1

saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centri

The Folklore State Centre of Georgia

k a v s a Z e e b imonografia

K A V S A D Z E S

monograph

eZRvneba daTaSka kavsaZis dabadebidan 100 wlisTavs

Dedicated to the 100th anniversary since Datashka (Davit)

Kavsadze’s birth

Tbilisi 2007

Tbilisi 2007

2

folkloris saxelmwifo centri daxmarebisaTvis madlobas ux-

dis: kaxi da anzor kavsaZeebs, patiko tatiSvils, erovnuli arqivis

generalur direqtors Teona iaSvils, kinofotofono arqivis di-

reqtors marlen kitias, ilia WavWavaZis saguramos saxl-muzeumis

direqtors andro bedukaZes.

teqstis avtori da redaqtori _ baia asieSvili

gamocemaze muSaobdnen:

nana kalandaZe

nana valiSvili

nunuka SveliZe

Tea kasaburi

damkabadonebeli _ kaxa wurwumia

wigni daibeWda Sps `favoritSi~

The State Folklore Centre of Georgia thanks for the assistance: Kakhi and Anzor Kavsadzes, Patiko Tatishvili, Teona Iashvili (General Director of the National Archive), Marlen Kitia (Director of the Cinema-Photo-Phono Ar-chive), Andro Bedukadze (Director of Ilia Chavchavadze’s Home-Museum in Saguramo).

Author an editor of the text: Baia Asieshvili

Works for this publication were performed by:

Nana KalandadzeNana ValishviliNunuka Shvelidze Tea Kasaburi

Typographic design by Kakha Tsurtsumia

The book was printed in ”Favoriti”, Ltd.

3

qarTulma xalxurma mravalxmianma simReram ganviTarebisa

da srulyofis xangrZlivi periodi ganvlo. didi momRerle-

bis, momRerali gvarebis, Cveni lotbar-mgalobelTa warmo-

Cena-gamomzeurebis `oqros xana~ XIX-XX saukuneTa mijnaze

dadga, roca daiwyo maTi Cawera-dafiqsireba da qarTuli

simRerebis scenaze Sesruleba. qarTuli xalxuri sasimRe-

ro xelovneba erovnuli cnobierebis TvalsawierSi moeqca

da erovnuli meobis gamoxatvis erT-erT niSansvetad iqca.

qarTvel kacs bunebrivi moTxovnileba gauCnda saqarTvelos

sxvadasxva kuTxis simReris erTad Tavmoyrisa da am erTia-

nobis scenaze xilvisa. amdenad, meoreuli sasimRero fol-

kloris warmoSoba gardauvali aRmoCnda. aRniaSvil-rati-

lis pirveli gundis Semdeg es misia, XIX saukunis miwuruls,

sandro kavsaZis `qarTulma gundma~ ikisra da popularobiT

ratilisas gautolda. `kavsaZeebis momReral gvarze wera ar

aris advili. es gvari, rogorc karbelaSvilebi, faliaSvile-

bi, dumbaZeebi, CavleiSvilebi, erqomaiSvilebi da sxvebi, Ta-

viseburebebiT gamoirCeva. simReriT gataceba da siyvaruli

am gvarSi Taobidan Taobaze gadadis~ (lado gegeWkori, `qar-

Tuli xalxuri simReris ostatebi~, folkloris saxelmwifo

centris arqivi).

kavsaZeTa gvaris modgmas, wina Taobebs, mxolod grigol

kavsaZisgan SegviZlia mivadevnoT Tvali. ucxovria sofel

xovleSi, yofila mRvdeli, kargi momRerali da mgalobeli,

mravalricxovani ojaxis patroni. grigolis Svilebisagan sa-

simRero-samgaloblo tradicia Zmebma _ sandrom da longi-

nozma da maTma STamomavlebma _ andro, mixeil, giguSa, da-

TaSka, nikoloz(kolia) da anzor kavsaZeebma gaagrZeles da

Tavisi sityva Tqves qarTuli xalxuri simReris saSemsru-

leblo da salotbaro xelovnebaSi.

4

Temuri

vaJa

ciala

givi

qeTo

elguja

ciala

rusiko

naTela

rezo

irakli

lado

dinara

niko

qeTo

kako

nodari

gurami

JuJuna

zeinabi

dodo

griSa

gogi

vaJa

giuli

sandro

soso

anzori

iveri

naTela

kaxi

imeri

Tamara

gia

manana, nana

dima besiki

maka

qeTi

miSa

malxazi, givi

amirani, Temo

kote

qeTino

rusiko

giorgi

soso

daTo, maiko

nino, miSiko

daTo, Tea

vaxo, mamuka

Sorena

guri

giorgi

elene

oTari

TaTia

vaJa

zaza

TamTa

andro

daTo

cira

salome

iveri

giorgi

laSa

irina

natalia

TinaTini

giguSa

daTaSka

ritasa

nd

ro

babulia

vaxtangi

irakli

io

se

bi

Saqro

qucuna

Tamara

vano

il

ia

andro

miSa

kola

lado

vera

lo

ng

in

oz

i

fiso

naTia

omari

irina

nana

lado

laura

enguli

rusudani

nugzari

gia

paata

nukri

zaza

gia, qeTi, marika

irakli, SoTa, TamTa

nino, nestani, daTo

Tika

sandro

gia

nino

daTo

irakli

daTaSka

grigoli longinozi ilia iosebi gola sandro maSo ekaterine

5

sandro kavsaZe (1874-1939)

saqarTveloSi sagundo mRe-

ris saTaveebTan sandro kav-

saZe dgas. sandrom udidesi

roli Seasrula qarTl-kax-

uri simRerebis aRdgena-po-

pularizaciis saqmeSi. `misi,

rogorc Semsrulebel-so-

listis uzado ostatoba,

didi diapazonis, iSviaTi si-

lamazis kolorituli xma

(tenori) da qarTluri kilos

araCveulebrivi, Taviseburi

interpretacia aRafrTova-

nebs msmenels, xolo mis mier

namReri `urmuli~ da `mTao,

gadmiSvi~ dRemde samagaliTo

rCeba~ (anzor erqomaiSvili).

sandro kavsaZe daibada 1874 wels sofel xovleSi (dRevan-

deli kaspis raioni). simRera mamam Seaswavla, simRera-galo-

baSi ki goris sasuliero saswavlebelSi simon gogliCiZesTan

daostatda. lotbarma sandro saswavleblis gundSi Tavis

moadgiled daniSna. am gundSi eufleboda simRera-galo-

bas soso juRaSvilic (stalini). sandro kavsaZe 15-17 wlisa

lotbarobda, Tan SesaniSnavi xmiT msmenelTa yuradRebas

ipyrobda. goris saswavleblis damTavrebis Semdeg Tbili-

sis sasuliero seminariaSi ramdenime Tve swavlobda da, mo-

wafeTa areulobaSi monawileobisaTvis, oras seminarielTan

erTad, seminariidan garicxes. am dros sandro kavsaZes ukve

lado aRniaSvilis gundis solistad iwveven.

sandro kavsaZe

Sandro Kavsadze

6

1893 wels 19 wlis sandro kavsaZe gorSi ayalibebs ̀ qarTul

gunds~ _ ratilis Semdeg meore gunds. gundSi mRerodnen

Tavisi Zmiswuli mixeil kavsaZe da vano sarajiSvili. sand-

ros, miSasa da vanos namReri atyvevebda msmenelebs. gorSi ga-

mosvlis Semdeg jer kidev sasuliero saswavleblis mowafes

da gundis xelmZRvanels soso juRaSvils uTqvams: ramdenime

xans gorSi koncertebs aRar gavmarTavT, gorelebs kavsaZis

gundis namReri unda daaviwydeTo.

