41

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1 In: Sulistia Gan Gunawan (eds.) Farmakologi dan Terapi, 5th ed. Jakarta:

FK Universitas Indonesia; 2008. p230-246

2 Toms L, McQuay HJ, Derry S, Moore RA. Single Dose Oral Paracetamol

(Acetaminophen) For Postoperative Pain in Adults. The Cochrane

Collaboration. 20012;(6)

3 Adnan Asaad Abu omar, Khaled Awwad Al issa. Intravenous

paracetamol (Prefalgan) for analgesia after cesarean section. Rawal

Medical Journal.2011;36(4)

4 J. A. Alhashemi and M. F. Daghistani. Effects of intraoperative i.v

acetaminophen vs i.m meperidine on post-tonsillectomy pain in children.

British Journal of Anaesthesia.2006;(6)

5 Heirmayani. Toksikopatologi Hati Mencit Pada Pemberian Parasetamol.

IPB. 2007

6 Paramita, P. Kadar Serum Aspartat Aminotransferase dan Alanin

Aminotransferase Pada Tikus Wistar Setelah Pemberian Asetaminofen

Per Oral Dalam Berbagai Dosis. Semarang: UNDIP. 2007

7 Moynihan, R. FDA fails to reduce accessibility of paracetamol despite

450 deaths a year. BMJ; 2002. p325-678

8 Siker BPOM. Data keracunan parasetamol di Indonesia tahun 2002-

2005.BPOM. 2006

9 Soenarjo (eds.). Anestesiologi. Semarang: IDSAI Cabang Jawa Tengah.

2002; p295-309

42

10 Sherlock, S. Penyakit Hati dan Sistem Saluran Empedu. Jakarta: Widya

Medika. 1995;p145-167

11 Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia

[internet]. [cited 2013 februari 9]. Available from:

http://bahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/index.php Susilaningsih,

12 Boulton, T.B. Anestesiologi, Edisi 10. Jakarta: EGC. 2004;p120-122

13 Latief, S.A. et al. Petunjuk Praktis Anestesiologi. Jakarta: Bag.

Anestesiologi dan Terapi intensif FK UI. 2002;p86-90

14 Katzung, B.G. Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinik. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.

2004;p479-489

15 Dorland. Kamus Kedokteran Dorland. Jakarta: EGC. 2008;p.(n)

16 Price, S.A et al. Patofisiologi vol. 1. Jakarta: EGC. 2005;p457-515

17 Bagian Anatomi. Situs Abdominis. Semarang: Bagian Anatomi, Fakultas

Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro

18 Leeson S.T. et al. Buku Ajar Histologi. Jakarta: EGC. 2003

19 Neni. Lecture Notes Histologi 2. Semarang: Bagian Histologi Fakultas

Kedokteran UNDIP. 2010

20 Aru W dkk. Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid 1 Edisi V. Jakarta:

InternaPublishing. 2009;p640-688

21 Marshall, W. Alanine Aminotranferase (Serum, Plasma). The Association

for Clinical Biochemistry. 2012

22 Guyton and Hall. Textbook Of Medical Physiology. Jakarta:EGC.1997;

23 Girindra A. Patologi Klinik. Bogor:IPB. 1986

43

24 Frank C. Toksikologi Dasar, Edisi 2. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FK UI.

1995;p111-113

25 Julita, I. Aspek Farmakokinetik Klinik Beberapa Obat Berpotensi

Hepatotoksik Pada Pasien Rawat Inap di Bangsal Paru RSUP Dr. M.

Djamil Padang.2011

26 World Health Organization (WHO). General Guidelines for

Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine.

Geneva: WHO. 2000

27 Laurence, D.R. et al. Evaluation of Drug Activities. London: Academic

Press.1964

28 LeeWM, Ostapowicz G. Acetaminophen : Pathology and

clinicalpresentations of hepatotoxicity. In: Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD,

editors. DrugInduced Liver Injury. Informa Healthcare USA, 2007

29 Nelson SD, Bruschi SA. Mechanisms of acetaminophen induced

liverdamage. In: Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, editors. Drug Induced Liver

