h_vµ‡g 48.93%, 57.68% I 63.54%| †Zgwb gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i 1947-48 mv‡j ¯‹zj, wk¶K I wk¶v_x©i nvi wQj h_vµ‡g 57.26%, 56.38% I 50.47%| wKšÍz 1962-63 mv‡j n«vm †c‡q ùvovq h_vµ‡g 48.50%, 39.54% Ges 37.55%| D”Pwk¶vi †¶‡Î êlg¨g~jK bxwZi Kvi‡Y

cvV-2

Gm Gm GBP Gj


c~e©vÂ‡ji µgea©gvb AbMÖmiZvi wPÎI mgfv‡e nZvkve¨ÄK| 1947-48 mv‡j c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b wek¦we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v wQj h_vµ‡g GKwU I `y'wU| 1961-62 mv‡j `y' AÂ‡ji wek¦we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v ùvovq h_vµ‡g 4wU I 6wU| A_P wk¶v_x©i †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq 1947-48 mv‡j c~e©evsjvq wek¦we`¨vj‡q QvÎ msL¨v wQj 1620 Rb Ges cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b gvÎ 654 Rb| wKšÍz 1962-63 mv‡j QvÎmsL¨v e„w× †c‡q ùvovq 7140 Rb I 9464 Rb| c~e©evsjvq QvÎmsL¨v e„w× †c‡jI cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b QvÎmsL¨v e„w×i nvi wQj Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK †ewk|

c~e©evsjvq wkw¶‡Zi nvi msKzwPZ ivLvi †KŠkj wn‡m‡e miKvi evwl©K ev‡R‡U wk¶vLv‡Z eivÏ ivLvi †¶‡Î êlg¨ bxwZ AbymiY K‡i| wb‡¤œi mviwY †_‡K welqwU ¯úó n‡q I‡VÑ

c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi wk¶vLv‡Z eivÏ

c~e© cvwK Ívb cwðg cvwK Ívb

A_© eQi †gvU ev‡RU wk¶vLv‡Z eivÏ †gvU ev‡RU wk¶vLv‡Z eivÏ 1948-49 161.1 †KvwU 19.4 †KvwU 279.5 †KvwU 35.4 †KvwU 1951-52 201.6 †KvwU 21.5 †KvwU 411.5 †KvwU 49.2 †KvwU 1956-57 303.8 †KvwU 22.5 †KvwU 613.1 †KvwU 100.6 †KvwU 1960-61 489.5 †KvwU 61.9 †KvwU 847.2 †KvwU 121.6 †KvwU 1962-63 745.2 †KvwU 76.5 †KvwU 1349.3 †KvwU 203.4 †KvwU

D‡jøL¨ †h, 1947-48 mvj †_‡K 1961-62 mvj ch©šÍ wk¶vLv‡Z c~e©evsjvi cÖwZ êlg¨g~jK bxwZ Abymi‡Yi ciI miKvi 1962 mv‡ji †klw`‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi †h bqv wk¶vbxwZ †NvlYv K‡i Zv‡Z c~e©evsjvi wk¶vi wb¤œMwZ‡K Av‡iv Z¡ivwb¦Z Kivi †KŠkj AbymiY Kiv nq| d‡j G AÂ‡ji m‡PZb QvÎ mgvR Z_v QvÎ msMVb AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j|

2. ivR‰bwZK †cÖ¶vcU: 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi ivR‰bwZK †cÖ¶vcUI Lye Zvrch©c~Y©| cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi D™¢‡ei ciciB c~e©evsjvq K‡qKwU cÖMwZkxj QvÎ msMVb M‡o I‡V| G‡ì g‡a¨ 1947 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡ii cÖ_g mßv‡n XvKvq MwVZ nq Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ívb MYZvwš¿K hyejxM'| gvby‡li fv‡Mï Dbœqb, MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi cÖwZôv, RbcÖwZwbwa‡ì Øviv cwiPvwjZ ivóª eë¯’v, we‡`kx †kvl‡Yi Aemvb cÖf…wZ wQj G msMV‡bi j¶| wKšÍz miKvwi `gbbxwZ I wbh©vZ‡bi gy‡L 1948 mv‡jB G msMV‡bi wejywß N‡U|

cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi AíKv‡ji g‡a¨ MwVZ me‡P‡q ¸iyZ¡c~Y© msMVb nj c~e©cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg QvÎjxM| 1948 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi dRjyj nK n‡j G msMVbwU MwVZ nq| c‡ii eQi cvwK¯Ívb †K›`ªxq gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖwZc¶ wn‡m‡e AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM MwVZ n‡j QvÎ msMVbwU g~jZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi A½ msMVb wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z _v‡K| 1955 mv‡ji ci `y'wU msMV‡bi bvg †_‡K gymwjg kãwU ev` †Ìqv nq|

mgmvgwqKKv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq‡K †K›`ª K‡i KwgDwb÷ cvwU© mgw_©Z QvÎ msMVb QvÎ †dWv‡ikb MwVZ nq| Z‡e miKv‡ii K‡Vvi `gbbxwZi gy‡L Lye kxNªB `jwUi wejywß N‡U| 1920 mv‡j fvi‡Zi KwgDwb÷iv ÔfviZxq KwgDwb÷ cvwU©' cÖwZôv K‡i| 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi ci Gi AbyKi‡Y ÔcvwK¯Ívb KwgDwb÷ cvwU©' MwVZ nq Ges cvkvcvwk Gi A½ msMVb wn‡m‡e ÔQvÎ BDwbqb' MwVZ



nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, c~e©evsjvi MYgvby‡li wk¶v, mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi Av`v‡qi j‡¶ wewfbœ Av‡›`vjb msMÖv‡g ÔQvÎjxM' I ÔQvÎ BDwbqb' hyMcr f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj| we‡kl K‡i 1952 mv‡j fvlvi `vwe wb‡q c~e©evsjvq miKvi we‡ivax †h `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o D‡VwQj Zvi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQj G AÂ‡ji QvÎ msMVb I mvaviY QvÎ mgvR| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g QvÎ mgvR c~e©evsjvi †h RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi Rb¥ w`‡qwQj Zvi cÖZ¨¶ cÖwZdjb N‡UwQj 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b hy³d«‡›Ui wbe©vPbx djvd‡ji Ici|

cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª 1958 mvj ch©šÍ bvggvÎ MYZš¿ cÖPwjZ _vK‡jI 1958 mv‡j ZviI Aemvb N‡U| we‡kl K‡i 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b c~e©evsjvq ¶gZvmxb gymwjg jx‡Mi fivWzwe miKvwi gnj‡K MYZ‡š¿i cÖwZ fxwZ RvwM‡q †Zv‡j| ZvQvov '54 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi ci c~e©evsjvq RvZxqZvev‡ì †h avivevwnKZvi m„wó nq, ¶gZvmxb `j Zv‡Z fxZ I DwØMœ n‡q Zv bm¨vr Kivi g‡š¿ DÏxß nq| ZvB †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb 1958 mv‡j ¶gZv `Lj K‡i mKj ivR‰bwZK `j I ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ wbwl× †NvlYv K‡ib Ges 1962 mvj ch©š— G †NvlYv envj _v‡K| G mg‡qi g‡a¨ c~e©evsjvi mKj ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›`‡K †R‡j ew›` K‡i ivLv nq| d‡j D‡jøwLZ mg‡q c~e©evsjvq †h ivR‰bwZK k~b¨Zvi m„wó nq, Zv c~i‡Yi j‡¶ GwM‡q Av‡m G AÂ‡ji cÖMwZkxj QvÎ msMVb¸‡jv Z_v QvÎ mgvR| mvgwiK miKvi QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi Ici Kov bRi ivL‡jI QvÎ msMVb¸‡jv cÖ_gve¯’vq wewfbœ mvs¯‹…wZK msMV‡bi gva¨‡g Ges 1962 mv‡j mivmwi miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j|

Av‡›`vj‡bi ch©vq

1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡iv¶ cÖ¯ÍzwZ Pj‡Z _v‡K '61 mv‡ji †Mvovi w`‡K 21 †deªyqvwi D`&hvcb‡K †K›`ª K‡i| G c‡e© gyL¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i QvÎ BDwbqb I QvÎjxM| G `y' QvÎ msMVb I Ab¨vb¨ QvÎ msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M 1961 mv‡j 21 †deªyqvwi I iex›`ª kZevwl©Kx Abyôvb cvwjZ nq Ges G Dcj‡¶ Pviw`b e¨vcx Kg©m~wP M„nxZ nq|

Gw`‡K mvgwiK miKvi QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi MwZwewa j¶ ivLvi Rb¨ wewfbœ †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v MVb K‡i Ges G‡ì wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Mfb©i AvRg Lvb QvÎ ivRbxwZ‡K ÔkqZv‡bi gbb' e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| ivRbxwZ‡Z RwoZ QvÎ‡ì wZwb wk¶v cÖwZôvb †_‡K KL‡bv ÔbK AvDU' Avevi KL‡bv ÔwKK AvDU' Kivi †NvlYv †`b| Avevi †K›`ªxq miKvi †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’vi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx QvÎ‡ì weiy‡× wewfbœ cÖKvi cÖwZwµqvkxj bxwZ †NvlYv K‡i| †hgbÑ ivRbxwZi mv‡_ RwoZ †gavex QvÎ‡ì ¸iyZ¡c~Y© miKvwi PvKwi, mk¯¿ evwnbx‡Z Kwgkb jvf Ges AvšÍR©vwZK e„wË jv‡f A‡hvM¨ e‡j †NvlYv †`q| miKv‡ii G ai‡bi †NvlYvq QvÎ mgvR fxZ bv n‡q eis miKviwe‡ivax K‡Vvi Av‡›`vj‡bi j‡¶ GwM‡q hvq| G Ae¯’vq 1961 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m cieZx© 21 †deªyqvwi D`&hvc‡bi j‡¶ QvÎ BDwbq‡bi †bZv †gvnv¤§` dinv‡ì D‡`¨v‡M QvÎjxM I QvÎ BDwbq‡bi †K›`ªxq †bZ…e„›` B¯‹vU‡bi GKwU evwo‡Z GK †Mvcb mfvq wgwjZ nq| êV‡K wm×všÍ nq †h †Kvb wKQyi wewbg‡q mvgwiK ˆ¯îvPv‡ii weiy‡× HKë× Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e Ges cieZx© 21 †deªyqvwi †_‡KB Zv ïiy Kiv n‡e| wKšÍz Gi Av‡MB 30 Rvbyqvwi †mvnivIqv`x©i †MÖdZv‡ii Lei 31 Rvbyqvwi XvKvi msev`c‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡j `vevb‡ji gZ Pviw`‡K Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q c‡o|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vjb‡K wZbwU ch©v‡q wef³ K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq| h_vÑ

cÖ_g ce© : mvgwiK kvmb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb

wØZxq ce© : msweavb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb

Z…Zxq ce© : AvBqye cÖewZ©Z wk¶v Kwgkb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb|

cÖ_g ce© : mvgwiK kvmb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb

1962 mv‡ji 24 Rvbyqvwi ZrKvjxb AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©i D‡`¨v‡M wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `‡ji K‡qKRb †bZv AvZvDi ingv‡bi evmfe‡b miKvi we‡ivax GK †Mvcb êV‡K wgwjZ nb| 30 Rvbyqvwi †mvnivIqv`x© KivwP †M‡j Zuv‡K †`kwe‡ivax loh‡š¿i Awf‡hv‡M †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| G msev` ciw`b c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ G AÂ‡ji QvÎ mgvR miKvi we‡ivax cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i Ges Gi ga¨w`‡q Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g c‡e©i m~Pbv nq| Gi cÖwZev‡` QvÎ BDwbqb I QvÎjxM 31 Rvbyqvwi Mfxi iv‡Z gayi K¨vw›U‡b êV‡K wgwjZ nq Ges ciw`b XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q me©vÍK ag©NU cvwjZ nq| ag©N‡Ui msev` cwÎKvq Qvcv‡bv bv nIqvq 2 †deªyqvwi QvÎiv wgwQj wb‡q †cÖmK¬v‡e hvq Ges miKvwi cwÎKv Av¸b w`‡q R¡vwj‡q †`q| 3 †deªyqvwi AvBqye Lv‡bi ciivóªgš¿x gÄyi Kv‡ì XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q md‡i Avm‡j QvÎiv Zv‡K bv‡Rnvj K‡i| 4 I 5 †deªyqvwi XvKvi †`qvj¸‡jv mvgwiK miKviwe‡ivax †jLvq f‡i hvq|

6 †deªyqvwi †_‡K XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq miKvi Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ eÜ †NvlYv K‡i| Gi cÖwZev‡` QvÎjxM I QvÎ BDwbqb wgwQj †ei K‡i Ges D‡ËwRZ QvÎiv cywj‡ki evm cywo‡q †`q| 7 †deªyqvwi c~e© †NvlYv Abyhvqx ¯^qs AvBqye Lvb‡KB †NivI Kivi Kg©m~wP †bIqv nq| d‡j 7Ñ9 †deªyqvwi ch©šÍ XvKvq e¨vcK cywjkx wbh©vZb Pj‡Z _v‡K Ges G mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖvq 229 Rb‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| Gi cÖwZev‡` c~e©evsjvi cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡jI Av‡›`vjb cÖej AvKvi aviY K‡i| gvP© gv‡m wk¶v cÖwZôvbmg~n Lyj‡j Avevi Av‡›`vjb ïiy nq| 15 gvP© †_‡K Ae¨vnZfv‡e ag©NU Pj‡Z _v‡K| G mgq WvKmyi mn-mfvcwZ iwdKzj nK I QvÎ BDwbqb †bZv nvq`vi AvKei Lvb cÖgyL †bZvmn eû QvÎ‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i †R‡j ew›` Kiv nq|

wØZxq ce© : kvmbZš¿ we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb

evlwÆi QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi wØZxq c‡e©i m~Pbv N‡U AvBqye Lvb KZ„©K cwiKwíZ kvmbZš¿‡K †K›`ª K‡i| AvBqye Lvb 1960 m‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i wbe©vPb †k‡l 15 †deªyqvwi 95.6 kZvsk †gŠwjK MYZš¿x‡ì Av¯’v †fv‡U †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ nb| Gi `yw`b ci cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmbZš¿ iPbvi Rb¨ Ôey¨‡iv Ae b¨vkbvj wiKb÷ªvKkb' (BNR) bvgK GKwU Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| Kwgkb '62 mv‡ji 28 GwcÖj RvZxq cwil‡ì Ges 6 †g cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì c‡iv¶ wbe©vP‡bi mycvwik K‡i| Kwgkb AvBqye Lv‡bi mvsweavwbK cwiKíbv m¤^wjZ GKwU cyw¯ÍKv cÖKvk K‡i| G‡Z weªwUk c×wZi cvj©v‡g›Uvwi MYZš¿ cvwK¯Ív‡b cÖ‡hvR¨ bq e‡j D‡jøL Kiv nq| Gi KviY wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv nq,



cvj©v‡g›Uvwi kvmbeë¯’v cvwK¯Ív‡b Pvjy Ki‡j Aw¯’wZkxjZv, ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡ì AvZ¥ ¯^v_©ciZv Ges `ybx©wZi Rb¥ w`‡e| AZGe, ivóª I mgv‡Ri Kj¨vYv‡_© †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui nv‡Z ¶gZv †K›`ªxf‚Z Kivi mycvwik Kiv nq| cÖ¯ÍvweZ msweav‡b cÖvßeq¯‹‡ì mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii cwie‡Z© wbqwš¿Z †fvUvwaKv‡ii K_v ejv nq Ges †fvUvi‡ì †hvM¨Zv wn‡m‡e wk¶v I m¤ú‡ì weavb ivLv nq|

AvBqye Lv‡bi kvmbZvwš¿K cwiKíbv I RvZxq Ges cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì c‡iv¶ wbe©vPb †NvwlZ n‡j c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgvR cybivq Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`q| QvÎ‡ì wbe©vPb we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Wv‡K mvov w`‡q AvIqvgx jxM I b¨vc wbe©vP‡b Ask †bIqv †_‡K weiZ _v‡K| wbe©vPb †k‡l Av‡›`vjbiZ QvÎiv RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì wbKU wee„wZi gva¨‡g 15 `dv `vwe DÌvcb K‡i| Gig‡a¨ cÖavb `vwe¸‡jv wQjÑ mKj ivR‰bwZK ew›ì gyw³`vb, †MÖdZvwi ciIqvbv cÖZ¨vnvi, mvgwiK Av`vj‡Z mvRvcÖvß e¨w³‡ì gyw³, ivR‰bwZK Kgx© I ew›`‡ì m¤úwË ev‡RqvßKi‡Yi Av‡`k cÖZ¨vnvi, ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡ì Ici Av‡ivwcZ EBDO I PODO cÖf…wZ KvjvKvby‡bi cÖZ¨vnvi, evK-¯^vaxbZv, msMwVZ nIqvi ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vbmn QvÎ‡ì ¯^v_© Ges wk¶v cÖwZôvb msµvšÍ wKQy `vwe| QvÎ‡ì `vwei cÖwZ mg_©b Rvwb‡q AvBbmfvq miKviwe‡ivax MÖyc wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ 8 `dv bxwZgvjv MÖnY K‡i| G¸‡jv n‡jv †gŠwjK AwaKvi cÖwZôv, webv wePv‡i wW‡Ubk‡bi we‡ivwaZv, mKj ivR‰bwZK ew›ì Avï gyw³ BZ¨vw`| 25 Ryb (1962) cvwK¯Ív‡bi bqRb kxl© ivR‰bwZK †bZv AvBqy‡ei cÖ¯ÍvweZ kvmbZš¿ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i wee„wZ †`b| ZvQvov eyw×Rxex, wk¶K, ivRbxwZwe`‡ì ga¨ †_‡KI QvÎ‡ì `vwei c‡¶ mg_©b e¨³ Kiv nq| d‡j miKvi AwaKvsk QvÎ‡K gyw³ w`‡Z eva¨ nq|

wbe©vPb †k‡l †bZ…e„›` Ab¨ GKwU Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ K‡i| Zviv wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡ì mv‡_ êVK K‡i cvj©v‡g‡›U c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mgm¨vi K_v ejvi cÖwZkªywZ Av`v‡qi †Póv K‡i| G‡¶‡Î Zv‡ì we‡kl Uv‡M©U wQj †gvbv‡qg Lvb| msm` m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡qB wZwb gqgbwmsn †_‡K GK wee„wZ w`‡q ivRew›`‡ì Ô‡`k‡`ªvnx' wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì gyw³ bv †`qvi Rb¨ miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvbvb| Gi cÖwZev‡` QvÎ msm` Awa‡ek‡bi w`b wegvb e›`‡i †gvbv‡qg Lvb‡K bv‡Rnvj K‡i| †gvbv‡qg Lvb K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨B †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii ¯^v¯’¨gš¿x Ges `y'gv‡mi g‡a¨ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i n‡q QvÎ‡ì Ici e¨vcK `gb bxwZ Pvwj‡q Gi cÖwZ‡kva †bb|

Z…Zxq ce© t kixd Kwgkb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb

AvM÷ gvm †_‡K evlwÆi QvÎ Av‡›`vjb bZzb gvÎv jvf K‡i mgmvgwqK kixd Kwgk‡bi wk¶v msµvšÍ wi‡cvU©‡K †K›`ª K‡i| AvBqye Lvb ¶gZvq G‡m 1958 mv‡j AvjxMo wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖv³b wk¶K Gm.Gg. kixd‡K †Pqvig¨vb K‡i GKwU Kwgkb MVb K‡ib Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi cieZx© wk¶vbxwZ m¤ú‡K© GKwU cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib| 1959 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© miKv‡ii wbKU n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq Ges 1962 mv‡j Zv cÖKvwkZ nq| Kwgk‡bi wi‡cv‡U© cvwK¯Ív‡b lô †_‡K wWwMÖ ch©šÍ Bs‡iwR‡K eva¨Zvg~jK, D`y©‡K mve©Rbxb fvlvq iƒcvšÍi, D`y© I evsjv fvlvi m¤úK©‡K Av‡iv NwbôZi Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi cÖwZ we‡kl ¸iyZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv nq| Kwgkb cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKwU Awfbœ eY©gvjvi Rb¨ mycvwik K‡i Ges A‰eZwbK wk¶vi aviYv‡K AevšÍi e‡j †NvlYv K‡i|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


kixd Kwgk‡bi mycvwik Abyhvqx miKvi 1962 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi wk¶v welqK KZ¸‡jv wm×všÍI †NvlYv K‡i| h_vÑ

1. cÖwZwU ¯‹z‡j 60 kZvsk e¨q msM„nxZ n‡e QvÎ‡ì †eZb †_‡K evwK 20 kZvsk eë¯’vcbv KZ…©c¶ wbe©vn Ki‡e|