1896 wels sandro kavsaZe ukve TbilisSi ayalibebs gunds.

gundma udidesi roli Seasrula qarTuli musikaluri kul-

turis ganviTarebaSi. sandro zustad icavda xalxuri musi-

kaluri azrovnebis kanonzomierebebs. igi kargad icnobda

qarTlis soflebs. gansakuTrebiT ainteresebda qarTl-kax-

uri simRerebi, am margalitebs eZiebda, krebda da Sehqonda

Tavisi gundis repertuarSi, Tan moswavle axalgazrdobas

aswavlida. TbilisSi gundis Seqmnis paralelurad mas-

wavleblobda Tbilisis, mcxeTisa da winamZRvrianTkaris

sandro kavsaZe iliaobaze, 1896

Sandro Kavsadze at Iliaoba (Ilia Chavchavadze’s birthday cellebration), 1896

7

skolebSi. winamZRvrianTkaris sasoflo-sameurneo skolis

damaarsebels, cnobil pedagogsa da sazogado moRvawes,

ilia WavWavaZis megobars, ilia winamZRvriSvils sandro

kavsaZe simRera-galobis maswavleblad miuwvevia. axal-

gazrda momRerlisa da lotbaris moRvaweoba aRafrTova-

nebda did ilias. Turme gansakuTrebiT moswonda sandros

Sesrulebuli `urmuli~ da `orovela~. mixeil javaxiS-

vils Semounaxavs metad saintereso mogoneba saguramoSi

_ `iliaobaze~ _ winamZRvrianTkaris skolis mowafeebisa

da maswavleblebis, maT Soris, sandro kavsaZis stumrobis

Sesaxeb: `ilias dReobaSi zedized oTxjer viyavi. 1896 da

1897 wels Cvens gunds ordenosani sandro kavsaZe xelmZR-

vanelobda. me pirvel xmas vambobdi, is ki moZaxils... im

dRes diliT galobaSi kidev erTxel vivarjiSeT, sufTad

CavicviT da saguramosken gavwieT. win maswavlebeli Tedo

megreliSvili migviZRvis, mas momReralTa gundi misdevs...

ilias saxls rom mivuaxlovdiT, mgzavrulis kiloze misive

leqsi davZaxeT:

qarTvelo, xeli xmals ikar,

dRe gaTenda didebisa,

Tof-iaraRi aisxiT,

dro modis gamarjvebisa!

win ilia gamogvegeba, gars SemovexvieT da simRera davas-

ruleT...

Cvenma gundma uamravi simRera icoda: `guSin Svidni gurja-

nelni~, `gafrindi, Savo mercxalo~, `murmano~, `Tamaris droSa

gaSales~, `waiyvanes Tamar qali~, `aRsdeg, gmirT-gmiro~, `Cux-

CuxiT Camorboda~ da mravalnairi `mravalJamieri~. vulgarul

`Seni Wirimes~ da ratilis kiloebs ilias xalxuri simRera er-

Civna. es Cvenc vicodiT da TiTqmis mxolod lado aRniaSvilis

repertuars viyenebdiT. ilia bans gveubneboda, magram smena ar

uvargoda da amitom misi xma disonansad ismoda. Cven, ra Tqma

8

unda, verafers vubedav-

diT. sama gierod, erTma

glexma Seubeda da gaaCuma.

`berikaci var, nu momklav~

ilias gagiJebiT uyvarda.

es simRera Cveni gundis Sem-

deg glexebma daiwyes. ilia

maSinve iq gaCnda, or glexs

mxrebze moexvia da bani mi-

ayola. mec iq gavCndi da

erTi mokle dialogi kar-

gad gavigone:

_ iliav, gaCumdi, _

uTxra glexma.

_ ver gavCumdebi, _

miugo iliam, _ eg simRera

Zlier miyvars da mec unda

vimRero.

_ ilia, gaCumdi, Torem Cven gavCumdebiT.

_ kargi, isev me gavCumdebi, _ uTxra iliam da is simRera

xangamoSvebiT sam-oTxjer aTqmevina~.

...sruliad axalgazrda momReralsa da lotbars sandro

kavsaZes mTel saqarTveloSi icnobdnen. maSindeli sazoga-

doeba da msmeneli momzadebuli aRmoCnda qarTuli xalxuri

musikaluri xelovnebis misaRebad, gasacnobiereblad da ga-

saTaviseblad. imdroindeli presa uyuradRebod ar tovebda

sandro kavsaZis gundis arcerT koncerts, yovelTvis exmau-

reboda mis saSemsruleblo ostatobas.

1897 wels foTis qalaqis Tavma, didma sazogado moRvawem

da pulicistma, niko nikolaZem, sofrom mgalobliSvilis

rCeviT, foTSi gamoiZaxa axalgazrda sandro kavsaZe da mas

saxeldaxelod gundis Seqmna sTxova. naucbadebad Seqmnilma

gundma, romelSic SemdegSi cnobili momRerlebi _ besarion

CiCua, banZRi nodia, kosta gawerelia da sxvebi _ monawile-

3. sandro kavsaZe (zis)

Sandro Kavsadze (sitting)

9

obdnen, ramdenime saqvelmoqmedo koncerti gamarTa da mayu-

rebelTa didi mowoneba daimsaxura. Tavad sandrom ki `Tavi-

si mSvenieri simReriT ise aRtacebaSi moiyvana sazogadoeba,

rom ramdenimejer gamowveuli iqna scenaze da dajildoebu-

li taSis cemiT, niSnad Rrma pativiscemisa, mierTva dafnis

gvirgvini da Zvirfasi saCuqari zed warweriT: sayvarel mom-

Rerals b-n al. kavsaZes foTis sazogadoebisagan~. aRniSnul-

ma koncertma stimuli misca Zuku loluas mTel Tavis Semd-

gom moRvaweobaSi~ (lado gegeWkori, `qarTuli xalxuri sim-

Reris ostatebi~, folkloris saxelmwifo centris arqivi).

900-ian wlebSi sandro kavsaZe sonia ciciSvilze daqorwin-

da. itkices ciciSvilebma _ fanaskertel-ciciSvilis qalma

viRac ubralo momReralze rogor daiwera jvario!.. ciciSvi-

lis qalbatoni Tavdadebuli meuRle da deda gamodga, warb-

Seuxrelad itanda cxovrebiseul siZneleebsa da proble-

mebs. sandros meuRle adre gardaecvala da martom gazarda

sami Svili _ giguSa, daTaSka da rita (margarita).

1911 wels sandro kavsaZem Tavisi gundi Zmiswuls, mosko-

qarTl-kaxuri simRerebis gundi sandro kavsaZis xelmZRvanelobiT, 1910

Group of Kartl-Kakhetian song performers, directed by Sandro Kavsadze, 1910

10

vidan axlad dabrunebul mixeil kavsaZes gadasca, Tavad ki

samuSaod da gundebis Sesaqmnelad WiaTuraSi gadadis. or

aTeul welze meti imuSava sandro kavsaZem imereTSi. tyibu-

lisa da WiaTuris maRaroelTa gundebis garda, gundebs aya-

libebs saCxereSi, zestafonsa da quTaisSi, eweva pedagogiur

saqmianobas. 1930 wels moRvaweobis 30 wlis iubile gadauxa-

des da xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawis wodeba mianiWes.

1937 wlisTvis stalinma qarTvelTaTvis sami didi movlena

Caifiqra, erT-erTi moskovSi qarTuli xelovnebis pirveli

dekadis gamarTva iyo. did triumfs, stalinTan Sexvedris

detalebs aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos gundis wev-

rebi, TiToeuli damswre sxvadasxvanairad igonebs.

1935 wels sandro imereTidan TbilisSi gadmohyavT da de-

kadisaTvis aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eTnografiuli gundis

Seqmna-momzadebas avaleben. moadgiled umcrosi vaJi daTa-

Ska dauniSnes. qoreografiul nawils iliko suxiSvili uZR-

veboda. sakmaod mokle droSi sandro kavsaZem erT mTliano-

bad Sekruli mravalricxovani gundi brwyinvaled gamoiyvana

moskovSi. sadekado Semajamebeli koncerti 1937 wlis 8 ian-

vars moskovis did TeatrSi gaimarTa.

sandro kavsaZe da Zuku lolua akaki wereTelTan erTad WiaTuraSi, 1912

Sandro Kavsadze and Dzuku Lolua together with Akaki Tsereteli in Chiatura, 1912

11

qeTevan paWkorias mogoneba:

`...stalini sandro kavsaZes miubrunda: axalgazrda rom

iyavi, mjobnidi, axla ki me gjobnio. mere uTxra: _ simRera-

Si kirilem gajoba! _ majobebda, aba ra, _ upasuxa sandrom,

_ Cemi saukeTeso momRerlebi daiWires. _ rogor Tu dai-

Wires?! _ gabrazda stalini da berias ubrZana, am wuTSive

gaaTavisufleo... eseni iyvnen: mixa jiRauri, ivane da ioseb

mWedliSvilebi da kidev ar maxsovs, vin. marTlac, patimrebi

imave Rames gauTavisuflebiaT, etyoba, im wamsve daurekavs

berias moskovidan da stalinis brZaneba Seusrulebia.~

dekadis Semdeg sandro kavsaZe kremlis saavadmyofoSi

iwva, avad iyo, yeli stkioda. man werili miiRo stalinisagan.

konvertze rusulad ewera: `Товарищу Александру Кавсадзе, от Сталина~. werilSi ki qarTulad swerda: `sandros gaumarjos!

gavige SemTxveviT egnataSvilisagan, rom saavadmyofoSi yo-

filxarT, amboben Tqvenze _ Cqara mokeTdebao. Tu saWiroa

sandro(marcxniv) da giguSa(marjvniv) kavsaZeebi

Sandro(left) and Gigusha(right) Kavsadzes

12

riTime mogexmaroT, _ miTxa-

riT. me mzaTa var moxmare-

bisTvis. icocxleT aTasi we-

liwadi. salami!

