Damir Seminarski

7/25/2019 Damir Seminarski

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UNIVERZITET U BIHAĆU

PEDAGOŠKI FAKULTET

PREDŠKOLSKI ODGOJ

KLIMA I UTICAJ KLIME NA ZDRAVLJE

Mentor: Pro! "r! #$%! S&'e()*n Ken"%+ St&"ent: K&rto,%+ D*)%r

B%-*+./012



Sadržaj :

UVOD......................................................................................................................1

KLIMA I VRJEME...................................................................................................... 2

KLIMATSKI POJASEVI...............................................................................................3

UTJECAJ KLIME NA ZDRAVLJE..................................................................................4

DJELOVANJE VISOKIH I NISKIH TEMPERATURA NA ZDRAVLJE.................................4

ZAKLJU3AK ............................................................................................................ 7

POPIS LITERATURE...................................................................................................8

BILJEŠKE O RADU....................................................................................................9



UVOD

K'%)* n* Ze)'(% (e #%#te) 4o(% #e #t*'no )%(en(* 56o7 &t(e$*(* r*5'%8%t%- 9r%ro"n%- 8%n%te'(* 4*o

to #& #&n8e,* % ,&'4*n#4* *4t%,no#t. te *#trono)#4% 9*r*)etr%! T%(e4o) 9o#'(e"n(%- #to

7o"%n* e4#ten5%,no 9o,e+*n(e '(&"#4%- *4t%,no#t% &5ro4o,*'o (e "o"*tn%. ne9o#re"n% &8%n*4 n*

4'%)&! Te)9er*t&r*. o6or%n* % "r&7% 4'%)*t#4% e'e)ent% )%(en(*(& #e & #'o;en%) %nter*4$%(*)*.

4*o 9o#'(e"%$* 9ro)(en* & #&#t*,& 5r*8en(* n* Ze)'(%! St*4'en%84% 9'%no,% r*"%(*$%(#4% #& ,r'o

*4t%,n% % 5n*8*'n%. (er & ,e'%4o( )(er% 9ro9&t*(& 4r*t4o,*'no S&n8e,o 5r*8en(e * *9#or6%r*(&

"&7o,*'no Ze)'(%no 5r*8en(e. #9re8*,*(&+% n* t*( n*8%n -'*<en(e 5e)'(%ne 9o,r%ne! T*4,o

r*"%(*$%(#4o 9o,e+*n(e te)9er*t&re 5o,e #e ee4t #t*4'en%4*. * 9'%no,% 4o(% 7* #t,*r*(&#t*4'en%84% 9'%no,%! =%,ot n* 5e)'(% &9r*,o (e )o7&+ 56o7 9o#to(*n(* 9r%ro"n%- #t*4'en%84%-

9'%no,* & *t)o#er%. 9r,en#t,eno ,o"ene 9*re! Z6o7 to7 "(e'o,*n(* te)9er*t&r* n* Ze)'(% (e

o4o >/ ?C ,%* ne7o to 6% 6%'* 6e5 to7 "(e'o,*n(*! Pro#(e8n* 7'o6*'n* te)9er*t&r* %5no#% o4o

12 ?C! S %n"&#tr%(#4o) re,o'&$%(o) 4r*(e) o#*)n*e#to7 #to'(e+* 4on$entr*$%(* #t*4'en%84%-

9'%no,* & *t)o#er% 9o8e'* (e r*#t% "o9r%no#e+% "o"*tno) 9o,e+*n(& te)9er*t&re 56o7 '(&"#4e

*4t%,no#t%! Me<&t%). %#to,re)eno e)%#%(* *ero#o'* & *t)o#er& %)* #&9rotno "(e'o,*n(e %

"o9r%no#% #)*n(en(& te)9er*t&re!

1



KLIMA I VRJEME

Po" 9o()o) 4'%)* 9o"r*5&)%(e,*)o 9ro#(e8ne 4*re4ter%#t%4e ,re)en#4%- % *t)o#er#4%-

9o(*,* 4o(e ,'*"*(& & 9r%5e)no) #'o(& 5e)'(%ne *t)o#ere!

