DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN - UNECE · 2014-03-05 · DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN Jürgen Fleitz General Manager OFITECO Member of the Spanish Committee on Large Dams and Vice

DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT

IN SPAIN

Jürgen Fleitz

General Manager OFITECO

Member of the Spanish Committee on Large Dams and

Vice chairman of ICOLD Technical Committee on Dam Surveillance

REGIONAL COOPERATION MEETING

DAM SAFETY IN CENTRAL ASIA

Almaty, Kazakhstan

November, 20th 2013

DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN

1. Introduction. Water in Spain

2. Large Dams in Spain

3. Dam Safety Legislation

4. Guidelines on Dam Safety

5. Dam Safety Management

6. Conclusions

1. INTRODUCTION . WATER IN SPAIN


Highly irregular rainfall and river flow, both in time and

space.

Temporal variation is not only seasonal but also from year to

year.

Only an 8,3% of the renewable resources is available in

natural regime (9,19 km3/year).

That means that there are only 239 m3/person/year available

in natural regime.

Climate and hydrology


Facts and Data on Water in Spain

Only

70l/day

Humid

Spain

Dry

Spain


Spain has required, since ever, an enormous effort in water resources

planning.

Dams and reservoirs made it possible to increase the natural regulation

of only 8,3% up to 40 % of the water resources.

Facts and Data on Water in Spain

Natural resources Available without

regulation

Available with

regulation Reservoir capacity

112 km3 9,19 km3 46 km3 56 km3







6. Conclusions

2. LARGE DAMS IN SPAIN

Dam construction in Spain has a long history of more than 2000 years,

starting in the Roman period.

Roman dams still

under operation

Proserpina

Cornalbo

3 2 7 3 14

28 16

45 45 43

61

185

215 209

194

164

2 0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

0 - 100 101 -1500

1501 -1600

1601 -1700

1701 -1800

1801 -1900

1901 -1910

1911 -1920

1921 -1930

1931 -1940

1941 -1950

1951 -1960

1961 -1970

1971 -1980

1981 -1990

1991 -2000

2001 -2005

To

tal n

um

be

r o

f d

am

s b

uilt

Nu

mb

er

of

da

ms b

uilt

in

th

e p

erio

d

Year of termination

967 (80%)

dams built in

the period

1950 - 2000



At present there are more than 1200 large dams under

operation:

1/3 aprox. are operated by the government

2/3 operated by private companies under temporal license

Irrigation demand for irrigation: 24,2 billion m3

Water supply demand: 4,3 billion m3

Industrial demand: 1,9 billion m3

Irrigated area: 3,7 million hectares (37.000 km3)

Benefits produced by Spanish Dams: ~ 30 billion €

(= 3% of GDP)







6. Conclusions

3. DAM SAFETY LEGISLATION

1905 Spain adopts the first European standards related with dams:

“Instructions for developing reservoir projects”

1959 Failure of Vega de Tera buttresses dam killing 144 persons in

Ribadelago. This fact promoted:

The constitution of the Commission of Large Dams Regulations

Commitment: To develop new standards for dam projects

The creation of the National Service of Surveillance and Inspection

of Dams

Commitment: To survey safety of dams

1967 The “Instruction for the Project, Construction and Operation

of Large Dams” is adopted.

Legislation on Dam Safety: Historic Development


Tous Dam failure in October 1982

Tous Dam after failure in 1982


1982 The failure by overtopping of Tous Dam originated the starting of a

“Safety Program for Large Dams” that are state owned .

1992 The General Directorate of Hydraulic Works decided to prepare new standards for dam

safety, commending this task to the Commission of Large Dams Regulations.

1995 The “Directive on Civil Protection in the case of flood risk” was published, including

a section dedicated to emergency planning for the risk of failure or malfunctioning

of dams.

1996 The “Technical Regulation on Dams and Reservoirs Safety” was approved,

summarizing the works of the Commission of Large Dams Regulations and integrating the

requirements of the “Directive on Civil Protection in the case of flood risk.”

