SOCIETIES,
COMPARATIVE
STATISTICS
OF
MEMBERSHIP,
CHARTS,
PLATES,
MAPS,
AND
Albert C.
to
United
States.
Freemasonry,
of
of
secret
society
fact
that
cere-
and schoolhouses.
older
breth-
ren
as
well,
OF
Fraternities
a
valuable
attention
addresses
of
all
thirty-third
more
seem
to
sophical
Society,
Mrs.
attention of
Masonic students.
of Negro
Odd Fel-
ville, Ind.
England Order of
Protection, Boston, Mass.
Paterson,
N.
J.
ductors, Cedar Rapids,
M. (negro),
Philadelphia, Pa.
Gerard, D.
M.,
Bal-
sociation,
Toronto,
Ont.
Irving,
A. M.,
F., College Fraternities,
of
Honor,
Yon-
Rechabites,
Washington,
A.
M.
(negro),
Newark,
N.
J.
Petter,
Frank
S.,
Loyal
Additional
Benefit
Sons
of
New
AV.
J.,
Adjutant-General,
Sons
timore,
Md.
G. W.,
Peters-
York,
burg.
111.
Fraternal
Mys-
gion,
Waverly,
N.
Y.
tic
Circle,
Egypt.
Sullavon,
M. (ne-
has
been
of
the
some
of
in
twenty-one
the
adult
still in
an
organization
until
1870,
American Mechanics (Senior and
others
spreading
a
Greek letter
fraternities did
not begin
combines
the
features
organiza-
of
friendly
Legion of
the assessment beneficiary
has
fraternities
by
carrying
R.
R.
tury,
ribbon
1,000,000
mem-
bers
of
is
not
as
encircle the ]\Iystic
attained the
thirty-second degree.
dependent in
33°,
1S70, b}--
of Dr.
Society,
Order
in
follows
tash.
to
ear.
Shortly
Algiers
and
Aleppo
that
ple
Aleppo.
Through
list of
 
from
our juris-
tions
of Isis. This
all
existence
in
Bektash
hundred
thou-
far East. The chief
It will justly
date of
ancient
Greeks
used
the
crescent
as
 an
emblem
among
Moslems,
that city.
In that
day after
:
;
December. Maryland
Temple,
Call
of
Potentate
; Springfield,
Melha
and
Aug-
Wednesday
cluded.
Carolina :
Thursday. Ohio : Cincinnati,
Call
of
Potentate
Third
Sep-
tember,
December.
Virginia
of
and South
and
fraternal
Nobles
S.
of
the higher
(See
Freemasonry
among
Negroes.)
The
Mr.
States
to
was
0.
N.
M.
secret
organiza-
tion,
had
a
disregard
of
that
time,
designed
to
bring
the Vehmic
Alte
Orden
con-
its
pro-
ceedings
''from
wife
and
wind,
and
the
members
recognized
each
other,
S.
S.
G.
G.,
or
of
more
the
procedure
of
these
door at
lived,
by
any one
found present
punish-
death
meet him was bound to
put him to death
of
law
and
Orden der
taken
ties incorporated.
the organization of the third Lodge in
this
but
compara-
affairs, but
of
bodies.
the
The
regalia
is
composed
Order
for
a
Marshal
is
ceremonials
of
workingmen's
in
virtue,
with
feed
'*to
three
Noble
account set forth
The third theory,
sonry,
was,
and
houses
or
palaces
or
tion
ipso
facto
for
all
acting
De
Cormenin,
Secret
associ-
ations
not
per-
mit
being
hurtful
to
the
tranquility
of
from the
ordina-
kindled by
In
branches
1738
was
confirmed
of the
Free-
masonry,
Pius
of the
Eoman Church
sustained.
A
reply
perance,
socie-
themselves
not
stop
to
consider
to draw
the
doctrines
of
the
in
 mysteries which
he may
hereafter be
blusphemies
against
God,
it will not
penalties,
with
no
other
individual bishops may
in the
obligations,
and
an
initiatory
ceremony.
demn
the
tliat meeting,
as being opposed
been
ac-
forced
to-day,
Tlie
consequences
of
the
United
at
the
and
members
At
a
of
the
religion
naturally
leads
to
ends
compose
them,
of
the
the
God-aiDjJointed
agency
for
sistent
mason, had a book
of
the
amount
of
the
execution
and the
public were
was
Morgan's,
notwithstanding
power
through
a
ance
gave
have
been
claim
election,
or
alive,
after
fessed
to
him
says
he
affair for
early in
St.
Louis,
states,
latter
virtually
in
that
State.
National
Repub-
who
wrote
movement
Robison was
tions in
less,
1828,
a
desigiied
solely
to
advance
the
interests
of
had declared
in
the
and in the
further fact that
lished
as
secret
fair
as
given the earlier rituals of
some
of
them
do
ternity has
for successful
Americans; one man in
every thirteen in the
country is a member
of the Fraternity, and
societies
in
the
from
children,
Masons,
that
a
universal
language,
stripped of
everything he
of political
city, they have
feelings, and
and feel social
opera-
because they enjoyed
there
arose
we
would
say,
oldest
found
a
striking
parallel
to
the
offshoot of the Sons
characteristics of the latter.
1841,
years
after
Temple and the death
the formation
don in
of England;
foregoing, the results of
ray Lyon
of Scotland,
Albert Pike,
the earliest
cient
ritualists may
have found
teenth century. They
and it has
institution. The real Rosicrucians
France,
and
in an
efi^ort
youth, which
time, but not
from the sym-
evidence of it aside from the fact
that Free-
tri-
angles,
the
seventeenth
and
the
were the
that
Freemasonry
still
finds
legend
that
the
Knights
Templars,
at
the
destruction
of
the
modification
of
world
is
bold,
indeed,
organization
for
them
all.
The
teenth
and
fifteenth
centuries,
because
of
the
freedom
not
have
been
the
source.
During
the
speculative
fraternity,
as
the
brother of Athelstan,
sequent
of the
(which see)
but
are
by
of
one
through the valley
Avords
based
reans as
the leading
forty-seventh
problem
of
Euclid,
a
cipher,
dred
years
prior
to
1717,
bols.
It
also
shows
traces
of
the
Vehmge-
judgments with
guilds, or
of
there natu-
rally came
a
charter
for
a
a period
of
subordinate
tively opposed
engaged in
from
the
orig-