2. cvm †Kvm© I Abvm© †Kv‡m©i mgqMZ cv_©K¨ we‡jvc Kiv nq|

kixd Kwgk‡bi mycvwik I miKvwi wm×v‡šÍi weiy‡× c~e©evsjvi QvÎiv Z…Zxqev‡ii gZ AvBqye Lv‡bi weiy‡× Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| XvKv K‡jR †_‡K cÖ_‡g Av‡›`vjb ïiy n‡qwQj| Gici XvKv wek¦we`¨vjqmn †`‡ki †gwW‡Kj, ¯‹zj, K‡jR I Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi QvÎiv Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`q| 10 AvM÷ XvKv K‡j‡Ri K¨vw›U‡b ¯œvZK I D”P gva¨wgK †kªYxi QvÎiv GK mgv‡e‡k wgwjZ n‡q 15 AvM÷ †`ke¨vcx ag©NU Ges 10 †m‡Þ¤î mwPevj‡q Ae¯’vb ag©N‡Ui WvK †`q| 15 AvM÷ †`ke¨vcx ag©NU cvwjZ nq Ges Gw`b †_‡K 10 †m‡Þ¤î ch©šÍ XvKv wek¦we`¨vq Av‡›`vj‡bi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z cwiYZ nq| 10 AvM÷ c~e© cvwK¯Ívb miKvi 144 aviv Rvwi Ki‡j 17 †m‡Þ¤î niZv‡ji WvK †Ìqv nq| Gw`‡K 10 †m‡Þ¤î †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©‡K gyw³ cÖ`vb K‡i miKvi Zuvi gyw³cÖ`vb m¤ú‡K© KUv¶ Ki‡j 17 †m‡Þ¤î QvÎiv iv¯Ívq iv¯Ívq wc‡KwUs ïiy K‡i| Hw`b QvÎ‡ì m‡½ c~e©evsjvi eëmvqx mwgwZ, Kg©Pvix mwgwZ, wiKkv BDwbqb, kªwgK BDwbqb cÖf…wZ msMVb †hvM †`q| miKvi Av‡›`vjb K‡Vvi n‡¯Í `gb Kivi j‡¶ cywjk I †mbvevwnbx †gvZv‡qb K‡i| 17 †m‡Þ¤î XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q cywjkx wbh©vZ‡b K‡qKRb QvÎ wbnZ I AvnZ nq| Gw`b Kg©m~wP cvjb Ki‡Z wM‡q h‡kvi, PÆMÖvgmn wewfbœ RvqMvq cywj‡ki wbh©vZ‡b eû QvÎ AvnZ I †MÖdZvi nq| wZbw`b c~e©evsjvq e¨vcK QvÎ Afz¨Ìvb N‡U| NUbvi µg AebwZ j¶ K‡i knx` †mvnivIqv`x© c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i †Mvjvg dviy‡Ki mv‡_ K‡qK `dv êV‡K wgwjZ nb| ZuviB civg‡k© QvÎ Afz¨Ìv‡bi Z…Zxq w`‡bi g‡a¨ miKvi kixd wk¶v Kwgkb wi‡cvU© ev¯Íevqb ¯’wMZ †NvlYv K‡i| GKB m‡½ GK D™¢U wm×v‡šÍi gva¨‡g 1963 mv‡ji Rb¨ †h mKj QvÎ ¯œvZK cix¶v_x© wQj Zv‡ì cix¶v e¨ZxZ wWwMÖ cÖ`vb Kivi †NvlYv †Ìqv nq| Gi ga¨w`‡q QvÎ Av‡›`vjb µ‡g w¯ÍwgZ n‡q c‡o|

QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iyZ¡

c~e©evsjvi QvÎ Av‡›`vjb Z_v RvZxq Av‡›`vjb I RvZxq gyw³ AR©‡bi †¶‡Î 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iyZ¡ wQj my`~icÖmvix| G Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ djvdj wQj LyeB Zvrch©c~Y©|

cÖ_gZ, 1962 mv‡ji Av‡›`vjb QvÎ mgvR I QvÎ msMVbmg~‡ni Rb¨ AwfÁZvi Øvi Ly‡j †`q| ïaygvÎ wk¶v welqK e¨vcvi wb‡q GZ e¨vcK I wekvj QvÎ Av‡›`vjb M‡o DV‡Z c‡i Zv wQj QvÎ †bZ…e„‡›ì Rb¨ GKwU weivU wk¶v|

wØZxqZ, 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb G †`kevmxi g‡a¨ RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi Rb¥ †`q| Avi 1962-i QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡b G exR AsKzwiZ n‡q RvZxq †PZbvi m‡½ cÖMwZkxj avivi ù‚iY NUvq| mgMÖ †`‡k G Av‡›`vjb Amvgvb¨¯úkx© cÖv‡Yi †Rvqvi e‡q Av‡b|



Z…ZxqZ, G Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖZ¨¶ dj wn‡m‡e ejv hvq †h, AvBqye Lv‡bi gZ †jŠn gvbe QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi wbKU bwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i knx` †mvnivIqv`x©‡K gyw³`vb I 1962 mv‡ji †kl w`‡K kixd wk¶v Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© ev¯Íevqb ¯’wMZ Ki‡Z eva¨ nb|

PZz_©Z, AvBqye Lvb µgea©gvb QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi ev QvÎ‡ì †ivlvbj †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi j‡¶ webv cix¶vq QvÎ‡ì wWwMÖ cÖ`vb K‡ib|

cÂgZ, Ôwk¶v Av‡›`vjb' wn‡m‡e eûj cwiwPZ G Av‡›`vj‡bi ivR‰bwZK w`KI D‡c¶bxq bq| 1958 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi K‡i †h `gb-cxob I wewfbœ wbeZ©bg~jK I ivRbxwZwe`‡ì A‡K‡Rv Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ A‡hvM¨KiY Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi K‡ib Zv‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡b we‡klZ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b GK Pig ivR‰bwZK k~b¨Zvi m„wó nq| '62-i Av‡›`vjb G cwiKwíZ ivR‰bwZK k~b¨Zv‡K †f‡½ †MvUv cwi‡ek‡K Pv½v K‡i †Zv‡j|

lôZ, 1966 mv‡ji Qq`dv Av‡›`vjb '69-Gi e¨vcK MYAfz¨Ìvb I AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb, 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b evOvwj ivR‰bwZK GwjU‡ì wbi¼zk weRq Ges Ae‡k‡l 1971 mv‡ji ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g weRq AR©‡bi †¶‡Î 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vjb AwaKZi cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix NUbv| cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vjb Ges lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †kl bvMv` ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ mgb¦qK wn‡m‡e 1962 mv‡ji Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg|

me©‡k‡l, 1962 mv‡ji Av‡›`vj‡b Ges Zvi c~‡e© fvlv Av‡›`vjb I cieZx© ¯^vwaKvi I ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b hyMvšÍKvix f‚wgKv cvj‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z QvÎiv ¸iyZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb K‡i wb‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q|

mvims‡¶c

evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`‡qi †cÖ¶vc‡U 1962 mvj GKwU gvBj djK| AvBqye Lv‡bi mvgwiK kvmb, kvmbZš¿ I wk¶vbxwZi weiy‡× c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgvR †h ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zz‡jwQj ZviB avivevwnKZvq 1969 mv‡j e¨vcK QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L ˆ¯îkvmK AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb N‡U| 1962 mv‡ji Av‡›`vjb †_‡K AwR©Z AwfÁZvi mivmwi cÖ‡qvM NwU‡q QvÎ mgvR 1969 mv‡j AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb NUvq Ges 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡× Zv‡ì weRq‡K mywbwðZ K‡i| ZvB wk¶v, mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK „wó‡KvY †_‡K 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vjb LyeB Zvrch©c~Y©|

mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ: 1| W. †gvnv¤§` nvbbvb, evsjv‡`‡ki QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm, wØZxq LÛ, XvKv, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 1994| 2| Aveyj Kv‡kg, ÔevlwÆi wk¶v Av‡›`vjb t cÖK…wZ I cwiwa', BwZnvm mwgwZ cwÎKv, msL¨v 23-24, 1402-

1404|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ: mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b| 1| 1962 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b wek¦we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v wQjÑ (K) 3wU (L) 4wU

Gm Gm GBP Gj


(M) 5wU (N) 7wU| 2| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ZLb wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z QvÎmsL¨v wQjÑ (K) 7140 Rb (L) 7240 Rb (M) 9464 Rb (N) 7000 Rb| 3| 1947 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m c~e©evsjvq MwVZ bZzb QvÎ msMV‡bi bvgÑ (K) QvÎ †dWv‡ikb (L) cye© cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg QvÎjxM (M) QvÎ BDwbqb (N) c~e© cvwK¯Ívb MYZvwš¿K hyejxM| 4| 1960 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb kvmbZš¿ iPbvi Rb¨ †h Kwgkb MVb K‡ib Zvi bvgÑ (K) kixd Kwgkb (L) nvgy`yi ingvb Kwgkb (M) ey¨‡iv Ae b¨vkbvj wiKb÷ªvKkb (N) †gvwgb Kwgkb| 5| kixd Kwgk‡bi cÖavb Gm.Gg. kixd wQ‡jb GKRbÑ (K) wk¶K (L) wePvicwZ (M) ivRbxwZwe` (N) mwPe| 6| kixd Kwgk‡bi weiy‡× Av‡›`vjb cÖ_g ïiy nqÑ (K) XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q (L) XvKv K‡j‡R (M) KivwP wek¦we`¨vj‡q (N) RMbœv_ K‡j‡R| msw¶ß cÖkœ: 1| 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi ivR‰bwZK cUf‚wg ms‡¶‡c wjLyb| 2| 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ cÖ¯ÍzwZ Av‡jvPbv Kiyb| 3| kixd Kwgkb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb ms‡¶‡c ch©v‡jvPbv Kiyb| iPbvg~jK cÖkœ: 1| 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf‚wg e¨vL¨v Kiyb| G Av‡›`vj‡bi djvdj wK n‡qwQj?



1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy×

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ • 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • hy‡×i NUbvejx Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; • c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Gi cÖwZwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • 1966 mv‡ji DÌvwcZ 6 `dvi †cQ‡b hy‡×i cÖfve we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • AvBqye Lv‡bi cZ‡b Gi cÖfve Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

`w¶Y Gwkqvi `yB cÖwZØ›`¡x ivóª n‡”Q fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb| 1947 mv‡j ivóª `y'wUi m„wó nq Ges ZLb †_‡KB ïiy nq ci¯ú‡ii Ici AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| ivóª `y'wUi ga¨Kvi G cÖwZ‡hvwMZv eûevi cÖZ¨¶ hy‡× iƒc wb‡qwQj| cvwK¯Ívb I fvi‡Zi ga¨Kvi êix m¤ú‡K©i cÖavb j¶ Kvwk¥‡ii Ici AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôv Kiv| Kvwk¥i wb‡q cvK-fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ cÖ_g hy× msNwUZ nq 1947 mv‡j| †klch©šÍ RvwZms‡Ni n¯Í‡¶‡ci gva¨‡g G hy‡×i Aemvb N‡U| Kvwk¥i wb‡q cvK-fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ wØZxqevi hy× msNwUZ nq 1965 mv‡j| G hy× `xN©¯’vqx bv n‡jI Gi cÖfve ev djvdj wQj my`~icÖmvix|

K. hy‡×i KviY

1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i g~j KviY wQj cvwK¯Ívb KZ…©K fviZ kvwmZ Kvwk¥i AwaKvi I cvwK¯Ívb kvmbfz³ Kivi cÖ‡Póv| 1947 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡×i mgq fviZ gymwjg msL¨vMwiô Kvwk¥‡ii `yB-Z…Zxqvsk (R¤§y I Kvwk¥i) Ges cvwK¯Ívb GK-Z…Zxqvsk `Lj K‡i| hwÌ fviZ `vwe K‡i †h Kvwk¥‡ii gnvivRv nwi wms-Gi mv‡_ GKwU Pyw³i gva¨‡g AvBbMZfv‡e Kvwk¥i-Gi Ici Zvi KZ…©Z¡ cÖwZôv K‡iwQj|

cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg Aay¨wlZ AÂj wn‡m‡e mgMÖ Kvwk¥‡ii Ici AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| wKšÍz RvwZms‡Ni n¯Í‡¶‡c hy‡×i Aemvb N‡U Ges fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb Kvwk¥‡i wbR wbR AwaK…Z AÂ‡ji Ici KZ…©Z¡ jvf K‡i| e¯ÍzZc‡¶, ZLb †_‡KB cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ fviZ we‡Ølx g‡bvfve RvMÖZ nq| 1965 mv‡ji c~e© ch©šÍ cvwK¯Ívb G wel‡q A‡bKUv bxie _vK‡jI 1965 mv‡j mvgwiK kvmK AvBqye Lvb cybivq fviZ we‡ivax ivRbxwZ‡Z Zrci n‡q I‡Vb Ges fviZ AwaK…Z Kvwk¥‡ii Ici AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvi g‡š¿ D¾xweZ nb| KZ¸‡jv cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v AvBqye Lvb‡K 1965 mv‡j fvi‡Zi weiy‡× hy‡× wjß n‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡iwQ‡jv| KviY¸‡jv wb‡¤œ ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvwPZ n‡jvÑ

cvV-3

Gm Gm GBP Gj


1. AvBqye Lv‡bi fveg~wZ© D¾¡j Kiv: AvBqye Lvb g‡bcÖv‡Y GKRb `vw¤¢K †jvK wQ‡jb| ¶gZv jv‡fi ci wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡b kw³kvjx mvgwiK evwnbx M‡o †Zv‡jb| G mvgwiK kw³‡K eënvi K‡i wZwb wb‡Ri ¶gZv cvKv‡cv³ K‡i †Zv‡jb| AvBqye Lvb 1962 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b e¨vcK QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L weeªZKi Ae¯’vq c‡ob Ges †klch©šÍ QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi wbKU bwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi, ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›`‡K gyw³mn wk¶vmsµvšÍ cwiKíbv evwZj K‡ib| G‡Z Zuvi fveg~wZ© A‡bKUv Le© nq| GiciB AvBqye we‡ivax 9 `jxq d«›U Ôb¨vkbvj †W‡gv‡µwUK d«›U' (GbwWGd) MVb Ges MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì Av‡›`vj‡b AvBqy‡ei fveg~wZ© AviI ¶zbœ nq| GB d«‡›Ui Kvh©µg w¯ÍwgZ Ki‡Z d«‡›Ui Kvh©µ‡gi Ici K‡Vvi wewawb‡la Av‡ivc Kiv nq| 1964 mv‡j miKv‡ii c„ô‡cvlKZvq wn›`y-gymjgvb `v½v wenvwi-evOvwj `v½vq iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z mgq jv‡Mwb| `v½v we‡Ølx evOvwj‡ì ZrciZvq miKvi kw¼Z nq| Gi mv‡_ hy³ nq 1965 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi djvdj| wbe©vP‡b KviPywci gva¨‡g AvBqye Rqx nb| wKšÍz we‡ivax `jxq ÔKc' cÖv_x© dv‡Zgv wRbœvn c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye A‡c¶v cÖvq wØ¸Y †fv‡U Rqjvf K‡ib| GB wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›ì Kv‡Q cwi®‹vi n‡q I‡V †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g miKvwi cÖv_x©‡K civwRZ Kiv Am¤¢e| ZvB ivRbxwZweìv AvBqye-we‡ivax K‡Vvi Kg©m~wP †`qvi †Póv Pvjvb| Ab¨w`‡K AvBqye Lvb Zuvi e¨_©Zv XvKvi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi `„wó‡K Ab¨w`‡K mwi‡q †`qvi D‡Ï‡k Kvwk¥i Rq K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ eo ai‡bi K…wZZ¡ e‡q Avb‡Z m‡Pó nb|

2. Pxb-fviZ hy‡×i cÖfve: 1962 mv‡j Pxb-fviZ hy‡× fviZxq evwnbx civwRZ nq Ges Pxb fviZ kvwmZ Kvwk¥‡ii ÔAvKmvB' AÂj `Lj K‡i †bq| Px‡bi Kv‡Q fviZxq evwnbxi civRq cvwK¯Ívb‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i| AvBqye Lvb nVvr K‡i Zuvi fviZ bxwZ cwieZ©b K‡i c~‡e©i cÖwZØw›`¡Zvq wjß nb|

3. Avš—R©vwZK cÖfve: Pxb-fviZ hy‡×i ci cvwK¯Ívb Px‡bi mv‡_ ˆgÎx †RvU M‡o †Zv‡j| cvkvcvwk B‡›`v‡bwkqv I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi mv‡_I AvBqye Lv‡bi mym¤úK© M‡o I‡V| wbe©vP‡bi cici wZwb wcwKs I g‡¯‹v mdi K‡ib| Gme iv‡óªi mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZv cvIqvi Avk¦vm †c‡q AvBqye Lvb fvi‡Zi weiy‡× hy‡× wjß nIqvi cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib|

4. Kvwk¥i‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c fviZxq hy³iv‡óªi A½xf‚Z Kiv: 1964 mv‡j RInijvj †bniyi g„Zzï ci jvjevnv`yi kv¯¿x cÖavbgš¿x n‡q Kvwk¥‡ii e¨vcv‡i bZzb `„wóf½x MÖnY K‡ib| fviZxq msweav‡b Kvwk¥‡ii †h we‡kl ¯’vb wQj 1964 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i kv¯¿xi miKvi msweavb ms‡kvab K‡i Zv Zz‡j w`‡q Kvwk¥i‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c fviZxq hy³iv‡óªi A½xf‚Z K‡i †bq| Gi d‡j cvwK¯Ív‡b bZzb K‡i fviZ we‡ivax cÖwZwµqvi m„wó nq|

5. K‡”Qi hy‡× cvwK¯Ív‡bi weRq: fvi‡Zi ¸RivU I cvwK¯Ív‡bi wmÜz cÖ‡`‡ki mxgv‡šÍ Aew¯’Z mgy`ªZxieZx© K‡”Qi iv‡bi DËivsk cvwK¯Ívb `vwe Ki‡j fviZ Zvi m¤ú~Y©UvB wb‡Ri e‡j †NvlYv K‡i| G `vwe wb‡q 1965 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m cvwK¯Ívb I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ msNl© euv‡a Ges G msN‡l© cvwK¯ÍvbB †ewk mdjZv AR©b K‡i| G hy‡× weRq AvBqye Lv‡bi g‡bvej I AvKv•¶v eû¸‡Y evwo‡q †`q|

6. cvwK¯Ív‡bi †MŠie I AvqZb e„w×: Pxb-fviZ hy‡× fvi‡Zi civRq, K‡”Qi hy‡× cvwK¯Ív‡bi weRq Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi wekvj ˆmbëvwnbx AvBqye Lv‡bi g‡bvej e„w× K‡i| ZvB wZwb fviZ AwaK…Z Kvwk¥i AwaKv‡ii gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi AvqZb e„w× I †MŠie evov‡bvi j‡¶ AMÖmi nb| Avi G bxwZi cÖZ¨¶ cwiYwZ 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy×|



7. c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vwaK¨ bm¨vr Kiv: cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª RbmsL¨vi w`K †_‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ívb msL¨vMwiô AÂj wQj| d‡j 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY ¶gZvmxb gymwjg jxM‡K †kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ K‡iwQj| Gici msL¨vwa‡Kï `vwe‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii wbKU wewfbœ `vwe DÌvcb K‡i| AvBqye Lvb †P‡qwQ‡jb Kvwk¥i AwaKvi K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡Z cvi‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vwaK¨ bó n‡e| G ¯^cœ‡K ev¯ÍevwqZ Ki‡Z wM‡q AvBqye Lvb fvi‡Zi weiy‡× hy‡× wjß nb|

8. cvwK¯Ív‡bi mgmvgwqK ciivóªgš¿x I ciivóª mwP‡ei cÖfve: cvwK¯Ív‡bi ZrKvjxb ciivóªgš¿x †RW.G. fz‡Æv Ges ciivóª mwPe AvwRR Avng` cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK I A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© AwZwi³ AvZ¥wek¦vmx wQ‡jb| Zuviv fvi‡Zi weiy‡× `xN©¯’vqx hy‡× cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi kw³ I mvg_© m¤ú‡K© ivóªcÖavb AvBqye Lvb‡K fzj c‡_ cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Qb| 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i †cQ‡b Zv‡ì cÖfve ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jv|

L. hy‡×i NUbvewj

1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i KviY hvB _vKzK bv †Kb, cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ j¶ wQj hy‡× fviZ‡K c`vbZ K‡i fviZ kvwmZ Kvwk¥i AwaKvi Kiv Ges Zv cvwK¯Ívb ivóªfz³ Kiv| G j¶ mvg‡b wb‡q cvwK¯Ívb AMÖmi nq| Kvwk¥ix †bZv †kL Avãyjøvn&i †MÖdZv‡ii cÖwZwµqvq fviZ-wbqwš¿Z Kvwk¥‡i D‡ËRbv Qwo‡q co‡j cvwK¯Ívb fvi‡Z AbycÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM cvq| fz‡Ævi cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK Kvwk¥‡i mk¯¿ †Mwijv AbycÖ‡ek NUv‡bv ïiy nq 1965 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡mi †kl w`‡K| 9 AvM÷ R¤§y I Kvwk¥i wecøex cwil` MVb K‡i AbycÖ‡ekKvixiv cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡ì mnvqZvq fviZ wbqwš¿Z GjvKvq wnsmvZ¥K ZrciZv ïiy K‡i †`q| e¨vcK ¸wj, AwMœms‡hvM Ges wewfbœ bvkKZvg~jK KvR Pj‡Z _vK‡j cvwK¯Ívwb cÖPvih‡š¿ G‡K fviZxq kvm‡bi weiy‡× Kvwk¥ix RbM‡Yi we‡`ªvn e‡j cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡K| mg¯Í AvM÷ gvm a‡i cvK †mbviv wbqš¿Y †iLv eivei AvµgY Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l 6 †m‡Þ¤î cvwK¯Ívb evwnbx Kvwk¥‡ii fviZxq Ask AvµgY Ki‡j me©vZ¥K hy× ïiy nq| hy‡×i cÖ_g †_‡KB fviZxq evwnbx cÖvavb¨ eRvq ivL‡Z ïiy K‡i| fviZxq ˆmbïv AvšÍR©vwZK mxgvšÍ AwZµg K‡i jv‡nvi kn‡ii w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K| cvwK¯Ívwbiv Kvwk¥i mxgv‡šÍi Qvgi †m±‡i mvdj¨ jvf Ki‡jI Ab¨Î civwRZ n‡Z _v‡K|

cvwK¯Ív‡bi G‡nb Pig `yw`©‡b c~e© cvwK¯ÍvwbivB Pig mvnwmKZvi mv‡_ hy× K‡i jv‡nvi kni i¶v K‡iwQj| Gw`‡K hy‡× cvwK¯Ív‡bi †kvPbxq Ae¯’v Abyfe Ki‡Z †c‡i †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb I cvðvZ¨ kw³ Df‡qB hy× eÜ Ki‡Z AvMÖnx nq| Zv‡ì †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M RvwZms‡Ni K‡Vvi ûwkqvixi wfwË‡Z gvÎ m‡Zi w`‡bi gv_vq 23 †m‡Þ¤î hy× eÜ Kiv nq| Gi K‡qK gvm ci 1966 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi †mvwf‡qZ cÖavbgš¿x Av‡j‡·B †KvwmwM‡bi ga¨¯’Zvq ZvmL›` kn‡i fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ GK Pyw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nq| ZvmL›` Pyw³i gva¨‡g cvK-fviZ hy‡×i Aemvb N‡U| wKšÍz G Pyw³i bqwU avivi †KvbwU‡ZB Kvwk¥i mgm¨vi D‡jøL gvÎ wQj bv|

