DADSS SAE Government/Industry Meeting Behavior Modification Studies 01-26-11

7/31/2019 DADSS SAE Government/Industry Meeting Behavior Modification Studies 01-26-11

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dadss-sae-governmentindustry-meeting-behavior-modification-studies-01-26-11 1/35

WWW.DADSS.ORG

SAE Government/Industry Meeting

Behavior Modification StudiesJanuary 26, 2011

Washington, DC

Susan Ferguson PhD

ACTS

Driver Alcohol DetectionSystem for Safety

DADSS



WWW.DADSS.ORG

2

Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety

COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety♦ The Automotive Coalition for Traffic Safety and NHTSA entered into

a cooperative agreement in February 2008 to “explore the feasibility,the potential benefits of, and the public policy challenges associated

with a more widespread use of unobtrusive technology to prevent drunk driving”

♦ Goal is to develop non-invasive, seamless technologies to measuredriver BAC and reduce the incidence of drunk driving

♦ Systems need to measure alcohol accurately, precisely, reliably, andin a very short time so the sober driver is not inconvenienced

♦ Five-year program to develop and test prototypes that may beconsidered for vehicle integration thereafter

♦ Devices intended to prevent alcohol impaired drivers (BAC ≥ 0.08)from driving their vehicles

3



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Participating Manufacturers

4



WWW.DADSS.ORG

DADSS Blue Ribbon Panel

♦ BRP appointed by ACTS and works in an advisory capacity

♦ Comprised of experts from various disciplines, including

Auto manufacturers

Suppliers

Alcohol toxicology

Impairment

Ignition interlocks Human factors

♦ BRP assigned working groups to assist in effort

Technical Working Group Public Acceptance and Public Policy Working Group

Research scientists MADD

IIHS

NHTSA

Foreign governments



WWW.DADSS.ORG

6

2008 2009 2010 2013

Phase IFunding

Phase IIFunding

Perform InteriorMockup Testing

Develop DADSSResearch Vehicle

Implement DADSSSubsystem(s) in Vehicle

Interior Mockup

Perform DADSS

Research VehicleTesting

Phase II SubsystemDevelopment

HumanSubjects

Tests

HumanSubjects

Tests

Interior

MockupTests

VehicleTests

PerformTechnology

Verification

PerformPrototype(s)Lab Testing

DevelopDADSS

SubsystemPrototype(s)

BenchTests

Phase I

PrototypeDevelopment

HumanSubjects

Tests

DADSS Program Process

Q3Q2

Patents andLiterature

Review

PerformanceSpecifications

Request forProposals

Assess

Current Stateof Technology

Request forInformation



WWW.DADSS.ORG

7


PROGRAM TIMELINE



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Program Timeline

2008 – H1 2008 – H2

CRASigned

RFIReleased

PMPApproved

PS Draft7Released

RFPReleased

RFIResponses

Task 3Report

RFI Evaluationand on-site

visits

2009 – H1 2009 – H2

OfferorsPresentations

RFPResponses

RFPEvaluation

Task 4Report

Phase IAwards

SCDDevelopment

PS Draft8Released

8



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Program Timeline

9

2010– H1 2010 – H2

Phase IBreathSCD

Phase ITouch

SCD

ResearchVehicle

IntegrationRequirements

Phase IIRFP

PrototypesEvaluation

HumanSubjects

Test Protocol



WWW.DADSS.ORG

10


UNDERSTANDING ALCOHOL ABSORPTIONAND ELIMINATION



WWW.DADSS.ORG

11

Stomach

Intestines

Liver Heart

Lungs

CapillaryBed

Tissue and OrgansSweat/Vapor

Waste

ArterialBAC

Inferior Vena Cava

Hepatic Artery

VenousBAC

A r t e r i a l B l o o

d

V e n o u s

B l o o d

Breath AlcoholConcentration

Transdermal AlcoholConcentration

Tissue AlcoholConcentration

UrineAlcohol

Conc.

AbsorptionAlcohol and Elimination

Portal Vein



WWW.DADSS.ORG

12


OVERVIEW OF PHASE I TECHNOLOGIESBEING FUNDED FOR DEVELOPMENT



WWW.DADSS.ORG

% T r a n s m i t t a n c e

3 3.5 4 5 6 7 8 1510 209.4

% T r a n s m i t t a n c e

3 3.5 4 5 6 7 8 1510 209.4

DADSS TechnologiesDistant Spectrometry

♦ Breath-based system♦ Close correlation between BrAC

and arterial BAC♦ Extensive real world experience

Tissue Spectrometry

♦ Touch-based system♦ Extensive human subjects testing

done♦ BAC measurements closer to

capillary (arterial) blood than to breath

Visible Near Infrared

TruTouch

AFRICANAMERICAN

CAUCASIAN

Visible Near Infrared

TruTouch

AFRICANAMERICAN

CAUCASIAN

13



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Autoliv Phase I Prototype

BreathingCup

PumpFilter

L=6.25 in.W=3.25 in.H=3.75 in.