Tqveni soso. 9/IX 37 w.~

1937 wlis 15 ianvars sandro

kavsaZe Sromis wiTeli droSis

ordeniT dajildovda. misi

gundidan `sapatio niSnis~ or-

denebi miiRes iliko suxiSvil-

ma, giorgi vardiSvilma, qeTe-

van miqelaZem da vladimer xe-

Tagurma.

TbilisSi dabrunebuli san-

dro kavsaZis gundi male sa-

gastrolod leningradSi mi-

iwvies. gunds ukve daTaSka xelmZRvanelobda. gastrolebma

triumfiT Caiara da 1937-38 wlebSi koncertebiT moiara ru-

seTis udidesi qalaqebi. am periodSi gundma ocze meti sim-

Rera Cawera: `Wona~, `Tebrone~, `brZana soloman~, `ferxuli~,

`guSin Svidni gurjanelni~ `heri, biWo, baCasao~ `cangala~

`visia, visia~, `modiso mteri~, `varado~; `murman~, `Sari-

Suri~, `zamTari~, `metiuri~ da sxva.

TbilisSi dabrunebulma sandrom muSaoba veRar gaagrZela.

verc kremlis saavadmyofoSi mkurnalobam uSvela. sandro

kavsaZe gardaicvala TbilisSi, 1939 wlis 12 ivniss. dakrZa-

lulia vakis sasaflaoze, qarTvel moRvaweTa panTeonSi.

sandro kavsaZe (zis)

Sandro Kavsadze (sitting)

stalinis naqoni Cibuxi

Pipe that once belonged to Stalin

13

daTaSka kavsaZe (1907 _ 1952)

daTaSka kavsaZis mwiri bio-

grafia pirvelad lado ge-

geWkoris wignSi _ `qarTuli

xalxuri simReris ostate-

bi~ _ daibeWda, dabadeba-

gardacvalebis TariRis ga-

reSe. misi cxovrebisa da Se-

moqmedebis gza samamulo omSi

gawveviT da 1941 wels qerCSi

daRupviT mTavrdeboda. im

dros sxvagvarad arc SeiZle-

boda _ simarTles aravin da-

beWdavda. daTaSkas daWerisa

da gadasaxlebis Semdeg es

gvari TiTqos arc arsebobda

qarTul xalxur simReraSi.

sinamdvileSi daTaSka kavsaZem

45 weli icocxla da 1952 wels

gadasaxlebaSi gardaicvala. misi namdvili biografia pirve-

lad axla, 2007 wels iwereba.

daviT kavsaZe daibada 1907 wlis 10 agvistos. sandro kav-

saZis ojaxis sacxovrebeli adgilebis xSiri cvlis gamo swav-

lobda WiaTuraSi, tyibulSi, quTaisSi, bolos 1926 wels Wia-

TuraSi daamTavra saSualo skola. 14 wlidan lotbarobda

WiaTuris saSualo skolis gunds. skolis damTavrebisTanave

dainiSna Sorapnis rkinigzis skolaSi simReris maswavle-

blad, momdevno wels quTaisis vaWrobis muSakTa klubSi mom-

ReralTa gundis lotbarad. 1929 wels Tbilisis meore samu-

siko saswavlebelSi Sedis. sam weliwadSi Zlevs mTel kurss

daTaSka kavsaZe

Datashka Kavsadze

14

da konservatoriis sakom-

pozicio fakultetis stu-

denti xdeba, mesame kursi-

dan ki sadiriJoro fakul-

tetze gadadis. amave dros

xelmZRvanelobs Tbilisis

skolebis, teqnikumebisa

da muSfakebis gundebs.

1929 wlidan Zmebi _ gigu-

Sa da daTaSka kavsaZeebi _

saqarTvelos pirvel, meo-

re da mesame olimpiadaze

sandro kavsaZis tyibulis

maRaroelTa gundis wamy-

vani xmebi iyvnen. 1935 wli-

dan, roca sandro kavsaZe

saTaveSi Caudga aRmosav-

leT saqarTvelos saxelm-

wifo eTnografiul gunds,

gundis birTvi isev misi va-

Jebi darCnen. salotbaro

saqmeSi studentobidanve daTaSka daostatda.

qarTuli xelovnebis pirveli dekadisaTvis mzadeba 1935

wlis miwurulidan daiwyo da sandros moadgiled oficial-

urad ukve Tavisi vaJi dauniSnes. dekadisaTvis aRmosavleT

saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi agrovebdnen saukeTeso momRer-

lebs. eTnografiul gunds SeuerTdnen kaxeli momRerlebi

mixa jiRaurisa da vano mWedliSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT.

amasTan dakavSirebiT giorgi javaxiSvilis wignSi _ `leqsisa

da simReris kvaldakval~ _ gogla yavalaSvilis saintereso

mogoneba arsebobs: `1936 wels, daaxloebiT 15 seqtembers, 10

saaTze, ezos karidan Zaxili Semomesma, gavedi, Cveni gundis

xelmZRvaneli tito mgalobliSvili da kidev oTxi ucnobi

kaci davinaxe, _ es amxanagebi Tbilisidan arian momRerlebis

daTaSkas ojaxi

Datashka’s family

15

wasayvanad Camosulebi, dRes Cvens gunds Seamowmeben da unda

moxvideo. titom roca mosuli stumrebi gamacno, aRmoCnda

daviT kavsaZe, giguSa kavsaZe, giorgi vardiaSvili da peto

zveriaSvili. maT Camoagdes laparaki qarTul xalxur simRe-

rebze. Tqves, SarSan moskovSi dasavleT saqarTvelos momRe-

ralTa eTnografiuli gundi iyo kirile paWkorias xelmZRva-

nelobiT da kargi Sefasebac misceso. axla, stalinis uSualo

davalebiT, saqarTvelos mTavrobam daiwyo zrunva qarTl-

kaxuri simRerebis aRsadgenad. monaxes Zveli lotbari sand-

ro kavsaZe, romelic gvixelmZRvanelebs, mTavrobam gundis

Sesanaxad xarjebi gamoyo da SevudeqiT Zveli momRerlebis

Sekrebaso.

saRamo xani iyo. mgalobliSvils gundi mzad hyavda da

stumrebis TandaswrebiT SevasruleT mTeli Cveni gundis

repertuari. roca me da beruaSvilma vimRereT `Cakrulo~,

`mravalJamieri~ da `Conguro~, momibrunda daviT kavsaZe da

miTxra: Zia gogla, xval sastumroSi amoxvalT, movilapara-

daTaSka megobrebTan

Datashka with friends

16

koTo. gadawyda Cemi da beriaSvi-

lis TbilisSi wayvana. TbilisSi

rom CamovediT, sandro kavsaZem

gviTxra: gamocdaze unda gaia-

roT, kompozitorebi da simReris

ostatebi daeswrebian, ecadeT,

kargad imReroTo. gamocdaze ma-

Sin vimRereT `mravalJamieri~ da

`Conguro~, romlebic Cvens sim-

Rerebad gamocxadda~....

