175

cWofo !@

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

cfdfn] cfkm\gf] aRrf PSn}n] :ofxf/ ubf{ ysfO nfU5 . o; sfdsf nflu k|foh;f] cfdfn]

kl/jf/, ;fyL, l5d]sL / wfO{cfdfsf] ;xof]u lng'k5{ .

ckfª\utf ePsf s}og\ dlxnfn] aRrf x'sf{pg] tl/sf l5§} l;S5g\ . t/, cfk\mg} ckfª\tfsf]

sf/0f klg c?sf] ;xof]u lnO/x]sfn] aRrfsf] b}lgs x]/rfxsf nflu klg cGo ;xof]uLsf]

cfjZostf k5{ . gjhft lzz'nfO{ v'jfpg' tyf k6s k6s yfª\gfx¿ k]ml//xg' kg]{ x'G5 .

o;sf/0f c?sf] ;xof]u lng c;lhnf] dfGg' x'Fb}g . ;xof]uLx¿n] aRrfsf] x]/ljrf/ ubf{ub}{

;s];Dd ;'Ts]/L cfdfx¿nfO{ klg ;xof]u ug{ ;S5g\ .

hlt g} w]/} c?sf] ;xof]u lnP klg ;'Ts]/L g} lzz'sf] cfdf x'g\ . aRrfsf] :ofxf/ ug{ s;}sf]

;xof]u lnP klg hGdlbg] cfdf cfdf g} x'g\ . x]g{, ;'Gg, p7\g / ;dfpg c?sf] e/ kg]{ u/]sL cfdf

eP klg cfk\mgf] aRrfsf] cfjZostf, ;'/Iff / ;Da[l4sf nflu s] s;/L ug]{ eGg] af/]df lg0f{o lng]

sfd pg}sf] xf] . lbg/ft cfk}m;Fu /fVg] qmddf aRrfn] cfdfsf] cg'xf/ b]V5, af]nL ;'G5 / cfdfsf]

z/L/sf] e]p kfpF5 tyf af:gf dx;'z u5{ / log} s'/fx¿n] cfk\mgf] cfdf sf] xf]– lrG5 .

176

aRrfnfO{ eljiodf c? dflg;;Fu ;DaGw ufF:g ;lhnf] x'G5 .

l;Sg / a'em\g ;d:of ePsf dlxnfo:tf ckf+utf ePsf dlxnfx¿ klg c;n cfdf aGg ;S5g\ . o:tf dlxnfx¿n]

aRrfsf] c;n cfdf x'gsf nflu cfk\mgf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o;Fu cfjZos ;xof]u lng' k5{ .

Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿;fgf aRrfx¿nfO{ /ft lbg cfxf/f lbg' / :ofxf/ ug'{ kb{5 . o;n] ubf{ cfdfn] /fd|/L

;'Tg kfpFlbgg\ . aRrfn] /ftdf klg k6sk6s Ao"Femfpg] x'gfn] cfdfnfO{ ;fwf/0ftof lbp;f]sf]

;dodf ysfO dx;'; x'G5 . Tolt xF'bf xF'b} klg cfdfn] aRrfsf] x]/rfx ul//xg' kb{5 .

o;sf/0f c?af6 lgDg sfdsf nflu ;xof]u lng' k5{ M–

• aRrfnfO{ ;kmf;'U3/ /fVg .

hLjge/sf nflu cfTdLo ;DaGw :yfkgfaRRffsf] cfdf of d'Vo :ofxf/ ug]{ JolQm:fFusf] /fd|f] ;DaGwn]

g} aRrfsf] zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s ljsf;df k|efj kf5{ . aRrf /

cfdfaLr 3lgi6tf sfod x'gfn], aRrfn] ;'/lIft dx;'; u5{ /

• aRrfsf] :jf:Yo hfFr ug]{ cj:yf

atfOlbg .

• cf}iflw v'jfpg' k/]sf] a]nfdf cf}iflwsf]

dfqf gfk ul/lbg .

• lgDg s'/faf6 aRrf ;'/lIft 5 eg]/

lglZrt ug'{ k5{, h:t}

— n8\gaf6

— kf]lngaf6

— hgfj/af6

— laiffn' kbfy{af6

— xflgsf/s a:t' d'vdf /fVg glbg / lgNg g;Sg] j:t' d'vdf /fVg glbg

— rf]6k6s nfUg glbg .

:tgkfg u/fpg ;Sg] cfdfn] a§fsf] b"w v'jfpg' cfjZos 5}g . t/ :tgkfg u/fpg g;Sg]

cfdfn] a§fsf] b"w jf cGo b"w /fd|/L tof/ u/]/ rDrfsf] ;xfotfn] aRrfnfO{ b"w v'jfpg' k5{ .

d cfdf x'F eGg] p;n] lrG5 . p;n] d]/f]

ckfª\utfaf/] ce}m e]p kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .

aRrf ;fgf] 5, dnfO{ aRrf n8fpF5' ls eg]/

8/ nfU5, cfdf dnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{xf];\ g .