Emitter

SensorsSample

InletOpticalModule

ReflectingMirrors

♦ Autoliv prototype uses Alcohol (ethanol) and carbon dioxide

measured by Infrared spectroscopy sensor

• Carbon dioxide allows measurement ofbreath dilution• Unobtrusive “sniffer” to detect alcohol in

the vehicle

Multiple sensors in-vehicle (steering wheel,A-Pillar, etc..)

♦ To obtain necessary accuracy andresolution Driver may have to deliver a forced

expiration towards the sensor Would be needed in less than 1

percent of cases to ascertainwhether above or below legal limit



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Autoliv In-Vehicle Sensing♦ In-vehicle expired breath aerodynamics

Estimate carbon dioxide levels at variouspositions

Ventilation on and off

Windows opened or closed

Door closing

<5 sec after door closure for sensors onsteering wheel

In-Vehicle Signal Pattern

Door closing

<5 sec after door closure for sensors on

steering wheel

In-Vehicle Signal Pattern

Door1

closing

Door1

opening

Vehicle

unlocking

OFF STDBY ZERO ACTIVE

VEHICLE DISABLED

VEHICLE DISABLED

VEHICLE ENABLED

STDBY

CO2

EtOH

5 sec

”YELLOW ZONE”

TIME



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Alcohol Countermeasure Systems♦ ACS prototype uses mid infrared

detection methodology Broadly tunable Daylight Solution’s

External Cavity Quantum CascadeLaser (ECqcL™)

♦ ECqcL™ Ability to capture entire ethanol

spectrum Allows detection of interferents♦ Carbon dioxide allows

measurement of breath dilutionMeasurement Conditions

100 sweeps10 sec. acquisition time



WWW.DADSS.ORG

TruTouch Technologies♦ TruTouch uses near infrared to

measure tissue alcoholconcentration (TAC) in the Dermis

♦

Outside of index finger used Palmar side of fingers will beused in Phase II

17

stratum corneumstratum corneum

epidermisepidermis

dermisdermis

subcutaneoussubcutaneous

LightSource

OpticalTouchpad

Interferometer

Engine

ProcessingElectronics



WWW.DADSS.ORG

18


PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS AND

STANDARD CALIBRATION DEVICES



WWW.DADSS.ORG

DADSS Phase I Requirements♦ Phase I POP Prototypes evaluated against the following performance

specifications: Measure from 0.01% to 0.12% BAC Measurement time = 325 milliseconds Accuracy and Precision

• 0.07%-0.09% BAC ±0.0003% BAC• Requires Standard Calibration Devices (SCD)

– Breath-based systems

– Tissue-based systems

DADSS PerformanceSpecifications DRAFT08

available athttp://www.dadss.org

High accuracy butlow precision

High precision butlow accuracy

% BACDADSS

AccuracyEvidentialAccuracy

DADSSPrecision

EvidentialPrecision

0.010 - 0.050 0.0010 0.0050 0.0010 0.0042

0.050 - 0.070 0.0007 0.0050 0.0007 0.0042

0.070 - 0.090 0.0003 0.0050 0.0003 0.0042

Greater than 0.090 0.0010 0.0050 0.0010 0.0042

More accurate calibration source required for DADSS program



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Standard Calibration Devices (SCD)Objective

♦ Assess and document the accuracyand precision of the Phase I Proof-

of-Principal (PoP) prototypesApproach

♦ Provide sample sources of “breath”or “tissue” (SCD) to PoP sensor

Known and consistent alcoholcontent

Challenge

♦ Develop process to assure theSCD performance

Delivers targeted samples to PoPsensor

Has to exceed accuracy andprecision requirements

20

Wet GasBreathAlcohol

Simulator Dry Gas±0.5 ppm

(±0.0002%BAC)

Tissue SCD Delivery System

Tissue SCD



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Wet Gas Breath Simulator

21

3 0 0 0 p p m E

t O H

A n d N 2 M i x

Humidifier100% RH

PressureVessel

Hygrometerto measure

humidity

Vacuum Pump

34°°°°C

EnvironmentalChamber Temp.

controlled at 45°°°°C

MFC 1MFC 2

6 % C O 2

/ 1 6 % O 2 /

7 8 % N 2

Gas Blender

♦ Models human breath volume

and pressure profile♦ Uses pressurized vessel with

humidified gases♦ Adjustable level of humidity

(80-100% RH)♦

Adjustable alcoholconcentration (gas blender)