1937 wlis miwuruls, umZimesi

represiebis Semdeg, stalinma,

qarTvelebis gulis mosagebad,

rusTavelis 750 wlis iubilec

aRaniSnina, ilias 100 wlisTavic

da qarTuli kulturisa da xelov-

nebis pirveli dekadac. dekadaSi

iseTi Zalebi monawileobdnen,

triumfi garantirebuli iyo da

asec moxda. amaze bevri dawerila

da kidev daiwereba. aq yuradRebis

centrSi stalini da qarTveleb-

Tan misi damokidebuleba iyo. am

erTi kacis sityva, Jesti, gamox-

edva, saubari xelovnebis ostate-

bTan, qarTuli xalxuri musikis

moRvaweebTan jerac amouwuravi

Temaa. momRerlebi yvelaze metad Relavdnen: stalins, Ta-

vadac SesaniSnavi xmisa da smenis patrons, Tavis droze Cine-

bul momReral- mgalobels verafers gamoaparebdnen. erTi

ram cxadia: beladma yvelasTan gamonaxa saerTo ena da yve-

las guli moigo. yvelaze STambeWdavi ormoci wlis Semdeg

yofili seminarielebis Sexvedra iyo (am Sexvedris Sesaxeb

daTaSkas vaJisTvis _ kaxi kavsaZisaTvis _ uambnia uSualo

daTaSka

Datashka

17

mxilvels _ akaki ZiZigurs): politbiuros wevrebsa da de-

kadis monawileebs Soris giorgievskis darbazSi gaimarTa

Sexvedra. yvela belads eloda. scenaris mixedviT, stalini

bolos unda Semosuliyo, Semovida da igriala vaSam. stalin-

ma xeli awia, yvela gaaCuma da mimoixeda _ TvalebiT viRacas

eZebda. xalxi aRelda, ar icoda, rogor moqceuliyo... bo-

los stalinma Cumad ikiTxa: sandro aq aris? _ yvelam SvebiT

amoisunTqa. gakeTda cocxali derefani _ TavSi didi bela-

di dgas, boloSi _ sandro da uyureben erTmaneTs. pirveli

nabiji stalinma gadadga, wamovida sandroc, SuaSi Sexvd-

nen erTmaneTs da gadaexvivnen. `Sen ar Secvlilxar~, _ uT-

xra stalinma da mxarze xeli dahkra. sandromac igive Jesti

gaimeora. stalinma kidev erTxel gaumeora: `Sen marTla ar

Secvlilxar~... Semdeg Cumad raRacaze saubrobdnen: TiTqos

stalins uTqvams megobrisaTvis _ Sen xom ici, me didi kaci

var da bevris gakeTeba SemiZlia. mTxove, rame ar gindao? _

Sen rom ewevi, es Cibuxi maCuqeo, _ daufiqreblad uTxovia

sandros. mokled, ase iyo Tu ise, stalinis naCuqari Cibuxi,

daTaSka kavsaZe Sorapnis gundis wevrebTan erTad

Datashka Kavsadze with the members of the Shorapani group

18

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19

beladis werilTan erTad, axlac kaxi kavsaZis ojaxSi inaxeba.

samwuxarod, Cven ar viciT, uTxra Tu ara sandrom stalins,

rom Tavisi vaJebic momRerlebi iyvnen da imJamad iq imyofe-

bodnen. maSin sandro kavsaZe verc ki warmoidgenda, rom 1941

wels misi orive vaJi qerCis sasaklaoze moxvdeboda, giguSa

daiRupeboda, daTaSka ki tyved Cavardeboda, rva wlis Semdeg

samSoblos Ralati dabraldeboda, daapatimrebdnen da Ta-

visi rZali Tamar cagareiSvili sandros saxeliT stalinTan

SeRwevas da qmris sicocxlis gadarCenas Seecdeboda. manamde

ki 1937-1939 wlebi didi triumfi iyo aRmosavleT saqarTvel-

os saxelmwifo eTnografiuli gundisa da, piradad, daTaSka

kavsaZisaTvis. `mwyobri mReriT~, rogorc maSindeli presa

werda, ansamblma koncertebi gamarTa moskovSi, leningradSi

da sabWoTa kavSiris sxva qalaqebSi. mamis mZime avadmyofobis

gamo gunds, faqtobrivad, daTaSka xelmZRvanelobda... 1939

wels aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelos eTnografiuli

gundebi gaerTiandnen saqarTvelos xalxuri simRerisa da

cekvis saxelmwifo ansamblad: samxatvro xelmZRvaneli gri-

gol kokelaZe, lotbarebi kirile paWkoria da daTaSka kav-

saZe, qoreografi jano bagrationi, Conguri da fanduri _

avqsenti megreliZe.

1941 wels samamulo omis dasawyisSi 34 wlis daTaSka isev

saxelmwifo ansamblis erT-erTi xelmZRvanelia. magram de-

kembris miwuruls omSi gaiwvies da `iqidan cocxali aRar da-

brunebula~, magram aqedan iwyeba is, rac mravali weli miCqma-

luli da tabudadebuli iyo.

kaxis naambobidan: `im dros ansamblis rigiT momRerlebs

hqondaT javSani, aramc Tu xelZRvanels. Zalauneburad ifiq-

reb: `Cauwyves~ da gangeb daumaleso. mamaCemic adga, daixura

qudi da wavida frontze. ra Tqma unda, qerCSi ukres Tavi

(mogvianebiT daTaSka swerda dedaCems, qerCSi zRvac iwvo-

dao). roca tyved Cavarda, mere Tqves, ager ar iyo javSanio?!

kavsaZeebi mtriani gvaria, magram esec xom aris, `kargia mudam

mtriani~! tyvedCavardnil oficrebsa da politxelebs germa-

20

qarTveli tyveebis gundi

Group of Georgian captives

21

22

nelebi adgilze xvretdnen. daTaSkas Cxrekisas fotosuraTi

upoves: meuRle da ori patara biWi _ me da imeri. didxans uy-

ura germanelma oficerma fotos, mere daTaSkas da uTqvams:

aseTi col-Svilisa da garegnobis kaci komunisti ver iqne-

bio. imjerad daTaSka aSkara sikvdils gadaurCa. Cven didxans

ar vicodiT misi tyved Cavardnis ambavi _ daRupuli gvego-

na. gvian gavigeT: safrangeTSia, qarTveli tyveebisagan gundi

Seuqmnia da simRerebs aswavliso. germanelebi imaT uSvebd-

nen sakoncentracio banakidan, visac dasavleTSi naTesavebi

hyavda. daTaSkasTan erTad tyved imyofeboda valodia xar-

bedia, safrangeTSi hyavda naTesavebi da gauSves. swored mas

uTqvams qarTuli emigraciisaTvis daTaSka kavsaZis tyveobis

ambavi da igi safrangeTis qarTvelobam parizSi waiyvana. mas

gundis Seqmna SesTavazes. qarTuli gundis Seqmnis mizeziT

Sedioda daTaSka sakoncentracio banakebSi da gamohyavda

qarTvelebi: Sevidoda da qarTulad ikiTxavda, vinc qarTve-

li xarT, gamodiTo. visac qarTuli esmoda, yvela gamodioda

Tamar cagareiSvili, kaxi da imeri kavsaZeebi

Tamar Tsagareishvili, Kakhi and Imeri Kavsadzes

23

_ azerbaijaneli, somexi, ebraeli. germanelebs ukvirdaT:

amdeni kaci gundSi rad gindaTo?! eseni jer avadmyofebi ari-

an, gamojanmrTeldebian da gairkveva, vis SeuZlia simRera da

vis arao, _ uxsnida daTaSka. bevri Semxvedria mamaCemis ga-

darCenili. erTma qarTvelma miTxra avstraliaSi: mamaSens

vuTxari, cxovrebaSi ar mimReria-meTqi. wadi, wadi, Tavs uSve-

leo. ase gadaarCina uamravi adamiani sikvdils. praqtikulad,

sakoncentracio banakSi qarTveli ar daRupula, magram, vinc

gadarCa da dabrunda, aq yvela daiWires da gadaasaxles~.

qarTvel tyveTa gundi safrangeTSi marTlac Seiqmna da, mis

xelmZRvanelze adre, raRac gzebiT gundis suraTma saqarTvel-

oSi CamoaRwia. kaxi kavsaZis ojaxSi axlac inaxeba es unikaluri

foto. maSin maTTan Cumad bevri dadioda, ukvalod dakarguli

Svilebis, qmrebisa da naTesavebis amocnobas lamobdnen _ fo-

toebs adarebdnen. es fotosuraTi daTaSkas meuRlem Tamar ca-

gareiSvilma ubeSi Cadebuli gadaarCina _ Cxrekisas amdeni ver

gabedes da xeli veRar Cauyves. Tamari `КГБ~-s xalxs eubneboda:

`ras eZebT, batonebo, hitleris werilebs xom arao~?!. tyve-

ebis gundis repertuari Cawerilia, gadarCa Tu ukvalod gaqra,

Zneli saTqmelia. iqneb safrangeTis

romelime arqivSi inaxeba. es momava-

li kvleva-Ziebis sagania...