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

177

:tgkfg;Dej eP;Dd aRrfnfO{ cfdfn] g}

:tgkfg u/fpg' kb{5 . aRrf hGd]sf] @÷# lbg

;Dd cfpg] cfdfsf] kx]+nf] b"w -ljuf}tL_ aRrfsf]

;j}eGbf pQd cfxf/ xf] . o:tf] b"wn] aRrfsf]

k]6 ;kmf x'G5 . of] b"wdf gjlzz'nfO{ cfjZos

kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ kf]if0ftTjx¿ x'G5g\ / o;n] /f]u

nfUgaf6 klg arfpF5 . k|;:t dfqfdf :tgkfg

ug]{ lzz'nfO{ s'g} klg /;flb hGd3"F6L of lrgL–kfgLsf] cfjZostf kb}{g . ;Dej eP;Dd ^

dlxgf;Dd cfkm\gf aRrfnfO{ cGo cfxf/ glbO{

:tgkfg dfq u/fpg' k5{ . olb aRrfnfO{

:tgkfg u/fpg Hofb} g} sl7gfO 5 eg] xftn] cfdfsf] b"w g} ;jf]{Qd

lgrf]/]/ b"w s'g} ;kmf efF8fjt{gdf hDdf u/]/ -rDrf skåf/f_ b"w v'jfpg] ug'{xf];\ .

:tgkfg clt cfjZos 5 lsgeg] M

aRrfnfO{ :j:y / tGb'?:t kfg]{ ;aeGbf pQd cfxf/ cfdfsf] b"w xf] .

:tgkfgn] ;'Ts]/L e};s]kl5 /ut hfg] k|lqmofnfO{ /f]S5 .

cfdfsf] b"waf6 kvfnf, lgdf]lgof h:tf ;+qmd0fx¿af6 arfpg] zlQm aRrfsf] z/L/df

hfG5 .

:tgkfgn] cfdf / aRrf cfTdLo ;DaGw a9fpF5 .

sltko dlxnfnfO{ :tgkfgn] ^ dlxgfleq ue{jtL x'gaf6 arfpF5 .

:tgkfgsf] k};f nfUb}g .

ckfª\utf ePsf clwsf+z dlxnfx¿n] cfkm\gf aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpg ;S5g\ . s;}s;}nfO{

eg] :tgkfg u/fpFbf aRrfnfO{ 7Ls;Fu /flv/fVg c?sf] ;xof]u cfjZos k5{ . sf]xL cfdfsf] b"w

k|z:t cfpFb}g . s'g} s'g} ckfª\utfsf] sf/0fn] cfdfx¿ -dlxnf_ ysfO / sdhf]/L dx;'; ub{5g\ .

o;sf/0f cfdf cfk"mn] g} aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpg ;S5' ls ;lSbg eg]/ lg0f{o lng' k5{ .

aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg s;/L u/fpg]

o; aRrfsf] d'vn]

cfdfsf] :tg /fd|/L

Rofk]sf] 5 .

o; aRrfsf] d'vn]

cfdfsf] :tg /fd|/L

Rofk]sf] 5}g .

k|foh;f] aRrfx¿n] :tgkfg ug]{

tl/sf hGdhft hfg]sf x'G5g\ . t/,

ltgLx¿nfO{ :tgsf] d'G6f k]mnf kfg{ ;xof]u

ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . aRrfsf] d'vn] cfdfsf] :tg

/fd|/L Rofk]sf] x'g' kb{5 / d'G6f] d'vsf]

leqL efu;Dd k'Ug' h?/L x'G5 .

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

178

aRrfnfO{ s;/L ;dfpg] jf af]Sg]z'?df b"w VjfpFbf b'Vg ;S5 . t/ aRrfsf] cf;g 7Ls

5 eg], aRrfn] /fd|f];Fu r':g yfN5 . olb o:tf] gePdf

cfdfsf] a:g] tl/sf jf aRrfsf] a:g] tl/sf x]/k]m/ ub}{

r';fpg' k5{ . aRrfsf] d'vn] :tgnfO{ /fd|/L Rofk]sf] 5 5}g

lglZrt ug'{ k5{ .

k|foM dlxnf -cfdf_ n] ufpFsf jf 3/sf cGo dlxnfx¿n]

:tgkfg u/fPsf] b]v]/ g} :tgkfg u/fpg l;Sb5g\ . ufpFdf

ckfª\utf ePsf sf]xL dlxnf cfdf eO{;s]sL 5g\ eg] pgL;Fu ;/;Nnfx lng ;lsG5 .

ckfª\utf ePsf w]/}h;f] dlxnfn] cfkm'nfO{ ;lhnf] dx;';

x'g] cj:yfdf dfq} cfkm\gf] aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpFb5g\ .

s]xL dlxnfn] 9f8 / kfv'/fnfO{ c8]; lbg] s';L{ jf cf]5\ofgdf

a;]/ :tgkfg u/fpg ;lhnf] 7fGb5g\ . o;/L v'§fn] klg s]xL

j:t'dfly cf8 lnP/ cf/fd kfpF5 .

kfv'/f / z/L/sf] dflyNnf] efu /fd|/L rnfpg ;Sg], cfdfn]

klg aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpg ;lS5g\ . aRrfsf] 6fpsf] /fd|f];Fu

cf8 nfu]sf] / cfdfsf] a;fO klg cf/fdbfoL x'g' kb{5 eGg]

s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg' k5{ .