M. c~e© cvwK Ív‡b cÖwZwµqv

Gm Gm GBP Gj


cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi b¨vq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bI cvK-fviZ hy‡×i weiƒc cÖwZwµqv †`Lv w`‡qwQj| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x gnj¸‡jv ZvmL›` Pyw³‡K ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q hy× I mv¤úª`vwqKZvi cwie‡Z© Kvwk¥i mgm¨vi kvwšÍc~Y© mgvav‡bi Ici †Rvi †`b| e¯ÍzZc‡¶ G AÂ‡ji gvbyl cvK-fviZ hy×‡K AvBqye Lv‡bi nVKvwiZv e‡j AvL¨v w`‡qwQj| cvK-fviZ hy‡×i ci G AÂ‡j AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b GK bZzb gvÎv †hvM nq| Gi KviY n‡”Q hy‡×i mgq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K m¤ú~Y© Aiw¶Z Ae¯’vq †d‡j ivLv n‡qwQj| fviZ B‡”Q Ki‡j †h †Kvb gyû‡Z© c~e© cvwK¯Ívb `Lj K‡i wb‡Z cviZ| c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb RIqvbiv Rxeb evwR †i‡L cvÄv‡ei jv‡nvi kni i¶v Ki‡jI cvK miKvi c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi b~¨bZg wbivcËvi wbðqZv w`‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvQvov hy‡×i mgq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cwðg cvwK¯Ívbmn †MvUv c„w_ex †_‡K m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ wQj, Lv`¨`ªe¨mn wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmc‡Îi `vg †e‡o hvq| d‡j mvgwiK I A_©‰bwZK ciwbf©iZvmn c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvwe©K AmnvqZ¡ mKj evOvwji †Pv‡L cÖKU n‡q †`Lv †`q| GKB mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi bv‡g I mv¤úª`vwqK Avei‡Y c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiy‡× cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi wPivPwiZ mvs¯‹…wZK AvMÖvmb hy‡×i mgq †_‡K bMœ AvKvi aviY K‡i| iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Ôwn›`y' wQ‡jb e‡j Zuvi Mvb cvwK¯Ívwb †eZv‡i m¤ú~Y© wbwl× †NvwlZ nq| bRiyj Bmjvg‡K mv¤úª`vwqK wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Kivi ciI Zuvi Bmjvgx Mvb¸‡jv †_‡K Ôwn›`yqvwb' kãmg~n ev` w`‡q cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡e welqwU Ggbfv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq †h, 1965 mv‡ji hy× evn¨Z fvi‡Zi weiy‡× n‡jI hyMcr Zv wQj c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiy‡×I| cieZx© †cÖ¶vcU `„‡ó g‡b nq AvBqye Lvb fvi‡Zi weiy‡× e¨_© n‡q Kvwk¥‡ii cwie‡Z© Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ívb' R‡qi †bkvq gË n‡jb|

N. Qq `dv `vwe DÌvc‡bi †cQ‡b cvK-fviZ hy‡×i (1965) cÖfve

1966 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi gv‡m cvwK¯Ív‡bi AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ…©K Qq `dv `vwe DÌvc‡bi †cQ‡b cvK-fviZ hy‡×i cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve KvR K‡iwQj| Qq `dv `vwei g~j Bmy¨ cvwK¯Ív‡bi `y' AÂ‡ji A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK I mvgwiK êlg¨ n‡jI 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡×i mgq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K wbivcËvnxbZvq ivLv, A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZKfv‡e cy‡iv wek¦ †_‡K wew”Qbœ ivLv cÖf…wZ KviY ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj| GRb¨ Qq `dvq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ AvÂwjK ¯^vqËkvmbmn G AÂ‡ji ¯’vbxq wbivcËvi Rb¨ GKwU AvavmvgwiK evwnbx MV‡bi `vwe Rvbv‡bv nq| GB `vwe¸‡jv evOvwji cÖv‡Yi `vwe‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z mgq jv‡Mwb| wR. WweøD. †PŠayixi g‡Z, GB hy× GK ALÛ cvwK¯Ívb aviYvi cÖwZ me©‡kl AvNvZ¯îƒc wQj|

O. Qq`dv wfwËK Av‡›`vjb †_‡K MYAv‡›`vjb I AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb

AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingvb Qq `dv `vwe DÌvcb Ki‡j m`¨ cvK-fviZ hy‡× civwRZ AvBqye Lv‡bi gv_vq webv †g‡N eRªcvZ N‡U| d‡j AvBqye Kvwk¥i weR‡qi e¨_©Zvi †¶vf Kovq-MÛvq evOvwji Ici Av`vq Ki‡Z D`¨Z nb Ges AvMiZjv gvgjvq †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K cÖavb Avmvgx K‡i evOvwj †bZv‡ì weiy‡× wg_¨v gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i KvivMv‡i wb‡¶c K‡ib| 1968 mv‡j †`ke¨vcx ÔDbœq‡bi GK `kK' bv‡g AvBqye Lv‡bi kvm‡bi GK e¨vcK cÖPviYv ïiy n‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl `y'AÂ‡ji e¨vcK êlg¨ Ges eëav‡bi †h wPÎ †`L‡Z cvq Zvi d‡j Zv‡ì g‡a¨



Zxeª †µva m„wó nq| d‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi QvÎ-RbZv AvBqye Lv‡bi weiy‡× GK `ye©vi MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j Ges G Av‡›`vj‡b Ae‡k‡l 1969 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi gv‡m AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb N‡U|

mvims‡¶c

1965 mv‡j fviZ‡K civwRZ K‡i Kvwk¥i weRq msµvšÍ AvBqye Lv‡bi cwiKíbv wQj GKwU AjxK ¯^cœ| e¯ÍzZc‡¶ AvBqye wb‡Ri `vw¤¢KZv cÖKv‡ki j‡¶ cÖwZc¶‡K we‡ePbv bv K‡i G hy‡× wjß nb| Avi G hy‡× civwRZ n‡q wZwb wbR †`kmn ewnwe©‡k¦I wbw›`Z n‡q‡Qb| Acic‡¶, cvK-fviZ hy‡× civwRZ n‡q AvBqye Lvb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ cÖwZ‡kva civqb nb| Ae¯’v GgbB cÖgvwYZ n‡jv †h, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Kvi‡Y AvBqye Lvb civwRZ n‡q‡Qb| GUv wQj AvBqye Lv‡bi GKwU gvivZ¥K fzj wm×všÍ| Ae‡k‡l c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ Zuvi Giƒc êwifve G AÂ‡ji ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡K Av‡iv hyw³hy³ K‡i †Zv‡j Ges †klch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwei Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L ¶gZv Qvo‡Z eva¨ nb| ZvB ejv hvq, 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy× c‡iv¶fv‡e AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb‡K mywbwðZ K‡iwQj|

mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ: 1| wR.WweøD. †PŠayix, ALÛ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †kl w`b¸‡jv, XvKv, nK K_v cÖKvkbx, 1991| 2| KvgiyÏxb Avng`, ¯^vaxb evsjvi Afz¨`q Ges AZtci, XvKv, bI‡ivR wKZvwe Ívb, 1982|


1| 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy× ¯’vqx nqÑ (K) 13 w`b (L) 17 w`b (M) 21 w`b (N) 27 w`b| 2| 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i Aemvb N‡U †h Pyw³i gva¨‡g Zvi bvgÑ (K) wmgjv Pyw³ (L) w`wjø Pyw³ (M) ZvmL›` Pyw³ (N) jv‡nvi Pyw³| msw¶ß cÖkœ: 1| 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡×i NUbvewj wjLyb| 2| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye Lv‡bi cZ‡bi Rb¨ ZvmL›` Pyw³ wK cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡iwQj wjLyb| 3| 6 `dv `vwe DÌvc‡bi †cQ‡b GB hy‡×i wK †Kvb cÖfve wQj?

Gm Gm GBP Gj


iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:

1| 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i KviY¸‡jv eY©bv Kiyb|

2| 1965 mv‡ji hy‡×i NUbvewj Av‡jvPbv Kiyb| 1966 mv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi DÌvwcZ 6 `dv cÖYqb mn c~e©e‡½ GB hy‡×i cÖfve wek`fv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiyb|



Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ 6 `dvi cUf‚wg Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; 6 `dvi iƒc‡iLv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; 6 `dvi miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZwµqv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; 6 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi weKvk m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡eb; 6 `dvi ¸iyZ¡ Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; 6 `dv cvwK¯Ív‡bi H‡Kï cÖwZ ûgwK ¯îƒc wQj wKbv Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

cvwK¯Ívwb Af¨œZixY Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb I †kvlY †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K gy³ Kivi j‡¶ AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ †kL gywReyi ingvb 1966 mv‡j jv‡nv‡i AbywôZ we‡ivax `‡ji m‡¤§jb PjvKv‡j HwZnvwmK Qq `dv Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡ib| ¯^vqËkvm‡bi c‡¶ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvby‡li c~e©eZx© AvVvi eQ‡ii msMÖv‡gi cUf‚wg‡Z H †NvlYv wQj cvwK¯Ívb ivóªKvVv‡gvi Aax‡b evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi cÖwZôvi m‡e©v”P `vwe| 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i ev¯Íe AwfÁZv Ges mvgwiK eë¯’vq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K Pig Ae‡njvi d‡j evsjvi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡K Av‡iv Zxeª K‡i †Zv‡j| ZvmL›` Pyw³ †NvlYvi ci hLb cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKP‡µi g‡a¨ Ø›`¡ ïiy nq ZLbB †kL gywReyi ingvb Zuvi Qq `dv cÖ¯Íve †NvlYv K‡ib| Qq `dv Kg©m~wP cÖPvwiZ nIqvi ciciB c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b e¨vcK mvov c‡o hvq Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY e¨vcKfv‡e G Kg©m~wP mg_©b K‡ib| ivóªweÁvbx iIbK Rvnvb h_v_©B e‡jb, 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb ¶Y¯’vqx n‡jI Zv evOvwji ivRbxwZi †¶‡Î e¨vcK cwieZ©b NUvq Ges cieZx©Kv‡ji ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡bi MwZ-cÖK…wZ wba©viY K‡i| e¯ÍzZ, 1966 cieZx© c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Z_v eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vqËkvmbwfwËK Av‡›`vjb, '70-Gi wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weRq Z_v 1971 mv‡ji ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi †cQ‡b Drmvn hywM‡qwQj Qq `dvwfwËK ¯ú„nv|

K. Qq `dvi cUf‚wg

Qq `dv `vwe DÌvcb cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi BwZnv‡m †Kvb wew”Qbœ NUbv bq| e¯ÍzZc‡¶, 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi m„wói ci †_‡K c~e©vÂ‡ji cÖwZ †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Jcwb‡ewkK g‡bvfve Z_v G AÂ‡ji ivRbxwZwe`‡ì Aeg~j¨vqb, A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î êlg¨bxwZ AbymiY, mvgwiK w`K †_‡K ¸iyZ¡ bv †Ìqv cÖf…wZ Qq `dv `vwe‡K hyw³hy³ K‡i Zz‡jwQj| ZvB Qq `dv `vwe DÌvc‡bi †cQ‡b GKUv Zvrch©c~Y© cUf‚wg i‡q‡Q|

1. ivR‰bwZK cUf‚wg: HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei d‡j cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¥ n‡jI c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K KL‡bvB jv‡nvi cÖ¯ÍvewfwËK ¯^vqËkvmbvwaKvi †Ìqv nqwb| 1947 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡b

cvV-4

Gm Gm GBP Gj


cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¨ cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj miKvi cÖwZôv I MYgyLx msweavb cÖYq‡bi K_v ejv n‡jI cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g miKvi MVb I msweavb cÖYqb Ki‡Z GK `kK AwZevwnZ n‡q hvq| ZvQvov 1954 mv‡j hy³d«›U wbe©vP‡b Rqx n‡q RbcÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj miKvi MVb Ki‡jI cwðgv ¯^v_©v‡b¦lx gn‡ji Pµv‡šÍ hy³d«›U miKvi mdj n‡Z cv‡iwb| 1958 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivRbxwZK‡ì †gŠwjK AwaKvi niY K‡ib| 1959 mv‡j Ô‡gŠwjK MYZš¿' bvgK AMYZvwš¿K eë¯’v Pvjy K‡i evsjvi gvby‡li †fvUvwaKvi niY K‡i 1960 I 1965 mv‡j wbe©vP‡bi bv‡g cÖnmb Kv‡qg K‡ib| Gfv‡e cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói ci †_‡K 1966 mvj Z_v ¯^vaxbZvi c~e© ch©šÍ cvwK¯Ív‡b †Kvb RbcÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj miKvi cÖwZwôZ n‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB G ch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ici mKj cwiKíbv ev wm×všÍ g~jZ †K›`ª †_‡K Pvwc‡q †Ìqv n‡Zv| GQvov 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy×Kv‡j `xN©w`b †K‡›`ªi mv‡_ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †hvMv‡hvM wew”Qbœ n‡q hvq Ges mvgwiK w`K †_‡K c~e©vÂj G‡Kev‡i Aiw¶Z n‡q c‡o| Riywi Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ †bIqvi gZ ¶gZv c~e© cvwK¯Ívb KZ…©c‡¶i wQj bv| Ggwb Ae¯’vi †cÖw¶‡Z †kL gywReyi ingvb HwZnvwmK 6 `dv `vwe DÌvc‡bi gva¨‡g c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ ¯^vqËkvmbvwaKvi `vwe K‡ib|

W. cÖxwZKzgvi wgÎ G‡¶‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY I ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›ì ga¨Kvi MYZvwš¿K I RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai weKv‡ki cÖwZ ¸iyZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| W. cÖxwZKzgvi wgÎ Zuvi Ôevsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm 1958-1966' kxl©K cÖe‡Ü wj‡L‡Qb †h, 1947-Gi ci †_‡K cvwK¯Ív‡b GKvwaK we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `j I Zv‡ì Abymvix QvÎ msMVb M‡o I‡V| Gi d‡j GKw`‡K †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii wbqš¿Y I Aciw`‡K ivR‰bwZK `j Ges QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi Av‡›`vjb †`kevmx‡K Zv‡ì AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb K‡i †Zv‡j| GiB †cÖ¶vc‡U †kL gywReyi ingvb Zuvi 6 `dv `vwe DÌvcb K‡ib|

2. cÖkvmwbK cUf‚wg: cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmbeë¯’vq iv‡óªi cÖ_g †kªYxi kxl©¯’vbxq Kg©KZ©v †_‡K ïiy K‡i PZz_© †kªYxi Kg©Pvix ch©šÍ mKj ¯Í‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì AskMÖnY wQj wbZvšÍB bMY¨ msL¨K| cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q cÖkvmwbK †¶‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì wb‡qvM Kiv nqwb| cvwK¯Ívwb ivóªweÁvbx nvmvb AvkKvix wiRwf GKwU cwimsL¨v‡bi wfwË‡Z †`wL‡q‡Qb AvBqye Avg‡j †gvU 62 Rb gš¿xi g‡a¨ gvÎ 22Rb wQ‡jb evOvwj gš¿x| GB 22 R‡bi g‡a¨ KvD‡K †Kvb ¸iyZ¡c~Y© gš¿Yvj‡qi `vwqZ¡ †Ìqv nqwb| d‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb m¤ú‡K© †h †Kvb cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi †¶‡Î ¯’vbxq‡ì †Zgb †Kvb f‚wgKv _vK‡Zv bv| GRb¨B 6 `dvq ¯^vqËkvmbvwaKvi I †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii mxwgZ ¶gZv Ges AvÂwjK miKv‡ii ¶gZv e„w×i `vwe DÌvwcZ n‡qwQj|

3. A_©‰bwZK cUf‚wg: cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi DrcwË †_‡KB c~e© cvwK¯Ívb A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î cwiKwíZfv‡e †kvwlZ I ewÂZ n‡Z _v‡K| e¨vsK, exgv I Ab¨vb¨ Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi †nW Awdm cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b Aew¯’Z nIqvq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi AwR©Z Avq ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB cwð‡g P‡j †h‡Zv| Avevi PvKwii †¶‡Î cwðg cvwK¯Ívwbiv msL¨vwaK¨ _vKvq G mg¯Í Avq g~jZ: ZvivB †fvM Ki‡Zv| 1961 mv‡j me©cÖ_g †K›`ªxq ivR¯^ Avq-e¨‡q `yB cÖ‡`‡ki Ae`vb wb‡q GKwU mgx¶vq †`Lv hvq †h, †K›`ªxq ivR¯^ Av‡q c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ae`vb 22% Ges PjwZ e¨‡q †m wnm¨v nj 12%| wKšÍz G wnmveI h_v_© bq| KviY, c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì Avg`vwb I AvqKi ïé cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b Rgv w`‡Z n‡Zv| Avevi ißvwb evwY‡Rï †¶‡Î 1960 mvj ch©šÍ †gvU Av‡qi 60% Av‡m c~e©vÂj †_‡K| wKšÍz Av‡qi †¶‡Î cye© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ae`vb †ewk n‡jI †fvM I Dbœqb e¨‡q G AÂ‡ji †jvKRb Zv‡ì b¨vh¨ Ask †c‡Zv



bv| cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvq c~e©vÂ‡ji Dbœq‡b gv_vwcQy e¨‡qi cwigvY wQj 80 UvKv Avi cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b wQj 205 UvKv| wØZxq cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvq êlg¨ Kgv‡bvi c`‡¶c †bIqv n‡j c~e©vÂ‡j gv_vwcQy e¨q n‡qwQj 190 UvKv cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 292 UvKv|

1960-61 †_‡K 1964-65 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨q n‡qwQj 970 †KvwU UvKv Avi cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 2,150 †KvwU UvKv| A_P Av‡qi †¶‡Î `yB cÖ‡`‡ki wPÎ wQj m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| ewne©vwY‡R¨ cÖ_g `k eQ‡i cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b †hLv‡b 407.6 †KvwU UvKvi FbvZ¥K fvimvg¨ wQj, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †mLv‡b 868 †KvwU UvKv FbvZ¥K fvimvg¨ eRvq iv‡L|

†K›`ªxq miKv‡ii †UªRvwi‡Z cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Zzjbvq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb 200 †KvwU UvKvi †ewk ê‡`wkK gy`ªv Rgv †`q| A_P †K›`ªxq miKvi G mgq cÖwZ eQi cÖvq 40 †KvwU UvKvi we‡`kx `ªe¨ Avg`vwbi †¶‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K ewÂZ K‡i|

cwðgvÂ‡ji ê‡`wkK F‡Yi †evSv †gUv‡bv n‡Zv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi FbvZ¥K Avq †_‡K| GQvov c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K m¤ú` bvbv Dcv‡q cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b cvPvi n‡q †h‡Zv| 1956 mv‡ji c~‡e© cÖwZ eQi RvZxq Av‡qi 2% c~e©vÂj †_‡K cwðgvÂ‡j cvPvi n‡Zv| Giƒc êlg¨ bxwZ I †kvl‡Yi †cÖ¶vc‡U †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ…©K 6 `dv DÌvwcZ nq|

4. mvgwiK cUf‚wg: 6 `dv DÌvc‡bi mvgwiK †cÖ¶vcU wQj AZ¨šÍ ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi mvgwiK, †bŠ Ges wegvb evwnbxi mì `ßi wQj cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b| RvZxq wbivcËv evwnbx‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì AskMÖnY wQj ¯^ímsL¨K| me‡P‡q ¯úk©KvZi welq n‡”Q 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy×Kv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb mvgwiKfv‡e cÖvq Aiw¶Z wQj| m¤¢ve¨ fviZ AvµgY cÖwZnZ Kivi g‡Zv †Kvb kw³ c~e©vÂ‡ji wQj bv| ZvB 6 `dvq AvÂwjK AvavmvgwiK evwnbx MV‡bi `vwe DÌvwcZ nq|

Giƒc ivR‰bwZK, cÖkvmwbK, A_©‰bwZK I mvgwiK †cÖ¶vc‡U AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ †kL gywReyi ingvb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vwaKvi I ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe m¤^wjZ HwZnvwmK 6 `dv `vwe cÖYqb K‡ib Ges 1966 mv‡ji 13 †deªyqvwi jv‡nv‡i cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq Kbdv‡i‡Ý DÌvc‡bi †Póv K‡ib| Hw`b 6 `dv `vwe DÌvc‡b e¨_© n‡q †kL gywReyi ingvb mvsevw`K m‡¤§j‡b Zuvi 6 `dv cÖPvi K‡ib Ges †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb| 21 †deªyqvwi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwU‡Z AvbyôvwbKfv‡e 6 `dv DÌvwcZ n‡j m‡½ m‡½ Zv M„nxZ nq|

L. Qq `dvi iƒc‡iLv

1g `dv t kvmbZvwš¿K KvVv‡gv I ivóªxq cÖK…wZ: HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei wfwË‡Z kvmbZš¿ cÖYqbc~e©K cvwK¯Ívb‡K GKwU mwZ¨Kvi hy³ivóª wn‡m‡e MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| GB hy³iv‡óªi miKvi n‡e cvj©v‡g›Uvwi c×wZi| cÖvßeq¯‹‡ì mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii wfwË‡Z wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa wb‡q MwVZ †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK AvBb mfv¸‡jv n‡e mve©‡fŠg|