1945 wlis dekemberSi tyveTa

gundi amerikaSi sagastrolod

unda wasuliyo. daTaSka amis magiv-

rad moskovSi dabrunda. eubnebod-

nen _ dagiWereno. mas ukvirda: ra

davaSave, ratom unda damiWirono?

moskovSi miSa Wiaurels Sexvda, man

cota xniT moskovSi darCena ur-

Cia. Wiaureli stalinTan unda Se-

suliyo da Sen Sesaxebac vetyvio,

Sehpirda. daTaSkam ver moiTmina,

Tanac axali weli modioda, oTxi daTaSka kavsaZe

Datashka Kavsadze

24

weli col-Svili ar enaxa da wamovida.

ojaxma da naTesaobam sagangebo Sexvedra mouwyves _ Seako-

wiwes Tu ki ram hqondaT da sufra gaSales. Camodga matarebeli...

magram daTaSka soWSi aeyvanaT. kaxis axsovs, dedamisi rogor

darboda da erTsa da imave sityvas imeorebda: `Почему, почему!..”

(mogvianebiT, roca kaxis moskovSi kinosareJisoro fakultet-

ze Cabareba undoda, man novela dawera saTauriT `Почему~).

meuRlem da Svilebma daTaSka pirvelad uSiSroebis izo-

latorSi naxes. oriveni _ kaxi da imeri _ muxlebze daisva,

efereboda da kaxis hkiTxa, _ musikas Tu swavlobo? Semdeg

gisosebs miRma aCvenes, mesamed mividnen da uTxres: waiyva-

neso. Tamarma maSinve Tqva: morCa, is veRar dabrundebao. er-

Txel wavida kidec meuRlesTan gadasaxlebaSi _ `sverdlov-

skaia oblast, stancia sosva~ _ es iyo da es.

kaxis naambobidan: ̀ roca mama daiWires, dedaCems sul uTvli-

da: rogorme stalins SeatyobineT Cemi ambavi _ sandro kavsa-

Zis Svili daWerilia, rogorc samSoblos moRalateo. dedaCemi

wavida moskovSi, Sexvda egnataSvils, magram stalinamde ver Se-

aRwia. egnataSvils uTqvams: omi axali damTavrebulia, stalini

isea dakavebuli, Cveni kaTolikos-patriarqi _ kalistrate

cincaZe _ sami Tvea, stalinis TxovniTaa Camosuli da vera da

ver Sexvda... ar vici, ramden xans dagWirdeba lodinio. dedaCemi

didxans ver darCeboda, ori patara bavSvi naTesavebTan vyavdiT

datovebuli. am vizitma erTi Sedegi mainc gamoiRo: CamorTmeu-

li bina dagvibrunes da ojaxma am mxriv mainc igrZno Sveba.

stalinis gardacvalebis Semdegac sakmaod didxans isev

akrZaluli iyo kavsaZeTa xseneba... SiSis sindromi kidev didx-

ans arsebobda: bebiaCemi, mari zurabovna _ robaqiZis qali _

ciciSvilis qalbatoniviT isic `moinglisur-mofrancicu-

le~ _ kategoriulad uaryofda grigol robaqiZesTan naTe-

saur kavSirs. mogvianebiT gavigeT, rom RviZli biZaSvilebi

yofilan...~

isev kaxis mogonebidan:

`1960 weli, ocdaxuTi wlis biWi rigaSi vimyofebi gadaRe-

25

baze, nomerSi Sevedi, radio CavrTe da raRac gamoacxades.

mivxvdi, xalxur simRerebs gadmoscemdnen. uceb gvari kav-

saZe gavigone. me megona, ramdenime dRis win interviu aiRes

Cemgan da albaT imas uSveben-meTqi. da uceb: `sativeze tivi

Sevkar...~ _ daiwyo giguSam, ahyva daTaSka (mamas patara xma

hqonda). egeni rom mRerodnen _ giguSa da daTaSka!.. iseTi pa-

saJia erTi `metiurSi~ _ erT sunqvaze sruldeba _ karuzos

kadenciasaviT... sentimentalisti ara var, magram marto viya-

vi nomerSi da mTeli xmiT vitire... mamaCemis cxovrebaze fil-

mis gadaReba undodaT. mTavari gmiri mamaCemis prototipi

unda yofiliyo. amasTan dakavSirebiT misi dakiTxvis oqmebi

amoiRes. me Zalian ganvicdidi, vRelavdi _ aseTi sabuTebi

yovelTvis saSiSia. magram, madloba RmerTs, miTxres: kaxi,

waikiTxe da ar Segrcxvebao. samwuxarod, filmis gadaReba

ratomRac ar moxerxda. mamaCemi represirebulia, magram rea-

bilitirebuli _ ara. gangeb ar vakeTeb amas: mamaCemi CemTvis

yovelTvis iyo nimuSi kargi, yvelaze wesieri kacisa. rac cx-

Tamari, kaxi da imeri

Tamar, Kakhi and Imeri

26

ovrebaSi fexi Sevdgi, arasodes mqonia mSoblebis kompleqsi

_ Zalian kargi mSoblebi myavda. `ui, daTaSkas Svili xar?~ _

masze yovelTvis mxolod kargi mesmoda. dedaCemma Cems xelSi

dalia suli. misi ukanaskneli sityva iyo _ `daTaSka~ da gar-

daicvala. dedaCemi mamamTilis, sandro kavsaZis, gverdiTaa

dasaflavebuli~.

patiko tatiSvilis mogoneba:

`mamaCemi _ akaki tatiSvili _ daTaSka kavsaZis tyveTa

gundSi mReroda. 1946 wels dabrunda germaniidan da 1948

wlis gazafxulze daiWires. miusajes 25 weli patimroba, Sem-

deg xuTi weli gadasaxleba. maSin mama 33 wlis iyo. sasjels

ixdida SoreulSi _ mordoveTis assr-Si. 1955 wlis zafxulSi

dabrunda. amis Semdeg mamas aRar umReria _ ganawyenebuli

iyo komunistebze. tyveobisa da tyveTa gundis ambebs ki xSi-

rad ixsenebda. tyved 1942 wlis dekemberSi Cavarda ukrainaSi.

mamaCemi kargad mReroda. WiaTuridan icnobda kavsaZeebs.

sandro xSirad stumrobda Cvens ojaxs. bebiaCems, jafariZis

qals, brwyinvale xma hqonda. sandro exveweboda babuaCems:

TbilisSi gamatane, wereTlebi da iSxnelebi amasTan araferi

iqnebao. ra Tqma unda, babuaCems ar uqnia _ coli me CemTvis

mindao. mamaCemi sandros gundSi mReroda, daTaSkasac kargad

icnobda da giguSasac. swored daTaSkam da arCil gomarTelma

gamoiyvanes tyveTa banakidan sam qarTvelTan erTad da oTx-

ive parizSi waiyvanes. amaTgan erT-erTi, TianeTeli beso mge-

liaSvili, SarSan gardaicvala. mamaCemi da beso xSirad stum-

robdnen erTmaneTs, Zvel ambebs ixsenebdnen da xandaxan Cumad

wauRiRinebdnen kidec. beso mgeliaSvili CamosvlisTanave

daiWires, aTi weli miusajes da ufro didxans ixdida sasjels.

zustad ar vici, ramden xans mRerodnen daTaSkas gundSi. Sem-

deg safrangeTSi Tavis Senaxva gaWirda, oTxiveni germaniaSi

dabrundnen da giorgi maRalaSvilis mamulSi muSaobdnen, ro-

melic im dros `TeTri giorgis~ xelmZRvaneli iyo.

mamaCemi orwel-naxevari dakiTxvaze dahyavdaT da mizezad

ori ram daudes: maRalaSvilTan produqcias qmnidi _ amiT

27

germaniis jars exmarebodi da daTaSkas gundSi Cven winaaRm-

deg mRerodio (igulisxmeba ratilis `samSoblo~, romelic

komunistebis dros akrZaluli iyo).

mama daTaSkas xSirad igonebda da ambobda: qarTuli xalx-

uri simRerebis unikaluri Semsrulebeli, araCveulebrivi

xmis patroni iyo, smenaze xom laparaki zedmetiao. giguSas

xom SesaniSnavi xma hqonda, magram daTaSka gamocdilebiTa da

profesionalizmiT gamoirCeoda. rogori megobroba icoda?!

_ suls amoiRebda da Cagidgamda!

mamaCemi xuTi wlis win gardaicvala. samwuxarod, mas Ca-

nawerebi ar dautovebia, ufro adre ki am ambiT arc aravin

dainteresebula...~

daTaSka kavsaZe 1952 wels gadasaxlebaSi gardaicvala Tu

daxvrites, misi saflavi ucnobia.