2008 A Royal Decree came into effect to establish common obligations and responsibilities for

all dam owners. The text mentions that dam safety management should be risk based.

Tous dam failure in 1982 originated a complete review of Dam

Safety regulations:







6. Conclusions

SPANCOLD Technical Guidelines Year of Publication

Dam Safety 2005

Design criteria for dams and complementary works 2002

Geologic-geotechnical aspects and material studies 1999

Design Flow 1997

Spillways and Outlets 1997

Dam Construction and Quality Control 1999

Monitoring of dams and their foundations 2004

Operation and maintenance of dams: Vol. I: Risk

Analysis applied to dam safety management

2012

4. GUIDELINES ON DAM SAFETY

Guideline collection prepared by the Spanish Committee on Large Dams

(SPANCOLD):

http://www.spancold.es/Paginas/lista_publicaciones.asp?Categoria=Guias

Tecnicas

http://www.spancold.es/Paginas/lista_publicaciones.asp?Categoria=GuiasTecnicas





Guideline collection prepared by SPANCOLD


Guidelines by the General Directorate of Water

Spanish Ministry Technical Guidelines Year of Publication

Dam classification according to potential risk 1996

Elaboration of Emergency Action Plans 2001

Operation and Maintenance Draft version

Annual Report Draft version

Safety Review Draft version







6. Conclusions

5. DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Main focus on risk potential in the downstream areas

of dams

Implementation of non-structural measures such as: Real time hydro meteorological information systems

Emergency action plans

Comprehensive Dam Safety Management Programs Detailed review of safety conditions of existing dams

Review and improvement of operation and maintenance procedures

On-going dam surveillance activities

Tous dam failure in 1982 originated a complete review of Dam

Safety regulations:

Fundamental tools:

Real time early warning and flood forecast systems & DSS

Quantity and Quality

Web-based tool for an integrated management of real time & on

site monitored data

Fundamental tools:

Dam monitoring and on-going safety assessment


138 ICOLD Bulletin, 2008

Basic elements in a Dam Safety Process according to ICOLD:

Constitution of Dam File containing all relevant documents

Detailed tasks and actions:

TECHNICAL FILE



Potential Risk Classification





Operation & Maintenance rules


PRESA DE AGUILAR DE CAMPÓO.

CAPACIDAD TOTAL DEL ALIVIADERO EN FUNCIÓN DE SU APERTURA

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

450.00

500.00

550.00

600.00

650.00

700.00

750.00

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Lámina de agua (m)

Ca

ud

al

(m³/

s)

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

Láminalibre

Altura mínima

Apertura

(m)

Caudales del río Turia tras su confluencia con el Tuejar para T=500 y T=100

años, variando el estado de humedad antecedentedel suelo.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102

108

114

Tiempo (h)

Cau

dal (m

3/s

)

T500SINEMBHUM

T500SINEMB

T500SINEMBSECA

T100SINEMBHUM

T100SINEMB

T100SINEMBSECA


Constitution of Dam File containing all relevant

documents


Operating procedures

Emergency Action Plan


PROTOCOLO P.3

PROTOCOLO PARA ACTUACIÓN EN

SITUACIÓN DE AVENIDAS

Se recibe aviso de posible

avenida por parte de la C.H.J.

La C.H.J.

recibe aviso de posibleslluvias intensas

No hay aviso por parte de

la C.H.J., pero se detecta una subida anormal del embalse

ACTUACIONES

EN LA PRESA EN LA C.H.J.

1.- Comunicación con C.H.J.

2.- Intensif icación de los controles en la

presa y el embalse.3.- Preparación y comprobación de los

desagües.

4.- Se estará a la espera de las órdenes de

la C.H.J.

5.- Se realizará el seguimiento de la avenida

Con el formulario F.09

De confirmarse la situación de avenida,

deberá constituirse el Comité Permanente,

que deberá:1.- Obtener información para conocer la

Situación en la presa y aguas abajo.

2.- Determinar las actuaciones en la presa

3.- Determinar los preavisos y alarmas.