:tgkfg u/fpFbf cfdfn]

aRrfsf] 6fpsf], kl5Nnf]

efuaf6 ;dfpg' kb{5 jf

l;/fgLsf] cf8 lnO{

;lhnf];Fu :tgkfg

u/fpg' kb{5 .

cfdfx¿n] :tgkfg u/fpgsf nflu Pp6f ;lhnf]] a;fO tl/sf kQf nfpg' k5{ . olb

cfdfnfO{ cfjZos k¥of] eg] c?;Fu klg ;xof]u lng ;lsG5 . oxfF s]xL ;'emfjx¿ 5g\ .

cfdfx¿n] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ jf ;fyL;Fu ;xof]u lng ;Sg' x'G5 . pgLx¿n] aRrfnfO{ s;/L

;dfpFbf cfk'mnfO{ aRrfnfO{ b"w r';fpg ;lhnf] x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/f atfpg' k5{ . cfjZos k¥of]

eg] aRrfnfO{ vf; u/L p;sf] 6fpsf] ;dfpg] plrt tl/sf atfOlbg' k5{ . cfkm\gf] aRrf

;dfpg g;s] klg :tgkfg ug]{ qmddf aRrfn] cfdfsf] cg'xf/ b]Vg ;S5, tyf Gofgf] dx;'; u5{

/ cfdfsf] z/L/sf] af:gf rfn kfpF5 .

w]/}h;f] dlxnfx¿ cfk"m sf]N6f] k/L aRrfnfO{ l;/fgL of a]/]sf]

sk8fdfly sf]N6f] kf/]/ :tgkfg u/fpg ;lhnf] dfGb5g\ .

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

179

:tgkfg u/fpg g;Sg]n] s] ug]{:tgkfg u/fpg g;Sg] cfdfn] cfkm\gf]

b"w :tgaf6 lgsfnL srf}/f jf skdf /fvL

v'jfpg ;lsG5 . olb cfk}mn] :tgaf6 b"w

lgsfNg g;s]df cfkm'n] laZjf; ug]{ s;};Fu

;xof]u lng' k5{ .

aRrfsf] tf}n a9]sf] 5 / lbgdf slDtdf

^ k6s lk;fj k]mg]{ u5{ eg] p;n] /fd|/L

:tgkfg ug{ kfPsf] 5 jf b"w k'u]sf] 5 eGg]

s'/f a'lemG5 .

:tgsf] x]/larf/ 3/kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] klg cfdfnfO{

aRrfnfO{ b"w v'jfpg d2t ug{ ;S5g\ .

:tg b'Vg':tg b'Vg'sf] sf/0f :tgsf] d'G6f]df 3fp jf :tg b"wn] el/P/ tyf s8f eP/ x'g ;Sb5 .

k|foh;f] o:tf] b'vfO{ !÷@ lbgdf g} lj;]s eOxfN5 . :tgdf kL8f eO/x]tf klg aRrfnfO{

:tgkfg u/fO/xg' / aRrfnfO{ k6sk6s r';fO/xg' k5{ . :tgkfg gu/fPdf :tg uflgg ;S5 .

d'G6fdf 3fp x'g' jf lrl/g'aRrfn] b"w r':bf :tgsf k"/} d'G6f]sf ;fy} :tgnfO{ klg

d'vn] /fd|/L Rofk]sf] x'g' k5{ . olb p;n] d'G6f] dfq Rofk]/ b"w

r':g] u¥of] eg] :tgsf d'G6fdf 3fp x'g] jf lrl/g] u5{ .

/f]syfd / pkrf/• aRrfn] hlta]/ / hlt k6s b"w r':g vf]H5, :tgkfg

u/fpg' k5{ .

• b"w r';fO;s]kl5 Psb'O{ yf]kf b"w lgrf]/]/ :tgsf] d'G6fdf bNg' k5{ .

• :tgdf ;+qmd0f ePsf avt afx]s c? a]nf :tgsf] d'G6fdf ;fa'gn] w'g' jf lqmd bNg'

xF'b}g . z/L/n] agfO/xg] k|fs[lts t]nn] g} d'G6fnfO{ g/d / ;kmf /fVb5 .

• :tg sl:;g] jf kfl5g] vfnsf sk8f nufpg] ug'{

x'Fb}g .

• aRrfn] r':bf ;fx|} b'Vg] u/]df xft}n] b"w lgsfn]/

skdf /fvL rDrfn] v'jfpg] ug'{ k5{ . d'G6fsf] 3fp

@ lbg hltdf lgsf] eO;S5 .

• :tg s8f x'g / w]/} g} el/g lbg' xF'b}g . olb aRrf

c3fP/ klg b"w lgv|g ;s]g eg] :tgnfO{ tftf]

sk8f jf tf}lnofn] 5f]k]/ lgrf]/]/ b"w kmfNg' kg]{

x'G5 . s]xL ;dokl5 aRrfn] vfg] hlt b"w dfq cfpF5 / b"w uflgg] ;d:of x'Fb}g .