2007 wels daTaSka kavsaZes dabadebidan 100 weli usrul-

deba. swored mis naTel xsovnas eZRvneba es gamocemac.

longinoz kavsaZis ojaxi

Longinoz Kavsadze’s family

28

mixeil kavsaZe (1880-1951)

longinoz kavsaZis ufrosi

vaJi. Tavis da-ZmebTan (andro,

niko, lado, vera) erTad ojax-

Si bavSvobidanve ismenda sim-

Rera-galobas; aqedan SeiT-

visa, Seiyvara da bolomde mas

emsaxura. longinozi sionis

sakaTedro taZris RvTismsax-

uri iyo. pirvelad swored

sionSi mousmina mixeilma

auSevis rusul mgalobelTa

gunds da Zmebi karbelaS-

vilebis qarTul galobas. qa-

rTulma galobam da ratilis

gundis koncertebma waruSle-

li kvali datova momaval

lotbarze. mas kargad axsovs

ratilis mier papa grigolisa

da mama-biZebis simRerebis

notebze Cawera. `qarTuli

xoros~ xelmZRvanels maTgan

Cauweria: `zamTari~, `SaSvi-

kakabi~, `brZana soloman~,

`berikaci~, `Tamar qalo~, `fa-

rina~, `CauxteT~, `RmerTo,

mec gadmomxedevi~, `vaJkacsa

colis siave~, ̀ SevsvaT wiTel-

wiTeli~, `Wona~, `alilo~,

`yuri migdeT~, `modi, vnaxoT mixeil kavsaZe

Mikheil Kavsadze

29

venaxi~, `netavi, gogo~, `TeTro

bato~...

rva wlis mixeili goris sasu-

liero saswavlebelSi Seiyvanes,

romelic ramdenime wlis win Ta-

visma biZam _ sandro kavsaZem

daamTavra. biZa-Zmiswuls Soris

asakobrivi sxvaoba eqvsi weli

iyo da maT TiTqmis erTdrou-

lad mouxdaT moRvaweoba _

mixeili xandaxan kidevac `eji-

breboda~ Tavis saxelovan biZas.

goris saswavlebelSi simReras,

rogorc sandros, simon gogli-

CiZe aswavlida, qarTul gimn-

aziaSi _ zaqaria CxikvaZe da ia

kargareTeli. dasavleT saqarT-

velos simRerebi mixeils fili-

mon qoriZem Seaswavla.

1897 wels mixeil kavsaZem, ilia WavWavaZis daxmarebiT, qar-

Tul TeatrTan Camoayaliba saamxanago gundi, romelmac ori

weli iarseba. amave dros, vano sarajiSvilTan erTad, sandro

kavsaZis gundSi mReroda, Tan mis moadgiled muSaobda.

1900 wels mixeil kavsaZe TxuTmeti wevrisagan Semdgar sa-

kuTar gunds aarsebs. rogorc maSindeli presa aRniSnavda,

sam weliwadSi gundma didi saxeli da siyvaruli moipova.

gundi `qarTul saxalxo koncertebs~ marTavda da `provin-

ciebsac ar iviwyebda~. 1906-1908 wlebSi mixeil kavsaZis gun-

di mTel saqarTveloSi mogzaurobs, koncertebsa da leqcia-

koncertebs marTavs. `cangala da gogonas~ Sesrulebis dros

`glexur cekvas SesaniSnavad asrulebda mixeilis Zma andro,

romelic SemdegSiac ganagrZobda moRvaweobas saxelmwifo

ansamblebSi, xolo meore Zma niko simRerebis damwyebi iyo;

ukanaskneli didxans xelmZRvanelobda gundebs qarTlsa da

mixeil kavsaZe

Mikheil Kavsadze

30

kaxeTSi. igi didxans muSaobda borjomis

kultsaxlis direqtorad da iq arsebul

momReralTa gundis lotbarad. lado ka-

vsaZe SemdgomSi operis artisti gaxda, re-

spublikis saxalxo artisti, ordenosani~

(lado gegeWkori, `qarTuli xalxuri sim-

Reris ostatebi~, 1954).

1909 wlis zafxulSi, ivane javaxiSvilis

miwveviT, zaqaria faliaSvils xovleSi fo-

nografze Cauweria simRerebi Zmebi kavsa-

Zeebis gundis SesrulebiT. TviT ivane da

misi Zma daTac mixeilis gundSi mRerodnen.

im drosve Cauweria faliaSvils `abesalom da eTeris~ `leku-

ric~ (`qarTuli~).

1910 weli oqros xanaa mixeil kavsaZis SemoqmedebaSi. igi

erTdroulad sam gunds aarsebs: muSaTa (40 wevri), glexTa (36

wevri) da mosamsaxureTa (26 wevri). 1911-1914 wlebSi koncer-

tebiT mouvliaT gori, cxinvali, waRveri, WiaTura, borjomi,

saCxere, samtredia, lanCxuTi, xoni, foTi da saqarTvelos

sxva qalaqebi da dabebi.

rogorc cnobilia, 1911 wels sandro kavsaZe samuSaod Wia-

TuraSi gadadis da TbilisSi Tavis gunds Zmiswuls utovebs.

SemorCenilia 1910 wels daarsebuli `tfilisis qarTuli

saamxanago momReral-mgalobelTa gundis~ (50 wevri, qula-

jebsa da glexur samosSi) programa. gundis repertuarSi

samocamde simReraa, romelTa didi nawili (20-ze meti) andro

da mixeil kavsaZeebs CauweriaT.

mixeil kavsaZis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaSi ar yofila pe-

riodi, rom mas gundi ara hyoloda, pedagogiuri saqmianoba

Seewyvita an qarTuli simRera-galobis raobaze, bunebaze,

xasiaTze da Semsruleblobaze statiebi ar gamoeqveynebina.

simRerebs krebda, notebze gadahqonda, presasTan TanamS-

romlobda, rogorc Tavisi gvariT, aseve `xovlelisa~ da sxva

fsevdonimebiT. mixeil kavsaZis gundebi 1929 wlidan yvela

lado kavsaZe

Lado Kavsadze

31

olimpiada-festivalis monawilea.

folkloris saxelmwifo centris arqivSi daculia mixeil

kavsaZis mier dawerili avtobiografia da lado gegeWkoris

xelnaweri monografia _ `mixeil kavsaZe~. avtobiografiaSi

mixeili wers: `simRerebs vaswavlidi rogorc TbilisSi, aseve

raionebSi, vaarsebdi gundebs da bevri xalxi vaziare qarTul

musikas, nametnavad muSebi, rkinigzelebi, tramvaelebi, xel-

osnebi... soflad kidev glexebi: kaspSi, gurjaanSi, mcxeTaSi.

amgvarad me vmuSaobdi 50 weliwadi. miuxedavad imisa, rom xan-

dazmuli var, sakuTar binaze vmuSaob auarebeli masalebis

dagrovebaSi qarTuli musikis Sesaxeb da swavliTac, vinc moi-

survebs, vaswavli yvelas simRerebs da vacnob masalebs...~

xelovnebis damsaxurebeli moRvawe, personaluri pensio-

neri mixeil kavsaZe gardaicvala TbilisSi, 1951 wlis maisSi.

qarTl-kaxuri simRerebis gundi mixeilis meTaurobiT

Group of Kartl-Kakhetian song performers, directed by Mikheil Kavsadze, 1911

32

anzor kavsaZe (1930)

anzor kavsaZe _ sandro kavsaZis

SviliSvili, giguSa kavsaZis ufro-

si vaJi, lotbari, sagundo saqmis

erT-erTi cnobili specialisti.

daibada 1930 wlis 7 agvistos

WiaTuraSi. sandro kavsaZe or

aTeul welze meti WiaTuraSi moR-

vaweobda, amitomac misi vaJebi _

giguSa da daTaSka _ iq daibadnen

da gaizardnen. momRerali ojax-

is Svils dedac kargi momRerali

hyav da _ aleqsandra leJava (Wu-

lias eZaxdnen) mReroda saojaxo

ansamblSi, giguSasTan erTad _

WiaTuris gundSi. simReras dedam

aziara, magram dResac axsovs, babua rogor amRerebda Ta-

vis simRerebs _ `me pawia mercxali var~ da `cis kiduri~.