CAUDALES A EVACUAR:

Los caudales recomendados en función del caudal

de entrada y la cota de embalse se presentan en el

gráfico siguiente. No obstante, esta una posibilidad de las muchas

que se pueden utilizar para la actuación en caso

de avenida.

El Comité Permanente con el mayor conocimiento

de las características de la avenida y de la

situación aguas abajo, actuará en consecuencia.

PREAVISOS

PROTOCOLO P.1

Fallan las

comunicaciones?

PROTOCOLO P.6

SI


Action protocol





Inspection Reports


Galleries and foundations Dam and reservoir inspection Hydromecanical equipment


Variación del coeficiente de seguridad

(Hipótesis A2. Pantalla eficaz)

1

1,1

1,2

1,3

1,4

1,5

1,6

1,7

1,8

1,9

2

520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540

Cota de embalse

Co

efic

ien

te d

e s

eg

uri

da

d

Fricción equivalente 44,24

Fricción equivalente 51.77

Hipótesis de proyecto Φ=36,87 sinconsiderar cohesiónCota N.M.N. (527,24)

Cota umbral aliviadero 2 (522,20)

Cota coronación (530,00)

FLAC (Version 3.40)

LEGEND

1-May- 2 19:58

step 125633

-6.111E+01 <x< 1.611E+02

-9.111E+01 <y< 1.311E+02

X-displacement contours

0.00E+00

2.50E-03

5.00E-03

7.50E-03

1.00E-02

1.25E-02

1.50E-02

1.75E-02

2.00E-02

Contour interval= 2.50E-03

Net Applied Forces

Max Vector = 1.606E+07

0 5E 7 -0.600

-0.200

0.200

0.600

1.000

(*10^2)

-0.400 0.000 0.400 0.800 1.200

(*10^2)

JOB TITLE :

U.D.OBPAS HYDRAULICAS

DIHMA, UPV

Constitution of Dam File containing all relevant

documents




Inspection Reports

Safety Review



Constitution of Dam File



Emergency Action Plans

Inspection Reports

Safety Review

Annual Reports




The dam engineering community agrees on the

importance to update and unify regulations and safety

requirements for both, state-owned and non state

dams.

Currently there is a clear trend towards a Risk-Based

Dam Safety Decision Process.

A dam safety law based on new technical regulations

and the risk analysis methodology is under

preparation.

Future trends


Future trends: Overall holistic approach – on-going process

Periodic Safety Reevaluation:

- “TRADITIONAL” Safety Reviews

- RISK-BASED APPROACH

Source: G. Membrillera, 2011

Current Safety Profile

Routine Activities: - Monitoring & Surveillance

- Visual Inspections

- Operation & Maintenance

- Staff training, etc.

Organizational

Integration

Mid & Long-term Measures: - Structural / Non structural fixes

- Investigations & Studies

- Operation Optimization

- Budget & Phasing, etc.

Short-term Measures: - Trigger EAP

- Heightened surveillance

- Operating restriction, etc.







6. Conclusions

6. CONCLUSIONS

Spain has more than 1200 large dams and therefore a strong tradition and technical

capability in this type of infrastructures and specifically in dam safety management.

Dam safety regulations are basic and fundamental to establish dam safety programs

aiming to reduce risk.

All type of dam safety regulations should consider not only technical aspects but also

available economical resources and technical capabilities of dam owners and

regulators.

Training and capacity building of all personnel involved is of crucial importance.

A modern Dam Safety Program should have a risk approach and is an on-going process.

Spanish organizations and institutions (e.g. General Directorate of Water belonging to the

Ministry of Agriculture and Environment and the Spanish Committee on Large Dams

SPANCOLD) are pleased to share the experience gathered over many years with other

countries (exchange and training programs).


Thank you very much for your attention

Useful websites:

www.spancold.es

www.icold-cigb.org

www.damsafety.com

http://www.spancold.es/

http://www.icold.org/



http://www.damsafety.com/

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DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN - UNECE · 2014-03-05 · DAM SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN SPAIN Jürgen Fleitz General Manager OFITECO Member of the Spanish Committee on Large Dams and Vice