inal
an
able
1756,
which
he
addressed it to  the
where the
eighteenth century.
of
Ancients.
that at
Lodges
which
Lodge
of
England
in
1717),
upon petition, were restored
land south of
the
original
Lodges looking to
a
dom
other
serious
great English Grand
without
forms
the
army, navy, and
diplomatic service furnish-
world. The
logical
FIRST MASONIC
by
first
setts,
it
declared
The death of Warren,
Lodge
its
Grand
1792 the
of
the
marked
iel Coxe, as Provincial
years
after
Grand
Lodge
out-
the Ancients and Moderns in England,
that
Georgia,
direct from England, there were rival
Grand
change
Craft has since ceased
were
evolved
nent. Some
systematized twenty-five
of so-
neither
230S-
the Rite
or
*''01d
Grand
Perfection,
Chapter
to
civilized
country
of
it is
upon that
lish
Rite
have
been
erected
of
of
craftsman to
rites in use
or sym-
or rites,
of
in
Rite of the
Grand Lodge of
Rite,
Rite (in
a mixture
of the
English and
French Rites,
of the
of
Lodge of
in Germany,
killed
it
Templar
of Perfection,
into which
Von Hund
Star re-
1773.
1776.
and impostors. Cagliostro
a
de-
grees,
often
to
princes,
science,
concerned.
Eevolution
declared
end
of
while
the
peculiarity
than
with the fourth
de-
gree
has,
been
due to a confusion
those
responsible
was
the
nature
of
Grand
Lodge
in
the
American
colonies
naturally
brought
the
France, Norway, and some
The honorary degree
ferred only on Master
the
form
of
a
de-
gree
until
early
the United
ters early in
United States
JMaster, Most
culminating in the Royal Arch,
is a purely
Master's degree which were
which in 1751
supplement
a
cients announced the
existence of the
Free-
preme
Royal
Chapters
Mas-
ter
Master,
and
Most
popularize the
degree, admitted
only actual Past Masters,
purpose. This practice
degree of
is of American
over
Lodges
or
been
appeared
at
Albany,
predecessor.
speech
on
Holy
the
owing
Pre-
tender,
and
absurdity.
Ramsay
any
Masonic
of
a
visiting
brother
vincial
Grand
Master
George
Harrison
in
1757.
The
Freemasonry.
It
treats
of
the
destruction
of
Lodge
warrants.
Virginia,
founded
in
1808,
and
in
West
Vir-
ginia
(1871),
(Eoyal
Master
and
Select
few
exceptions,
Canada,
the
degrees,
formerly
Francken
had
grown
Templars,
and
is true,
Malta.
Among
the
theories
to
explain
a
direct
connection
When
called La
Petite Resurrection
des Templiers.
England,
by
Philip,
Duke
of
Orleans,
title.
matter
to
bring
the
charter
down
to
date,
own author-
so
often
stated
that
in
1745,
 from
time
immemorial,
or
but
stitution,
such
irregularity.
1843,
Colonel
Kemeys-Tynte
he used,
Knights
of
Malta
in
Russia,
teachings
conferring this
Masonic Order
ican Eite, are few and far
between, jDrior
One
related
to
the
the reverse,
These
also
characterized
in
of New
by
not more
was formed.
active.
in
1897,
193,639,
Arch
Masons
Select Mas-
Master
of
Massachusetts
and
Rhode
Island
reports
more
than
the most popular
try of the
American
Continent.
This
Lodge
was
dor-
mant
of
Spitzeras
Deputy
Inspector
(1781),
Cuba.''
In
1783
Perfection was
new
Supreme
Council
left
by
the
33°,
supreme
power
descending
from
each
be
West Indies,
West
by active
been adduced
Master,
Solomon,
King
of Sovereign
Grand Inspectors
General was
spheres. Under this he organized
a
Su-
preme
Council
five degrees,
1801.
To
promptly
absorbed.
The
called in
the
eighteenth
claim to all
which
it
nothing
about
whatever.
usurped
control
from
the
fourth
to
the
eighteenth,
inclusive.
Political
conditions
in
France
resulted
in
the
Supreme
that matter,
he did
Illustrious
Com-
mander,
etc.,
under
the
grees
him and which
of
Morin,''
necessary
to
get
an-
other
patent
in
Inspector
General
of
the
Grand
 in it,
zil.
Puissant Sovereign Grand
Commander. The Grand
fraternal relations
between the
Raymond
April
13,
1863,
complete
had
been
known.
Supreme
with
Council, should not
be regarded as
plainly
both the
(the Cer-
this
was
members of the
prosperity
not
regarded
by
of Maine
was elected
bodies,
one of
the
pro-
fessions,
the
army
at
Jerusalem
under
the
authority
of
King
thirty-
third
degree
east
maining
States.
Princes of the Royal
accompany-
ing
Masonic
Official
nominally
the name, authority of,
G.
C,
October
27,
1807,
to
be
Gorgas,
Hibbs,
tions
of
cities, and
of a Su-
induced to
est
with
Chapters, Very
Eminent Commanders
spurious
dis-
united
with
1863.
Their
other
are
them-
the Grand
River),
Cal.
Frederick
Webber,
Illustrious
Grand
Secretary
General,
33°,
No.
Ark.
Webber, Frederick Washington,
thirty-third
Wright,
William
H.
S
E Redwood Falls.
Hawley, James H.
Y. (Deputy.)
King, INIarquis
Metcalf,
A.
T
A.
Van
Buskirk,
George
W
Burdgc, Dwight
City.
Encampments
of
for
the
U.
S.
A.,
its
Territories
and
Dependencies
(Seymour-Cerneau
rite).
Charles
II.
Benson,
dress Robert Hncless,
which
the
strug-
a council
frontier,
where
—sun, moon,
and stars
powers,
umbrella,
to
ask
Chang
aided
by
their
tea-
 Black-
wood
article
on
the
recruits,
both
a
form
also,
the
blued (never nickeled)
which
has
raged
for
a
Chinese
Spokane Chinese Lodge
reports
on
correspondence,
original
ment house and
Masonry, none whatever.
City, 111.
there were
October,
land
adjoining
falling
into
ruins.
The
the
propiu't,
Brigham
Church were
tliere
never
monial
Mormon
leaders
 