♦ Process heated to preventcondensation

♦ Ethanol introduced post

humidification♦ Ability to meet DADSS

Specification

5 L

1 . 5 s e

c



WWW.DADSS.ORG

SCD – Tissue-Based Systems♦ Electromechanical fluidic system

to introduce samples to sensor

♦ Mimic average optical scatteringproperties of human skin Incorporates NIR “reflective”

polymer beads (microspheres) Simulates collagen in tissue (in-

vitro scattering samples)

♦ Varied over range ofconcentrations

♦ Potential to meet DADSS Specs

22

CompoundName

Base Reagent Reagent Function

AlbuminBovine Serum

AlbuminSimulator of blood density

Creatinine Creatinine Component within blood

Ethanol200 proof HPLC

Grade-

SalinePhosphate Buffered

SalineAdds salt and adjusts pH

Triton Triton X-100Prevent microspheres

from clumping

Urea Urea Components within bloodWater ACS Reagent Water Mixing agent

MicrospheresSimulate collagen NIR

reflectance and scattering

4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500

-8

-7.5

-7

-6.5

-6

-5.5

-5

-

2% Bead Solution

Human Finger

(μm) 2.22 2 .00 1.8 1 1 .6 6 1.53 1 .4 1.33 1 .258000

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Bead Solution Compared to Finger Spectra

P s e u d o - A b s o r b a n c

e

(cm-1)

4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500

-8

-7.5

-7

-6.5

-6

-5.5

-5

-

2% Bead Solution

Human Finger

(μm) 2 .2 2 2.00 1 .8 1 1.66 1 .5 3 1 .4 1.3 3 1.258000

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Bead Solution Compared to Finger Spectra

P s e u d o - A b s o r b a

n c e

(cm-1)



WWW.DADSS.ORG

23

DADSS Program Review

POP PROTOTYPES BENCH TESTSEVALUATION



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Bench Test Evaluations♦ Bench Test Objectives

Independent evaluations of delivered PoP Prototypes

Measurement of system performance based upon• Time to present alcohol reading

• Accuracy of reading

• Precision of reading

Bench Test Protocols developed for• Breath based

• Tissue based

24



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Touch-Based Bench Test Results♦ At 0.08 %BAC prototype exceeded DADSS accuracy at

the longer measurement times

♦ At shorter measurement times estimated accuracysomewhat higher than specifications

♦ Precision estimates fell short of the DADSSspecifications at all sampling periods

♦ Represents significant progress compared withspecifications for existing evidential breath-test devices

Meas.Time

TruTouchAccuracy

DADSSAccuracy

TruTouch

Precision

DADSSPrecision

60s 0.0001 0.0003 0.0011 0.0003

30s 0.0001 0.0003 0.0016 0.0003

15s 0.0005 0.0003 0.0021 0.0003

5s 0.0013 0.0003 0.0043 0.0003



WWW.DADSS.ORG

TruTouch Bench Test Results at 0.080 % BAC

26

0.0001

0.0011

0.0001

0.0016

0.0005

0.0021

0.0013

0.0043

0.0000

0.0010

0.0020

0.0030

0.0040

0.0050

0.0060

E t h a n o l c o n c e n

t r a t i o n ( % B

A C )

60 sec. 30 sec. 15 sec. 5 sec.

SD


SE

DADSS SE & SD =

0.0003 % BAC

0.0001

0.0011

0.0001

0.0016

0.0005

0.0021

0.0013

0.0043

0.0000

0.0010

0.0020

0.0030

0.0040

0.0050

0.0060

E t h a n o l c o n c e

n t r a t i o n ( % B

A C )


SD


SE

DADSS SE & SD =

0.0003 % BAC

Evidential SE =

0.0050 % BAC

Evidential SD =

0.0042 % BAC

Accuracy Precision



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Autoliv Bench Test Results♦ Measurement time of 5 seconds used in all tests

Dry gas released for 10 Seconds

Data collected for 5 Seconds

♦ Source directly connected to sensor with ¼”length tube

♦ Accuracy estimates were close to or below theDADSS specifications

♦ Precision estimates exceeded the specifications,but were still lower (better) than evidentialstandards

Concentration

(%BrAC)

Autoliv

Accuracy

DADSS

Accuracy

Autoliv

Precision

DADSS

Precision

0.02 0.0002 0.0003 0.0017 0.0003

0.08 0.0004 0.0003 0.0022 0.0003

0.12 0.0000 0.0003 0.0027 0.0003



WWW.DADSS.ORG

0.00020.0004

0.0000

0.0017

0.0022

0.0027

0.0000

0.0010

0.0020

0.0030

0.0040

0.0050

0.0060

0.020 % BrAC 0.080 % BrAC 0.120 % BrAC

E t h a n o l C o n c e n t r a t i o n ( %

B r A C )