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

180

sfO{ kg"{aRrfn] ;xL cj:yfdf g} b"w r'l;/x]sf] ePklg Ps

xKtf;Dddf klg b'v]sf] 7Ls ePg eg] :tgsf] d'G6fdf sfO{

k/]sf] x'g ;S5 . sfO{ kg'{ eg]sf] Psk|sf/sf] kmË; ;+qmd0f

xf] . :tgsf] d'G6f r/sr/s u/]/ kf]Ng] / b'Vg] x'G5 . aRrfsf]

d'vdf ;]tf] wAaf jf /ftf]kg b]vfk5{ . o:tf] a]nfdf aRrf w]/}

?G5 .

o; sfO{sf sf/0fn] d'G6f] lrl/g] / :tgdf ;+qmd0f x'g]

ub{5 . o;sf/0f cfdf / aRrf b'a}sf] pkrf/ u/fpg' kb{5 .

sfO{ k/]sf] pkrf/ s;/L ug]{)=@%Ü h]lG;og efon]6sf] 3f]n agfpg] . o;sf

nflu ahf/df !Ü h]lG;og efon]6sf] 3f]n :jf:Yorf}sL of

ahf/af6 Nofpg' xf];\ . / ;f] 3f]nsf] ! lrof rDrfdf tLg

lrof rDrf kfgL ld;fpg' xf];\ / o;kl5 )=@%Ü h]lG;og

efon]6sf] 3f]n aG5 .

;kmf skf;nfO{ l;Gsf]df a]g]{ / ;f] skf;lt/sf] efudf

3f]n rf]k]/ :tgsf] d'G6fdf / aRrfsf] d'vdf ePsf] ;]tf]

bfu ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ efudf bNg'xf];\ . of] 3f]n nuftf/ %

lbg;Dd k|of]u ug'{xf];\ . h]lG;og efon]6 nufpbf aRrfsf]

d'v / :tgsf] d'G6f a}hgL /Ëdf kl/0ft x'g5 . h'g ;fdfGo

cj:yf xf] . of] 3f]n nufPsf avt :tgkfg u/fO/xg'kb{5 . 3f]n nufPsf] # lbg ;Dddf

clnslt klg l7s ePg eg] :jf:YosdL{sf] ;Nnfx lng'xf];\ .

:tg ;+qmd0f -:tg ;"hg_:tg b'Vg' jf d'G6fdf 3fp jf lrl/g] ;d:ofaf6 g} :tg ;+qmd0f x'g

hfG5 .

;+s]tx¿• :tgsf] efu tftf], /ftf], ;'lGgg' / cToGt kL8f x'g'

• Hj/f] jf sfd 5'6\g'

• k|foh;f] sfvLd'lgsf] ;|fjgnL (Lymph node) k'mlNnP/ ufF7f]

h:tf] aGg' of 3fp x''g'

• :tgleq ag]sf] 3fp slxn]sfxL+ k'm6]/ kLk lg:sg' .

sfO{ k/]sf]

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

181

pkrf/aRrfnfO{ nuftf/ :tgkfg u/fpg' kb{5 . klxn] ;+qmd0f

ePsf] :tgaf6 b"w r';fpg'xf];\ jf xftn] lyr]/ kmfNg'xf];\ . of]

;+qmd0f aRrfdf ;b}{g .

• kof{Kt cf/fd ug]{ / t/n÷emf]n kbfy{ ;]jg ug]{ .

• :tgkfg u/fpg'eGbf !% ldg]6 cufl8 g} tftf] sk8fsf]

;]s lng] . b'vfO sd u/fpg :tgkfg gu/fPsf avt

lr;f] sk8fsf] ;]s lng] .

• aRrfn] r'l;/x]sf] :tgdf xNsf;Fu dfln; ug]{ .

• 6flnPsf b'wsf gnLx¿ / :tg ;'h ePsf] :yfgdf

tftf] kfgLdf lehfPsf] sk8fsf] ;]s lnFbf kmfO{bf ub{5 .

• b'vfO sd ug]{ kf/fl;6fdf]n cf}iflw vfg] / :jf:YosdL{;Fu

;Nnfx lng] .

PrcfOle÷P8\; / :tgkfgPrcfOle÷P8\; ePsf s'g} s'g} cfdfsf] b"waf6 aRrfnfO{ ;+qmd0f ;5{ . t/, sltko

PrcfOeL ePsL cfdfn] :tgkfg u/fPsf aRrfx¿ ;+qmldt ePsf 5}gg\ . lsg PrcfOeL

s;}nfO{ ;5{ s;}nfO{ ;b}{g eGg] sf/0f yfxf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;DejtM PrcfOeL lgDg cj:yfx¿df

a9L ;5{ M

• cfdf ev{/} PrcfOeLaf6 ;+qmldt ePsL l5g\ eg] .

• P8\;af6 l;ls:t cfdfaf6 .

• :tgkfg ;fy} jf]tnaf6 cGo b"w jf t/n kbfy{ v'jfOPsf] cj:yfdf .

• :tgsf] d'G6fdf 3fp jf :tgdf ;+qmd0f ePsL cfdfaf6 .

• aRrfsf] d'vdf sfO{ ;+qmd0f 5 eg] .

o:tf] cj:yfdf, s;/L aRrfnfO{

;'/lIft agfpg] eGg] tl/sf tf]Sg

;ls+b}g . o; sf/0f h] u/]tf klg,

aRrfnfO{ PrcfOeL eof] eg]

cfkm'nfO{ bf]ifL 7fGg' xF'b}g

hxfF ;kmf kfgLsf] ;'ljwf 5}g ToxfF w]/} aRrfx¿ kvfnfaf6

la/fdL k5{g\ / s}og d5{g\ klg . o;} u/L hxfF cleefjsx¿n]

aRrfnfO{ cGo k|sf/sf] b"w lknfpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sb}gg\, To;

cj:yfdf aRrfx¿ s'kf]lift eO{ d5{g\ . o:tf cj:yfx¿df clwsf+z

cfdfx¿ PrcfOeL ePsL l5g\ eg] klg pgLx¿sf nflu aRrfsf]

cfxf/f lbg] ;'/lIft pkfo eg]sf] :tgkfg g} xf] .