substitute the
word irregular.
in
1875,
the
that
by ourselves
and by
masons continued to meet
work, until some time
of
not
until
1787
that
was
received
in
a
legality of
S.
Parvin,
Grand
Secretary
of
whites
can.
delegates from the negro
nize the
adoption
of
the
Ohio
in
1886,
whose
adds
that
proving
which
is
late
two
of
a similar
jMasonic
ized
at
Chapter
was
it
seems
probable
that
and Knights
in
1895,
Continent,
Grand Encampment,
of
membership,
called
Scottish
S.
A.,
with
headquarters
at
1879.
a
char-
ter
for
a
degree
Freemasons
by
himself
that
by
the
law
permitted
to
establish
the
Northern Juris-
to have
the
among
negroes
good
reason
to
believe
that
the
exist
here.
About
some body in the
British West Indies. The
at Baltimore was
Su-
degrees
pretended
he
had
RED
CROSS
1883,
and
num-
ber
of
years.
a,re
records
of
an
Antient
and
Primitive
(Spanish)
in
masons, by
ap-
peared
Grand
 '
the
after
which
It
was
a
brief
period.
The
death
of
the
latter
was
due
to
ances
to
and govern
the Rite,
personal
experi-
itive Rite of Memphis,
smothered
by
the
deceived into believing the
that not even
breast or
on the
right arm,
and on
the
the
instituted
the
professions, or
by
the Order that only fifty
Knights
death
princes, when
This was
Sepulchre at
faith.
James, Lon-
Orders
English
Commanderies
English
tian
in
187G.
In
1875,
General
organized
at
New
York
city,
by
representatives
of
all
the
then
George
W.
perial Grand
Council
of
Illinois
in
1895,
formed
to
 curb
the
pretensions
thi'ough her Intendent
doubtful
powers
declared
was
practically
Grand Council and
claim
on
named,
and
the
Sovereign
Constantine. On the
introduction of the
Grand
Councils
seems
came
Cross of
Constantine and
:
Chapter of the
you
by
that many of
in
Edinburgh
in
April,
1898,
supreme
governing
bodies
representatives
from
the
U.
year, and established
a High Council
the same and
ciation.
way
related
to
masons and builders.
Masonic degree
of the
many, France, and England
No
association
by
a
fictitious
so-
ciety
of
tury and
gifts
Orders of
Herodem and
of the
Scotland
after
the
dissolution
of
the
Tem-
plars
and
under
acknowledge
three,
who
referred to in
his absence a seat
Scottish Rite,
is
gov-
ernment
at
der
of
Scotland,
ter;
for
the
Southern
and
of
the
Scottish
Rite,
eties,
the
separate
Portland, Me. ; the late
United
States;
about
8
widely
scattered,
totals
its
birth,
the
United
Kingdom;
about
one-sixth
in
Australia
United
States,
Kingdom. The
383,-
000
other
and
ularity
in Eussia
A list of the
Voltaire,
Montesquieu,
Victor
Emmanuel,
to
the careers
of prominent
the Prov-
James
Guthrie,
(Navy);
Hoke
Smith,
Georgia
(Interior);
Benjamin
James B.
Gordon, Georgia;
of
cut;
General John
Indiana; Leland Stanford, Call- liam Stevens Perry of Iowa; Rev.
Stephen
Robert Collyer, New York;
gon; George
Weeks,
Faulkner,
West
the names are
who have become distinguished in
ton, Nebraska; Daniel
diana; Z.
been
that one
national or international repu-
among fol-
fer, Kansas;
1,400,000
Wilmot,
found.
D.
Kelley,
Pennsylvania;
at Boston
jects. Only
The
first
both of
the
as
a
social
Kabbalists
less
of
teachings
are
Robert
been
Star,''
together
with
an
account
of
its
proceedings
tive
or
an
Androgenous
rite
goes
back,
of
course,
even
to
the
writings
to the
than
even
the
similar
from
Masonic
rituals,
Free-
ceased
to
at-
tract
con-
ferred
the
Grand
Luminary,
About
two
hundred
Constellations
ment of the Eastern Star
ritual
conclusion
the
for
the
fund.
On
January,
17,
1867,
eighteen
of
of the
Eastern Star.
a ritual
Families
10,000
members.
The
Chi-
cago
who
can
appre-
in
reality
was open
not
;
has
point
from
which
it
ciations, adds
that  a
word to
the wise
high grade
little
is
originally
represents
a
Se-
clusion,
Knowledge,
Kimball,
Hyde,
Pratt,
and
Covenant
iron-clad
oaths
were
taken
who
had
been
iiublicly
whipped,
by
order
—
Noah,
danger.
willing to
instituted
by
some
Red
the
thirty-second
and
Trinitarian,
and
its
possessors
of
Rome
and
Constantine.
situated
at
Richmond,
Va.,
confer-
handed
down
November
17th
ing Secretary, John
one
remains
remains still
States, so far as
Its
head-
quarters
is
surrounded
by
to
for the
occa-
Society:
Branches
and
Centres
creed, sex,
the
plained
laws
of
nature
and
the
powers
latent
in
rests on
on no
social,
the
of
a
gracious
men
who
have
knowledge respecting God,
ing
processes of
necessary, in order
evolution of the
commence
a
regular
course
of
leads
up
to
the
lowest grades
family
and
social
life
the
lower
classes
of
virtues,
the very
toration to the
ished
the
world
to
attacks and betrayals
It is as though it were watched over by a
Power which
subjects it
to the
rudest trials,
in order
to
right
to investigate
the spiritualistic
a
on
search
of
a
great Hindu sage,
system revolved.
after
its
ual
in which
The
Pounders
left
England
for
India
on
January
19,
1879,
In
in
New
York
April,
1880,
and
Mr.
the
false
and
slanderous
more
to
From this time
from
Amer-
ica
President
various alterations
withdrew from
the
Germany
and
then
The
European
movement
given by
mained the
leading writers
ported
by
90
votes
to
10,
off their allesfiance
the
lesson
no ser-
and in India,suitable to
by
Masons
Theo-
to
hun-
1855,
when
friendly
societies,
notably
the
Eng-
lish
Independent
Order
of
Odd
Fellows,
dom,
there
were
21,875
1876,
of
1875
of their condition and operations, and
at
of
STATES, TOGETHER
the
Hibernians
includes,
in
addition
Mechanics;
Order
Statistics
of
Pro-
tective
Association
and
more
Husbandry
have
the
Golden
Eagle,
and
the
do not
seem to
the
more
important
secret
Grood
Repub-
lic;
State,
contributing
more
than
850,000
mem-
New
Illinois third, with
plan in
operation, eight
of
thir-
TfOOXOOOOOC^ t-
-r i-
(N oo
in
that
Average
advance in years.
of
management
between
the
ages
may
be
State,
Knights
of
Honor,
Eoyal
Arcanum,
Eoyal
Society
fit Association,
Im-
in
the
more
healthful
$1,500,
and
old
yision of the
Labor,
Decem-
ber
18,
by a Supreme
Council. Subordinate Councils,
Grand
or
to
50
years
in
1885.
The
Order
insures
the
lives
with
bershij) in
Eailroad,
John 0.
bossed
castle,
those lower
subordinate Castles, which initiate
to Select
has no
mander
as
representative
represen-
fourth
degree
through
In the
tance
men
1880,
but
The
Castle
the
rank
and
uni-
form,
after
the
mounted
fund
of
the
1675
i
S
I
perience
tables.
Endowments
are
paid
Coast, at Lagos,
total membershipis nearly
900,000. The pro-
Mechanical Order
of the
Grand
so
long
continued
so-
that its Grand
(and Provincial) Lodges
shall receive and
AVhen the death
reach a
either
of
more
as
successful
have
Vernon
had
prior
stipulated
sj)rung
many
organizations
of
well-
to-do
only.
possessed
of
no
ment
of
the
Order
at
the
beginning
was
crude
and
unbusiness-like,
and
was
Pennsylvania,
numbered only
organi-
zation
of
1873,
Dominion in-
rate, only
4.(J0 per
beneficiary
societies.
the
beneficiary
society,
in cen-
sus reports
Colored Consolidated Brotherliood.
of this
lehom.
case
Its
sion.
zation is among the
under
the
lodge
system.
press
of
and
to
the
South,
and
has
2,000
members,
The
No.
6,
of
the
annual
Conclaves.
But
said to
death
benefit
fund,
in
the
hands
of
as to the
was
sec-
tion
143,
able
to
build
place its
years.
and the formation
outgrowth
of
a
by it,
United
nurses,
and
pays
marked
difference
between
this
wholly upon assessments
the
beneficiary
the
Courts
held
by
the
CanadianDominion,went resolutely to work,
ington, Colorado,
a sur-
141
within
ous
5,000
members.
Independent
Order
name, the
their emblems.
held.
It
took
Order
of
sepa-
rate.
The
secret
work
and
ceremonies
are
described
Lodge
meets
Knights and
Under
the
Avas the
admit
beneficiary
privileges
a
few
ganized
during
degree. On September G,
dition
of
the
first
officers:
E.
J.
Williamson,
T.
W.
Seng, 0. N.
Bradburn, T. E.
Lodge
of
Protection,
ma-
terial
in
to
its
by
encouraging
(3)
in
it,
who
of the
Eelief Fund
 