2q `dv t †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii ¶gZv: hy³ivóª (†K›`ªxq) miKv‡ii nv‡Z _vK‡e †`ki¶v I ciivóªbxwZ| Aewkó mKj welq A½ivR¨mg~‡ni nv‡Z _vK‡e|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


3q `dv t gy`ªv I A_© eë¯’v: G `dvq †`‡ki gy`ªv eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© `y'wU weKí cÖ¯Íve MÖnY Kiv nqÑ

K. †`‡ki `y'AÂ‡ji Rb¨ mn‡R wewbgq‡hvM¨ `y'wU gy`ªv Pvjy _vK‡e| G eë¯’vq gy`ªvi †jb‡`b wnmve ivLvi Rb¨ `y'AÂ‡j `y'wU ¯^Zš¿ †÷U e¨vsK _vK‡e Ges gy`ªv I e¨vsK cwiPvjbvi ¶gZv _vK‡e AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z| A_evÑ

L. `y'AÂ‡ji Rb¨ GKB gy`ªv _vK‡e, Z‡e kvmbZ‡š¿ Ggb eë¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z GK AÂj †_‡K gy`ªv I g~jab Ab¨ AÂ‡j cvPvi n‡Z bv cv‡i| G eë¯’vq cvwK¯Ív‡b GKwU †dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨vsK _vK‡e Ges `y'AÂ‡ji Rb¨ `y'wU c„_K wiRvf© e¨vsK _vK‡e|

4_© `dv t ivR¯^, Ki I ïé welqK ¶gZv: mKj cÖKvi U¨v·, LvRbv I Ki avh© Ges Av`v‡qi ¶gZv _vK‡e AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z| AvÂwjK miKv‡ii Av`vqK…Z A‡_©i GKwU wbw`©ó Ask m‡½ m‡½ †dWv‡ij Znwe‡j Rgv n‡e| kvmbZ‡š¿ G e¨vcv‡i wiRvf© e¨vsKmg~‡ni Ici weavb _vK‡e|

5g `dv t ê‡`wkK gy`ªv I ê‡`wkK evwYR¨: ê‡`wkK gy`ªv I ê‡`wkK evwY‡Rï †¶‡Î cÖ‡`k¸‡jvi nv‡Z c~Y© wbqš¿Y ¶gZv _vK‡e| ê‡`wkK evwYR¨ I mvnv‡hï e¨vcv‡i cÖ‡`k¸‡jv hyw³hy³ nv‡i hy³ivóª miKv‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq ê‡`wkK gy`ªvi Pvwn`v wgUv‡e|

6ô `dv t cÖwZi¶v: AvÂwjK msnwZ I RvZxq wbivcËv i¶vi Kvh©Ki eë¯’v wn‡m‡e cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡K wbR¯^ KZ…©Z¡vax‡b AvavmvgwiK evwnbx ev AvÂwjK †mbvevwnbx MVb I cwiPvjbv Kivi ¶gZv †Ìqv n‡e|

M. Qq `dvi cÖwZwµqv

Qq `dv cÖKvwkZ nevi ci Gi cÖwZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¶gZvmxb miKvi I Bmjvgcš’x we‡ivax `j¸‡jv wbR wbR Ae¯’vb †_‡K Zv‡ì cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i| h_vÑ

1. miKvwi cÖwZwµqv: Qq `dvi cÖwZ cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii cÖwZwµqv wQj †bwZevPK I K‡Vvi| jv‡nv‡i Qq `dv DÌvwcZ nevi ciw`bB cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÎ-cwÎKvq †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K wew”QbœZvev`x AvL¨v †Ìqv nq| 14 †deªyqvwi (1966) KivwP‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi AvBb I msm`xq gš¿x Avãyj nvB †PŠayix Qq `dv‡K ivóª‡`ªvnx ZrciZv e‡j AvL¨v †`b| GKBfv‡e †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb Qq `dv‡K Ôwn›`y AvwacZ¨vaxb hy³evsjv MV‡bi lohš¿' e‡j AvL¨v †`b Ges Qq `dv mg_©K‡ì Ô†Mvj‡hvM m„wóKvix' AvL¨v w`‡q Zv‡ì D‡”Q`K‡í cÖ‡qvR‡b A‡¯¿i fvlv eënv‡ii ûgwK †`b| Aciw`‡K Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb †Rvi`vi n‡Z †`‡L AvBqye Lvb Qq `dvi cÖ‡YZv †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K †MÖdZvimn eû Av‡›`vjbKvix‡K Kviviy× K‡ib|

2. cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖvq me `jB 6 `dvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i| KvDwÝj gymjxg jxM G‡K Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi `vwe' wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i| wcwcwc cÖavb †R.G. fz‡Æv G‡K †`k wefv‡Mi dgy©jv AvL¨v w`‡q Gi weiy‡× †Rnv` †NvlYv K‡ib| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx 6 `dv‡K wew”QbœZvi j‡¶



cwiPvwjZ `vwe e‡j AvL¨v †`q| †bRv‡g Bmjvgx GB Kg©m~wP‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i †kL gywRe‡K GKbvqK Kvq`vq wm×všÍ †bqvi Rb¨ mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| mKj ag©wfwËK `‡ji Awfbœ e³e¨ wQj, 6 `dv Bmjvg a‡g©i Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K wecbœ Ki‡e|

Z‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ívb wfwËK `j¸‡jvi cÖwZwµqv wQj A‡c¶vK…Z g„`y| b¨vc (fvmvbx) Aek¨ Gi weiy‡× cÖ_g †_‡KB †mv”Pvi wQj| gIjvbv fvmvbx Qq `dv‡K cwðgv mvgªvRëv`x cÖwZwµqvi Ask wn‡m‡e eY©bv K‡i G‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e Am¤ú~Y© e‡j cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| †Kvb †Kvb b¨vc †bZv G‡K wmAvBG'i cwiKíbv e‡j AvL¨v †`b| 1966 mv‡j cvwU©i IqvwK©s KwgwUi êV‡K b¨vc 6 `dvi cvëv 14 `dv wfwËK Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡i| cÖK…Zc‡¶ AvBqy‡ei ˆPwbK bxwZi Kvi‡Y b¨vc Zv‡K mg_©b Kivq ¯^vqËkvmb cÖ‡kœ fvmvbx cðv`c` bxwZ AbymiY K‡ib|

AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Af¨šÍ‡iI GKwU Ask GB Kg©m~wPi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| we‡kl K‡i `‡ji cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb †bZv‡ì g‡a¨ beveRv`v bmiyjøvn Lvb Gi weiy‡× mgv‡jvPbv K‡i AvIqvgx jxM Z¨vM K‡ib| d‡j 6`dv‡K †K›`ª K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ívwbiv Kg©m~wPi mg_©b I cwðg cvwK¯Ívwbiv we‡ivwaZv Kivq AvIqvgx jx‡M AÂjwfwËK fv½‡bi m~ÎcvZ N‡U| Ave`ym mvjvg Lv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¶z`ª GKwU AskI 6 `dvi weiy‡× wQ‡jb|

N. Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi weKvk

AvIqvgx jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwU‡Z 6 `dv cvk nevi ci †kL gywReyi ingvb Qq `dvi mc‡¶ RbgZ M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶ wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Rbmfvq e³…Zv K‡i †eovb Ges Qq `dv Zy‡j a‡ib| wZwb Qq `dv‡K ÔAvgv‡ì euvPvi `vwe' AvL¨v †`b| †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi AvnŸv‡b 6 `dvi c‡¶ `ªyZ e¨vcK RbgZ M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K|

Gw`‡K 6 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb †Rvi`vi n‡Z †`‡L †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb 1966 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb md‡i Av‡mb Ges wewfbœ Rbmfvq 6 `dv‡K lohš¿g~jK ivóª‡`ªvnx I cvwK¯Ívb fv½vi `wjj e‡j AvL¨v w`‡Z _v‡Kb| miKvi Ges cÖwZwµqvkxj `j¸‡jvi KU~w³ m‡Ë¡I c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv AR©b Ki‡Z _vK‡j cvwK¯Ívb miKvi Av‡›`vjbKvix‡ì Ici K‡Vvi wbh©vZb Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywRemn Av‡iv A‡bK †bZv-Kg©x‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| wbh©vZb I †MÖdZv‡ii cÖwZev‡` 1966 mv‡ji 7 Ryb †`ke¨vcx niZvj AvnŸvb Kiv nq| Hw`‡K wgwQ‡j cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z XvKv, bvivqYMÄmn †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b eû †jvK cÖvY nvivq| 1966 mv‡j 7 Ry‡bi i³¯œvZ Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨w`‡qB Qq `dvi cÖwZ c~e©evsjvi RbM‡Yi Zzjbvnxb mg_©b cÖgvwYZ nq| miKv‡ii cÖwZ RbM‡Yi N„Yv ZxeªZi nq|

7 Ry‡bi NUbvi cÖwZev‡` 8 Ryb cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq cwil‡ì mfv †_‡K we‡ivax`j IqvK AvDU K‡i Ges GKB w`b cÖv‡`wkK cwil` †_‡K we‡ivax `j I ¯^Zš¿ `‡ji m`m¨MY IqvK AvDU K‡ib| 13 Ryb †_‡K Avevi ïiy nq †MÖdZvwi Kvh©µg| 15 Ryb B‡ËdvK-Gi m¤úv`K Zdv¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgqv‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq Ges 16 Ryb B‡ËdvK, XvKv UvBgm I wbD †bkb wcÖw›Us †cÖm wbwl× †NvwlZ nq| c‡ii eQi iex›`ª m½xZ I cqjv êkvL D`&hvcb wbwl× †NvwlZ nq Ges Aviwe ni‡d evsjv †jLvi †NvlYv †Ìqv nq| miKv‡ii Gme nUKvix †NvlYvi weiy‡× c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi eyw×Rxex, QvÎ mgvR Z_v Avcvgi RbZv Zxeª cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i Ges Qq `dvwfwËK eRªK‡Vvi Av‡›`vjb M‡o

Gm Gm GBP Gj


†Zv‡j| miKvi Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb‡K bm¨vr Kivi j‡¶ 1968 mv‡ji †klw`‡K Qq `dvi cÖ‡YZv †kL gywRemn Av‡iv 34 R‡bi weiy‡× ÔAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv' bvgK wg_¨v gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i Ges Zv‡ì †MÖdZvi K‡i| Gici wKQyw`‡bi Rb¨ Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb wkw_j _vK‡jI 1968 mv‡ji b‡f¤î-wW‡m¤î †_‡K Avevi Pv½v n‡Z _v‡K| 1969 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m QvÎ‡ì 11 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb M‡o DV‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb Avevi Zxeª iƒc jvf K‡i|

O. Qq `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iyZ¡

c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vqËkvmbvwaKvi Z_v ¯^vwaKvi Av`v‡qi Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U Qq`dvi ¸iyZ¡ wQj Acwimxg| Gi wewfbœgyLx ¸iyZ¡ wb¤œiƒcÑ

1. †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× ewjô KÉ¯î: Qq`dv wfwËK `vwe¸‡jv wQj cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKvi KZ…©K `xN©Kvj a‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× cÖ_g ewjô cÖwZev`| cÖ¯Ív‡ei cÖ‡YZv †kL gywReyi ingvb wb‡RB Qq `dv‡K Ôevsjvi K…lK, gRyi, kªwgK, ga¨weË Z_v Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi gyw³i mb` Ges evsjvi AwaKvi cÖwZôvi wbwðZ c`‡¶c' e‡j AvL¨v w`‡q‡Qb|

2. ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe: Qq `dvi c~‡e© evsjvi c¶ †_‡K †hme `vwe DÌvwcZ n‡qwQj †m¸‡jv wQj g~jZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e evOvwji AwaKv‡ii `vwe| e¯ÍzZc‡¶, Qq `dvi ga¨w`‡qB c~e©evsjv‡K GKwU c„_K AÂj wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i AwaK ¯^vqËkvmbvwaKvi `vwe Kiv n‡qwQj|

3. ¯^vej¤^x nIqvi AvKv•¶v cÖKvk: Qq `dvwfwËK `vwei ga¨w`‡q c~e© cvwK¯Ívb e¯ÍzZc‡¶ ¯^vej¤^x nIqvi AvKv•¶v e¨³ K‡i‡Q| c„_K gy`ªv Pvjy I c„_K wnmve ivLv Ges AvÂwjK wgwjwkqv evwnbx MVb cÖf„wZ fwel¨‡Z ¯^vej¤^x nIqvi AvKv•¶vi cwiPq enb K‡i|

4. me©vZ¥K Av›`vjb: Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb wQj cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii weiy‡× c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì cÖ_g me©vZ¥K `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb| G `vwe¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi Avkv-AvKv•¶vi cÖwZdjb NUvq Zviv Qq `dv‡K AKzÉ mg_©b Rvbvq Ges Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY K‡i|

5. MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡ev‡a RvMÖZ: Qq `dv wQj GKbvqKZvwš¿K ˆ¯îkvmbvaxb cvwK¯Ív‡b MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva RvMÖZ Kivi cÖ_g nvwZqvi| Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g evOvwj Zv‡ì AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv AR©b K‡i Ges cieZx©Kv‡j mKj MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q c‡o|

6. AvIqvgx jx‡Mi RbwcÖqZv e„w×: Qq `dvwfwËK `vwe¸‡jv wQj c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì cÖv‡Yi `vwe| êl‡gï wkKvi evOvwj RvwZ Gi gva¨‡g w`K wb‡`©kbv cvq| AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingvb me©cÖ_g `vwe¸‡jv cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii wbKU Zz‡j aivi gva¨‡g e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡ib| G‡Zvw`‡bi wew¶ß ¯^vqËkvmb Av‡›`vjb mwVK †bZ…‡Z¡i gva¨‡g AMÖmi nq cÖ‡dmi iIbK Rvnv‡bi fvlvq, ÒSixpoint movement whose main thrust was demand of autonomy for East

Pakistan is regarded as the turning point in Mujib's rise to charismatic leadershipÓ.



7. 1970-Gi wbe©vP‡b cÖfve: 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b 6 `dvi cÖfve wQj Zvrch©c~Y©| Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb‡K †K›`ª K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ †h m‡PZbZv I HK¨ M‡o I‡V, Zvi cÖfve c‡o mË‡ii wbe©vP‡b| Av‡›`vj‡b AvIqvgx jxM †bZ…Z¡ †Ìqvi RbMY AvIqvgx jxM‡K †fvU w`‡q Rqx K‡i‡Q| Aciw`‡K Qq`dv we‡ivax `j¸‡jv‡K Av¯ÍvKuy‡o wb‡¶c K‡i‡Q| Wt Kvgvj †nv‡mb h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb, ÒP~ovšÍfv‡e wba©viK wbe©vPbx djvdj wQj †kL gywRe, AvIqvgx jxM I Zuvi Qq `dv Kg©m~wPi c‡¶ RbM‡Yi my¯úó ivqÓ|

8. ¯^vaxbZvi exR wbwnZ: Qq `dv‡K †K›`ª K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †h MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o D‡V, 1969 mv‡j Zv e¨vcK MYAfz¨Ìv‡b iƒc jvf K‡i| G MYAf‚¨Ìvb 1971 mv‡j mk¯¿ ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ nq Ges †klch©šÍ b'gvm hy‡×i ci evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq †h, Qq `dvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi exR wbwnZ wQj|

P. cvwK Ív‡bi H‡Kï cÖwZ ûgwK¯iƒc Kx-bv?

1966 mv‡ji 13 †deªyqvwi 6 `dv `vwe DÌvwcZ nIqvi ciciB cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÎ-cwÎKv, †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb I Zvi †`vmi †kvlK‡Mvôx Qq `dv‡K cvwK¯Ívb fv½vi nvwZqvi Ges †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K lohš¿Kvix AvL¨v w`‡Z _v‡K| GgbwK Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi weiy‡× hy× †NvlYvi ûgwK †`q| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Bmjvgcš’x I evgcš’x `‡ji †bZvivI Qq `dv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi wew”QbœZvi `wjj iƒ‡c AvL¨v †`q Ges †`‡ki HK¨ i¶v‡_© wRnv` †NvlYv K‡i|

e¯ÍzZc‡¶ Qq `dvi †Kv_vI cvwK¯Ívb fv½vi A_ev c~e© cvwK¯Ívb ‡K cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K wewQbœ Kivi D‡jøL wQj bv ev cÖ¯Ív‡ei cÖ‡YZv †kL gywReyi ingvb KL‡bv cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K c„_K nevi K_v †NvlYv K‡ib wb| Qq `dv we‡kølY Ki‡j Avgiv ¯úóZ Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvwi †h, Gi cÖ_g I wØZxq `dv wQj c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg `dv wQj cvwK¯Ív‡bi `y'AÂ‡ji ga¨Kvi A_©‰bwZK êlg¨ `~i Kivi b¨vqm½Z `vwe Ges lô `dv wQj c~e©vÂ‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wbivcËv eë¯’v wbwðZ Kivi `vwe| wKšÍz cvwK¯Ívb miKvi I Zv‡ì †`vmiiv Qq `dv‡K weK…Z fvlvq e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Q| ivóªweÁvbx Ave`yj I`y` f~uBqv h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb, ÒQq `dv `vwe †Kvbw`bB cvwK¯Ívb n‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi `vwe wQj bv| GUv ïaygvÎ msL¨vMwiô RbM‡Yi b¨vh¨ AwaKvi Av`v‡qi gva¨‡g b¨vq I mZ¨ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj|Ó

mvims‡¶c

1947 mvj †_‡K 1966 mvj ch©šÍ ivR‰bwZK, cÖkvmwbK, A_©‰bwZK, mvgwiK I mvgvwRK †¶‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K ewÂZ I †kvl‡Yi cÖwZev`¯îƒc 1966 mv‡j †kL gywReyi ingvb c~e©evsjvq ¯^vqËkvmbvwaKvi m¤wjZ HwZnvwmK Qq`dv `vwe DÌvcb K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi cvwK¯Ív‡bi †kvlK †kªYx †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Qq `dvwfwËK `vwe gvb‡Z ivwR wQj bv| ZvB Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb‡K bm¨vr Kivi j‡¶ miKvi evOvwj‡ì Ici K‡Vvi `gbbxwZ AbymiY K‡i| wKšÍz ye©vi evOvwj Zv‡Z gv_v

Gm Gm GBP Gj


bZ bv K‡i 6 `dvwfwËK MYAv‡›`vjb‡K MYAfz¨Ìv‡b iƒc †`q Ges †klch©šÍ G MYAfz¨Ìvb mk¯¿ ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k AR©b K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq †h, Qq `dvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi exR wbwnZ wQj|

mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ: 1| Aveyj gvj Ave yj gywnZ, evsjv‡`k t RvwZiv‡óªi D™¢e, XvKv, mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, 2000| 2| gI y` Avng` (Abyev`: RMjyj Avjg), evsjv‡`k, ¯^vqËkvmb †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv, XvKv, BDwcGj, 1992| 3| gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, ÔQq `dv Av‡›`vjb I evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv, evsjv‡`k BwZnvm mwgwZ cwÎKv,

msL¨v 23-24, 1402-04| 4| mvjvnDwÏb Avng` I Ab¨vb¨ m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm 1947-1971, XvKv, AvMvgx

cÖKvkbx, 1997|


1| 6 `dv cÖ¯Íve DÌvwcZ nqÑ (K) XvKvq (L) PÆMÖv‡g (M) wcwÛ‡Z (N) jv‡nv‡i| 2| 6 `dvq mycvwik Kiv nqÑ (K) msm`xq c×wZi miKvi (L) ivóªcwZ c×wZi miKvi (M) Mfb©‡ii kvmb (N) GK‡Kw›`ªK kvmb| 3| gy`ªv I A_© eë¯’v msµvšÍ `vwe wQj 6 `dvi g‡a¨Ñ (K) 1 b¤î `vwe‡Z (L) 2 b¤î `vwe‡Z (M) 3 b¤î `vwe‡Z (N) 5 b¤î `vwe‡Z| 4| 6 `dvi cÖwZ b¨v‡ci (fvmvbx)cÖwZwµqv wQjÑ (K) †gŠb (L) c‡¶ (M) wec‡¶ (N) †KvbUvB bq| msw¶ß cÖkœ: 1| 6 `dvi gy`ªv I A_© Ges ivR¯^ msµvšÍ aviv eY©bv Kiyb| 2| 6 `dvi miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZwµqv ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiyb| 3| 6 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi weKvk ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Kiyb| 4| 1970-Gi wbe©vPb I gyw³hy‡× 6 `dv wK cÖfve †d‡jwQj? iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:

1| wK Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z 1966 mv‡j 6 `dv DÌvwcZ nq Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiyb| 2| 6 `dvi eY©bv w`b| G `dv¸‡jvi ¸iyZ¡ we‡klfv‡e Av‡jvPbvc~e©K Gi cÖwZwµqv wbY©q Kiyb|



mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©b I cÖwZwµqv

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ • mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©‡bi KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©‡bi wewfbœ cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • Gi weiy‡× evOvwj RvwZi cÖwZwµqv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì DÌvb I gyw³hy‡× Gi f‚wgKv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