Accuracy

Precision

DADSS SE & SD =

0.0003 % BAC

Autoliv Direct Dry Gas Bench Test Results

28

Evidential SE =

0.0050 % BAC

Evidential SD =

0.0042 % BAC



WWW.DADSS.ORG

ACS Bench Test Results♦ Results of ACS prototype yielded ambiguous results

Prototype sensor, hardware, and software extremely

cumbersome to work with More difficult and time consuming to operate so very few

tests completed with high variability

♦ Prototype failed to meet the DADSS specifications for

accuracy and precision at all BrAC concentrations Was not able to meet the current evidential standards

29



WWW.DADSS.ORG

0.0045

0.0719

0.0676

0.0085

0.0193

0.0573

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

0.060

0.070

0.080

0.090

0.100

0.020 % BrAC 0.080 % BrAC 0.12 % BrAC

E t h a n o l c o n c e

n t r a t i o n ( % B

r A C )

Accuracy

Precision

0.0045

0.0719

0.0676

0.0085

0.0193

0.0573

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

0.060

0.070

0.080

0.090

0.100

0.020 % BrAC 0.080 % BrAC 0.12 % BrAC

E t h a n o l c o n c

e n t r a t i o n ( % B

r A C )

Accuracy

Precision

ACS Bench Test Results

30

Evidential SE =

0.0050 % BAC

Evidential SD =

0.0042 % BAC



WWW.DADSS.ORG

31

DADSS Program Review

HUMAN SUBJECT TESTS



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Human Subject Testing♦ Subjects dosed to reach a BAC of 0.12 g/dL♦ Test procedures

Blood is drawn at a rate of 1 ml/min

Samples taken every 2.5 minutes♦ Every 5 minutes subjects provide

Evidential breath sample Short puff of breath into Autoliv Prototype

Presses finger on touch pad of TruTouch prototype

32

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180

0.200

0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 6:30 7:00

A l c o h o l c o n c e n t r a t i o n ( g m % )

Elapsed time (h:mm)

DADSS Phase I Human Subject Test 5(ASQ009) August 26, 2010

TruTouch (BAC)

Evidenzer (BrAC)

Autoliv R2 (BrAC)

Whole Blood (BAC)

Dosing

Blood Clot

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180

0.200

0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 6:30 7:00


Elapsed time (h:mm)

DADSS Phase I Human Subject Test 5(ASQ009) August 26, 2010

TruTouch (BAC)

Evidenzer (BrAC)

Autoliv R2 (BrAC)

Whole Blood (BAC)

Dosing

Blood Clot

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180

0.200

0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 6:30 7:00


Elapsed time (h:mm)

DADSS Phase I Human Subject Test 11(ASQ-016) N ovember 04, 2010

TruTouch (BAC)

Evidenzer (BrAC)

Autoliv R2 (BrAC)

Whole Blood (BAC)

Dosing

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180

0.200

0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 6:30 7:00

A l c o h o l c o n c e n

t r a t i o n ( g m % )

Elapsed time (h:mm)

DADSS Phase I Human Subject Test 11(ASQ-016) N ovember 04, 2010

TruTouch (BAC)

Evidenzer (BrAC)

Autoliv R2 (BrAC)

Whole Blood (BAC)

Dosing



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Summary

♦ DADSS technologies have been identified, contracts awarded, andprototypes have completed bench and human subjects testing

♦ Preliminary phase I results indicate there are technologies showingsufficient promise to meet DADSS Performance Specifications withrespect to measurement time, accuracy, and precision

♦ Technology developers have identified the work needed to meet the

DADSS requirements (gap analysis)♦ A public acceptance research plan has been developed and is

underway – the public must be knowledgeable about the system andsee its benefit in their vehicles

♦ Dialogue continues with policy makers and other key stakeholdersto ensure their support

33

WWW DADSS ORG



WWW.DADSS.ORG

Next Steps

34

2011– H1 2011 – H2

AwardeesSelection

RFPEvaluation

Phase II Kick-Off-Meetings

Begin ResearchVehicle

Development

Phase IIRFP

On-Site ProgressReport

On-Site ProgressReport

WWW DADSS ORG



WWW.DADSS.ORG

35


QUESTIONS?

http://www.dadss.org

Contact Information

Bud Zaouk

[email protected]

Documents

DADSS SAE Government/Industry Meeting Behavior Modification Studies 01-26-11