death
benefits
of
age,
distributed in
for its own government, and to govern
Grand
of Honor
being found
Fellows
children
progressive
salaried
organizers
by
almost
any
cally private
Fireside.
—A
classes. It
to
form
a
well-filled
field
of
secret
beneficiary
some
suc-
cinnati, and after settling
Friendship
and
Protection.
in which
work
depart-
accumulation
of
was
founded.
Knights
a mutual assess-
but
there
is
still
10
advance
benefit
changed
From
1875
the
Society's
ing
nearly
all
of
the
past
eighteen
years
in-
of
uniform rate of
The
influ-
seen
in
over our
L. L.
Orders
is
to
Association.—A
Illinois in
conspicuous, not alone
for its rapidly
against the
 
is
Masonic
Knights
session
motto of
of
military, which has charge of
drills and
to
ficiary secret
members
of
self
and
sufficient education to
cents, and
Fellows, and
 
centuiy has been more
fathers. The
Hebrew
term
re-
volt
after
war
mand, and
the
holy
brother
Jonathan,
f
an-
swered:
their fathers,
the
covenant
Macca-
beism.
The
Orders came together
executive
offi-
cials,
and,
after
a
two
adopted
fund
was
tlio
so-called
Order
work
effectively
for
the
Order,
which,
for
a
and
beneficiary
features.
disabling
accidents;
$175
to
$2,000
both
eyes,
hands,
$50,
secured for one member-
account
of
the manu-
facture or
Eagle.
(See
the
latter.
made
at Kala-
growth,
suc-
cess,
—One of the
which insures
in the sum of
by
a
and,
since
nearly
$160,-
000
to
the
history
or
ship, about
the
arms,
and
a
111.
Loyal
Knights
and
Ladies.
and
housekeeping
Court
Courts, and
have
joined.
Modern
men and women, organized in Kansas in
1S91 by members of
and other fraternal
of
ernment
officers
and
Councils, which have
cer-
tificate,
such
as
a
benefits according
esting
who
ously
fiction.
Detroit, Mil-
cost
of
pro-
seven
years;
that
W. A.
young
side
of
secret
there being about
sickness,
acci-
assessment or
sonable to expect
ing
on
of
J.
A.
M.
McBath,
Washington,
Its objects
are hereby
officers,
standing
in No-
vember, 1887.
were dis-
J. E. Shapherd,
same
basis
as
ben-
of
valuable
papers
was
known
as
the
Committee
D.
C.
The
following
F. Ackley,
Cleveland,
0.
premium
system,'
physical
disability
members
for
their
in case of
which
to
the
families,
heirs,
blood
laws
hereafter
they
be
entered into
the
time
he
becomes
no vested
the death of
sum specified in
the certificate. No
speculative cer-
tificates are
issued, neither
person named in the
$250
to
$1,250;
and
are governed
where
it
Mo., by
ec[ual
11,
1881,
by
Dr.
A.
E.
good moral
afforded.
This
does not,
the
being
subordinate
bodies.
The
principal
emblem.
displays
the
as those
The
Order
has
Councils
estal)lished
full, owing to
17,
1887,
six-jiointed
star,
with
23d,  the
of the
Messrs.
Alcon,
Order.
and
ing
to write the
ritual. He perfected
with the central idea
set of
follows:
Supreme
Councillor,
Rev.
;
liam Cumback,
Greensburg, Ind.
preme Guard,
all of
Indianapolis. Other
original mem-
Somerby,
New York
attempted to
of its
appealed to
no
jirovi-
of
4,789
8620,780
to
734
members
were
mem-
bers
of
two
in-
hedging about these ])articular
stu-
In
the
nally existed
all
By
special
arrangement
the
and
was
founded
and ceremonies,
tain their
membership twenty-five
—
strength
tween
twenty-one
are
eligible.
It
insures
the
remained
unapiarojDri-
''Wisdom, Truth,
have
been
the
Persian
Magi,
of
form
America,
of its sister
year
the
first
American
Indians,
vast
amount
of
challenges
Order
defy
which ante-
date the
llO-l
B.C.,
and
couples
son
and
heir
to
the
throne
to
adhere
to
the
affairs of
as 1884. Thus,
out of eight
in
Georgia
some
years
prior
is
a
seven-pointed
star,
caiddron
color of the
J^raternity is
the
primary
colors.
Mystical Seven, or of the
Rainbow
Society,
a
Men, especially when secret and
jiublic
found
 
sprung the Improved
;
but which had
decade
their inspi-
known
to
living
members,
marks
members
and
having
sufficient
There is
(presiding
made up of Past Grand Archons. After the
conclusion of
history.
The
busi-
way
conservatively,
but,
as
its former
members by
the
Order
a cut
of
a
Bethlehem.
which
city
there
the
 
con-
sists
'''as
the ritualistic work in use
to-day.
purely Monastic,
branches  had united and
there is
a gap
account
of
the
established
itself,
and
because,
in
1G91
by
elers of America.
trav-
elers
of
good
moral
standing,
exceed
fifty-two
a
like
Aveekly
benefit
during
the
State
who
join
serve
the
edge
distinctive
feature
his
or
classes for
payment, respectively,
of and
sick benefits,
otliers
elected
to
the
an
immediate
ments
and
handsome
business
of
the
cil when situated Avhere
1877,
its
membership
necessities of
quite the reverse
almost
un-
exampled
in its fifth of a century
of existence
one
time
by like societies
The
twenty-one
assess-
of
sick
or
disabled
after an
and
any
Asso-
establish
death
relationshij-) to the
Honor
bear
followers of a long
organization,
with
the
reading
the
thir-
existence,
during
which
death and
aggregates
of a crown sur-
surrounded
by
tan-
as the
chief executive
New
may
be
addressed
at
of Missouri
write,
amounts
each
month.
deatli
prior
to
that
period.
southern
through
sub-
ordinate
Lodges,
and support in old age. Men and women
between eighteen and
invested.
Thus,
one
who
in
The Order
Crawfordsville, Ind., in
Gerard
and
upon the
as appro-
book.
Messrs.
$51,250
in
losses,
The distinctive features
ship upon
its existence.
a
branch
Ancient Order of United Workmen, from
which they
must
disability benefits.
the
at Clinton,
which
pays
age.
initials
U.
Protection.
ers, and numbers nearly
existence. (See
Order
Order of
collect-
ing
for
must
ulti-
mately
insurance
Order
R.
Warren,
Charles
Lloyd,
II.
of de-
F. at
;
and it
of
the
not only in Masonic
that they
able
eligible
ritual
Alliance,
as
an
exponent
of
The
South in
bor.
Knights
of
a plan of
seven-year maturing certificates,
disability payments. It
Su-
preme
influence
to
mem-
loans are limited
per
render value after
UNION
201
It
issued
certificates
of
§200,
in
the
central
in
1893.
Lodge, or governing
years
and
pays
paid
by
the
profits
tive,
beneficiary
based on
seal
by mem-
organization
was
not
practicable.
The
moneys
ment
certificates
$3.50 to
thinking
or
uninformed
people
became
in-
terested
in
submit
years.
Persons
as
sickness
or
accident.
years.
There
persistent
pay
them;
but
which to
of
the
Independent
Order
of
B'nai
B'rith,
numbering
about
230
members,
the
Supreme
Lodge.
Moses Mendelssohn, who lived
Israel,
Noah,
were delegates
The
third
meeting
of
the
Grand
Lodge
was
on
March
22,
1849,
when
en's
branch,
up
benefits.
in part
Like
the
justice.
and
has
tives
of
members
of
the
to
exclusive
of
about
1,000
members
Independent
1892 by
Berman Bonner,
Osias Dulberger,
the
marked degree
of
society
are
the
Ancient
Order
of
Hibernians
as
a
secret
so-
ciety
with
systematized
British
Government
early
the advance-
ment of
encouragement
of
and in
(prior to
of
have so long
larger
number
reorganized
as
the
Ancient
Order
in
1898.
In
July,
1896,
since been
conjunc-
tion
Ancient
Order
of
as a
(See ]\Iolly
H.
Breen,
as
a
incorporated under
23,553,
an
increase
State
Councils,
com-
becoming
as
its
name
was difficult
'*
ing up a
Le-
West
found
the
 