PrcfOle ePsfn] :tgkfg u/fp“bf Wofg lbg' kg]{ s'/fx¿PrcfOlesf] cf}iflw k|of]u ul//x]sL cfdfaf6 :tgkfg

u/fOx]sf a]nf efO/; ;g]{ sd ;Defjgf x'G5 . t/, PlG6/]6«f]efO/n

cf}iflw k|of]u gu/]s} eP klg lgDg tl/sfn] :tgkfgnfO{ ;'/lIft

u/fpg ;lsG5 M

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

182

• aRrfnfO{ ^ dlxgf;Dd :tgkfg dfq u/fpg] . cfdfsf] b"w vfPsfeGbf a§fsf of c?vfn]

b"w, cfxf/ jf k]o kbfy{ vfPsf aRrfx¿nfO{ ;+qmd0f x'g] a9L ;Defjgf x'G5 .

• ^ dlxgfkl5 :tgkfg gu/fpg] t/ b"w e\mjf§} g5'6fO{ qmdzM 5'6fpg' kb{5 .

• :tgsf d'G6fdf 3fp x'g glbg aRrfnfO{ ;xL cf;gdf /fvL :tgkfg u/fpg'xf];\.

• -aRrfsf] lhj|f] / :tgsf] d'G6fsf]_ sfO{, d'G6fsf] 3fp / :tg ;+qmd0fsf] t':Gt pkrf/

u/fpg] .

• ;'lGgPsf] jf 3fp ePsf] :tgaf6 aRrfnfO{ b"w gr';fpg] To;sf] b"w lgsfn]/ kmfNg' k5{ .

;f] :tg lgsf] gx'Fbf;Dd aRrfnfO{ csf]{ :tgaf6 b"w v'jfpg' k5{ .

cGo k|sf/sf b"wsf] k|of]u ug'{ k/]dfaRrfnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpg' /fd|f] xf] . t/ :tgkfg u/fpg ;Dej gx'Fbf cfdfsf] b"wsf] ;§f

cGo k|sf/sf h:t} a§] b"w klg ;'/lIft x'g ;S5 .

a§] b"w lsGg g;Sg]n] PrcfOeL÷P8\; gePsf gft]bf/ tyf ;fyLsf] b"w cfkm\gf] aRrfnfO{

v'jfpg ;lsG5 of aRrfnfO{ ufO{j:t'sf] b"w v'jfpg ;lsG5 .

aRrfnfO{ ufO{j:t'sf] b"w v'jfp“bfufO{j:t'sf] b"wdf aRrf a[l4 x'gsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ kof{Kt le6fdLgx¿ xF'b}gg\ .

^ dlxgf k'u]kl5 aRrfnfO{ ;fu;JhL tyf kmnkm'nsf] /; / cGo vfB kbfy{x¿ v'jfpg'

kb{5 .

aRrfnfO{ sk / rDrfaf6 s;/L b"w v'jfpg] .:tgkfg u/fpg g;Sbf eg] aRrfnfO{ rDrf jf sksf] k|of]u u/]/ cfdfs} b"w, ufO{j:t'sf]

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kfb{5 t/ aRrfnfO{ ;fg}af6 af]Sg z'? ul/Psf] 5 eg] kl5

klg afgL kb}{ hfG5 . aRrf 7"nf] xF'b} / ux|f}+ eO/x]sf] eP

klg cfkm\gf] z/L/sf] ;Gt'ng sfod /fVg ;lsG5 .

xft kfv'/fx¿ /fd|/L rnfpg g;Sg] cfdfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿aRrfsf] :ofxf/;';f/ s;/L

ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/faf/] ckfª\utf ePsf

c? dlxnfx¿nfO { klg cfkm \gf

cg'ejx¿ atfpg'xf];\ .

of] aRrf af]Sg k|of]u ug]{ emf]nf xf],

o;sf] k|of]u ubf{ kfv'/fdf a9L hf]8

gkg]{ / aRrfnfO{ klg ;lhnf] x'G5 .

of] emf]nf cufl8 jf k5fl8 b'a} kl§af6

af]Sg ;lsG5 .

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

190

XjLn lro/ jf 7]nf k|of]u ug]{ cfdfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿XjLn lro/ jf 7]nf rnfpgsf nflu cfk\mgf b'j} xftx¿

k|of]u x'g] x'gfn] To:tf cfdfx¿n] cfkm\gf] aRrf sfvdf jf xftn]

af]Sg d'l:sn kg{ ;S5 . t/ aRrf af]Sg] emf]nf 3fF6Ldf jf cufl8lt/

le/]/ aRrfnfO{ ;'/lIft ;fy af]s]/ cfkm\gf] XjLn lro/ u'8fpg

;lsG5 . o:tf] emf]nf leg'{sf ;fy} sDd/df klg afFWg'k5{, h;n] ubf{

aRrf otfplt rNg kfpFb}g .

