LECTURE 01 What is New Media?

LECTURE 04Cyber Security from National Security PerspectiveCourse: Introduction to New MediaCourse code: NM401Course Instructor: Khansa Tarar

24-03-2015Khansa Tarar11Cyber Security: National Security Policy Debate Cybersecurity is becoming a central feature ofthe national security policy debate.For Example: Congress is mobilizing committees and sub-committeesto address the myriad of issues that cyber technology has raised.24-03-2015Khansa Tarar2How it StartedInternet was developed, firstby the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the 1970s for military purposes Ultimately commercialized for everyone to use by the 1990s, it washeralded as a purely positive technologicaladvance that would transform society.24-03-2015Khansa Tarar3Cyber SecurityFrom a national security perspective, there are three mainaspects of cyber security: exploitation, defense and offense.24-03-2015Khansa Tarar4ExploitationThe first involves identifying hardware and application vulnerabilities of networks to obtain critical information,a modern form of espionage. But it is not purely for passivepurposes, because huge amounts of information can be exfiltrated and can be used to hamper military operations.24-03-2015Khansa Tarar5DefenceThesecond is the building of measures to make it more difficult forattackers to degrade, disable or destroy protected networks.24-03-2015Khansa Tarar6OffenseThe third is to take initiatives to disable offensive capabilitiespreventively or preemptively that are themselves intendedfor cyber attack.This third area is especiallycontroversial because it runs up against possible violations ofnational sovereignty in order to conduct preventive or preemptive attacks.24-03-2015Khansa Tarar7Major challengesThe national security community is wrestling with severaltough problems which will take considerable time and effort toresolve. These include:1. declaratory policy2. deterrence policy3. authorities and responsibilities4. guarantees of civil liberties24-03-2015Khansa Tarar8Contd5. oversight6. international consultations, negotiations andagreements7. cross-domain deterrence and responses8. strengthen private sector-government cooperation

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