at
who
this
great
republic,
and
have
you
wish
speak to
The
banner
blazing
insurance
of
1876,
the State of
according
to
joining. This is one
which have
mutual benefit association j^rivileges
with-
out
Et.
Rev.
this it is plain
to
secret
societies
of
equal
age.
It
numbers
Ontario
by Michael J.
the central
Catholics.
coming
a
disk
title
of
A., and
Friendly Sons of
tion from
ders.
ent. Here are to
Phila-
30,
1883,
Im-
its
incorporate
body
by
instituting
a
new
Com-
mandery,
again
The
same
were
prominent
in
of the Craiid
The
repre-
sentatives
of
the
of Philadelphia, Orangemen
The name
the
schism
Christian
religion,
to
offer
from
the
nature
of Protestants.
Malta, etc., and Non-Masonic Orders of
Malta
in
America.)
There
is
evidence
that
the
Ancient
and
which
relationship must
Imperial Parent at Glasgow,
Masonic
of
women
relatives
and
S.
C.
Gould,
in
his
at the
of
Knaresborough
and
Swaine
Mote.
No. 2 should
we have the
In
fact,
the
at the
forest.
ering of
the
this
century,
in
their
of
a
perity
had
stimulated
the birth of the Order was in
1745,
which
has
esters
when
they
veiled
of one
he-
warfare
against
over
the
of
trial
and
the (English)
of
an
independent
(clandestine)
Order
of
Forestry
in
New
disputes
or
dif-
ferences
seceded and
alterations,
but
new
regalia
was
adopted.
In
imitation
of
like
outgivings
which, in
Shepherds*
as
only
similar
ate what may be
 some
delegates
of
Sanctuaries
of
Order
ormation
of
sentiment
as
to
High Sanctuary
code
of
word
Forester
pulsion
bership in
scrip.
The
heraldic
emblem,
only in
been
the
superannuated
and
maimed
as
well
as
the
sick
nearly
all
oc-
cupied
with
Lodges, one of
societies,
and
one
api)licant
derstood
by
the
funds. This had
ing to
all, 100,000
following,
mortality
(between
War,  and
1869.
The
Order
was
formally
the
Ancient
Order,
to
this
day
and
Foresters
became
in
Court
of
of
England,
and
Sub-
sidiary
High
Court
at
Minneapolis,
August
15,
1889,
seceded
from
the
the
orders
of
2,000 to
These
some secret
lowers
who
lived
by,
but
ninth
month.
Annual
is under
the supervision
held
the
in a
set of
formal resolutions,
Courts in
objects
are
to
for
sentatives from subordinate Courts in
States,
territories,
provinces,
or
countries.
In
ad-
dition
to
the
 
been elaborated more
At
the
Philadelphia
gari
German
tribe,
achieved
§3 to
etc., owned
displays the
the eighteenth
from
unopened,
an
existence
of
nearly
appears
in
Fellows
was
established
body
of
English Grand Body,
of men
been
held
in
at
Washing-
States,
Canadti,
and improved.
Mas-
(colors, royal purple and
physicians, lawyers, bankers,
other
of Past
Grand Masters
conferred
three
degrees,
able Grand Masters.
Grands among male members,
inal
with
the
Grand
L'nited
be
Rntb
and
Naomi.
other
than
Order
of
Ked
tra-
of
its
ranks
to the Great
which
Adoption,
and
of
Red
L'nited
States,
have
a
Ameri-
is
allowed
to
names.
Council,
in
a
Discovery,
i.e.,
a new
shows
more
than
140,000
in excess of
society,
jwlitical and
pointed out, that
political
societies,
except,
cils.
But
of
descent
in
lution,
Saint
is located.
authenti-
between
good
and
for
illustration.
On
and
the
legend
ished.
He
was
buried
where
he
died.
of the societies
of those
The
Sons
of
St.
loyalty
Federalists who talked
disguise of
origi-
of the Columbian
if
It
is
secret,
at
least,
the Improved
many Hall
afterwards
Another
In con-
founded
at
The
latter
would
appear
From
the
to mem-
Order
of
Red
Men.
dominance
of
social
proclivities,
covered. The
The fact that
by officials of the Improved Order that
many members of
at-
Odd Fellows produced their
at Eeading,
Pa., iu
Tribes twenty-five
times, total
annual re-
1870-1880
opened
auspiciously,
mileage
would
t
Low
point
total membership
orphans 55
28
per
per
cent,
effect on
the membershij)
temporary.
Tribes has
increased 140
societies of Revolutionary days
for permanent growth
pay weekly
sick bench
(England)
evidently
had
for
its
objects,
from which relief
and
charity
sphere of
})aid
penny
continent, between
ical arrangement of ceremonials,
as
1739
Freemasonry
had
begun
Alleged
pamphlet
were
merged
into
that
time
as
it
had,
long
Ancient
Independent
Order,
Independent Order of Odd
prospered greatly,
31,000
of
Eng-
lish
Odd
tions,
but
with
entirely
back
to
seized
Annual
Movable
Congress
but
the
in distress, and
the
wretched
condi-
tion
into
England
of
of the
it,
eligible ex-
it was thought
esters. The chief
officer of the
Indepen-
dent
Order
constitutes
the
second
an
of
which,
that
this
and
to
was paid
Chief
first six years
National
Life-Saving
of
the
Wolvei-hampton
brought
witli
them
a
capital
of
Prior
1860
from the
Ashton district
annual meeting was
the result
The
Independent
beneficiary
secret
the United
oldest,
dating
back
into
and the
banner
is
 Friendship,
re-
member-
ship
lessons,
In
1820
the
being
renumbered
one,
three,
and
five.
the attention of the
parent body, the Man-
Noble Grand,
links,*
skull
Encampment as
ments are
presided over
to
pro-
mulgated
by
degree
to
revisions,
alterations,
and
additions
in
1835,
only
then
tmknown.
The
It was
named and
of the in
where it began, a
goal toward which mem-
976;
seven
members;
a
with
1,475
of
Odd
Fellows
in
]\Iaster
of
Lodge of
States
Avas
organized
and
a
communication
Avas
held
February
22,
that
500
to
of
American
Odd
Fellowship.
death,
October
19,
1801,
American
Lenity
rightfully,
as
mem-
bership
and
influence
1800. Very
soon after
1865,
of
the
Sover-
of
Odd
Fellows,
reason
lish Orders
and
little in-
con-
and
un-
pro-
gress
3,830
halls
this
branch
of
Odd
Fellowship:
43
For'n
'•
$8,500,000.
fourteen
countries,
stituted.
The
requirements
a
uni-
versal
sign
of
recognition
between
Odd
Fel-
lows
and
Daughters
who con-
Dominion
of
Canada,
foreign Lodges.
members
without
able record
of sums
Ordfer o
numbered
12,000
and
larger
secret
fraternities.
Like
the
relieve the sick
orphan;
and
in
one
section,
the growth
it
styled
8tli,
District
of
The
growth
of
the
society
Maryland
was
invaded
Holly,
while
in Massachu-
established,
August
11,
1868,
York
monials are founded;
into
the
Canadian
Dominion,
beyond
repaired
to
Ger-
the
office
of
the
Commissary
city
in
the
 
founder,
J.
nui-
chinery
years
after
the
formation
of
the
Uniform
Rank,
the
ranking
a
correspond-
ASIA, AND
Yet
In
1891
As
may
be
Orders
the
similarity
Hamilton,
Ontario,
at
cient
chivalric
Order
of
the
Knights of
to
be
ated,
and
the
organization
managed
Maryland,
United
given
stitution,
having
been
formed
The College meets,
follows:
comprised
only
three
orders.
Knights,
Hos-
pitalers,
and
casion. Third class,
grades:
13,
Knight
sick and weary
the
Holy
to
go
wills
vanced
into
army
gave up the
standard
of
ernment of
the city.
with
all
its
dependencies,
of rich
enjoyed,
expressed
a
wish
to
separate
themselves
from
the
Monastery
tithes
to
their
was captured by
Turks,
accordance
with
but
before
Order.
I.,
Novem-
ber
29,
1797,
royal
house.
The
Languages
of
Provence,
Auvergne,
the
meeting
Sir
Robert
Peel
was
Trafalgar Square, where, on
of
three
classes:
Knights,
Chaplains,
and
Serving
Brethren.
The
Commanders and Knights of Justice.
Wo-
men
are
likewise
admitted
The
Order
also
of Knights
Donats. The last are those who contribute
to the fund
cient times the Language
who paid rent to the
common treasury.
as their
consumed
 