;f+s]lts efiff k|of]u ug]{ cfdfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿;f+s]lts efiff k|of]u ug]{ cfdfn] aRrf af]Sg] emf]nfdf g} aRrf

af]Sg] ug'{ k5{, o;f] ePdf pgsf] cfk\mgf xftx¿ ;+fs]lts efiff ug{

:jtGq x'G5g\ .

5f/] /f]u jf d[uL 5 eg]5f/] /f]uLnfO{ cfk"mnfO{ ;d:of slt a]nf x'G5 / sltsf] s8f x'G5

eGg] yfxf x'G5 . olb aRrf

af]ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf 5f/]n]

cfqmd0f u¥of] eg] e'O{Fdf v;]/

aRrf g/fd|/L 3fOt] x'g of dg{ klg ;S5 .

;Dej eP;Dd 5f/]/f]u gePsf JolQmx¿nfO{

cfkm\gf] / aRrfsf] ;fydf /fVg'k5{ . 3/df ;w}+ jf

slxn] PSn} a:g] ul/Psf] 5 eg] aRrfsf nflu ;'/lIft

:yfgsf] k|aGw ug'{k5{ / aRrfnfO{ ;w}+ ;f]xL :yfgdf

/fVg] ug'{ k5{ . aRrf;Fu} otfptf g8'Ng'xf];\ / sf]7fdf

wfl/nf] of rf]6k6s nfUg] a:t' g/fVg'xf];\ . o;f] ePdf

lrqdf b]vfOPsf] h:tf] rs6L, o;sf b'O{lt/sf Ohf/nfO{ sDd/df afFWgfn] aRrfnfO{ ;'/lIft ;fy

sfvdf /fVg ;lsG5 .

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

191

d[uL eOxfNof] eg] klg aRrf / cfdf b'j} ;'/lIft /xg ;S5g\ . aRrfnfO{ vfgf v'jfpFbf,

g'xfOlbFbf, sk8f nufO{lbFbf e'O+{df /fVg] ugf{n] pm ;'/lIft /xg]5 .

aRrf jfd] ;g{ / lxF8\g yfn]kl5, 9f]sf / l;F9Ldf s]xL 5]sfjf/ nufpg' k5{ . o;f] ePdf

klg aRrf ;'/lIft /xg]5 .

aRrf afd] ;g{ / lx“8\g yfn]kl5sf] x]/rfxaRrf afd] ;g{ / lxF8\g yfn]sf ;'?sf] cj:yfdf aRrfnfO{ x]/rfx ug{ h'g;'s} cfdf

afa'nfO{ ufx|f] kb{5 . a9\bf] aRrfsf nflu s'b\g' / lxF8g' :j:ys/ s'/f xf] . /, ;'?–;'?df aRrfx¿

n8\5g\ . o;af/] w]/} lrGtf lng' x'Fb}g . n8\g' / p7\g' afn lasf;sf] ;fdfGo k|lqmof xf] .

l56f] lx“8\g g;Sg] cfdfn] ug'{kg]{ s'/f;–;fgf aRrfx¿ l56f] rnlkm/ ug{

;S5g\ / pgLx¿nfO{ ;lhn} rf]6k6s nfUg]

x'G5 . t/ cfdfx¿ vt/gfs cj:yfx¿ -

h:t} df]6/ cfPlt/ s'b\g of r'Nxf]df kg{_

af6 aRrfnfO{ hf]ufpg pgLx¿sf kl5kl5

s'b\g ;Sb}gg\ . o;sf/0f To:tf cfdfx¿n]

aRrfsf] gf8Ldf 8f]/L afFWg] / aRrf vt/fdf

kg{ nfu] p;nfO{ cfk"mlt/ tfGg] Joj:yf

ug' {k5{ . To; 8f]/LnfO{ ;dft]/ /fVg

g;Sg]x¿n] To;sf] Pp6f 6'Kkf cfk\mgf]

sDd/df afFWg] ug'{ k5{ .

/fd|/L cf“vf b]Vg g;Sg] jf b[li6ljxLg ePdfaRrf ;fgf] x'Gh]n Ps} lj5\of}gfdf aRrf;Fu} ;'Tg'k5{ . o;f]

ePdf aRrfn] s] / sxfF 5 eGg] s'/f yfxf x'G5 .

aRrf a9\b} uPkl5 jfd] ;/]/ of rnlkm/ ug{ yfN5 . o:tf]

cj:yfdf p;sf] v'§fdf aHg] kfph' nufOlbof] eg] ah]sf] ;'g]/

pm sxfF 5 eg]/ yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 .

aRrfnfO{ rf]6k6s gnfuL 3'dlkm/ ug]{ / v]Ng] sf]7f of

:yfg tof/ ug'{ k5{ . To; :yfgdf s'g} klg wfl/nf] of ltvf] lrh

/fVg' x'Fb}g . sf]7fx¿jLr, / e¥ofª jf 3/aflx/ lg:sg] b}nf]x¿df

5]sfjf/ nufpg] ug'{ k5{ . o;f] ePdf pm ;'/lIft /xG5 .

aRrfsf] :jf:Yo ;'/Iffsf nflu ul/g' kg]{ s'/fx¿aRrfx¿ la/fdL ePkl5 uN5g\ . aRrfx¿ l;ls:t la/fdL

ePkl5 slxn] sfFxL arfpg g} ufx|f] k5{ . To;}n] aRrfsf] /f]usfz'?sf ;+s]tx¿nfO{ Wofg lbg' / pgLx¿nfO{ t'?Gt} pkrf/

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

192

u/fpg' kg]{ x'G5 .kvfnf -g/d jf kftnf] lb;f_ aRrfx¿df eO/xg] s'/f xf] t/ jo:snfO{ eGbf pgLx¿sf

nflu of] vt/gfs xf] . olb aRrfnfO{ kvfnf nfu]df t'?Gt} pkrf/sf] aGbf]a:t ug'{k5{ / To;sf

;fy}M

• cfdfsf] b"w a9L dfqfdf v'jfpg' k5{ .

