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CZO
Southern Sierra CZO: snowline processes
CZO
Water balance instrument cluster
Southern Sierra CZO
Southern Sierra CZO team
Principal investigators
Roger Bales, UC Merced
Beth Boyer, UC Berkeley
Martha Conklin, UC Merced
Mike Goulden, UC Irvine
Jan Hopmans, UC Davis
Dale Johnson, U Nevada Reno
Jim Kirchner, UC Berkeley
Christina Tague, UC Santa Barbara
Carolyn Hunsaker, USFS-PSW
Research team
9 students, TBD
Field hydrologist/geochemist
Data manager
Education/communications scientist
Cooperating investigators & students, TBD
Proposed research investigations
1. water cycle & response to perturbations: rain vs. snow dominance, baseflow response, soil moisture, ET & snow patterns/responses
2. coupled hydrologic & (bio)geochemical processes/cycles: soil moisture controls on C/N cycles, weathering & landscape evolution
3. extreme hydrologic events in hydrologic & biogeochemical cycles: linking weathering & nutrient fluxes to fire/rain/snowmelt
4. vegetation control over fluxes of water & nutrients: linking ET, synthesis, respiration to soil moisture & water cycle
5. pathways for transport of water, heat & mass: subsurface pathways, role of meadows, nutrient response to rain vs. snowmelt
6. role of seasonal snowpack in determining critical zone processes: role of snowpack (duration) in N cycling & weathering
Education: train YI instructors & bring more CZ science into their curriculum – about 13,000 middle/high school students cycle through YI 3-5 day courses in the Sierra Nevada annually (near UC Merced)
Gradients in hydrology & geochemistry
Cumulative discharge for 3 catchments, water year 2004
Major ions in streamwater
Southern Sierra CZO measurements
KREW measurements by PSW
stream stage & discharge
stream channel
stream condition inventory
stream physical habitat survey
erosion & sedimentation
geology
soils & litter
shallow soil water chemistry
snowmelt & rain chemistry
stream water chemistry
riparian & upland vegetation
fuel loading
stream invertebrates
algae & periphyton
Instrument grant & CZO additions
flux tower, eddy correlation
snow depth
soil moisture
sap flow
cosmogenic nuclides
high-frequency, high-resolution stream temperature
water levels, piezometersstable isotopescarbon & nitrogen cycling
Digital library: https://eng.ucmerced.edu/snsjho/
KREW is a USFS long-term integrated watershed study
Southern Sierra CZO:snowline processes
Goal: understand how critical-zone processes control fluxes & stores of water across the landscape & how the water cycle modulates
(bio)geochemical, biological, geomorphological & soil processes
Five questions define & focus the core measurements & research: i) how do coupled hydrologic & biogeochemical fluxes vary across the
rain-snow transitionii) what is the role of extreme hydrologic events in water &
biogeochemical balancesiii) to what extent does vegetation modulate or actively control the
primary subsurface fluxes of water & nutrients, vs. act as a passive agent
iv) over what time & space scales, & during what seasons, are macropores & other short-circuit pathways dominant in the critical zone
v) how does the presence of a seasonal snowpack affect soils, geomorphology, biogeochemistry & hydrology in Sierra watersheds & hillslopes, & how will the relevant processes & reservoirs respond as the climate warms & snowpacks recede
Instrument sites
soil moisture, snow, sap flow
Soils grid
Sediment grid
Vegetation grid
Riparian transects