1947 mv‡j e„wUk-fviZ wefw³i gva¨‡g ZrKvjxb cwðg cvwK¯Ívb I c~e©evsjv (eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k) wb‡q cvwK¯Ívb ivóª MwVZ nq| G `y'AÂ‡ji fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ wQj m¤ú~Y© c„_K| c~e©evsjvi Awaevmxiv wQj cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi †gvU †jvKmsL¨vi cÖvq kZKiv 55 kZvsk Ges G‡ì fvlv wQj evsjv Ges mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ wQj nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv| Aciw`‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi evwK 55 kZvsk †jv‡Ki fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ wQj wewfbœ ai‡bi Ges G‡ì gvÎ 7.2% kZvsk †jv‡Ki fvlv wQj D`y©| wKšÍz cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói ci ¶gZvmxb miKvi msL¨vMwi‡ôi evsjv fvlv‡K D‡c¶v K‡i gvÎ 7 kZvs‡ki D`y© fvlv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóª fvlv Kivi Ges evOvwji Ici Zv Pvwc‡q †Ìqvi †Póvq wjß nq| mv‡_ mv‡_ nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv evOvwj RvwZi ms¯‹…wZ gy‡Q †djvi gva¨‡g evOvwj‡ì cvwK¯ÍvwbKi‡Yi loh‡š¿ wjß nq| GB cÖwµqvB evOvwji Ici mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©b bv‡g L¨vZ|

K. mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©‡bi KviY

cvwK¯Ívb miKvi D`y©‡K ivóªfvlvq iƒc`vb Ges eY©gvjv I ms¯‹…wZi ms¯‹v‡ii †cQ‡b KZ¸‡jv wfwËnxb hyw³ DÌvcb K‡iwQj| h_vÑ

1. HwZnvwmK KviY: evsjv fvlvi Bmjvgxiƒc Z_v cvwK¯Ívwb iƒc `v‡bi Rb¨ †`vnvB †`qv n‡jv BwZnv‡mi| ejv n‡qwQj †h, AZx‡Z ivR‰bwZK cUcwieZ©‡bi m‡½ m‡½ fvlv Ges mvwnZÏ cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q|†hgbÑ ga¨hy‡M Bmjvgx iƒc Ges Bs‡iR kvmbvg‡j Bs‡iwR fvlvi DrKl© n‡q‡Q| HwZn¨ Abymv‡iB eZ©gv‡b evsjv fvlvi cvwK¯Ívwb iƒc †Ìqv Avek¨K|

cvV-5

Gm Gm GBP Gj


2. ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK HK¨ MVb: 1947 mv‡j Aviwe ni‡d evsjv †jLvi hyw³ wn‡m‡e ejv nq †h cvwK¯Ív‡bi 90 kZvsk gvbyl Aviwe ey‡S| ZvB Aviwe ni‡d evsjv Pvjy n‡j gvbyl ci¯úi‡K eyS‡Z cvi‡e Ges G‡Z ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK HK¨ M‡o DV‡e|

3. evsjv fvlv‡K cweÎKiY: 1949 mv‡j evsjv eY©gvjv ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ¯Ív‡ei †cQ‡b hyw³ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, evsjv eY©gvjvq KwZcq ms¯‹…Z eY© i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv wn›`yiv eënvi K‡i| ZvB evsjv‡K ms¯‹…Zgy³ Z_v cweÎ Kivi j‡¶ G fvlvi eY©gvjv ms¯‹i‡Yi Avewk¨KZv i‡q‡Q|

4. cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª mve©Rbxb mnR fvlvi cÖeZ©b: c~e©eZx© c`‡¶c e¨_© n‡j AvBqye Lvb mvgwiK kvmK wn‡m‡e ¶gZvq AwawôZ nIqvi ci 1959 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª GKwU mnR I mve©Rbxb fvlv m„wói j‡¶ †ivgvb ni‡d evsjv I D`y© fvlv cÖeZ©‡bi c`‡¶‡c †bq|

5. evsjvi ev cvwK¯Ív‡bi ms¯‹…wZ‡K wn›`ygy³ KiY: miKvi 1960-Gi `k‡K iex›`ª m½xZ Ges evsjv beel© D`hvcb wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i| Gi †cQ‡b hyw³ †`Lv‡bv nq †h, G¸‡jv wn›`y ms¯‹…wZiB Ask| Avi cvwK¯Ívb GKwU Bmjvwg cÖRvZš¿ wn‡m‡e iv‡óª Gme Abyôvb I m½xZ AbvKvw•¶Z|

6. evOvwj RvZxqZvev`‡K ¯Íä Kiv: G welqwU cvwK¯Ívb miKvwi gn‡ji gyL w`‡q D×…Z bv n‡jI miKv‡ii GK nxb lohš¿ wQj evsjv fvlv ms¯‹vi I D`y© Pvjyi gva¨‡g †MvUv evOvwj RvwZ‡K gyL© K‡i ivLv Ges evOvwji RvZxqZvev`‡K ¯Íä K‡i †Ìqvi ga¨w`‡q cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¶gZv‡K my`„p I my`xN© Kiv|

Gme Kvi‡Y I D‡Ï‡k cvwK¯Ívb miKvi av‡c av‡c evOvwj RvwZi Ici mvs¯‹…wZK wbh©vZb Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| Aek¨ evOvwj RvwZ miKv‡ii nxb loh‡š¿i wbKU KL‡bv gv_v bZ K‡iwb| c~e©evsjvq mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©‡bi weiy‡× Zviv cÖ_g cÖwZev` Ges c‡i R½x cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡ib|

L. mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©‡bi cÖwµqv

1. evsjvi cwie‡Z© D`©y fvlvi cÖeZ©b: c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡b cÖ_g wbh©vZb ïiy nq fvlv cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g| cvwK¯Ívb ivóª MVb P~ovšÍ n‡j Rbg‡b cÖkœ D‡V bZzb iv‡óªi ivóªfvlv wK n‡e| 1947 mv‡j hviv bZzb iv‡óªi ¶gZvq AwawôZ n‡jv Zv‡ì AwaKvs‡ki fvlv wQj D`y©| A_P Giv wQj cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi gvÎ 7 kZvsk| Aciw`‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 56 kZvs‡ki (c~e©evsjvi) fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wQj evsjv| ZvB RbmsL¨vbycv‡Z evsjv n‡Z cvi‡Zv bZzb iv‡óªi ivóªfvlv| wKšÍz kvmK gnj evsjv‡K wn›`y fvlv e‡j AvL¨v †`q Ges cvwK¯Ívb Bmjvwg iv‡óªi cweÎZv i¶v‡_© D`y©‡KB ivóªfvlv iƒ‡c cÖwZôvi c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i| msL¨vMwiô evOvwj RvwZi gZvgZ D‡c¶v K‡i Zv‡ì Ic‡i G fvlv wbwe©Pv‡i Pvwc‡q †`q|

†`k wefv‡Mi ciciB cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi wbZ¨ eënvh© Lvg, WvKwUwKU, †ijMvwoi wUwKU, wewfbœ ai‡bi dig cÖf…wZ‡Z Bs‡iwR I D`y© fvlvq †jLv ïiy nq| 1947 mv‡ji 27 b‡f¤î KivwP‡Z AbywôZ cvwK¯Ívb wk¶v m‡¤§j‡b cÖ_gev‡ii gZ D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi mycvwik M„nxZ nq| Gi ga¨w`‡qB evsjv fvlvi Ici AvNvZ ïiy nq| 1948 mv‡ji 23 †deªyqvwi cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil‡ì Awa‡ek‡b D`y©i cvkvcvwk evsjv‡K ivóªfvlvi gh©v`v`v‡bi cÖ¯Íve DÌvwcZ n‡j cÖ¯Íve cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq Ges D`y©‡K GKgvÎ ivóªfvlvi gh©v`v †Ìqv nq| 1948 mv‡ji 19 gvP© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§`



Avjx wRbœvn XvKv md‡i Av‡mb| 21 gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Ges 24 gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi KvR©b n‡j QvÎ‡ì mgveZ©b Abyôv‡b D`y©‡KB ivóªfvlv iƒ‡c Ø¨_©nxb †NvlYv †`b| 1952 mv‡ji 26 Rvbyqvwi LvRv bvwRgywÏb cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e c~e©evsjv md‡i Av‡mb Ges wZwbI c~‡e©i b¨vq D`y©‡K GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`b| kvmK gn‡ji Giƒc evsjv we‡ivax g‡bvfv‡ei weiy‡× c~e©evsjv `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o DV‡j miKvi cywjk evwnbx Øviv K‡Vvi n‡¯Í Av‡›`vjb `gb Kivi Rb¨ QvÎ‡ì Ici wbh©vZb Pvjvq| 1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªyqvwi evsjv fvlvi `vwe‡Z Av‡›`vjb Kivi mgq mvjvg, eiKZ, iwdK, ReŸvimn Av‡iv A‡b‡K knx` nb| miKvi 1956 mv‡ji msweav‡b evsjv‡K c~e©evsjvq wØZxq fvlv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv w`‡jI evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï weiy‡× kvmK gn‡ji Ac‡Póv evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqv ch©šÍ Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|

2. fvlvMZ ms¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g wbh©vZb: D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi Ac‡Póv Pvjv‡bvi cvkvcvwk cwðgv kvmKPµ evsjv eY©gvjv‡K ms¯‹vi Ges we‡`wk fvlvq evsjv fvlvi iƒcvšÍi Kivi e¨_© †Póv Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| G‡¶‡Î cÖ_g c`‡¶c †bIqv nq 1947 mv‡j| G eQi Aviwe ni‡d evsjv †jLvi c`‡¶c †bIqv nq Ges eq¯‹ QvÎ‡ì webvg~‡j¨ Aviwe ni‡d †jLv eB cov‡bv ïiy nq| 1949 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m evsjv fvlv ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ cÖv‡`wkK miKvi GKwU fvlv-KwgwU MVb K‡i| †ò eQi ci fvlv KwgwU eY©gvjv †_‡K C, E, F, 9, H, O, T, g, l, p, ¶, r, t eY© ev` w`‡q A¨v eY© hy³ Kivi civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i| D‡jøL¨, eY©¸‡jvi weiy‡× Awf‡hvM n‡jv Gme eY© ms¯‹…Z fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q| †h‡nZz ms¯‹…Z wn›`y‡ì fvlv, †m‡nZz Gme eY© Bmjvgx iv‡óª Av‡`Š MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|

AvBqye Lvb ¶gZvq G‡m cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¨ GKwUgvÎ fvlv D™¢ve‡bi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| Zvi cwiKíbv wQj evsjv I D`y©‡K mgwb¦Z Kiv I ms‡kvwaZ †ivgvb ni‡d †jLv| G D‡Ï‡k¨ 1959 mv‡j wk¶v Kwgkb MVb Kiv nq| Kwgk‡bi cÖ¯Íve wQj `y'wU : (1) †h mKj e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb bk&K ev †ivgvb ni‡di D™¢veb I evsjv eY©gvjv ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ †Póv Pvjv‡”Q Zv‡ì Avw_©K AvbyK‚j¨ †`qv| (2) gy`ªY‡hvM¨ Av`k© eY©gvjv wbY©q Kiv, evsjv eY©gvjvi ms¯‹vi Kiv Ges evsjv I D`y©i Dc‡hvMx †ivgvb ni‡di D™¢veb Kivi Rb¨ fvlvwe`‡ì mgb¦‡q KwgwU MVb Kivq| mgmvgwqKKv‡j KivwP wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjv GKv‡Wgx‡Z m`¨ cwiPvjK c‡` †hvM w`‡q ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb GKwU †mwgbv‡ii Av‡qvRb K‡ib| D³ †mwgbv‡i D`y© I evsjvi mvaviY kã¸‡jv Luy‡R RbwcÖq Kivi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq| GQvov evsjv fvlv D`y©, dviwm I Aviwe Awfavb Ges D`y© fvlvi ms¯‹…Z, cvwj I evsjv k‡ãi Awfavb ˆZwii civgk© †Ìqv nq| Avjx Avnmv‡bi D‡`¨v‡M I mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GKwU fvlv ms¯‹vi KwgwUI MwVZ nq Ges KwgwU evsjv eY©gvjv †_‡K OÑY, F, 9, r, T, t, l, C, x, E, ~ eR©b Kiv mn A‡bK my`ypcÖmvix cÖ¯Íve †`q|

1968 mv‡j cybivq †ivgvb ni‡d evsjv †jLvi D‡`¨vM M„nxZ nq| AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb I Bqvwnqv ¶gZv MÖn‡Yi ci 1969 mv‡j fvlv cybM©V‡bi j‡¶ ÒRvZxq cybM©Vb ms¯’vÓ‡K cybiy¾xweZ Kiv nq| G ms¯’v evsjv fvlv I evsjv mvwn‡Zï weiy‡× †QvU †QvU cyw¯ÍKv iPbv K‡i nvRvi nvRvi Aa©wkw¶Z MÖvg¨ RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ weZiY K‡i| e¯ÍzZc‡¶ 1947 mvj †_‡K 1969 Z_v 1971 mvj ch©šÍ kvmK gnj I Zv‡ì c„ô‡cvlKZvq M‡o IVv msMVb I ms¯’v KZ…©K evsjv fvlv mvwnZ¨ I eY©gvjvi weiy‡× M„nxZ c`‡¶ç‡jv evOvwji ms¯‹…wZi g~‡j †Kej AvNvZ bq, Zv‡ì a„óZvI ejv hvq|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


3. wk¶v ms‡KvPb bxwZ: AvBqye Lvb ¶gZvq G‡m 1958 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi wk¶v mwPe Gm.Gg. kix‡di †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU wk¶v Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| 1960 mv‡j Kwgkb wi‡cvU© †ck K‡i Ges wi‡cv‡U© c~e©evsjvi ivRbxwZ‡Z QvÎ‡ì mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i| Gi wfwË‡Z AvBqye Lvb 1962 mv‡j c~e©evsjvq wk¶v ms‡KvPb bxwZ AbymiY K‡i| miKvwi †NvlYvq ejv nq, cÖwZwU ¯‹z‡ji 60 kZvsk A_© msM„nxZ n‡e QvÎ †eZb †_‡K Ges 20 kZvsk A_© eë¯’vcbv KZ…©c¶ wbe©vn Ki‡e| D”Pwk¶vi †¶‡ÎI miKvi GKB bxwZ AbymiY K‡i| ¯œvZK ch©v‡q cvm ‡Kvm© I Abvm© †Kv‡m©i mgqMZ cv_©K¨ we‡jvc Kiv nq| miKv‡ii Gme wm×v‡šÍi g~j j¶ c~e©evsjvq wk¶v we¯Ívi‡K ¯’wei K‡i ivLv| wKšÍz c~e©evsjvi QvÎiv Gi weiy‡× cÖwZev` Rvbv‡j miKvi mgMÖ c~e©evsjvq 74wU K‡jR, 1400wU D”P we`¨vjq eÜ †NvlYv K‡i Ges QvÎ‡ì †MÖdZvi K‡i †R‡j wb‡¶c K‡i|

4. cÖKvkbvi Ici wb‡lavÁv Rvwi: AvBqye miKv‡ii weiy‡× mwµq f‚wgKv cvj‡bi Aciv‡a miKvi 1966 mv‡j B‡ËdvK mn KwZcq cÖMwZkxj cwÎKvi cÖKvkbv wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i| 1969 mv‡ji †kl w`‡K Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi Pµv‡šÍ evsjv fvlvq wjwLZ KZ¸‡jv cy¯ÍK ev‡Rqvß Kiv nq Ges G¸‡jvi cÖKvkbv wbwl× †NvwlZ nq| GQvov miKvi wewfbœ mg‡q Pjw”PÎ, bvUK cÖf…wZi Ici wb‡lavÁv Av‡iv‡ci gva¨‡g evOvwji mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡b bMœ AvNvZ †n‡bwQj|

5. iex›`ª we‡Ølx ZrciZv: evsjv fvlv I evsjv mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi weKv‡ki †¶‡Î iex›`ª iPbvejx, Mvb, bvUK cÖf…wZi Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©| evsjvq Amv¤úª`vwqK mgvR M‡o †Zvjvi †cQ‡b iex›`ªbv‡_i Drmvn evOvwj‡K AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q| cvwK¯Ívwb mv¤úª`vwqK miKvi ZvB iex›`ª iPbvejxi cÖwZ iyófve †cvlY K‡i| 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡×i mgq iex›`ªbv_‡K †eZvi I †Uwjwfk‡b wbwl× †NvlYv Kiv nq| hy‡×i ci MYgvby‡li Pv‡c mxwgZ AvKv‡i cÖPvi Aby‡gvw`Z nq| 1967 mv‡j iex›`ª m½xZ wb‡q cybivq weZK© I‡V| G eQi 20 Ryb ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi msm` Awa‡ek‡b miKvwi `‡ji †bZv Ave`ym meyi Lvb Zuvi e³…Zvq iex›`ª m½xZ‡K c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡b Aïf cÖqvm e‡j AvL¨v †`q| MYcwil‡ì 22 Rb m`m¨ Zv mg_©b K‡ib| Z_¨gš¿x LvRv kvnveywÏb iex›`ª m½xZ cÖPvi Kwg‡q Avbvi †NvlYv †`b Ges fwel¨‡Z m¤ú~Y© wbwl× Kivi Bw½Z cÖ`k©b †`b| e¯ÍzZc‡¶, iex›`ª m½xZ I iex›`ª iPbvejxi Ici miKv‡ii Giƒc wb‡lavÁv Av‡iv‡ci ga¨w`‡q evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ‡K AvNvZ K‡iwQj|

6. evsjv Drme wbwl×KiY: 1jv êkvL evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi GKwU Ab¨Zg Ask| mgªvU AvKei me©cÖ_g 1 êkvL Drme Pvjy K‡ib Ges ZLb †_‡K c~e©evsjvq G Drme cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| wKšÍz AvBqye Lvb 1967 mv‡j 1 êkvL cvjb‡K wn›`y ms¯‹…wZi cÖfve e‡j AvL¨v †`b| g~jZ AvBqye Lv‡bi Giƒc †NvlYv wQj evOvwj RvwZi kZ eQ‡ii ms¯‹…wZi g~‡j KzVvivNvZ|

M. mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©‡bi weiy‡× evOvwji cÖwZwµqv

c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡b n¯Í‡¶c evOvwj RvwZ KL‡bv bxi‡e mn¨ K‡iwb| ¶gZvmxb miKvi hLbB A‰ea n¯Í‡¶c K‡iwQj evOvwj RvwZ ZLbB Zvi weiy‡× K‡Vvi cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zz‡jwQj| G‡¶‡Î wbæewY©Z K‡qKwU mvs¯‹…wZK, ivR‰bwZK msMVb ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡qwQj|



1. cvwK¯Ívb ZgÏyb gRwjm: 1947 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤î XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi c`v_© weÁvb wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK Aveyj Kv‡mg-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi KwZcq QvÎ I Aa¨vc‡Ki D‡`¨v‡M cvwK¯Ívb ZgÏyb gRwjm MwVZ nq| c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡b G msMVbwUi (1954 mvj ch©šÍ) f‚wgKv wQj cÖksmbxq| 1947 mv‡ji b‡f¤î gv‡m KivPx‡Z AbywôZ cvwK¯Ívb wk¶v m‡¤§jb Ges 1948 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil‡` D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv †NvlYvi weiy‡× c~e©evsjvq †h `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o D‡VwQj Zvi cÖavb K…wZ‡Z¡i `vwe`vi G msMVbwU| G msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M ivóªfvlv evsjvi `vwe‡Z 1947 mv‡j M‡o †Zvjv nq Òivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil`Ó Ges 1948 mv‡j GwU Òme©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil`Ó bvgaviY K‡i| ZgÏyb gRwjm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ÔB‡Ënv`' cwÎKvq ivóªfvlv evsjvi c‡¶ e¨vcK RbgZ I MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjv nq| G msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M KwZcq MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nq| m‡e©vcwi evsjv fvlvi `vwe‡Z 1952 mv‡j c~e©evsjvq †h `ye©vi QvÎ Av‡›`vjb M‡o D‡VwQj, Zvi †cQ‡b Drmvn RywM‡qwQj G ZgÏyb gRwjm| µ‡g ag©wfwËK i¶Ykxj gZv`‡k©i Kvi‡Y msMVbwU `ye©j n‡q hvq| 1954 mv‡ji ci ZgÏyb gRwjm Zvi c~‡e©i MwZ nvwi‡q wbQK e¨w³i msMV‡b cwiYZ nq| ZviciI 1952 mvj ch©šÍ fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U G msMVbwUi f‚wgKv wQj cÖksmbxq|

2. ms¯‹…wZ msm`: fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †Kw›`ªK Òms¯‹…wZ msm`Ó cÖwZwôZ nq 1951 mv‡j| GUv wQj Amv¤úª`vwqK I gvbeZvev`x avivi mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf‚wg‡Z wewfbœ bvU¨vbyôv‡bi gva¨‡g G msMVb c~e©evsjvi QvÎ-wk¶K-RbZvi gv‡S e¨vcK DÏxcbv m„wó K‡iwQj|

3. cvwK¯Ívb mvwnZ¨ msm`: 1952 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K XvKvq cÖwZwôZ nq ÔcvwK¯Ívb mvwnZ¨ msm`'| gymwjg jx‡Mi mv¤úª`vwqK Kg©KvÛ ag©vÜ I cÖwZwµqvkxj fveavivi weiy‡× GUvB wQj 1947-DËiKv‡j me‡P‡q kw³kvjx, mymsMwVZ cÖMwZkxj MYZvwš¿K avivi mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb| G msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M 1953 mv‡j Kwe nvmvb nvwdRyi ingv‡bi m¤úv`bvq GKz‡ki cÖ_g msKjb cÖKvwkZ nq| G msm‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Kgx©, msMVK I eyw×Rxexiv evOvwji mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡b D¾¡j f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj| evOvwji gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnv‡mi G c‡e© mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb cÖwZôvi cvkvcvwk †`‡ki wewfbœ AÂ‡j AbywôZ mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jbmg~n fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ, HwZn¨ Ges Av_©-mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡b, evOvwji RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb I gyw³msMÖv‡g D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡LwQj|

4. ms¯‹…wZ cwil` I cÖvwšÍK: †`k wefv‡Mi ci PÆMÖv‡gi cÖMwZkxj mvwnZ¨Kgx©iv ms¯‹…wZ cwil` I cÖvwšÍK bv‡g cici `y'wU msMVb cÖwZôv K‡i| G `y'wU wgwjZ n‡q 1951 mv‡ji 16B gvP© PÆMÖv‡gi nwi‡Lvjvi gv‡V c~e© cvwK¯Ívb mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i| G m‡¤§j‡b c~e©evsjvi I fvi‡Zi eû Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K AskMÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï weiy‡× lohš¿ PjvKv‡j msMVb `y'wU hyMvšÍKvix f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj|

5. Kzwgjøv cÖMwZ gRwjm: cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì weiy‡× Av‡›`vjb M‡o IVvi †cÖ¶vc‡U cÖwZwôZ nq Kzwgjøv cÖMwZ gRwjm| Gi cÖvY-cyiyl wQ‡jb Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi`| G msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M 1952 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m Kzwgjøvq Òc~e© cvwK¯Ívb mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jbÓ AbywôZ nq| Kzwgjøv m‡¤§jb G †`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK AMÖMwZ‡Z GKwU `„p c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡iwQj| Gi g~j Ae`vb wQj Amv¤úª`vwqK I gvbeZvev`x c~e©evsjvi cÖevngvb HwZ‡n¨ Av¯’v †i‡L, e„nËi RbRxe‡bi m‡½ GKvZ¥ n‡q,

Gm Gm GBP Gj


Amv¤úª`vwqK, gvbegyLx I MYgyLx `„wó wb‡q mvwnZ¨ iPbvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM KivÑ m‡¤§jb G g‡bvfve‡K cyó K‡i‡Q|

6. KvMgvix mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jb: evsjv fvlv I evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ‡K mgybœZ ivLvi `vwe wb‡q 1957 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi D‡`¨v‡M G m‡¤§jb Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii AvMÖvmb †_‡K evsjv mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡K i¶v Kiv Ges c~e© I cwðg e‡½i mgb¦‡q GKwU Amv¤úª`vwqK ms¯‹…wZ M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î G m‡¤§j‡bi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg|

7. Qvqvb‡Ui f‚wgKv: cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK miKv‡ii K‡Vvi wbh©vZb I wbcxo‡bi g‡aÏ 1961 mv‡j cvwjZ nq iex›`ª Rb¥kZevwl©Kx| G †cÖ¶vc‡U evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vjb‡K wbw`©ó Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖwZwôZ nq QvqvbU| G cÖwZôv‡b evsjv m½xZ PP©v I evsjv Drme¸‡jv cvwjZ n‡Zv| c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡b Qvqvb‡Ui ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q| Aa¨vcK iwdKzj Bmjvg h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb ÔG‡`‡ki evOvjx ms¯‹…wZi cÖmvi, mg„× iƒcwU Qvqvb‡Ui mvabvi ga¨w`‡qB lv‡Ui `kK a‡i g~Z© I cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|'

8. wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK msMVb I Zv‡ì cÖwZwµqv: cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmK gnj KZ…©K c~e©evsjvi wk¶v I mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡b n¯Í‡¶‡ci weiy‡× cÖwZ‡iva Ges evOvwj RvwZi ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi cÖwZôvi j‡¶ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †ZBk eQ‡i c~e©evsjvq A‡bK¸‡jv ivR‰bwZK `j I QvÎ msMVb M‡o I‡V| G‡ì g‡a¨ QvÎjxM, AvIqvgx jxM, QvÎ BDwbq‡bi bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| 1950-Gi `k‡K c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡b G AÂ‡j M‡o IVv mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb¸‡jv ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡jI 1960-Gi `k‡K †m ¯’vb `Lj K‡i ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv| 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b hy³d«›U Zvi 21 `dv Kg©m~wP‡Z evsjvfvlv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlvi `vwe K‡i| 1962 mv‡j AvBqye Lv‡bi cÖYxZ wk¶vbxwZi weiy‡× QvÎ msMVb¸‡jv Zxeª Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| 1968 mv‡j QvÎ msMVb¸‡jv GKwÎZ n‡q MVb K‡i QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`| cwil` Zv‡ì 11 `dv `vwe wb‡q c~e©evsjvq wk¶v‡¶‡Î êlg¨ Ges mvs¯‹…wZK †¶‡Î wbh©vZ‡bi weiy‡× Zxeª Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j Ges G Av‡›`vjb †kl ch©šÍ e¨vcK MYAv‡›`vj‡b iƒc †bq Ges Zv‡ì Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L ¶gZvmxb AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb‡K mywbwðZ K‡i|

9. evOvwj eyw×Rxex gn‡j cÖwZwµqv: c~e©evsjv wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi Ici n¯Í‡¶‡ci weiy‡× G AÂ‡ji eyw×Rxex gnjI Zxeª cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb| 1948 mv‡j D`y©‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv †NvlYv, 1967 mv‡j iex›`ª m½xZ evwZj I c‡njv êkvL D`hvcb wbwl× †NvwlZ n‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖMwZkxj eyw×Rxex gnj Zxeª cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡ib|

N. evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì DÌvb I gyw³hy‡× Gi f‚wgKv

c~e©evsjvi wk¶v, ms¯‹…wZ I evsjv fvlvi Ici n¯Í‡¶‡ci weiy‡× G AÂ‡j wewfbœ mg‡q †h cÖMwZkxj I cÖwZev`x Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V Zvi ga¨w`‡q evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì D‡b¥l I weKvk N‡U|

e¯ÍzZc‡¶ fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨w`‡qB evOvwj RvwZ cÖ_gev‡ii gZ cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK gn‡ji weiy‡× HKë× n‡qwQj Ges A¯¿aviY K‡iwQj|G ai‡bi HKë× nIqvi ga¨w`‡q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi weKvk NUvq| cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK †¶‡Î `gbbxwZ eis



lv‡Ui `k‡K evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K Pv½v K‡i †Zv‡j| G mgq GKw`‡K miKvwi `gbbxwZ Ab¨w`‡K evOvwji mvs¯‹…wZK PP©vi weKvk N‡U| †jLK-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì †jLbxi Kvi‡Y Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbv µ‡g weKwkZ nq| cÖMwZkxj gn‡ji wPšÍv‡K wewfbœ †jLKiv RvwM‡q iv‡Lb| †`vKvbcvU, wkï‡ì bvgKi‡Y evsjv kã I evK¨vs‡ki eënvi ïiy nq| wm‡bgv n‡ji bvg evsjvKiY †hgbÑ ejvKv, gaywgZv, nsm, †RvbvwK, ivLv ïiy nq| †m mg‡q GKwU RbwcÖq †køvMvb n‡q ùvovq ÔAvevi †Zviv gvbyl n'/ AbyKiY †Lvjm †fw` Kvqg‡b evOvjx n'/ Avevi †Zviv gvbyl n'|' G RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv evOvwj RvwZ‡K 1962 mv‡j AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b HKë× K‡i‡Q Ges 1966 mv‡ji Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡b DØy× K‡i‡Q| GKBfv‡e DØy× n‡q QvÎ mgvR 1969 mv‡j ¶gZvmxb `‡ji weiy‡× GK `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| G Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨w`‡q evOvwj RvZxqZvev` Av‡iv cÖMvp nq Ges 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b Zvi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve cwijw¶Z nq| G wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weRq evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv‡K Av‡iv ewjôZv `vb K‡i Ges GKB RvZxqZvev‡` DØy× n‡q evOvwj RvwZ 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívwb ˆ¯îkvm‡bi weiy‡× HKë× n‡q ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q c‡o| Ae‡k‡l b'gv‡mi mk¯¿ hy‡×i ga¨w`‡q evOvwj RvwZ weRq jvf K‡i| GB mKj Av‡›`vj‡b ivRbxwZwe`‡ì cvkvcvwk †jLK, eyw×Rxex, wkíxiv AMÖYx f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib|

mvims‡¶c

cvwK¯—vwb kvmK †kªYx †P‡qwQj evOvwj RvwZi fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡K aŸsm Kivi gva¨‡g evOvwj‡ì g~L© †i‡L G AÂ‡j Zv‡ì Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb‡K cvKv‡cv³ Ki‡Z| ZvB m~Pbv †_‡KB Zviv wewfbœ nxb loh‡š¿ wjß nq| wKšÍz hLbB ¶gZvmxb `j G ai‡bi nxb loh‡š¿ wjß n‡q‡Q ZLbB evOvwj RvwZ Zv‡ì weiy‡× ye©vi cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zz‡jwQj| Avi Gi d‡j GKw`‡K evsjv fvlv I evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ Zvi ¯^vaxb Aw¯ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q, Aciw`‡K GiB ga¨w`‡q evOvwj RvZxqZvev` GKwU my „p wfwË jvf K‡i| Ae‡k‡l evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡` DØy× n‡q evOvwj RvwZ 1971 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q c‡o Ges †klch©šÍ weRq AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g nq|

mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ: 1| †Mvjvg gyiwk`, iex› ªwe‡k¦ c~e©e½, c~e©e‡½ iex› ªPP©v, XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1981| 2| bxwjgv Beªvwng I Ab¨vb¨ (m¤úvw`Z), gyw³msMÖvg, 1g ce©, XvKv, evsjv wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq,

1972| 3| mvC`-Di-ingvb, c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vjb, XvKv, Wvbv cÖKvkbx, 1983| 4| †i‡Rvqvb wmwÏKx, c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb I mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vjb, XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx,

1996|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ: mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b| 1| KivwP‡Z AbywôZ cvwK¯Ívb wk¶v m‡¤§j‡b cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv D`y© fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi mycvwik

Kiv nq 1947 mv‡jiÑ (K) 14 AvM÷ (L) 23 †deªyqvwi (M) 27 b‡f¤î (N) 17 b‡f¤î| 2| 1 êkvL cvjb wbwl× †NvlYv K‡ibÑ (K) †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn (L) AvBqye Lvb (M) Bqvwnqv Lvb (N) bvwRgywÏb| 3| cvwK¯Ívb ZgÏyb gRwjm MwVZ nq 1947 mv‡jiÑ (K) 21 †deªyqvwi (L) 1 b‡f¤î (M) 1 †m‡Þ¤î (N) 25 b‡f¤î| msw¶ß cÖkœ: 1| AvBqye Lv‡bi Avg‡j wKfv‡e fvlvMZ ms¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©b Kiv nq? 2| AvBqy‡ei Avg‡j iex›`ª we‡Ølx ZrciZv m¤ú‡K© UxKv wjLyb| 3| wbeZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y wKfv‡e lv‡Ui `k‡K RvZxqZvev‡ì weKvk N‡U? iPbvg~jK cÖkœ: 1| AvBqye Lv‡bi Avg‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©‡bi wewfbœ cÖwµqvi e¨vL¨v w`b| evOvwj

RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi DÌv†b Gi cÖfvemn Gi weiy‡× evOvwj RvwZi cÖwZwµqv g~j¨vqb Kiyb|



AvMiZjv gvgjv

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ • AvMiZjv gvgjvi cUf‚wg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • gvgjvi welqe¯Íz Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • gvgjvi Avmvgx‡ì cwiPq AeMZ n‡eb; • gvgjvi †cQ‡b miKv‡ii cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • gvgjvi wePvi cÖwµqv I cwiYwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • gvgjvi cÖwZwµqv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; • gvgjvi ¸iyZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b GB gvgjvi cÖfve wePvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv wQj AvBqye Lv‡bi kvmbvg‡ji (1958-69) me©v‡c¶v N„Y¨ I cÖnmbg~jK NUbv| 1966 mv‡j DÌvwcZ Qq `dvwfwËK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b hLb MYAv‡›`vjb †Rvi`vi n‡Z _v‡K ZLbB †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb Av‡›`vjb‡K w¯ÍwgZ K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe DrLvZ Kivi j‡¶ G cÖnmbg~jK bxwZ MÖn‡Y Zrci nb| c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K ivR‰bwZKfv‡e †bZ…Z¡k~b¨ K‡i G AÂ‡j AvBqye Lv‡bi ¶gZv I cÖfve my`„p Kivi my`~icÖmvix cwiKíbviB dj AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv| hwÌ MY`vwei gy‡L †klch©šÍ G gvgjv Zz‡j †bIqv nq Ges AvBqye Lv‡bi cZ‡bi gva¨‡g gvgjvi AmviZv cÖgvwYZ nq|

AvMiZjv gvgjvi cUf‚wg

AvBqye Lvb wQ‡jb GKRb ˆ¯îvPvix mvgwiK kvmK| ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›` m¤ú‡K©, we‡kl K‡i we‡ivax‡ì cÖwZ Zuvi wQj cÖej †¶vf| 1958 mv‡j A‡±vei gv‡m mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi K‡iB †`‡ki RbM‡Yi mKj ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi niY K‡i †bb| †`‡ki Dfq AÂj †_‡K ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡ì mvgwiK AvB‡b †MÖdZvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| msev`c‡Îi ¯^vaxbZvmn gvby‡li mKj cÖKvi †gŠwjK AwaKvi niY K‡i wb‡q †`‡k GKbvqKZ¡ kvmbeë¯’v Pvjy K‡ib| AvBqye Lvb GKw`‡K ¶gZv êaKiY Aciw`‡K ¶gZv‡K Av‡iv my`„p Kivi j‡¶ 1962 mv‡j Ô†gŠwjK MYZš¿' bvgK we‡kl †KŠkj Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| Ges G †cÖ¶vc‡U mKj ivRew›ì gyw³ cÖ`vb K‡ib| KvivMvi †_‡K gy³ n‡q c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ZiyY †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavb we‡ivax `j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cybM©V‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib Ges AvBqye Lv‡bi ˆ¯îkvm‡bi weiy‡× AvIqvgx jxM‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡Z

cvV-6

Gm Gm GBP Gj


_v‡Kb| Gid‡j †kL gywReyi ingvb mvgwiK RvšÍv AvBqy‡ei cÖavb kÎy‡Z cwiYZ nb| 1964 mv‡j AvBqy‡ei Aax‡b wØZxq wbe©vP‡bI †kL gywR‡ei f‚wgKv wQj j¶Yxq hv AvBqye Lvb‡K DwØMœ K‡i Zz‡jwQj| B‡Zvg‡a¨ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Dfq AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ me©‡¶‡Î êlg¨ cvnvo cwigvY iƒc jvf K‡i| †kL gywReyi ingvb wewfbœ Rbmfv I wee„wZi gva¨‡g G êlg¨ Rbm¤§y‡L Zz‡j a‡i AvBqye we‡ivax kw³‡K Av‡iv ejxqvb K‡i Zzj‡Z _v‡Kb| 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡×i mgq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôxi wbwj©ßZvi welqwU †kL gywRe djvI K‡i cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| hy‡×vËi 1966 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi gv‡m jv‡nv‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq Kbdv‡i‡Ý †kL gywRe cvwK¯Ív‡bi `y'AÂ‡ji êlg¨ Zz‡j a‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe m¤^wjZ HwZnvwmK Qq `dv `vwe DÌvcb K‡ib| G Qq `dv `vwe DÌvwcZ n‡j AvBqye Lvb Av‡iv wePwjZ n‡q I‡Vb| e¯ÍzZc‡¶, 6 `dv `vwe AvBqy‡ei c‡¶ †g‡b †bIqv KL‡bv m¤¢e wQj bv| ZvB AvBqye Lvb †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K wew”QbœZvev`x AvL¨v w`‡q Qq `dv `vwe cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| Aciw`‡K Qq `dv wfwËK `vwe wb‡q †kL gywReyi ingvb c~e©evsjvq ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡Z GK MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡jb|

AvBqye Lvb Qq `dv `vwe bm¨vr Kivi j‡¶ †kL gywReyi ingvbmn Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡¶i eû †bZv-Kgx©‡K †MÖdZvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Gi cÖwZev‡` c~e©evsjvq Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb Av‡iv MwZkxjZv jvf K‡i| 1966 mv‡ji 7 Ryb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b me©vZ¥K niZvj cvwjZ nq| Hw`b QvÎ RbZvi wgwQ‡j ¸wj Pvwj‡q cywjk K‡qKRb‡K nZ¨v K‡i Ges eû †jvK AvnZ nq| wKQyw`b c‡iB miKvi c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavb msev`cÎ B‡ËdvK cwÎKvi m¤úv`K‡K †MÖdZvi Ges B‡ËdvKmn wKQy wKQy cwÎKv wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i| Gi cÖwZev‡` †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì we‡ivax `jxq m`m¨MY IqvK AvDU K‡ib Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvsevw`K, msev`cÎKgx© Ges QvÎ-RbZv cÖwZev` Rvbvq I ag©NU cvjb K‡i|

Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb hLb me©¯Í‡i cÖmviZv jvf K‡iwQj ZLbB miKvi iex›`ª m½xZ I c‡njv êkvL cvjb wbwl× Ges Aviwe ni‡d evsjv Pvjyi wm×všÍ †NvlYv K‡i Av‡›`vj‡b N„ZvûwZ w`j| Gi d‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb GK MYAv‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ nq| miKvi G MYAv‡›`vjb‡K bm¨vr Kivi j‡¶ wewfbœ nxb loh‡š¿ wjß nq| Avi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv Giƒc nxb Pµv‡šÍiB ev¯Íe iƒcvqb|

gvgjvi welqe Íz

1967 mv‡j Qq `dvwfwËK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe hLb e¨vcK AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b iƒc jvf K‡i ZLb †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb Av‡›`vjb‡K w¯ÍwgZ Kivi GK K‚U‡KŠkj Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| 1968 mv‡ji 6 Rvbyqvwi 2 Rb wm.Gm.wc Awdmvimn 28 R‡bi weiy‡× †`k‡`ªvwnZvi Awf‡hvM G‡b wg_¨v gvgjv `v‡qi Kiv nq| Zuv‡ì weiy‡× Awf‡hvM wQj Zuviv c~‡e©i eQi A_©vr 1967 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m fvi‡Z AvMiZjvq GK loh‡š¿ wjß nq Ges fviZxq‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi j‡¶ mvgwiK Afz¨Ìvb NUv‡bvi cwiKíbv K‡ib| Afz¨Ìvb mdj Kivi Rb¨ Zuviv fviZxq‡ì wbKU †_‡K A_© I A¯¿ msMÖn K‡ib e‡j Awf‡hvM Kiv nq| GB g‡g© A_© I A‡¯¿i GKwU ZvwjKvI ˆZwi Kiv nq| K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨ GK †cÖm‡bv‡U ejv nq †h, †MÖdZviK…Z



Avmvgxiv wb‡R‡ì Aciv‡ai K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb Ges G e¨vcv‡i Av‡iv Z`šÍ Pj‡Q| 6 Rvbyqvwi Avmvgx‡ì †MÖdZv‡ii weiy‡× c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b weiƒc cÖwZwµqv j¶ K‡i 1968 mv‡j 18 Rvbyqvwi Òlohš¿ cwiKíbv I cwiPvjbviÓ Awf‡hvM G‡b †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K cÖavb Avmvgx K‡i c~‡e©i 28 Rb mn †gvU 35 R‡bi weiy‡× Avi GKwU gvgjv `v‡qi Kiv nq| GUvB ÒAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvÓ bv‡g L¨vZ|

gvgjvi Avmvgx 1968 mv‡ji 18 Rvbyqvwi gvgjvi Aax‡b P~ovšÍfv‡e cÖYxZ Avmvgx‡ì ZvwjKv wQj wb¤œiƒcÑ

1. †kL gywReyi ingvb (dwi`cyi)

2. †j. KgvÛvi †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb (ewikvj)

3. ÷zqvW© gwRei ingvb (gv`vixcyi)

4. cÖv³b Gj.Gm. myjZvb DwÏb Avng` (†bvqvLvjx)

5. Gj.Gm. b~i †gvnv¤§` (XvKv)

6. Rbve Avng` dRjyi ingvb wm.Gm.wc (XvKv)

7. d¬vBU mv‡R©›U gwRdzjøvn (†bvqvLvjx)

8. cÖv³b K‡c©vivj G.wm. mvgv` (ewikvj)

9. cÖv³b nvwej`vi `wjj DwÏb (ewikvj)

10. Rbve iyûj KzÏym wm.Gm.wc. (Lyjbv)

11. d¬vBU mv‡R©›U dRjyj nK (ewikvj)

12. f‚cwZ f‚lY (gvwbK) †PŠayix (PÆMÖvg)

13. weavbK…ò †mb (PÆMÖvg)

14. my‡e`vi Ave`yi iv¾vK (Kzwgjøv)

15. gywRei ingvb B.wc.Avi.wU.wm.K¬vK© (Kzwgjøv)

16. mv‡eK d¬vBU mv‡R©›U Ave`yi iv¾vK (Kzwgjøv)

17. mv‡R©›U Rûiyj nK (†bvqvLvjx)

18. †gvnv¤§` Lyikx` (dwi`cyi)

19. †K.Gg. kvgmyi ingvb wm.Gm.wc. (XvKv)

20. wimvj`vi kvgmyj nK (XvKv)

21. nvwej`vi AvwRRyj nK (ewikvj)

22. Gm.G.wm. gvndzR evwi (†bvqvLvjx)

23. mv‡R©›U kvgmyj nK (†bvqvLvjx)

24. †gRi kvgmyj Avjg (XvKv)

25. K¨v‡Þb gyËvwje (gqgbwmsn)

26. K¨v‡Þb kIKZ Avjx (dwi`cyi)

Gm Gm GBP Gj


27. K¨v‡Þb L›`Kvi bvRgyj û`v (ewikvj)

28. K¨v‡Þb b~iy¾vgvb

29. mv‡R©›U Ave`yj Rwjj (XvKv)

30. gvneyeywÏb †PŠayix (wm‡jU)

31. †j. Gg.Gm.Gg. ingvb (h‡kvi)

32. cÖv³b my‡e`vi ZvRyj Bmjvg (ewikvj)

33. †gvnv¤§` Avjx †iRv (Kzwóqv)

