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A Reality in Bangladesh
Regional Consultation on Resilience
06-08 Feb, 2013
Hotel Himalaya, Kathmandu, Nepal
Shah Md. Ashraful Amin
Christian Aid-Bangladesh
Presented at the Christian Aid – Regional Consultation on Resilience – South Asia
06-08 Feb 2013, Kathmandu, Nepal
Outline of the Discussion
What are the major consequences?
Why Bangladesh is Vulnerable to CC?
Climate Change (CC) Stressors and their Impacts on BD
Challenges for the vulnerable community
Challenges from CC Perspective
■ Socio-economic and Physical Dimension
Immediate Response
Consequences of CC
� Temperature Rise
– Land Surface Temperature
– Sea Surface Temperature
� Variation in Precipitation
� Sea Level Rise
Majority of the impacts of climate change can be reflected in water. This is:
a. Too much waterb. Too little waterc. Wrong type of waterd. Wrong timing of water
Changes in Means
Changes Potential Impacts
Increase in temperature Reduction of crop yield
Scarcity of water/Drought
Human health, LS, Poultry
Variation in precipitation Increase risk of flooding
Increase risk of water logging
Increase risk of landslide
Increase risk of in-migration due to river bank erosion
SLR Salinity intrusion, Inundation
CC Stressors and Consequences
Changes in ExtremesChanges Potential Impacts
Flood Damage to households in slum and squatter areas
Damage to roads and other infrastructures
Damage to utility services
Spread out of water borne diseases
Drought Severe water scarcity
Heat or cold waves
Short term changes in energy demand
Health stress due to extra heat or cold
Tornado Damage to households in slum and squatter areas
Damage to utility services
Cyclone Wash away everything
CC Stressors and Consequences
Changes in Exposure
Changes Potential Impacts
Population Movements
People are exposed to hazards
Biological changes Increase of vector borne diseases;High rate of malaria, dengue, typhoid
CC Stressors and Consequences
CC
Sig
nal
Time
Base line
The cumulative effect of baseline shift and accentuation of extreme
CC
Sig
nal
Time
Base line
Accentuation of extremes
Cont.
Temp Rise
Temp Rise
Changes in rainfall
Increasing frequency of
extreme eventsDecades No. of events
Flood Cyclone Tornado Drought
80s 1 7 2 3
90s 3 4 1 3
00s 9 7 6 1
01s 6 1 5 0
Total 19 19 14 7
WHY BANGLADESH IS VULNERABLE??
The Bengal Delta is the product of complex hydrological and sedimentation processes of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
(GBM) river systems
Sea Level Rise
The IPCC 3rd Assessment report estimated that the global rise in sea level from 1990 to 2100 would be between 9 and 88 cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Year 2030 Year 2050 Year 2100
Year
SL
R (
cm
)
TAR/ NAPA SMRC
SLR trend in Bangladesh
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Hiron Point Char Changa Cox’s Bazar
Station
mm
/ yr
SMRC 2010
Sea Level Rise
SLR and Mangrove Forest
Source: Kibria, G. 2012
Cyclone
Erratic Rainfall
Flood
Flood 2004
River Bank Erosion
EXISTING DROUGHTB SITUATION,
AND DROUGHT SITUATION IN THE YEARS 2030 & 2075
EXISTING DROUGHT
DROUGHT CLASSES
Very Severe Drought
Severe Drought
Moderate Drought
Less Moderate Drought
Slight Drought
Very Slight to Nil
Severe & Moderate
Moderate & Less Moderate
Sunderbans
Forest
ADDITIONAL DROUGHT
PRONE AREAS IN 2030
ADDITIONAL DROUGHT
PRONE AREAS IN 2075
Way forward
Manage the Unavoidable = Adaptation
Avoid the Unmanageable = Mitigation
National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) 2005, revised in 2009
■ 45 measures; 18 prioritized; (9 short term, 9 mid term)
Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2008, revised in 2009
■ 10 year prog (2009-2018)
■ 6 pillars; 44 programmes, 145 actions
Response to CC
Climate Change Trust Fund Act 2010
■ Formation of Climate Change Trust Fund
■ 100 M$/year since 2010 from national budget
Climate Change Unit under MoEF
■ Financial support to different ministries and govt. departments
■ National NGOs
Climate Change Resilience Fund
Response to CC
Raised Plinth Height
Ho
me
ste
ad
Ga
rde
n
on
Ra
ise
d P
lin
th
Raised Plinth of Toilet
Livestock During Flood
Preservation of Household Assets Over False Ceiling
Storage of Food for Flood
Storage of Safe Drinking
Water & Dry Food
Community based rain
water harvesting
Household based rain
water harvesting
Floating Garden
During Flood
Locally Known as
Baira Cultivation
Raised Tube Well
Store Extra Furnace
Protecting from
Erosion
Protecting IGA
Community People Using the Water of Re-excavated Pond
Pond Sand Filter
Household Based Rain Water Harvesting in Drought Prone Area
Drip Irrigation
Household Based Irrigation Farming
Crab Farming in Saline Water
Chickpeas in Drought Area
THANK YOU