mogvianebiT anzorma erT-erT am simReraze cekvac dadga

(`cis kidurze~). Svidi wlisas notebi da musikis anbani re-

vaz goginaSvilma Seaswavla, magram male musikas fexburTi

amjobina. Tanac, mSoblebis daSorebis gamo, eqvsi wlisa

kavsaZeebis musikalur ojaxur garemos moswyda da Wia-

TuraSi meore babuasTan izrdeboda. kargi smenis patroni

kargadac mReroda da cotas fortepianozec ukravda. sko-

laSi swavlisas gundic hyavda da, romeli simRerac icoda,

imasac aswavlida. skola 1947 wels daamTavra, niWierTa

aTwledSi notebis ucodinrobis gamo ar miiRes da imave

wels politeqnikur institutSi Caabara. marTalia, es sas-

wavlebeli ar daumTavrebia, magram bevrs umadlis _ wign-

anzor kavsaZe

Anzor Kavsadze

33

Tan damaaxlova da muSaoba maswavlao. geni, jiSi, saojaxo

tradicia mainc musikisken eweoda. musikosi deidas rCeviT,

meore samusiko saswavlebelTan arsebul eqvsTvian kurse-

bze Sevida da... didi Semobruneba mis cxovrebaSi: brwyinva-

led Cabarebuli gamocdebi niWierTa aTwledSi, 1951 wli-

dan konservatoriis sagundo-sadiriJoro fakultetis

warCinebuli studenti, Caikovskisa da stalinis saxelobis

stipendianti, meore kursidan saqarTvelos radios kape-

lis xelmZRvaneli.

1956 wels konservatoria daamTavra da aspiranturaSi odi-

sei dimitriadis klasSi Cairicxa. imxanad kapelis xelmZRva-

nelad ruseTidan ian dumini Camoiyvanes. erTxans kapelaSi

erTad muSaobdnen. erT-erT koncerts mixeil Wiaureli

daswrebia. anzoris namuSevari imdenad moswonebia, uTqvams:

kavsaZe dumins arafriT Camouvardeba, saxelmwifo ansamblSi

kaci ar gvyavs da iq gadaviyvanoTo. didi reJisoris winada-

debiT, 1959 wels ocdaeqvsi wlis axalgazrda saqarTvelos

simRerisa da cekvis saxelmwifo ansamblis mTavari diriJori

xdeba. ansambls xelmZRvanelobda valerian cagareiSvili,

qoreografi jano bagrationi Semdeg rezo xoneliZem Secva-

la. anzor kavsaZis pirovnuli Tvisebebi _ Sromismoyvareo-

ba, disciplina, drois SegrZneba da maRali profesionalizmi

_ male daetyo ansambls da 1957 wels qarTuli kulturis

dekadaze damsaxurebuli warmateba moipova.

anzor kavsaZe qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da cekvis an-

sambls ori aTeuli weli xelmZRvanelobda da es Tanamdebo-

ba 1975 wels sakuTari surviliT datova (Tavisi biZaSvilis,

kaxi kavsaZis TqmiT, ukompromiso kacia). misi xelmZRvanelo-

bis dros saxelmwifo ansamblSi mRerodnen xalxuri simReris

didostatebi: vano mWedliSvili, Salva kovziriZe, hamlet

gonaSvili, ilia zaqaiZe, rostom saginaSvili, jemal cxve-

diani... SesaniSnavi mokrimanWuleebi _ zinaida bersenaZe da

miSa SaviSvili.

saxelmwifo ansamblTan erTad 24 qveyanaSi yofila, sab-

34

sa

qa

rT

ve

lo

s s

im

Re

ri

sa

da

ce

kv

is

sa

xe

lm

wi

fo

an

sa

mb

li

, 1

95

9

Sta

te E

nsem

ble

of

Fo

lk S

on

g a

nd

Dan

ce o

f G

eo

rgia

, 1959

35

WoTa kavSiris qalaqebSi weliwadSi 100-mde koncerts ata-

rebda.

raoden dasanania, rom rogorc TavisTavze, aseve sxvebze

arafers ambobs. amdenis mnaxvelma, amdenis mcodnem ori cno-

bili momRerali Zunwad daaxasiaTa. moswonda ilia zaqaiZis

farTo diapazonisa da hamlet gonaSvilis Taviseburi la-

mazi tembris xmebi. swored anzoris xelmZRvanelobis dros

ilia zaqaiZisa da rostom saginaSvilis namReri `Cakrulo~

gauSves galaqtikaSi.

anzor kavsaZe TxuTmeti weli xelmZRvanelobda gurjaa-

nis saraiono kulturis saxlTan arsebul ansambls, Tvrame-

ti weli _ zugdidis simRerisa da cekvis ansambls, romel-

sac garkveuli wlebi saxelmwifo ansamblis statusi hqonda.

zugdidSi muSaoba 90-ian wlebamde gaagrZela. anzor kavsaZem

sakmaod adre daaneba salotbaro moRvaweobas Tavi da zug-

didis Semdeg ansambli ara hyolia. Tavad sajarod iSviaTad

mReris. aqvs damuSavebuli da sakuTari simRerebi. roca qa-

liSvili SeeZina, `iama gSoba SobiTa~ miuZRvna. filmi `uka-

naskneli jvarosnebi~ musikalurad misi gaformebulia da

duetebSic Tavad mReris.

kavsaZeebis gvaris Rirseuli STamomavali, saqarTvelos

xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe, saqarTvelos saxalxo

artisti, profesori anzor kavsaZe umetes dros mSobliur

kacxSi atarebs. usmens xalxur musikas da uxaria, rom qarT-

veli axalgazrdoba dainteresebulia xalxuri simReriT, be-

vri Cinebuli profesionali gvyavs da xalxuri xelovnebis

momavali saimedo xelSia.

da bolos: yvela kuTxis simRera uyvars, magram gansakuT-

rebiT pativs scems qarTl-kaxursa da svanurs.

36

Georgian folk polyphonic song has passed a long way of development and perfection. During centuries a great treasure has been accumulated. The ep-och of detection and popularization of great singers, song conductors, chant-ers, and singing families, has arrived at the verge of the XIX-XX centuries, when there started the process of their recording and fixing as well as of their performing on the stage. Unfortunately, there have not been preserved any materials of the activities and repertoire of the first groups of singers. Since Lado Agniashvili and Ioseb Ratil’s ”Georgian Choir” (their first concert was held in 1886) this mission was carried on by Sandro Kavsadze’s ”Georgian group” and their popularity was none the less then that of the former group.

The early representatives of the family of Kavsadzes, their previous genera-tions, can be observed only since Grogol Kavsadze. He appeared to live in the village of Khovle, and was a priest as well as a good singer and chanter. He had a numerous family. From Grigol’s children, brothers Sandro and Longinoz and their progeny continued the singing and chanting tradition.

Representatives of the singing family of Kavsadzes: Sandro, Gigusha, Datashka, Mikheil, Niko and Anzor Kavsadzes, have left their own handwriting in the history of performance of the Georgian folk songs.

SANDRO KAVSADZE (1874-1939)

At the beginnings of the scenic performance of folk songs in Georgia there stands the figure of Sandro Kavsadze. He has played a greatest role in the af-fair of popularization of Kartl-Kakhetian songs.

“The flawless mastership of Sandro Kavsadze as that of a performer-solo-ist, his colourful voice of rare beauty and wide diapason (tenor) and unusual, original interpretation of the Kartlian way of singing all ravish the listeners, and “Urmuli” and “Mtao, gadmishvi”, sung by him, remain as model examples till the very present date“ /Anzor Erkomaishvili/.

Sandro Kavsadze was born in 1874. His father taught him to sing, and in singing and chanting he acquired mastership under the guidance of Simon Go-glichidze in Gori Seminary. He appointed Sandro to be his deputy in the group. In the same group Soso Jugashvili (Ioseb Stalin) used to master singing and chanting. Sandro Kavsadze in the ages of 15 and 17 served already as song conductor and attracted the attention of listeners with his excellent voice. In the same period he was invited to be a soloist of Lado Agniashvili’s group.

In 1893 Sandro Kavsadze formed “Georgian group” in Gori, and in 1896, the

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same in Tbilisi, in 1897, in Poti and started giving concerts all over Georgia. In 1911 Sandro Kavsadze yielded his group to his nephew, Mikheil Ka-

vsadze, who had just returned from Moscow, and he went himself to work and to create groups in the West of Georgia. He formed groups of Georgian folk singing in Chiatura, Tkibuli, Zestaponi, Sachkhere and Kutaisi, lead pedagogi-cal activities.

In 1930 the 30th jubilee Sando Kavsadze’s of work was celebrated and he was awarded the honour of the Merited Art Figure.