Injury.Informa Healthcare USA, 2007

30 MedlinePlus [internet]. United State: SGPT/ALT; 2011 [update 2013 Feb

2; cited 2013 Jul 31]. Available from: http://www.webmd.com/digestive-

disorders/alanine-aminotransferase-alt?page=2

31 E, Kosasih dan A.S Kosasih. Tafsiran hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium

klinik, Edisi 2. Tangerang: Karishma Publishing Group; 2008;p150-152

LAMPIRAN

44

LAMPIRAN 1. ETHICAL CLEARANCE

LAMPIRAN 2. SURAT IJIN PENELITIAN

45

LAMPIRAN 3. HASIL PENELITIAN

46

Case Processing Summary

Descriptives

pemberian parasetamol Statistic Std. Error

kadar SGPT

KONTROL Mean 67.780 3.1080

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound 59.151

Upper Bound 76.409

5% Trimmed Mean 67.794

Median 68.500

Variance 48.297

Std. Deviation 6.9496

Minimum 59.7

Maximum 75.6

Range 15.9

Interquartile Range 13.7

Skewness -.117 .913

Kurtosis -2.529 2.000

PERLAKUAN 1 Mean 90.540 7.3971

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound 70.002

Upper Bound 111.078

5% Trimmed Mean 90.544

Median 95.700

Variance 273.588

Std. Deviation 16.5405

Minimum 71.5

Maximum 109.5

Range 38.0

Interquartile Range 31.9

pemberian parasetamol

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

kadar SGPT

KONTROL 5 100.0% 0 .0% 5 100.0%

PERLAKUAN 1 5 100.0% 0 .0% 5 100.0%

PERLAKUAN 2 5 100.0% 0 .0% 5 100.0%

47

pemberian parasetamol

PERLAKUAN 2PERLAKUAN 1KONTROL

kad

ar

SG

PT

120.0

100.0

80.0

60.0

11

Skewness -.232 .913

Kurtosis -2.494 2.000

PERLAKUAN 2 Mean 98.560 9.2999

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound 72.739

Upper Bound 124.381

5% Trimmed Mean 99.644

Median 107.700

Variance 432.443

Std. Deviation 20.7953

Minimum 63.2

Maximum 114.4

Range 51.2

Interquartile Range 32.4

Skewness -1.750 .913

Kurtosis 3.053 2.000

Tests of Normality

pemberian parasetamol

Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

kadar SGPT

KONTROL .205 5 .200(*) .922 5 .540

PERLAKUAN 1 .225 5 .200(*) .906 5 .442

PERLAKUAN 2 .270 5 .200(*) .804 5 .087

* This is a lower bound of the true significance. a Lilliefors Significance Correction

48

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

kadar SGPT

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

1.850 2 12 .199

ANOVA

kadar SGPT

Sum of

Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 2549.577 2 1274.789 5.070 .025

Within Groups 3017.312 12 251.443

Total 5566.889 14

Post Hoc Tests Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable: kadar SGPT LSD

(I) pemberian parasetamol

(J) pemberian parasetamol

Mean Difference (I-

J) Std. Error Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound Upper Bound

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Lower Bound

KONTROL PERLAKUAN 1 -22.7600(*) 10.0288 .042 -44.611 -.909

PERLAKUAN 2 -30.7800(*) 10.0288 .010 -52.631 -8.929

PERLAKUAN 1 KONTROL 22.7600(*) 10.0288 .042 .909 44.611

PERLAKUAN 2 -8.0200 10.0288 .439 -29.871 13.831

PERLAKUAN 2 KONTROL 30.7800(*) 10.0288 .010 8.929 52.631

PERLAKUAN 1 8.0200 10.0288 .439 -13.831 29.871

* The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

LAMPIRAN 4. DOKUMENTASI

49

50

51

LAMPIRAN 5. DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP

Identitas

Nama : Indra Kusuma

NIM : G2A009128

Tempat, Tanggal lahir : Rembang, 27 November 1991

Jenis Kelamin : Laki-laki

Alamat : Ds. Soditan RT : 03/ II Lasem Kab. Rembang

Nomor Telepon : (0295) 531306

Nomor HP : 08811080222

e-mail : dr.iin.kusuma@gmail.com

Riwayat Pendidikan Formal

1. SD : MI-ANNASHRIYAH Lulus tahun : 2003

2. SMP : SMP N 1 LASEM Lulus tahun : 2006

3. SMA : SMA N 2 REMBANG Lulus tahun : 2009

4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun : 2009

Keanggotaan Organisasi

1. Ketua Jaringan Mahasiswa Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2011 s/d 2012

2. Wakil Ketua Medical Creative Arts Tahun 2010 s/d 2012

3. Staff Bidang Ekonomi Usaha dan Investasi Tahun 2010 s/d 2011