Eef-
lands of
to
lay
feeling
the
hands
of
the
Crown,
when,
on
to the House
as
Chief
Pre-
Malta
Knights
After an extended
tives in the United
States, in an attempt
di-
rectly
without tangible
as
up an
noticed in
Grand
Master
of
has
any
Malta.
It
would
be
the World.
has
been
able
(See
the
latter.)
Mystic
instrument
on
be-
half
move-
ments.
But
that
is
 
the
total
extinction
of
the
encountered again
STATES
The
Imperial
Parent
in
Scotland
promptly
the
United
beneficiaries
their
standing, who has
a
the
surprise and
brother
wher-
tives of
Ordor
of
assist
in
al-
though
little
Mrs.
spire
purity
of
and recommended
bership being
ship, while the
Order
of
Odd
Ma-
sonic
and
Illustrious
alone,
one
the
general
of
America.
Sous of Adaui.
leaders among whom were
will
a
brief
mann's Soehne).—Founded in
German customs
lence
among
mann and his band of followers. An
ac-
count
to
and peaceful way,
This
resulted
in
public
meetings
of
Germans,
at
which
'
sons,
Odd
ship in
1848,
eight
years
was
established
de-
us
sacred
the
Order
are
black,
red,
labor.'
of
the
Order
was
Hermann,
which
auxiliary,
cally
the
same
Lodges.
Sons
objdts
are
largely
societies.
basket
and
forty-odd
years
which
was
written
by
that
and
ceremonies
on
history
and
had
the
classified as
symbol
of
the
The
the
of
the
subject
think
for
it
the
credit
ing
soldier
sent
to
spy
the time of
Order
and
during
arose the
United Ancient
elaborate
than
tluit
of
twenty-three States
Ire-
ment
tute, the
Supreme Grove
of the
United States,
in-
fluence
chief officer in
flicted,
by
three
dollars
per
week.
It
protects
a
mem-
ber
and
his
the
United
States
United States
grew, spreading
America.
This
afterwards
in
the
United
States,
joined
ored men, free and
in day
the lakes
Temples of Sisters
and
Canada,
Join-
ing
it,
and,
1844
and
maintained
a
secret
socie-
this
and
Banner, or the
Order of Uncle
1852-53
contributing
are dead,
are
the
five
first
mentioned.
It
was
Be-
tween
1872,
in
which
year
the
Little
can
people
American
Mechanics.
American
Brotherhood.
— Organized
as
a
native
''practical
protection
system,
de-
right
of
franchise
and
on
known in the other
Association,
or
''A.
order
would
demand
assurances
from
local,
of
as follows
as
a
a
long
list
of
print
of
of available to
Pro
Patria
Club.
to join the
years,
the
Junior
Sons
of
breaking
founding
in rally-
A.
In
most
instances
they
claim-
of
fifty
years
ago,
so
practically
mulgated the
tives in the United States of the papal gov-
ernment in Eome to
the
Freemen,
 
government
employes
as follows:
Perpetual separation
of church
or agains
keep
religion
first Supreme
as 80
war.
Look
at
the
riots
Suppose we
were to
standard,
yet
 
quent desecration of the
in conflict,
by the Roman
sovereign,
our
President
could
not
have
given
in February,
State of nearly 100,000,
party they
affiliate with
and to
vote for
the election
of a
system, no
convents,
monas-
of an
any person
all
departments
a
larger
Know
Nothing
party.)
The
Association
has
of it in England
defend
bers were received into many Council
Cham-
the
appli-
Order
as
the
along the lines indicated by
a
familiarity
ation in February,
Patriotic League, which
was speedily incor-
earlier membership, point
as
also
natal
5,
1850,
Institution
between them. Tliere
liberty,
and
our
public
schools;
hence
the
represen-
of
Rome.
American
but
not
without
United
American
Mechanics
; the
Patriotic
Order,
Nothing
his pen,
to
Brother-
hood
the work
by giving
has
vowed
without and
for Americans,
and restricted
of
quite active
Daughters of America.
White
American
the
National
free-silver
campaign
of
1896.
Its
obligation
was
society
of
America,
they
conducted
attain
much
strength.
feeder
to
it sprung
engaged
in
the
members,
Holy Bible within, and
heart of every child
the
Ameri-
can
Union,
P. A.^' have been conspicuous and active.
The
be the
Orange
Institution,
United
States.
Their
position
secret
society.
was organized
States.
It
souglit
whole
various times, must
but
met
with
of
the
members
of
much
suggestive
ing a
collection was
^iower.*
It
and Delaware
luunod State,
provided
for,
requisite
for
hereafter,
etc.
policy
of
the
present
AdnnuLstration
the
Republi-
can
sweeping
Know
Kothingism
out
of
existence.
more's
popular
vote
Association
American Liberty. It had
so
Protestant faith;
pire
in
which
the
Association in
illustrations. (vSee
men
Canjuia writes
true,
and
the Odd Fellows,
of Fores-
and Malta,
secret
association
through
in
the
United
gree.
In
of
Israel,
Scarlet
degree
are
eligible.
and had
the Dominion of
school
question.
for
ics, and other
bers of both houses of Congress as well
as
parties,
islation
as
essential
to
spicuous.
charitable and benevolent secret
In
Compe-
tent
Protestant
teachers
patriotic,
Protestant
societies,
and
Labor of
Commander of
the Minute
an
effort
by
short
lived.
so-
Its
declaration
of
principles
was
as
follows:
To
maintain
the
foundation
of
funds
for
sectarian
schools
of in Kan-
career
was
can
Protestant
Association
(See
of
the
Civil
known
whether
it
survives.
under its
flag and
ployment, to aid
members who may
*
of
1798;
and
they
were
active
in
religion
in
the
for
nineteen
caused
its
an
evil.
It
would
be
difficult
of
Hibernians,
but
in
in
the
next
two
con-
ditions
been
the
Harper will
also be
of
Catholic
parents
in
the
the
of
that
city.
be obtained
making
pur-
saw
the
advantages
the
majority
retired,
Samuel T. Hays,
ning
officer
pride,
to
contribute
their
of esteem
principles
and
cal
in the original
and
workiugmeu.
The
formed
public school
possible
attempts
at
union
between
Order
of
the
1882
School House, 1895.
to
admit
youths
designed
merely
to
of
Coun-
American
Me-
any
native-
born
American
 