• p;sf] cfxf/f 5'6fpg' xF'b}g .

• k|;:t dfqfdf emf]n kbfy{ lbOg' kb{5 .

k'gh{nLo emf]nn] aRrfsf] z/L/df kfgLsf] dfqf sd x'g /f]S5 / sd ePsf] 5 eg] pkrf/

u5{ . vf; u/L lzz' / ;fgf aRrfn] w]/} kftnf] kvfnf u/]sf] 5 eg] of] pkfon] Hofg arfpF5 .

k'gh{nLo emf]n agfpg] b'O{ -@_ tl/sfM!= lrgL / g'gaf6 -lrgLsf] ;§f pv'sf] /; jf v'bf]_

b'O{ dfgf of rf/ lrof lunf; ;kmf

kfgL pdfn]/ lr;f] kf/L cfwf lrof rDrf g'g

/fVg] / 3f]Ng] . of] 3f]n cfF;'eGbf sd g'gLnf]

xf];\_ / ;f] 3f]ndf * lrof rDrf lrgL 3f]Ng] .

To;kl5 aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg z'? ug]{ . hlt

dfqfdf kvfnf rn]sf] 5, ;f]xL dfqfdf v'jfpg] .

@= cGgsf] lk7f] / g"g M -;jeGbf /fd|f]

rfdnsf] lk7f] x'G5 jf clt g} dl;gf] u/L

lk;]sf] ds}sf] lk7f], ux'F / hf}+sf] lk7f] jf

pl;g]/ ldr]sf] cfn'_

b'O{ dfgf of rf/ lrof lunf; ;kmf kfgLdf cfwf lrof rDrf g'g /fVg] / 3f]Ng] . of] 3f]n

cfF;'eGbf sd g'gLnf] xf];\_ / ;f] 3f]ndf * lrof rDrf dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] dWo] s'g} Ps 3f]Ng] .

/ To;kl5 %–& ldg]6 hlt ksfO{ df8 agfpg] / t'?Gt} lr;f] kf/L aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg z'? ug]{ .

hlt dfqfdf kvfnf rn]sf] 5, ;f]xL dfqfdf v'jfpg] .

x/]s k6s aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg' cl3 uGxfof] of lju|of] ls eg]/ rfVg] . cGgsf df8x¿ udL{

dlxgfdf s]xL 306fdf g} lju|G5g\ .

;f] df8df c? k]o kbfy{ klg yKg ;lsG5 M h:t} df};d cg';f/sf kmnk"msf] /;, gl/jnsf]

emf]n, kfs]sf] s]/f ldr]/ ag]sf] n]bf] cfwf lunf;hlt ;f] k'gh{nLo emf]ndf yk ug{ ;lsG5 . oL k]o

kbfy{df kf]6fl;od gfds tTj x'G5, h'g tTjn] aRrfnfO{ w]/} vfgf / emf]n vfg ;xof]u ub{5 .

dxTjk"0f{ s'/fM ;s];Dd cfkm\g} ;d'bfo jf 3/df kfOg] j:t' / gfkjf6 k'gh{nLo emf]n

agfpg] ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . 3/df agfPsf] cGgsf] df8 agfP/ v'jfpFbf k|;:t dfqfdf ;kmf kfgLsf]

k|of]u ug'{kb{5 .

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

193

:j:y / w]/} /f]ux¿af6 ;'/lIft /fvL aRrfnfO{ x'sf{pg] dxTjk"0f{ # j6f tl/sfx¿ tnpNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ M• kf]lifnf] vfgf

• ;/;kmfO

• /f]u la?4 vf]ksf] Joj:yf

kf]lifnf] vfgfaRrfnfO{ ;s];Dd a9L kf]lifnf] vfgf v'jfpg' k5{ . o;f] ePdf aRrf /fd|/L

x's{G5g\ / la/fdL klg kg]{ ub}{gg\ . d'Vo s'/f], aRrfx¿nfO{ lbgdf k6s–k6s

k|;:t dfqfdf vfgf v'jfpg' kb{5 .

;/;kmfOaRrfx¿ tyf 3/cfFug ;kmf /flvg] ul/Psf] 5 eg] aRrfx¿ :j:y x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 .

tn s]xL ;'emfjx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ M

• aRrfnfO{ ;kmf u/L k6s–k6s sk8f

k]ml/lbg' kb{5 .

• aRrfnfO{ laxfg p7]kl5, lb;f–lk;fj

u/]kl5 / vfgf 5'g' jf vfg' cl3kl5 xft

/fd|f];Fu w'g' kb{5 eg]/ l;sfpg' kb{5 .

• aRrfnfO{ zf}rfno tyf :gfg3/ k|of]u

ug]{ tl/sf l;sfpg' kb{5 .