34. K¨v‡Þb Lyikx` (gqgbwmsn)

35. †j. Ave`yi iDd (gqgbwmsn)

GQvov Av‡iv 11 Rb‡K Awfhy³ Kiv nq hviv c‡i ivRmv¶x n‡Z ivRx nIqvq gyw³ cvb| Dc‡iv³ Avmvgx‡ì cÖ_‡g †`ki¶v AvB‡b †MÖdZvi Kiv n‡qwQj| c‡i 18 Rvbyqvwi †`k i¶v AvBb n‡Z gyw³ w`‡q ÔAvwg©, †bfx GÛ Gqvi‡dvm© G¨v±'-G cybivq †MÖdZvi K‡i †K›`ªxq †Rj n‡Z Kzwg©‡Uvjv †mbvwbev‡m ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kiv nq|

gvgjvi D‡Ïk¨

AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi cðv‡Z †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lv‡bi †h mKj D‡Ïk¨ wbwnZ wQj e‡j HwZnvwmKMY aviYv K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv wb¤œiƒcÑ

1. c~e©evsjvi RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K wbg~©j Kiv|

2. cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi g‡a¨ G g‡bvfve RvwM‡q †Ìqv †h evOvwjiv KL‡bvB wek¦vm‡hvM¨ bq|

3. c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ Awek¦vm m„wó K‡i we‡f` I eëavb Av‡iv evwo‡q †Ìqv|

4. †kL gywRe‡K ivRbxwZ †_‡K wbg~©j Kiv|

5. Avmvgx‡ì weiy‡× fviZxq Pµv‡šÍ wew”QbœZv Av‡›`vj‡bi loh‡š¿i K_v cÖPvi K‡i ivq cÖ`Ë n‡j c~e©evsjvi ivR‰bwZK DÌvb cÖ‡Póv eÜ n‡e| Ges MYmg_©b miKv‡ii c‡¶ P‡j Avm‡e| Gi d‡j cieZx© wbe©vP‡b AvBqye Lvb I Zuvi Kb‡fbkb gymwjg jx‡Mi weRq mywbwðZ n‡e|

gvgjvi wePvi cÖwµqv I cwiYwZ

K. AvB‡bi ms‡kvab: ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›ì †MÖdZv‡ii ci Zv‡ì cÖKv‡k¨ wePv‡ii `vwe I‡V c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi c¶ †_‡K| miKvi 1968 mv‡ji 12 GwcÖj AvMiZjv gvgjvi wePvi cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ AvBb I wePvi c×wZ msµvšÍ GK †dŠR`vix Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi K‡ib| G‡Z ejv nqÑ

1. gvgjvi wePvi mvaviY Av`vj‡Zi cwie‡Z© we‡kl UªvBeybv‡ji gva¨‡g m¤úvw`Z n‡e|

2. mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i GKRb RR (†Pqvig¨vb) Ges nvB‡Kv‡U©i `y'Rb R‡Ri (m`m¨) mgb¦‡q we‡kl UªvBeybvj MwVZ n‡e|



3. cywj‡ki Kv‡Q cÖ`Ë ¯^xKv‡ivw³ AvBb mvey` n‡e|

4. Avmvgx‡ì †Kvb Rvwgb †Ìqv hv‡e bv Ges Zv‡ì‡K mvgwiK †ndvR‡Z ivLv n‡e|

5. we‡kl Av`vj‡Zi GLwZqvi wb‡q †Kvb cÖkœ Kiv Pj‡e bv|

L. we‡kl UªvBeybvj MVb I gvgjvi Awf‡hvM: 1968 mv‡ji 22 GwcÖj AvBqye Lvb KZ…©K RvwiK…Z AwW©b¨vÝ Abyhvqx XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g›U gvgjvi wePv‡ii ¯’vb wba©vwiZ nq Ges 19 Ryb wecyj msL¨K †`kx-we‡`kx mvsevw`K I †Uwjwfkb cÖwZwbwa‡ì Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Kzwg©‡Uvjv †mbvwbev‡m gvgjvi ïbvwb ïiy nq| c~‡e©i †dŠR`vix AwW©b¨vÝ Abyhvqx cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡eK cÖavb wePvicwZ Gm.G. ingvb UªvBeybv‡ji †Pqvig¨vb Ges mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ Gg.Avi. Lvb I c~e© cvwK¯Ívb nvB‡Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ gKmygyj nvwKg Gi m`m¨ wbhy³ nb| cÖavb dwiqv`x wn‡m‡e _v‡Kb cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKKvjxb ciivóªgš¿x I cÖL¨vZ cvÄvwe AvBbRxex gÄyi Kv‡ì| Aciw`‡K Avmvgx‡ì c¶ †bb Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivYxi AvBb welqK Dc‡`óv cÖL¨vZ AvBbRxex Ugvm DBwjqvg| GQvov Zv‡ì c‡¶ wQ‡jb W. Avjxg Avj ivRx, AvZvDi ingvb Lvb, Avãym mvjvg Lvb, RyjgZ Avjx, †gvjøv Rvjvj DwÏb I gI`y` Avng`mn eûmsL¨K AvBbRxex|

miKvi `y'wU cÖavb Lv‡Z 42 c„ôvi GKwU AvbyôvwbK Awf‡hvMcÎ `vwLj K‡ib| K‡qKwU cwiwk‡ó Awfhy³ e¨w³‡ì bv‡gi ZvwjKv, mv¶x, `wjjcÎvw`, AvjvgZ Ges Awfhy³ e¨w³‡ì QÙbvg ms‡hvRb Kiv nq| Awf‡hv‡M ejv nq †h, Awfhy³iv fviZ KZ…©K mieivnK…Z A¯¿k¯¿, †Mvjveviy` Ges Znwe‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Aby‡ôq GKwU mk¯¿ we‡`ªv‡ni gva¨‡g c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖ‡`k cwðg cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi lohš¿ K‡i‡Qb| G‡¶‡Î A_© MÖnY, A¯¿ †jb-†`b msµvšÍ wKQy `wjjcÎ DÌvcb Kiv nq hv c‡i Z`‡šÍ wg_¨v cÖgvwYZ nq| Acic‡¶ gvgjvi cÖavb Avmvgx †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi weiy‡× 16wU Awf‡hvM DÌvcb Kiv nq| GQvov Av`vj‡Z 11 R‡bi bv‡gi GKwU ZvwjKv ivRmv¶x wn‡m‡e Ges 12wU wPwV, 2 Kwc †UwjMÖvg, Ôevsjv‡`k' I Ô†eZvievYx' †jLv `y'wU ZvwiL wenxb KvMR, A_© †jb-†`b msµvšÍ `wjj, 10wU cÖe‡Üi GKwU ZvwjKv Ges 200 mv¶xi bvgmn 82wU `wjj DÌvwcZ nq| D‡Øvabx Awa‡ek‡bi ci Awfhy³‡ì c¶vej¤^bKvix‡ì gvgjv ˆZwii my‡hvM w`‡q cÖvq Pvi mßv‡ni R‡b¨ gvgjv gyjZex ivLv nq|

wKQyw`b ci gvgjvi wePvi ïiy nq| Avmvgx‡ì Revbew›` I mIqvj-Reve ïiy nq| Revbew›`‡Z cÖ_‡gB †kL gywReyi ingvb AvMiZjv gvgjv miKv‡ii nxb lohš¿ I gvgjv‡K wg_¨v e‡j AvL¨v †`b Ges G‡Z ZvwjKvfz³ Avmvgx‡ì wb‡`©vl `vwe K‡ib| Gfv‡e mKj Avmvgx wb‡R‡ì wb‡`©vl `vwe K‡ib| Acic‡¶ ivRmv¶x‡ì A‡b‡KB †Mvcb K_v duvm K‡i †`b Ges Zv‡ì †Rvic~e©K mv¶¨ w`‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡ib| Gi d‡j wePviKMY weeªZKi Ae¯’vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z _v‡Kb| Gi ga¨w`‡q ïbvbx 1969 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi gvm ch©šÍ Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|

GKw`‡K mv¶x‡ì wg_¨v ejvi Abxnv, Aciw`‡K Avmvgx‡ì †Rviv‡jv cÖwZev‡ì gy‡L AvMiZjv gvgjvi wePvi cÖwµqv wkw_j n‡q Av‡m| Avevi 1969 mv‡ji 20 Rvbyqvwi Avmv`y¾vgvb bvgK QvÎ‡K, 15 †deªyqvwi †R‡j AvMiZjv gvgjvi Avmvgx mv‡R©›U Rûiyj nK‡K Ges 18 †deªyqvwi ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK W. kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K nZ¨v Kivi cÖwZev‡` gvgjvi weiy‡× c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b e¨vcK MYAv‡›`vjb †`Lv †`q| †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb wb‡Ri `ye©j Ae¯’vb Abygvb Ki‡Z

Gm Gm GBP Gj


†c‡i 1969 mv‡ji 21 †deªyqvwi GK †eZvi fvl‡Y AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I e›`x‡ì wbtk‡Z© gyw³ cÖ`vb K‡ib| Gfv‡e AvMiZjv gvgjv wg_¨v I D‡Ïk¨g~jK gvgjv e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq|

cÖwZwµqv

AvMiZjv gvgjv ïiy nIqvi ci †_‡KB c~e©evsjvi ivR‰bwZK A½b DËß n‡Z _v‡K| 1968 mv‡ji Ryb gvm †_‡K 1969 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi ch©šÍ mvZ-AvU gvm a‡i G gvgjvi ïbvwb I †Rivi KvR PjwQj| G mgq cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÎ-cwÎKvq cÖwZw`‡bi gvgjvi wePv‡ii weeiY cÖPvi Kiv n‡Zv| cÎ-cwÎKv cv‡V RbMY Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡jv †h, cvwK¯Ívwb †K›`ªxq kvmK‡ì †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× cÖwZev` Kivi Kvi‡Y †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K AvMiZjv gvgjvq wg_¨vfv‡e RwoZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov wePv‡ii KvVMovq ùvwo‡q Avmvgx‡ì mvnwmKZv I miKv‡ii `ye©j Awf‡hvM RbMY‡K Av‡iv D‡ËwRZ I mvnmx K‡i †Zv‡j| G mgq ivR‰bwZK †bZ…Z¡ k~b¨Zv †`Lv †Ìqvq Av‡›`vj‡bi g~j †bZ…Z¡ MÖnY K‡i c~e©evsjvi QvÎmgvR| AvMiZjv gvgjvi weiy‡× cÖwZ‡iva I miKvwi wm×v‡šÍi weiy‡× cÖwZev` Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶ 1968 mv‡ji b‡f¤î gv‡m c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi QvÎjxM, QvÎ BDwbqb I WvKmyi QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq| cwil‡ì 11 `dv `vwei g‡a¨ GKwU cÖavb `vwe wQj AvMiZjv gvgjvi cÖZ¨vnvi I Avmvgx‡ì wbtkZ© gyw³`vb|

GKw`‡K QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡ì GMvi `dvwfwËK QvÎ Av‡›`vjb hLb †Rviv‡jv n‡Z _v‡K wVK †m gyn‚‡Z© 1969 mv‡ji 8 Rvbyqvwi cvwK¯Ív‡bi 8wU ivR‰bwZK `j wg‡j ÒMYZvwš¿K msMÖvg cwil`Ó (WvK) bvgK msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M 8 `dvwfwËK `vwe wb‡q AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`q| G AvU `dvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb `vwe wQj AvMiZjv gvgjvq ew›` †kL gywReyi ingvbmn Ab¨vb¨ ew›`‡ì gyw³`vb, wg_¨v gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi|

QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡ì 11 `dv Ges ÔWvK'-Gi 8 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z 1969 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi I †deªyqvwi gv‡m c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye we‡ivax GK MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi m~Pbv nq| WvK Ges QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` c„_K c„_Kfv‡e 17 Rvbyqvwi cÖwZev` wèm †NvlYv K‡i| Gw`b 144 aviv Agvb¨ K‡i QvÎiv wgwQj wb‡q †ei n‡j cywj‡ki jvwVPv‡R© eû QvÎ AvnZ nq| Gici cywjwk wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡` 18 Rvbyqvwi †_‡K cÖvq cÖwZw`b we‡¶vf Pj‡Z _v‡K| 18 Rvbyqvwi QvÎ‡ì Ici nvgjv Ges cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ‡ì †MÖdZv‡ii cÖwZev‡` 20 Rvbyqvwi XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi eUZjvq QvÎiv Rgv‡qZ nq Ges wgwQj wb‡q mgMÖ XvKv cÖ`w¶Y K‡i| Hw`b XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡Ri mvg‡b GKwU wgwQ‡j cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z QvÎ‡bZv Avmv`y¾vgvb wbnZ nb| Avmv‡ì g„Zzï msev` cÖKvwkZ n‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye we‡ivax QvÎ Av‡›`vjb Pig MwZkxjZv jvf K‡i| 21 Rvbyqvwi XvKvq gkvj wgwQj †ei Kiv nq Ges 24 Rvbyqvwi †`ke¨vcx niZvj WvKv nq| Hw`b cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z wK‡kvi QvÎ gwZDi ingvbmn K‡qKRb wbnZ nq| D‡ËwRZ RbZv cvwK¯Ívb cš’x cwÎKv Ôˆ`wbK cvwK¯Ívb I gwb©s wbDR'-Gi fe‡b Av¸b jvwM‡q †`q| c~e©evsjvi XvKv kni mvgwqKfv‡e miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i P‡j hvq| 24 Rvbyqvwii ci †_‡K Av‡›`vjb 1 w`bI †_‡g _v‡Kwb| cÖwZw`b GKw`‡K niZvj ag©NU Pj‡Z _v‡K, Aciw`‡K cywjwk wbh©vZb †MÖdZvi I nZ¨v Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|

AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Ges Avmv`mn Ab¨vb¨‡ì ¸wj K‡i nZ¨vi cÖwZev‡` c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb hLb Pig ch©v‡q ZLb 1 †deªyqvwi AvBqye GK †eZvi fvl‡Y we‡ivax `jxq



†bZ…e„‡›ì mv‡_ †Mvj‡Uwej êV‡Ki AvnŸvb Rvbv‡j QvÎ mgvR Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| 6 †deªyqvwi AvBqye XvKv md‡i Av‡mb wKšÍz e¨vcK cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡L wZwb 12 †deªyqvwi XvKv Z¨vM K‡i P‡j hvb|

†deªyqvwi gv‡mi GK PvÂj¨Ki NUbv nj 15 †deªyqvwi XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui wfZ‡i AvMiZjv gvgjvi wePvivaxb Avmvgx mv‡R©›U Rûiyj nK‡K cvnviv`vi wmcvnxiv ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i Ges Av‡iKRb wePvivaxb Avmvgx mv‡R©›U dRjyj nKI ¸wjwe× nb| Rûiyj n‡Ki nZ¨vi cÖwZev‡` †`‡k mwnsm Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V| Hw`b RbZvi we‡¶vf `ªyZ e„w× cvq| RbZv GK ch©v‡q GKRb gš¿xi evwo‡Z Av¸b awi‡q †`q| gyn‚‡Z©i g‡a¨B we‡¶vf mgMÖ XvKvq Qwo‡q c‡o| RbZv AvMiZjv gvgjvi cÖavb wePvicwZ Rvw÷m Gm.G. ingv‡bi evmfe‡b Av¸b jvwM‡q †`q| miKvi Av‡›`vjb‡K wbqš¿‡Y Avbvi Rb¨ 16 †deªyqvwi mgMÖ XvKvq †mbvevwnbx †gvZv‡qb K‡i| 17 †deªyqvwi Kvd©y¨ Rvwi Kiv nq Ges 18 †deªyqvwi †mbvevwnbx ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK Ges cÖ±i W. kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K KZ©eïZ Ae¯’vq webv Kvi‡Y nZ¨v K‡i| GQvov cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡ì ¸wj‡Z b~iyj Bmjvg bvgK GKRb wK‡kvi QvÎ AvnZ nq|

W. †Rvnvi nZ¨vi msev` XvKv †cŠuQy‡j Ae¯’vi `ªyZ AebwZ NU‡Z _v‡K| miKvi Ae¯’v ey‡S 19 †deªyqvwi KviwdD cÖZ¨vnv‡ii wm×všÍ †bq Ges µ‡g miKvwi bxwZ bgbxq n‡q Av‡m| 21 †deªyqvwi GK †eZvi fvl‡Y AvBqye Lvb Zvi c`Z¨v‡Mi K_v †NvlYv K‡ib| 22 †deªyqvwi miKvi †dŠR`vix AvBb ms‡kvabx evwZj K‡i Ges AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bq| 22 †deªyqvwi mKj †MÖdZviK…Z †bZv gyw³jvf K‡i| Gfv‡e e¨vcK MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi gy‡L miKvi bwZ ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| 23 †deªyqvwi gyw³cÖvß †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b GK weij MYm¤â©bv †Ìqv nq Ges Hw`bB wZwb QvÎ RbZvi HwZnvwmK Rbmfvq Ôe½eÜz' †LZve jvf K‡ib|

gvgjvi djvdj ev ¸iyZ¡

cvwK¯Ívb miKvi †h j¶ wb‡q AvMiZjv gvgjv `v‡qi K‡iwQj Zv m¤ú~Y© e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ n‡qwQj| A_©vr miKv‡ii c‡¶ G gvgjvi djvdj wQj m¤ú~Y© †bwZevPK| Acic‡¶ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK A½‡b Z_v mgmvgwqK ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡bi gyLcvÎ †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi Rb¨ G gvgjvi djvdj ev ¸iyZ¡ wQj AZ¨šÍ my`~icÖmvix|

cÖ_gZ, RbMY wew”QbœZvev`x loh‡š¿i K_v wek¦vm Kivi cwie‡Z© G gvgjv‡K evOvwj‡ì ¯^vwaKvi Av`vqKvix Av‡›`vjb `gb Kivi Rb¨ cvÄvwe‡ì lohš¿ wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i| c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì g‡b cvÄvwe kvmK‡ì weiy‡× Zxeª N„Yv, †¶vf I Awek¦v‡mi m„wó nq| Zviv Qq `dvwfwËK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vaxbZvi K_v wPšÍv Ki‡Z _v‡K|

wØZxqZ, †kL gywRe AcÖwZØ›`¡x †bZvq cwiYZ nb Ges Qq `dv I 11 `dv Kg©m~wP c~e©evsjvq mwZ¨Kv‡ii MY`vwe‡Z cwiYZ nq| D³ gvgjvi weev`xc‡¶i e³‡eï ga¨w`‡q ¯^vqËkvmb `vwe I Gi †hŠw³KZv cÖPvi Kivi PgrKvi my‡hvM cvIqv hvq| Zviv c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì cÖwZ cvÄvwe kvmK‡Mvôxi N„Yv I êl‡gï K_v me©mg‡¶ Zz‡j a‡ib|

Z…ZxqZ, AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii ga¨w`‡q cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii `ye©jZv cÖgvwYZ nq|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


PZz_©Z, AvMiZjv gvgjvi weiy‡× M‡o IVv e¨vcK MYAv‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L AvBqye Lvb ¶gZv Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| GUv wQj evOvwj‡ì GKUv weivU weRq|

1970-Gi wbe©vP‡b cÖfve

1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b AvMiZjv gvgjvi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve cÖwZdwjZ nq| miKvi gvgjvq Awfhy³ K‡i †kL gywReyi ingvb Z_v AvIqvgx jxM‡K Rbmg‡¶ †nq cÖwZcbœ K‡i cieZx© wbe©vP‡b mdjKvg n‡e Ggb Avkv K‡iwQj| wKšÍz Gi dj nq m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| c~e©evsjvi RbMY Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj †h AvMiZjv gvgjv evOvwj‡ì weiy‡× GKwU D‡Ïk¨g~jK gvgjv| Zviv GUvI Dcjwä Kij †h, cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii nv‡Z evOvwj‡ì Rxeb I m¤úwË KL‡bvB wbivc` bq| d‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe AwaKZi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv jvf K‡i Ges AvIqvgx jxM Z_v †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi RbwcÖqZv AwaKgvÎvq e„w× cvq| d‡j 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM †K›`ªxq cwil‡ì c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z 169wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 167wU Avmb jvf K‡i Ges cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡ì 300wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 288wU Avmb jvf K‡i GKK msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i| 1968 I 1969 mv‡j AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb‡K †K›`ª K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †h RvZxq HK¨ M‡o I‡V, '70 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b Zvi mwµq cÖfve cwijw¶Z nq|

mvims‡¶c

AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv wQj cvwK¯Ívb miKvi KZ…©K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †bZ…e„‡›ì weiy‡× M„nxZ GK D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z NUbv|miKvi †P‡qwQj G gvgjvi gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ív‡b µgea©gvb Av‡›`vjb‡K `wg‡q †i‡L ¶gZv Av‡iv `xN©¯’vqx I kw³kvjx Ki‡Z| wKšÍz †klch©šÍ miKvwi K‚U‡KŠkj wg_¨v e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq Ges miKvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv nvivq| †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lv‡bi c`Z¨vM I gvgjv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii ga¨w`‡q HwZnvwmK 6 `dv, 11 `dv Z_v evOvwj‡ì weRq AwR©Z nq|

mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ: 1| mvwn`v †eMg, AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖvmw½K `wjjcÎ, XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 2000|

2| Ave yi iDd, AvMiZjv gvgjv I Avgvi bvweK Rxeb, XvKv, c¨vwcivm, 1992|

3| gI y` Avng` (Abyev`: RMjyj Avjg), evsjv‡`k t ¯^vqËkvmb †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv, XvKv, BDwcGj, 1992|