Councils. It
i^rovides
for the
payment, by
is
of
the
Order.
Knights
to public
foreign
probable the estimate
patriotic.
Tammany Hall,
the
same
organizations
members
to
celebrate
Know
prominent
engine.
(See
formed
in
Philadeli)hia
in
1885,
admitted.
(See
Spangled Ban-
ner (the
oath-bound,
a
local
Philiidelphia
society
by
the
same
native-American
that
city
century,
which
are
lineal
Bro-
therhood
of
the
Union,
benefits paid since
maintain
the
States
of
inter-
ference
of
a
each
subordinate
jurisdiction
under
National
Camp
management.
State
Camps
consist
Junior
Camps
in
shi]?. A
sions,
—
the
Civil
War,
America,
But it
United
Sons
Patriots
But
its
Adams,
of
Chicago,
National
Treasurer.
There
were
no
membership
Order. There was
also a coordinate
moters
in
189G
and
the
i)rinci
pally
their
and
wave of
try's cause, was
Britisli
Parliament,
**
as
1760-07
the
*Mr.
governors
of
St.
Tamina,
as
such,
had
prac-
was
made
members,
American
dropped its
inroads
by
those of
and,
with
organization by
St. Da-
it being
tion
up, tlic Scotch
St.
English
cele-
Iiratiiig
St.
George's
day.
in
witli
guns,
dancing
in
Indian
ultimately
become
accounts of the
Sons of Liberty
Spangled
Banner.
members of the
in
that
they
years
A
second
(See
but
New Jersey,
Temples
American
de-
and it de-
with
record,
American
college
and song
sometimes
the only
probably
never
one's point
chap-
at
over
il,000,000,
costing
from
^1,200
to
1100,000.
and
stone.
which
are
chartered
extent,
secrets and
the
Vice-Presidency
no
It reveals very little more of what it
does
members
The
fight
be-
of
fraternities
and
its
chapters
fraternities
as
had Latin
ive,
forty-one
years.
1825
Ka2:)pa
a
organized,
the
third
are, more
also
Yale secret society
older
institutions
of
Phi
be
or
Seven
in
juniors
annually
or
temples.
New York
Phi
of
Pennsyl-
of
South-
*
Mississippi
in
1843,
believed
to
of
Northern
ter
fraternities
tary Institute,
have developed
rise
Delta
iu
Hopkins
pay
ters of
as
to
extension
Beta
Theta
places
or
younger
societies,
such
the Pennsylvania and Miami
has
His-
East,
where
to-day,
and
hands
of
a
Grand
Chai)ter
composed
ties,
General Russell spent
some time before
feet
other
spectators,
entirely
'
bones
of
the
Greek-letter
societies,
although
Scroll
have made such
minds
of
available
material.
Key
fre-
quently
better
ter
of
practice,
each
society
house
con-
undergraduate
members,
 Keys
parallels
its
prototype.
While
neckties. The
key across
class
by
the
help-
fulness
and
within
Middletown college fraternities. Its
bers
about
350
members.
Alpha
Sigma
Yale
in
1846
370.
ash bulbs in gold, over which is the
letter
times
rfefei'red
to
ing
the
letters
closely
soci-
eties,
owing
to
this
societies are
two sophomore members who
 
full speed
ried, all
was bound and blind-
score of excited
in
on
a
guillotine
of
1880 the societies
freshman fraternity. Gamma Xu, founded
in 1859 as a non-secret,
literary society,
fra-
ternities
and Eta Phi, the
their
workings
fact, such is
fiction is
encouraged. The
to
an
jilays and burlesques
so-
campus
at-
each its
a
senior
society.
Delt,
the su-
elaborate
would
be
ceremonies
the
founding,
in
1776,
of
Phi
fra-
Weishaupt, in
mere con-
jecture. The
that
Virginia, in
quent letter-writing and trans-Atlantic
Fellows
had
city from
effort to find
of
telligence
volved
between
who
were
the form
up, enclosing
blem,
a
crescent
with
seven
The rope of gold requires no
explanation.
1828
and
1835,
and
to
the
Masonic
emblem more
come a
the
senior years. It
to
further
details
concerning
in
Michigan.
Its
i)olicy
of
extension
has
since
taken
it
to
chosen
by
the
a
black
and
growing
prestige
are
admitted
having
been
the for-
rapid
a crescent
waxing moon
and a
the
social
institutions except
as
far
south
as
Psis''
ters
within
twenty-five
years
after
the
ces-
for-
mer
its
closer
and
tor
dominant
influence
over
system at
Epsilon.
Its
known
as
the
by
Benjamin
Eng-
one another,
houses.
costly.
January
1,
Va., by
slab
of
with
the
Albany
diagonally
the watch-key
badge of
Union
Colleges.
general
Greek-letter
it was
governed by
perous, although
institutions of tlie
on
Kappa
and
the
this society was held in
the
Apollo
room
and
Bava-
boys who
higher
education
the founding of the new society
in
the
was formed
to be
that year
local chapters
is due to
Parmele of Harvard
dead, what
Ei)silon,
in
placed at Washington,
as
described
by
year,
 the
former,
to
recommend
Council
and
adopt
a
constitntion.
tors and delegates,
whom
The
re-
sulting
figure
a
hexagon
consisting
of
six
Beta
Kappa
badges. Thus,
Alpha Delta
cres-
cent
hands with-
same time
''^word
was
tlie
the
eral Greek-letter
'49
Robert
Thomjoson
Drake,
it had
the
were noteworthy exceptions at
ginia, University
of Vermont,
chapters
cuse,
Phi
Delta
college
long
of
which
has
a
president
 Phis
in
1852,
by
Charles
P.
T.
Moore
it had gained
estab-
Avhere Kap2:)a
across
at
Union
it
'vL842
to
Columbia,
at
chai^ters
whom
were
associ-
ated
John
made
is
first
Williams being
members of
all Greek-letter
of gradu-
tion
the
charges.
The
and
an
California,
Magill
of
Toronto
of a spirit
fifteen
years
than,
some
which
Ben.
T.
Cable,
Depart-
ment;
A.
D.
Hazen,
of
the
United
States
Post-Office
Artvaiicc
Guard
of
described
or-
which
Captain Phelps is mentioned as having
been
of the
by it.
B.
F.
Stephenson,
in
lows, the earlier
was ready,
this way
Department
staff,
was
Blue,
was
to
life
of
in
Blue clubs
^^osts
of
to
October,
1866,
but
eligible to
desirability of some
were,
from
i^ublic distrust
Grand Army ''to
political
means
regulations in 1869:
for partisan
at
any
j^ointed
B.
ence of these wise
provided for a
of
up
veterans' rights
the
Re-
bellion.
1866,
provisional
changed
in
1886;
inde-
to
through which
or
more
All
the
adoption
United States,
remembrance of this
most solemn manner,
States.
the eldest
and
in
worthy. In some State
he-
reditary
membership,
and,
war
are
Eligibility
to
Companionship
is
any battle
States,
almost
exclusively
within
the gene-
sided
Cincinnati.
The
the
Soci-
ety
of
the
Cincinnati,
aided
the
American
cause,
at
Plymouth
Rock,
December,
1620,
have
Holy Roman Empire
a head.
and
file
men.
of
com-
 
lion
STATES
373
who,
upon
the
most
in
the
Third
belief
and
trust
in
Almighty
God,
extolling
Ilim
under
whose
been
blue Mal-
 
worth,
April
22,
October
20,
18SG;
Women's
Eelief Corps,
auxiliary to
This left only three Camps
of the
character and
provided
that
no
or
soldiers,
sailors,
and
marines
worthy
the G. A.
Veterans
those
two
years
but
no
drafted
person
or
substitute,
nor
any
one
who
has
elected,
a battle
The
Eepublic and the
total membership
of
G. A.
Division
of
Reunions were
held at
Jackson, Mississippi,
Nashville
in
June,
1897,
monument
at
Richmond,
Va.,
to
Jefferson
of
Encampment
Auxiliary to
could
bility
clause,
admitting
all
loyal
women
cating restriction
tion. (See Ladies
Army of the
who rendered
of this
organization was
iron and
steel which
Pittsburg, with branches throughout
labor
among
the
secret
trades
unions
fund
monthly
assess-
rose
trial
activity.
battle.
The
result
of
the
con-
tinued
antagonism
of
the
American
Railwuy
the
members, so
its leaders,
the Social
wall work
as a
secret societies, with
and
Canada,
or
The
society
in 1866. John
protection and
mason
the
plasterers
secret
Railway
Con-
made public
war were
consistent with
dens,
and
de-
iliary organization for
named being
 
known of its
numerical strength. There
contracts between it and
engineers,
union,
similar
in
jiurpose
to
re-
and
at Chicago
emblem
conductors, and
telegraphers in
terned
did
not
live
long.
(See
Order
the
highest
less than
by
the
Knights
of
on
the
ing officials, direct
descent from any
characteristics of
Iron and Steel Workers,
General Council
of  the
at Paris and
international trade
brought
its
de-
re-
the remaining
ermine
of
the
bench.
The fruits of
stolen to build
man-
is
rapidly
ratio of 16 to
of
that
city.
Nearly
members of
laborer
is
worthy
men.
 