• aRrfnfO{ vfnL v'§f lxF8\g lbg' x'Fb}g /

h'QfrKkn nufpg l;sfpg' kb{5 .

• aRrfnfO{ ;w}+ bfFt dfem\g' l;sfpg' k5{

/ pgLx¿nfO{ sf]sf]sf]nf h:tf k]o

kbfy{x¿ vfg] afgL gkfg'{xf];\ .

• gËx¿ ;fgf] kf/L sfl6lbg'xf];\ .

• aRrfnfO{ la/fdL, 3fp, n'tf], h'd|f jf

bfb ePsf aRrf;Fu v]Ng, ;'Tg / pgLx¿sf sk8f nfpg tyf tf}lnof k|of]u ug{

glbg'xf];\ .

• aRrfnfO{ n'tf], bfb÷b'xjL, h'd|f, h'sfx¿ tyf aRrfaf6 aRrfdf ;lhn} ;g]{ ;+qmd0fx¿

b]lvPdf t'?Gt pkrf/ ug'{xf];\ .

• aRrfnfO{ kmf]x/ j:t'x¿ d'vdf /fVg lbg' x'Fb}g / s's'/, la/fnf] cGo hgfj/nfO{ aRrfsf]

cg'xf/ rf6\g lbg' xF'b}g .

• ;'Fu'/, s's'/, xfF;, s'v'/f 3/aflx/ /fVg' kb{5 .

aRrfsf] x]/rfx

194

• ;kmf, pdfn]sf] jf 5fg]sf] kfgL dfq lkpg] ug'{xf];\ . vf; u/L aRrfsf] nflu t o:tf] ug}{ k5{ .

• aRrfnfO{ sfnfhf/, dn]l/of h:tf /f]uaf6 arfpgsf nflu d58bfgL jf e"mnsf] k|of]u

ug'{xf]; .

/f]u la?4 vf]ksf] Joj:yfvf]kn] ;fdfGotof w]/} vt/gfs /f]ux¿ la?4 ;'/Iff

lbG5 . o;sf/0f cfkm\gf aRrfnfO{ glhs}sf] :jf:Yo rf}sLdf

nu]/ vf]k lbg'k5{ . aRrf :j:y ePsf] cj:yfdf vf]k lbFbf

/fd|f] dflgG5 . ha pgLx¿ la/fdL kb{5g\ clg pgLx¿nfO{

pkrf/sf nflu n}hfg' kb{5 . vf]k ;fdfGotof lgMz'Ns kfOG5

/ aRrfsf nflu ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ vf]kx¿ lgDg 5g\ M

vf]k slxn ] lbg] gf]6 la= l;= lh=

-Ifo/f]u lj?4_

hGd ]sf] lbgb]lv jf cg's "n

k/]sf lbg hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] .

bfofF kfv '/fdf lbg] ul/G5 . o; sf]

; 'On ] 3fp kf5{ / To;sf] vt ga;]

k 'gM csf]{ k6s nfpg' cfjZos 5 .

8L=kL=6L=

-Eofu 't ]/f]u, nx/]v f]sL /

wg'i6+s f/ lj?4 _

klxnf] ; 'O {– aRrf hlGdPsf]

^ xKtfb]lv ! jif{leq

bf]; |f ] ; 'O {– klxnf] ; 'O{ lnPsf]

$ xKtfkl5 .

t ]; |f ] ; 'O {– bf]; |f ] ; 'O { lnPsf] $

xKtfkl5 .

s ]xL b]zx¿df aRrf $ b]lv ^ aif{sf]

x'Fb f yk Ps k6s lbOG5

kf]n Lof] g ]kfndf x/]s dlxgfdf !–!

dfqf u/L # k6s v 'jfpg]

ul/G5 .

s ]xL b]zdf, ! dfqf hGd]kl5

/ # dfqf l8lk6L vf]k

; Fu;Fu } lbOG5 .

c? b]zx¿df klxn] # dfqf l8=lk=l6=

sf] vf]k; Fu / rf}yf] dfqf !@–!*

dlxgfdf / kfrf}+ $ aif{sf] pd]/df

lbOG5 .

bfb'/f klxnf] vf]k ( dlxgf b]lv #

jif{leqdf aRrfsf] bfofF

lt3|fdf ; 'O nufOG5 .

bf]; |f ] vf]k !% dlxgfdf .

w ]/} b]zx¿df Pp6} cf}iflwdf tLgj6f

/f]usf] sfd ug]{ u/L Pp6f vf]k tof/

kfl/Psf] x 'G5 . hd{g bfb '/fsf] vf]k

!@–!% dlxgfdf klxnf] k6s / $–^

aif{s f] pd]/df bf]; |f] k6s lbOG5 .

l6= 8L= jf l6= l6

wg'i6+s f/ la?4 lbOG5 .

jo:ssf nflu / !@

aif{ eGbf dflysf

afnsnfO{ lbOG5 .

x/]s !) aif{d f Ps ;'O { .

s ]xL b]zdf (–!! aif{sf]

aLrdf of l8lkl6 sf] clGtd

vf]k lbPsf] % aif{kl5

lbOG5 / csf]{ dfqf x/]s !)

aif{d f lbOG5 .

ue{jtL dlxnfn ] lbPdf aRrf

wg'i6+s f/af6 ;'/lIft x'g;S5g \ .

lnPdf

aRrfsf] x]/rfx