In 1935 Sandro Kavsadze was transferred to Tbilisi and was commissioned to create and prepare the ethnographic group of the East of Georgia for the first decade of the Georgian art in Moscow. Sandro Kavsadze coped well with this task.

In 1937, after the decade celebration, in Kremlin, in the Giorgievski Hall, there was held the meeting between the members of Political Bureau and the participants of the decade. According to the scenario, Stalin was the last to enter. As soon as he entered, ‘hurrah’ was sounded. Stalin lifted up his hand, made them all silent and looked around - he search for someone with his eyes. The people became anxious, they didn’t know what to do... At last, Stalin asked in a low voice: ‘Is Sandro here?’ Everyone breathed out with a relief. There has formed a live corridor: in one end Stalin was standing and in the other end, Sandro, and they were staring at each other. The first step was made by Stalin, Sandro stepped forward as well, they met in the middle and embraced each other. “You have not been changed”, told him Stalin and gave him a pat on his shoulder. Sandro repeated the same gesture. The Leader repeated once again: “Indeed you are not changed”... Then they talked over something quietly; Stalin presumably told his friend: “You know, I am a great person and I can do a lot. Ask me if you need something.”

“Present to me the pipe that you smoke with,” asked Sandro without think-ing too long. To tell it in short, the pipe presented by Stalin is still kept in the family of Kakhi Kavsadze, the famous actor, a grandson to Sandro.

After the decade celebration Sandro Kavsadze got ill and was hospitalized in the Kremlin Hospital, his throat was aching. He has received a letter from Stalin. On the envelope there was written in Russian: “To comrade Alexandre Kavsadze, from Stalin.” And inside the letter was written in Georgian: “Cheers to Sandro! I happened to learn from Egnatashvili that you are in the Kremlin Hospital. This is bad, but doctors say about you that you will get better soon. If you need anything, please, tell me, I am ready for all kinds of help, do live for a thousand years. Your Soso. 1937.”

After the decade Sandro Kavsadze’s group was invited for a tour in Lenin-grad (now St. Petersburg in RF). Because of the grave illness of the father, the group was already lead by his son, Davit Kavsadze.

Sandro Kavsadze died in Tbilisi, on 12th June 1939. He was buried on the Vake Cemetery, in the Pantheon of Georgian Outstanding Figures.

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DAVIT (DATASHKA) KAVSADZE (1907 - 1952)

Datashka Kavsadze’s concise biography was first published in 1966, and that even without the dates of his birth and demise. In this article the walk of his life was ended with his mobilization to the Second World War and his death in 1941 in Kerch. The truth is that Datashka Kavsadze lived until the age of 45 and died in 1952 in exile. His real biography is for the first time being written now, in 2007.

Davit Kavsadze was born in 1907 in Chiatura. Since 14 years of age he used to serve as song conductor for various groups of the West of Georgia. In 1929 he entered the second musical school of Tbilisi. In three years time he assimilated the whole course and became a student of the Faculty of Composi-tion at the Conservatoire. Since his third year at the Conservatoire he changed his faculty for Conducting.

Since 1929 the brothers: Gigusha and Datashka Kavsadzes were the lead-ing voices of Sandro Kavsadze’s group. In song conducting, too, especially Datashka achieved mastership since his student years: he was always assist-ing his father and was his deputy in the ethnographic group.

In 1937-1939 the State Ethnographic Group of the East of Georgia has toured the cities of the Soviet Union with triumph under Davit Kavsadze’s lead-ership. In Moscow and Leningrad more than 22 songs were recorded on the film. In 1939 ethnographic groups of the East and West of Georgia got united and Datashka Kavsadze was appointed as the artistic director, together with Kirile Pachkoria.

In 1941 Datashka, who was 34, was called up to the Second World War and “he has not returned alive from there...” So ends Datashka Kavsadze’s official biography of the Soviet times. But so begins also the story which was concealed and tabooed for a long time.

From the story recited by his son, Kakhi Kavsadze: “Captive officers were executed by shooting immediately on the spot by the Germans. Datashka was searched and a photograph was found: his wife and two small boys: me and my brother. A German officer stared at the photo and then at Datashka and said: ‘With such looks and such a wife and children, you cannot be a communist.’ Thus Datashka was saved then from the evident peril. We didn’t know of his captivity for a long time: we thought he was dead. Only a long afterwards we learned that he was in France, he had created a group from the Georgian captives and used to teach Georgian folk songs. Some-how the photo of the group has reached Georgia and now this photo is kept in our family. I have met a lot of people saved by my father. One Georgian man told me in Australia: ‘I told your father I had never sung in my life. Go then, go, save yourself, came the answer.’ So he has saved a lot of people from death. Whoever returned to the homeland, everyone was arrested and exiled...”

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Is the repertoire of the group of the captives recorded, is it preserved or it has vanished? It is difficult to answer. May be it is kept in any of the archives in France. This is the subject of future investigations...

In December 1945 the group of captives should go to America for touring. Instead of this Datashka went back to Moscow. He was told he would be ar-rested. He wondered what his crime was, why he should be arrested. He had not seen his wife and children for four years so he went to Tbilisi, but was ar-rested in Sochi...

His wife and children saw Datashka twice in the prison, and at their third visit they were told that he was brought to exile. Tamar Tsagareishvili, his wife, said at once that it was all ended and he would never come back...

Datashka Kavsadze died in 1952 in exile, or may be he was executed?! His grave is unknown.

In 2007 it is the 100th anniversary since Datashka’s birth. It is exactly to his warm memory, that this edition is devoted.

MIKHEIL KAVSADZE (1880 - 1951)

Longinoz Kavsadze’s eldest son, together with his sisters and brothers (An-dro, Niko, Lado, Vera) used to listen to the songs and chants in the family ever since his childhood. It was from here that he assimilated them and grew fond of them and served them until the end. The Georgian chants and concerts of Ratil’s group, which he heard in his childhood, have left an inerasable trace on the future song conductor. He remembers well how Ratil used to write in music scores the songs of Grandpa Grigol and Mikheil’s father and uncles.

There has not been such a period in Mikheil Kavsadze’s life and deeds that he wouldn’t have a group of singers or that he would have ceased his peda-gogical activities. Also permanently he used to publish articles on the essence of the Georgian songs and chants, their nature, character and performability. He used to collect songs, transform them in music scores, used to collaborate with press as well. Mikheil Kavsadze’s groups are all participants of all festivals since 1929.

This merited art figure, Mikheil Kavsadze died in Tbilisi in May 1951.

ANZOR KAVSADZE (1930)

Anzor Kavsadze, a grandchild to Sando Kavsadze, the eldest son of Giorgi (Gigusha) Kavsadze, song conductor, one of the famous specialists of the cho-ro song, was born on 7th August, 1930 in Chiatura. To this descendent of the singing family, the mother was also a good singer: Alexandra Lezhava; it was her who first gave him communion to the song, but he still remembers how his

40

grandpa Sandro made him sing his songs. Anzor had good ears for music, he used to sing well and played a little the piano, too.

During his school years he had a group and used to teach them the songs which he knew. He graduated from the school in 1947 and in the same year continued his studies in the Technical University. Genes and family tradition used to draw him back to music still: in 1951 he was admitted to the group singing and conducting faculty at the Tbilisi State Conservatoire, from which he has graduated with honours. In 1951 he used to be a postgraduate student in Odyssey Dimitriadi’s class. In 1959 the twenty-six year old young man became the chief conductor of the State Ensemble of Song and Dance of Georgia and he lead it during two decades. Anzor Kavsadze’s personal features: industri-ousness, discipline, sense of time and high professionalism soon made their impact on the Ensemble and they have won much success together. Together with the State Ensemble he toured in 24 countries of the world. In the cities of the Soviet Union he used to hold up to 100 concerts per year. It was under Anzor’s leadership that the song performed by the soloists: Ilia Zakaidze and Rostom Saginashvili, “Chakrulo”, was released into the galaxy (on board of “Pioneer”) together with other outstanding achievements of the global civiliza-tion.

This worthy heir of the singing family of Kavsadzes, the merited figure of the Georgian art, Public Artist of Georgia, Professor Anzor Kavsadze spends most of his time in his home place in Katskhi. He listens to the folk music and is very happy that the Georgian youth is interested in the folk songs and that we have a lot of brilliant professionals and thus the future of the folk art is in faithful hands.

saqarTvelos simRerisa da cekvis saxelmwifo ansambli, 1939

State Ensemble of Folk Song and Dance of Georgia, 1939