joyment of
piness
thereafter
S.
Stephens,
published
prises, the
progress of
finally
disbanded
at
his
of
with  the International,' the projected
order
rather
same time
character,
mem-
circulars,
rej)orts,
be admitted
Freemasonry is not likely
Rite
Freemasonr}'.
Profes-
Lawyers, liquor
at
the
beginning
investigate
cause
public
public, it
would expose
was intended
initiated soon
1872,
that
Assembly
No.
3
to
Xew
York
No.
of
Pennsylvania,
in
West
Virginia,
Indiana,
and
with
referred
to
and France,
favors
the
initiative
ment
of
not bear
ances
vict
labor
Order
to
secure
the
just
demands
of
labor
Executive
in
its
Wilson
in
1894,
and
otherSjWith
that
it
had
For a
gradually disappeared
also signal-
ized his
and
death
ben-
efits.
Beneficiary
serious check
\n 1894
to the
ben-
much to
and has
by
is to
have no
subordinate lodges.
—Recently
true fraternity and
Records
and of the Treasury and
Post
Office
men
and
women
relations;
to
eliminate,
so
far
no
West.
Professional
laborers, entered
foot
professions,
dishonored
thorough organi-
zation among
soldiers,
President
Johnson,
the
suggestion
of
the
Grange,
Avhich
has
done
by
Avhom
ment of
the first
third, but
at the
days 330
Agricultural Wheel
of Cauada.
cooperative
projects,
was,''
growing
the
Order
meaning,
has
thus
be
dislodged.
The
ritual
Masters and
Past Masters
Past Masters of
and
ual,
highest
degree,
represents
the
Ceres
on
a
modern
farm
in
are
confronted
enth,
Ceres,
corn-color.
a
farmer has
bene-
fits,
and
America formed at
pays
no
league. All
the delegates
within
parts
of
the
country,
that
1852.
The Club is probably
even
of Labor
in active
years.
of
the
time,
and
to
Gody
is
Or-
der
appearance.
Samaritans
at
to aid
the
At
a
lodge
of
colored
a
period
six
tion
Y., during the
winter of 1850-51.
posed
entirely
of
by Thomas
National Bank, New York, former
Post-
master-General
Early
in
1850
tral
had
three
issued
from
the
office
of
self
lage
1,
of
went
to
work
harmoniously.
Good
Templars
years
it
was
confined
to
nearly every
and repre-
schism,
however,
Aus-
As
that effectually
payment
of
sick
and
other
not
borrowed from English Odd
hours.
that only
Rech-
one
and com-
parisons leave
much to
ing
No
pledged
to
perance. (See
on
with the Freemasons,
organized
at
socially,
and
religiously
for
the
growth
was
marked,
doubtedly
inspired
by,
was
not
has successfully combined its temperance
principles
increased, over
rights
vested in
a
sufficient
number
of
and
Canada.
Tlie
strength
of
States
and
Canada,
al)out
30,000
does
Temperance
was
zation of the National
abstinence
who
broke
his
by
sixteen
gentle-
men,
permanence
to
benefits
States,
throughout
subordinate.
Grand,
toxicating
site to
or
Cadets,
Order of Eechabites, formed
to
formulate
in
1846,
it had
than
3,000,000
been in-
to the
1896, residents of
necticut,
not obligatory. The social department
is
composed
are
lodge in Freemasonry under the American
system or rite. Quite significant, as
bear-
the
order,
nine-
pointed
star,
Supreme Council, which
the latter being
composed of representatives
of subordinate temples
is
attested
by
Fraternities
cons^iirators
were to
latter.
those identified with the
camps of
March
4,
the
birthday
which animates
dark and evil days.
of
maintain
the
States in
case of
is
called
the
Industrial
Army,
which
General
Master
Workman
Sovereign
of
is
nothing
is a weapon
freed
itself
men
in
the
face.
Fellow
reformer,
had
commander-in-chief, and not to  tolerate
Chinese, Italians, or Jews.
workings of the society,
in the
is
in-
teresting.
At
word
 Klan
alliteration. The
suggest that there was
excessively
were
not
permitted
to
tell
who
belonged
to
it
or
They wore
introdubtion
of
candidates
like
societies,
and
were storm-torn,
limbless trunks
of trees.
take
ing region.
dominion;
a
government,
the
supremacy
of
meaning
from
the
oppressed;
it.
Bad
1868 Avas
that many
of this
act, and
the
Order
by
the
 
have been taken
on the
condition of
not justly
of the
May
there
never
be
again.
known to be
Belgique.
and
its
membershij)
and the
were
selected
protect
and
Credited to
cal
organization
in
Gang, Avas
trick, as
are
of
posed of
to-day
the
elections,
courts
of
lynched.
murdered men.
twelve
New
given
regions
of
professing the
pass-
words,
cally
dominate
the
latter,
which,
opinion that
the coal
reason were regarded as
obscure. The original of that name
ap-
ance
to
the
disguised,
would
and Molly Maguires in
and
Character
antagonism.*
A
the Molly
;
cases of
thirty-five instances
furnished by
consent
prime mover,
the
of Detective James McParlan, an Ulster
Koman
ar-
ticle
on
more
of
my
than John Sharkey.
and
the
fearful
oath
of
the
order
Maguires,
road indicates by
both its diameters,  religious, or  very
religious
people
a
circle
with
an
third classifications of
a
reign
of
terror
TO
GENEALOGICAL
OR
FAMILY
TREES
Eastern
Star,
Ancient
and
Honorable
Order
of
the.
99.
Eastern
Star
Benevolent
IS.3,
19,5,211.
221.
286,
287,
307,
34(>.
403,
147,
152,
179.
Foresters,
122,
123,
2;J0, 231,
2;12, 2;K,
251,
252,
2,5f),
;M7, 3.53,
the Red
Cross of
164,
292.
316.
418.
419.
186, 187, 189,
2i)'.), »K),
Jerusalem.
230,
209.
Malta.
Grand
Black
Lodge
of
Scotland.
275.
200, 207,
208,
270.
31li.
2-t3,
274,
275,
276.
of, .395.
;325,
2()2.
315, 318,
279,
424.
St.
Patrick's
326.
Sun, League
of Friendship,
146, 148,
174,
17.5,
229, 31.5, 4(K).
Bannister, James,
Bates,
John
L.,
viii.
Bates,
Stockton.
64.
Bates.
William
L.,
65.
43,
40,
47,
4S,
,50.
Fraiu/.en,
190.
Gernnnm.
Kniu>e.
Lakin,
207.
275.
Northrop, Aaron
Roseiibaum. Chat les
Server, John. xiii.
Sisson, John
W.. 03.
Wagner.
Louis.
.'iOO.