1| AvMiZjv gvgjvi Avmvgx msL¨v wQjÑ (K) 28 Rb (L) 30 Rb (M) 32 Rb (N) 35 Rb| 2| †MÖdZviK…Z‡ì wePvi KvR ïiy nqÑ (K) nvB‡Kv‡U© (L) Kzwg©‡Uvjv †mbvwbev‡m (M) RR‡KvU© (N) cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b| 3| GB gvgjvi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jbÑ (K) wePvicwZ Avãym mvËvi (L) wePvicwZ Gm.G. ingvb (M) wePvicwZ gKmygyj nvwKg (N) Gm.Avi. Lvb | 4| Avmvgx‡ì c‡¶ cÖavb AvBbRxex wQ‡jbÑ (K) AvZvDi ingvb Lvb (L) RyjgZ Avjx Lvb (M) Ave`ym mvjvg Lvb (N) Ugvm DBwjqvg| 5| gvgjv PjvKv‡j cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi nv‡Z gvgjvi †h Ab¨Zg Avmvgx knx` nb wZwb n‡jbÑ (K) W. kvgmy‡¾vnv (L) Rûiyj nK (M) dRjyj nK (N) †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb| 6| RbM‡Yi `vwei gy‡L AvMiZjv gvgjv miKvi cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i 1969 mv‡jiÑ (K) 19 †deªyqvwi (L) 21 Rvbyqvwi (M) 22 †deªyqvwi (N) 21 gvP©| msw¶ß cÖkœ: 1| AvMiZjv gvgjvi welqe¯Íz eY©bv Kiyb| 2| AvMiZjv gvgjvi cwiYwZ wK n‡qwQj weeiY w`b| 3| GB gvgjvi djvdj ms‡¶‡c wjLyb| 4| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi †cQ‡b GB gvgjvi †Kvb f‚wgKv wQj e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:

1| AvMiZjv gvgjv m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c eY©bv w`b| GB gvgjvi cÖwZwµqv I ¸iyZ¡ g~j¨vqb Kiyb|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


QvÎ‡ì GMvi `dv Av‡›`vjb

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ • QvÎ‡ì GMvi `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf‚wg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • GMvi `dvi iƒc‡iLvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb; • GMvi `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi we¯Ívi Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • GB Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iyZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

fviZe‡l© weªwUk we‡ivax wewfbœ RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡b evsjvi QvÎmgv‡Ri mwµq AskMÖnY j¶Yxq| cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói ci c~e©vÂ‡ji Ici †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Ah_v n¯Í‡¶c, mvaviY gvby‡li AwaKvi niY I †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× wewfbœ RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡b evsjvi QvÎ mgvR ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb †_‡K ïiy K‡i ¯^vaxbZv AR©b ch©šÍ wewfbœ Av‡›`vj‡b QvÎ mgv‡Ri f‚wgKv wQj BwZevPK I cÖksmbxq| †Zgwb 1960-Gi `k‡Ki †klw`‡K QvÎ mgv‡Ri 11 `dvwfwËK MYAv‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vwaKvi Z_v ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U GK ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv K‡i|

11 `dvi cUf‚wg

cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii weiy‡× c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgv‡Ri cÖ_g msNe× cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V 1952 mv‡j evsjv fvlvi `vwe‡K †K›`ª K‡i| miKvi QvÎ Av‡›`vjb‡K K‡Vvi n‡¯Í `gb Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡jI †klch©šÍ QvÎ mgvRB Rqx nq| A_©vr miKvi evsjv fvlvi `vwe †g‡b †bq| c~e©evsjvq wØZxqevi QvÎ Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V 1962 mv‡j AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb‡K †K›`ª K‡i| G mgq XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq mn †`‡ki Avcvgi QvÎ mgvR Av‡›`vj‡b mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i Ges QvÎ Av‡›`vjb AvBqye Lv‡bi ˆ¯îkvm‡bi weiy‡× mKj Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j|

1966 mv‡j 6 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgvR mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i| we‡kl K‡i miKvi Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb `gb Kivi j‡¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix †kL gywReyi ingvb mn Av‡iv A‡bK †bZv-Kgx©‡K †MÖdZvi Ki‡j QvÎ mgvR miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q c‡o| 1966 mv‡ji 7 Ryb Zviv c~e©evsjvq e¨vcK MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| Hw`b cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z K‡qKRb QvÎ wbnZ Ges eû QvÎ †MÖdZvi nq| e¯ÍzZc‡¶ 7 Ryb QvÎ mgv‡Ri Ici cywjkx wbh©vZb c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgvR‡K miKv‡ii weiy‡× Av‡iv D‡ËwRZ K‡i †Zv‡j| 7 Ry‡bi ci miKvi

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6 `dv `vwe‡K †K›`ª K‡i c~e©evsjvq hLb QvÎ RbZv `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j ZLbB miKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi MwZaviv w¯ÍwgZ Kivi Rb¨ 1968 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb mn 35 R‡bi weiy‡× ÒAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvÓ bvgK GK wg_¨v gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i Ges †bZ…e„›`‡K Kviviy× Ki‡Z _v‡K| G mgq GKw`‡K AvIqvgx jxM †bZ…e„›`‡K Kviviy× Aciw`‡K Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji †bZ…e„›`‡K wbw®ŒqZvq c~e©evsjvq miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb A‡bKUv w¯ÍwgZ n‡q c‡o| evOvwji Ggwb msKUgq gyû‡Z© Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ MÖnY K‡i G‡`‡ki QvÎ mgvR we‡klZ QvÎjxM I QvÎ BDwbq‡bi `y'wU Ask Ges XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †K›`ªxq QvÎ msm` (WvKmy)| G Ae¯’vq 1969 mv‡ji 5 Rvbyqvwi WvKmy Kvh©vj‡q GK mvsevw`K m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq Ges D³ m‡¤§j‡b QvÎjxM I QvÎ BDwbqb (gwZqv I †gbb) Ges WvKmyi †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M Òme©`jxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`Ó MwVZ nq| WvKmyi mn-mfvcwZ (QvÎjxM †bZv) †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` Ges mvaviY m¤úv`K (RvZxq QvÎ †dWv‡ikb) bvwRg Kvgivb †PŠayix Ges Ab¨vb¨ K‡qKRb QvÎ‡bZv D³ †K›`ªxq msMÖvg cwil‡ì m`m¨ wQ‡jb| G msMÖvg cwil‡ì D‡`¨v‡MB c~e©evsjvi Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi `vwe m¤^wjZ HwZnvwmK 11`dv `vwe cÖYxZ nq| G 11 `dv Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ c~e©eZx© 6 `dv‡KI AšÍfz©³ Kiv nq|

11 `dvi iƒc‡iLv

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P. c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K wgwjwkqv ev c¨viv-wgwjUvwi i¶xevwnbx MV‡bi ¶gZv cÖ`vbmn c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b A¯¿ KviLvbv wbg©vY I †bŠ-evwnbxi mì `dZi ¯’vcb Kiv|

4_© `dv: cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi †ejywP¯Ívb, DËi-cwðg mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`k, wmÜzmn mKj cÖ‡`‡ki ¯^vqËkvmb cÖ`vb c~e©K mve-†dWv‡ikb MVb|

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11 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi we Ívi

GMvi `dvi `vwe¸‡jv‡Z mgv‡Ri me ¯Í‡ii gvby‡li `vwe mwbœ‡ewkZ nIqvq 1969-Gi Rvbyqvwi gv‡m hLb QvÎjxM I QvÎ BDwbq‡bi D‡`¨v‡M Ges XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †K›`ªxq QvÎ msm‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq MwVZ QvÎ msMÖvg KwgwU Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`q ZLb mviv †`‡ki RbMY I QvÎ mgvR †m Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY K‡i| †`‡ki RbgZ ZLb Ggb Zxeªfv‡e Av‡›`vjbgyLx n‡q D‡VwQj †h Rvbyqvwii (1969) Z…Zxq mßv‡n miKvwi QvÎ msMVb wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ Gb.Gm.Gd. `‡j fv½b a‡i Ges Gi GKvsk GMvi `dv Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`q|

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1969 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi gvmI wQj NUbveûj Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK A½‡b GK DËßKi Ae¯’v| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b 11 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb hLb Pig ch©v‡q ZLb 1 †deªyqvwi AvBqye Lvb we‡ivax `jxq ivRbxwZK‡ì mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi cÖ¯Íve w`‡j QvÎ mgvR AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii `vwe‡Z Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| 6 †deªyqvwi AvBqye Lvb XvKv md‡i Avm‡j me©ÎB cÖwZ‡iv‡ai m¤§yLxb nb| 9 †deªyqvwi QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` cë‡bi Rbmfvq AvMiZjv gvgjvmn mg¯Í ivR‰bwZK gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi, †MÖdZviK…Z‡ì gyw³ Ges mKj Kv‡jv AvBb evwZjmn Av‡›`vj‡b wbnZ‡ì cwiev‡ii Rb¨ ¶wZc~iY `vwe K‡i| 12 †deªyqvwi AvBqye Lvb XvKv Z¨vM K‡i P‡j hvb Ges †NvlYv w`‡q hvb †h, AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv m¤¢e bq| Zvi Giƒc †NvlYvi Kvi‡Y Ae¯’vi Av‡iv AebwZ N‡U| Gi cÖwZev‡` 14 †deªyqvwi WvK-Gi AvnŸv‡b mgMÖ cvwK¯Ív‡b niZvj cvwjZ nq| B‡Zvg‡a¨ 15 †deªyqvwi XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui †fZ‡i AvMiZjv gvgjvi wePvivaxb Avmvgx mv‡R©›U Rûiyj nK‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Ges 18 †deªyqvwi ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK Ges cÖ±i W. kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K nZ¨vi cÖwZev‡` c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b MYAv‡›`vjb MYAfy¨Ìv‡b iƒc jvf K‡i| †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb †KŠkjMZ Kvi‡Y 17 †deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L GK †NvlYvq 21 †deªyqvwi‡K miKvwi QywU †NvlYv K‡ib| wKšÍz Zv‡ZI Ae¯’vi DbœwZ bv nIqvq AMZ¨v 22 †deªyqvwi Ô†dŠR`vix AvBb' cÖZ¨vnvic~e©K AvMiZjv gvgjvmn mKj ivR‰bwZK gvgjvi Avmvgx‡ì wbtkZ© gyw³ cÖ`vb K‡i| Gi ga¨w`‡q 11 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi GKUv eo j¶ AwR©Z nq| Kvivgy³ †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K 23 †deªyqvwi cëb gq`v‡b me©`jxq QvÎ-RbZv GK m¤â©bvq Ôe½eÜz' Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ K‡i|

22 †deªyqvwii ci †_‡K †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb A‡bKUv bgbxq bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| 26 †deªyqvwi †_‡K mg‡SvZvi j‡¶ †Mvj‡Uwej êVK ïiy nq| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Awemsevw`Z †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb me©`v 6 `dv I 11 `dv wfwËK `vwe‡Z Abo _v‡Kb| Ae‡k‡l 10 gvP© AvBqye Lvb GK †Mvj †Uwej êV‡K msm`xq wbe©vPb msµvšÍ `vwei cÖwZ m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡ib| 15 gvP© †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb RvwZi D‡Ï‡k GK fvl‡Y c`Z¨v‡Mi K_v †NvlYv K‡i †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ib| e¯ÍzZc‡¶ AvBqye Lv‡bi c`Z¨v‡Mi ga¨w`‡qB 11 `dvwfwËK MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi weRq m~wPZ nq| GiciI 6 `dv I 11 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| Z‡e Av‡›`vj‡bi MwZ



Awnsmiƒ‡c AMÖmi nq Ges †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv KZ…©K mvaviY wbe©vPb †NvlYv ch©šÍ (1969 mv‡ji 28 b‡f¤î) Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|

11 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iyZ¡

evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq ¯^v_©i¶v I MYgvby‡li `vwe Av`v‡qi †¶‡Î QvÎ mgv‡Ri 11 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb AZ¨šÍ Zvrch©en Aa¨vq iPbv K‡i| wewfbœ w`K †_‡K G Av‡›`vjb wQj ¸iyZ¡c~Y©-

1. Qq `dvi ¸iyZ¡ e„w×: QvÎ mgvR Zv‡ì 11 `dv `vwei g‡a¨ Qq `dv `vwe AšÍfz©³ K‡i HwZnvwmK 6 `dv `vwei ¸iyZ¡ e„w× K‡i‡Q| Gi ga¨w`‡q ivR‰bwZK `‡ji m‡½ QvÎ msMV‡bi †hvMm~Î iwPZ nq Ges †hŠ_fv‡e `vwe Av`vq m¤¢e nq| 18 Rvbyqvwi n‡Z Av‡›`vjb cÖavbZ QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡ì wbqš¿‡Y P‡j hvq|

2. Av‡›`vj‡b HK¨ m„wó: 11 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb we¯Ív‡ii Av‡M evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡b wek¦vmx K‡qKwU `j Qvov Gi cÖwZ A‡bK `j mg_©b †`qwb| wKšÍz Avmv‡ì knx` nIqvi ci RvgvZ, Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q Bmjvg QvÎ nZ¨vi cÖwZev` Rvbvq| Gi cÖwZev‡` we‡ivax`j cwil‡ì Awa‡ekb eR©b K‡i| Ggb wK wcwÛ I KivwP‡Z QvÎiv 11 `dvi c‡¶ mnvbyf‚wZ Rvbvq| miKvwi `j Gb.Gm.Gd.-G fv½b a‡i Ges GKvsk 11 `dv mg_©b †`q|

3. ga¨weË I K…lK †kªYxi ¯^v_©i¶v: 11 `dv `vwei g‡a¨ QvÎ mgvR ga¨weË I K…lK †kªYxi ¯^v_© m¤^wjZ `vwe mshy³ K‡i me©¯Í‡ii gvby‡li mg_©b jv‡f m¶g nq|

4. `ye©vi MYAv‡›`vjb m„wó: Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb w¯ÍwgZ n‡q co‡j QvÎ mgvR 11 `dvwfwËK GK `ye©vi MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡Z m¶g nq| G MYAv‡›`vjb 1969 mv‡j GK MYAfy¨Ìv‡b cwiYZ nq|

5. AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi: QvÎ‡ì GMvi `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi Pv‡c eva¨ n‡q †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i mKj ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›ì gyw³ cÖ`vb K‡i Ges Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ K‡i|

6. AvBqye Lv‡bi c`Z¨vM: AvBqye Lvb cÖej cÖZv‡ci mv‡_ GK `kK mvgwiK kvmb Ae¨vnZ ivLvi ci Ae‡k‡l 1969 mv‡j cÖej QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| Gw`K †_‡K 11 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iyZ¡ wQj Acwimxg|

7. msm`xq MYZš¿ I †fvUvwaKvi ¯^xK…wZ: mvgwiK miKvi AvBqye Lvb `ye©vi QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L 1969 mv‡ji 10 gvP© †Mvj †Uwej êV‡K msm`xq MYZš¿ I mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡ib| hwÌ Zv Kvh©Ki n‡qwQj †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi mgq| wKšÍz AvBqye Lv‡bi g‡Zv mvgwiK RvšÍv KZ©„K Abyiƒc ¯^xK…wZ cÖKviv‡šÍ MYAv‡›`vj‡biB weRq n‡qwQj|

8. evsjv fvlvi gh©v`v e„w×: GMvi `dvq me©¯Í‡i evsjv fvlvi eënvi wbwðZ Kivi `vwe DÌvc‡bi gva¨‡g QvÎ mgvR evsjv fvlvi gh©v`v e„w× K‡i‡Q| ZvQvov GMvi `dv Av‡›`vj‡b AvBqye Lvb KZ…©K 21 †deªyqvwi‡K miKvwi QywU †NvlYv K‡ib| Gi d‡j evsjv fvlvi gh©v`v e„w× cvq Ges fvlvwfwËK RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv Av‡iv my`„p nq|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


9. A_©‰bwZK gyw³i `vwe: 6 `dvi gZ GMvi `dvq evsjvi gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK gyw³i `vwe Zy‡j aiv nq| d‡j evsjvi gvbyl wb‡R‡ì Ici cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb‡ì †kvlY Av‡iv fvj K‡i Dcjwä K‡i|

10. wk¶vi cÖmv‡ii c_ Db¥yL: QvÎ mgvR Zv‡ì GMvi `dvq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wk¶v cÖwZôvb I QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì KwZcq `vwe Zz‡j aivi gva¨‡g c~e©evsjvi wk¶vi we¯Ív‡ii c_ Db¥y³ K‡i‡Q|

11. ivRbxwZ‡Z QvÎ‡ì ¸iyZ¡ e„w×: c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi QvÎ mgvR 11 `dvwfwËK `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjv Ges †`kevmxi cÖv‡Yi `vwe miKv‡ii m¤§y‡L Zz‡j aivi gZ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡q G AÂ‡ji ivR‰bwZK A½‡b QvÎ mgv‡Ri ¸iyZ¡ e„w× K‡iwQj|

12. ¯^vaxbZvi exR wbwnZ: QvÎ‡ì `ye©vi Av‡›`vj‡b AvBqy‡ei cZ‡bi ci mKj Av‡›`vj‡b QvÎ mgvR Amvgvb¨ K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^v¶i iv‡L| 1970 mv‡j wbe©vPb I GKvË‡ii gyw³hy‡× 6 `dvwfwËK ¯^vqËkvmb AR©‡b QvÎiv AMÖYx f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nq| GKvË‡ii Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb I gyw³‡hv×v‡ì eo Ask wQj QvÎ I Ziyb| Zv‡ì Ae`vb I AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi d‡j ¯^í mg‡q evOvwj ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^v` MÖnY K‡i|

mvims‡¶c

c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK A½‡b GK µvwšÍj‡Mœ QvÎ mgvR Zv‡ì 11 `dv wb‡q Dcw¯’Z nq| GB GMvi `dvq †`‡ki me©¯Í‡ii gvby‡li `vwe ¯’vb cvIqvq QvÎ mgvR e¨vcK Rbmg_©b jv‡f m¶g nq| Avi GMvi `dvwfwËK MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi Pv‡c mvgwiK RvšÍv AvBqye Lvb AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi, ivRew›`‡ì gyw³ cÖ`vb I me©‡k‡l wb‡R c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| Gi ga¨w`‡qB GMvi `dv Z_v QvÎ mgv‡Ri weRq m~wPZ nq| evsjvi ivR‰bwZK A½‡b QvÎ mgvR Zv‡ì gh©v`vm¤úbœ ¯’vb K‡i wb‡Z m¶g nq| ZvB 6 `dvi g‡Zv GMvi `dvI mKj Av‡›`vj‡b †cÖiYv †hvMvq| QvÎ mgvR Av‡›`vj‡bi †h `x¶v I †KŠkj MÖnY K‡i Zv GKvË‡i gyw³hy‡× ev¯Íevq‡bi my‡hvM cvq|

mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ: 1| nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×: `wjjcÎ, wØZxq LÛ, XvKv, Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq,

1984| 2| W. †gvnv¤§` nvbbvb, evsjv‡`‡ki QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm, wØZxq LÛ, XvKv, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 1994| 3| mvjvn&DwÏb Avng` I Ab¨vb¨ m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm 1947Ñ1971, XvKv,

AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 1997|


1| 11 `dv cÖYq‡bi cÖv°v‡j QvÎ‡ì Av‡›`vjb‡K †eMevb Ki‡Z WvKmy I Ab¨vb¨ QvÎ msMV‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ msMV‡bi bvg wKÑ

(K) QvÎjxM (L) QvÎ BDwbqb (M) QvÎ cwil` (N) me©`jxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`|



2| 11 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi mgq WvKmy'i mn-mfvcwZ wQ‡jbÑ (K) †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` (L) bvwRg Kvgivb †PŠayix (M) gwZqv †PŠayix (N) Ave`yi iDd| 3| 11 `dv Kg©m~wP cÖ_g †NvwlZ nq 1969 mv‡jiÑ (K) 7 Ryb (L) 5 Rvbyqvwi (M) 8 Rvbyqvwi (N) 17 Rvbyqvwi| 4| 11 `dvi g‡a¨ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †NvwlZ 6 `dv mwbœ‡ek Kiv nqÑ (K) 2 b¤î `dvq (L) 3 b¤î `dvq (M) 11 b¤î `dvq (N) 7 b¤î `dvq| 5| 11 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjbKv‡j miKvwi QvÎ msMV‡bi bvg wQjÑ (K) c~e© cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg QvÎjxM (L) wbwLj c~e© cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg jxM (M) Gb.Gm.Gd. (N) wbwLj cvwK¯Ívb QvÎ ms¯’v| 6| GMvi `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡¶ cÖ_g knx` nb QvÎ‡bZvÑ (K) Rûiyj nK (L) Avmv`y¾vgvb (M) kvgmy‡¾vnv (N) Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD bq| msw¶ß cÖkœ: 1| QvÎ‡ì GMvi `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf‚wg ms‡¶‡c wjLyb| 2| 11 `dv Av‡›`vjb wKfv‡e AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb‡K Z¡ivwb¦Z K‡i ms‡¶‡c wjLyb| iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:

1| ms‡¶‡c QvÎ‡ì 11 `dvi eY©bv w`b| evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m Gi ¸iyZ¡ g~j¨vqb Kiyb| ˆbe©¨w³K cÖ‡kœi DËigvjv:

cvV-1: 1| (M); 2| (N); 3| (L)|

cvV-2: 1| (L); 2| (K); 3| (N); 4| (M); 5| (K); 6| (L)|

cvV-3: 1| (L); 2| (M)|

cvV-4: 1| (N); 2| (K); 3| (M); 4| (M)|

cvV-5: 1| (M); 2| (L); 3| (M)|

cvV-6: 1| (N); 2| (L); 3| (L); 4| (N); 5| (L); 6| (M)|

cvV-7: 1| (M); 2| (K); 3| (L); 4| (L); 5| (M); 6| (L)|

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cvwK¯Ív‡b mvgwiK kvmb I c~e©evsjv · Gm Gm GBP Gj BDwbU--- c„ôv 116 AvBqye Lvb I †gŠwjK MYZš¿ D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb- • †gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