Cyber Enabled Ships Assurance Jonathan Earthy

18th April 2018

Cyber Enabled Ships – The “Cyber Ship”

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Today’s leading suppliers and operators want

to innovate, using the latest technologies

from ICT sector.

This new era, of digitalisation in the marine

sector we are calling the ‘cyber ship’.

The assurance of dependability for such

ships goes beyond knowledge gained from

previous systems and applying prescriptive

requirements. It considers a “total systems”

engineering approach throughout the

lifecycle.

The Cyber Enabled Ship

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What can be connected in a Cyber Ship?

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• Navigation (ECDIS, AIS, GPS,…)

• Communication

• Propulsion and Steering

• Power Generation, Management,

and distribution

• Ventilation & chilled water

• Fuel, lubrication & other ancillaries

• Fire Fighting and Emergency Systems

• Flood / Stability

• Cargo Systems

• Accommodation Systems

• Dynamic Positioning

… nearly any system…

Cyber Enabled Ships - access

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LR has classified cyber enabled technology in five types for

autonomy/remote access

Cyber Enabled Ships – descriptive notes

Cyber-SAFE

Ship can be operated safely at defined Autonomy/Remote Access Level

Cyber-MAINTAIN (Conditioned Based Maintenance)

Cyber enabled CBM. Supported by an update to MCM/MCBM ShipRight

Cyber-SECURE

Cyber-security assured at a level beyond that required for safe operation at a

defined Autonomy/Remote Access Level

Cyber-PERFORM

Ship can safely achieve performance targets through cyber-enablement to a

defined Autonomy/Remote Access Level.

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four descriptive notes in the areas of cyber enablement:

Cyber Enabled Ships – assurance Structure

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System level LR Assurance Activities LR Document

Ship Cyber Ship Certification

Risk

Assessment(HAZID)

Design Appraisal

Survey (On board test)

Cyber-enabled ships

ShipRight Procedure

Ship systems Cyber Systems Approval

Risk

Assessment(HAZID)

Design Appraisal

Survey

Cyber-enabled ships

ShipRight Procedure

Components Cyber System

Component Type

Approval

Design Appraisal

Type Testing

Production Assessment

LR Type Approval

Procedures

Cyber Enabled Ships – risk-based

● Functionality provided by cyber-enabled systems ranges from

simple remote monitoring with crew on board to fully

autonomous vessel.

● As risks vary considerably, assessment includes the

identification of hazards introduced by cyber-enablement and

the effectiveness of proposed mitigations.

● Starting point is understanding the context of use and

operational concept for the selected systems.

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ShipRight Procedure

Cyber Enabled Ships – assessment procedure

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ShipRight - Risk Based Design (RBD) review process:

Review and

acceptance by

assurance team

Review and

acceptance by

First Entry

Descriptive

Notation agreed

START END

Design and

Safety

Statement

Criteria

Satisfied

Risk

Assessment

Final Design

Assessment

NO

YES

*RBD Process

Survey by local

team / sea trials

evidence

All usual class

activities

Entry to Class,

with AL

descriptive notes Class actions

complete

HAZID Report RBD Process*

Revision and

Supporting

Studies

Cyber Enabled Ships – technical areas

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9 Key Risk Areas for a Cyber Enabled Ship:

• Human Interaction

• Data Quality

• System Architecture

• Hardware

• Software

• Communications and Network

• System Integration

• Configuration Management

• Cyber Security

Cyber Enabled Ships – Human-system issues

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Each of the five types of autonomy/remote access raises new issues

Crewed manual

operator takes

decisions and

executes

operation.

Responsibility

onboard.

Crewed

automated

system’s

decisions &

operations.

Onboard

action or

supervision

required.

Responsibility

onboard.

Crewed

remotely

controlled

system’s

decisions &

operations.

Offship

operator’s

action, on/

offship

supervision

required.

Responsibility

onboard.

Unmanned

remote

controlled

system

decisions &

operations.

Offship

operator’s

action or

supervision.

Responsibilit

y offship.

Unmanned

autonomous

Self-operating

system.

Decisions and

operations

without the

need of an

operator’s

intervention or

supervision.

Responsibility

where?

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Thank you

For more information on cyber-enabled ship services please

contact:

Tom White

Lead Specialist - Innovation

Lloyd’s Register Global Technology Centre,

Southampton SO16 7QF, UK

Tom.white@lr.org