Klima 4*o )eteoro'o4% 9o(*) (e #4&9 )eteoro'o4%- &t%$*(* % 9o(*,* 4o(% &

o"re<eno) ,re)en#4o) 9er%o"& 8%ne #re"n(e #t*n(e *t)o#ere n* ne4o) "(e'& Ze)'(%ne

9o,r%ne! Pore" )eteoro'o4o7. 9o#to(% % 6%o'o4% % 7eo7r*#4% 9o(*) 4'%)e!

Biološka klima (e 4o)9'e4# 4'%)*t#4%- &#'o,* 4o(% #* "r&7%) 8%n%o$%)* ne4e

o"re<ene #re"%ne o"re<&(& 9o#to(*n(e. r*5,%t*4. r*5)no;*,*n(e % 9re)(et*n(e ;%,%-or7*n%5*)*!

Geografska klima (e #4&9 *t)o#er#4%- #t*n(* 4o(% ,'*"*(& n* o"re<eno( 9o,r%n%

Ze)'(e! N*&4* 4o(* 9ro&8*,* 9ro$e# or)%r*n(* 4'%)e (e klimatologije! J*8*n(e 4'%)*t#4%-

e4#tre)* (e #,e 9r%#&tn%(e & n*e) 9o"ne6'(& % n%#& ne&o6%8*(en% 9re'*5% te)9er*t&r* %5

)%n&#* & 9'&#. 56o7 8e7* #e #,e 8e+e 9r%8* o &t%$*(& ,re)en* % 4'%)e n* 5"r*,'(e!

2



3



KLIMATSKI POJASEVI

Pre)* Ke9en& 4'%)*t#4% 9o(*#e,% #e "(e'e n* :

Tropski pojas 4*r*4ter%e te)9er*t&r* 9re4o /0?C to4o) 8%t*,e 7o"%ne

Subtropski pojas %)* te)9er*t&r& 4o(* #e 4re+e %5)e<& 10?C % /0?C & tr*(*n(& o" 1@

)(e#e$%. * %5n*" /0?C & tr*(*n(& o" @11 )(e#e$%!

Umjereni pojas 9o Ke9en@& %)* tr% 5one:

1! St*'no &)(eren* 5on* /! Zon* to9'%- '(et* >! Zon* &)(ereno7 '(et* % -'*"ne 5%)e

Hladni pojas. U -'*"no) 9o(*#& te)9er*t&r* #e 4re+e o" 10?C "o /0?C 1@ )(e#e$*. * &

o#t*'%) )(e#e$%)* %#9o" 10?C!

Polarni pojas. U 9o'*rno) 9o(*#& te)9er*t&r* (e %#9o"

10?C & to4& $%(e'e 7o"%ne!

Vrste klima! Pore" 4'%)*t#4%- 9o(*#e,* "%eren$%r*(& #e

4'%)e #* #,o(%) 4*r*4ter%#t%4*)*!

Morska klima. Mor#4* 4'%)* 9o4*5&(e )*n(e o#$%'*$%(e te)9er*t&re o" 4'%)* n* 4o9n&!

Ko'%8%n* ,'*7e %5n*" )or* (e ,e'%4*! Pre'*5% 7o"%n(%- "o6* #& 9o#te9en%!

Kontinetalna klima. On* #e o"'%4&(e ,e'%4%) te)9er*t&rn%) 4o'e6*n(%)*! L(et* #& 8e#to ,r'o

to9'*. #* 9o,re)en%) 5*-'*<en(%)*. * 5%)e #& -'*"ne!

Stepska i pustinjska klima! O,* 4'%)* 8%n% 9re'*5 %5)e<& #&-%- % ,'*;n%- 4'%)*! O" 9&#t%n(#4e

4'%)e r*5'%4&(e #e 9o e4#tre)no( r*5'%$% & te)9er*t&r% "*n* % no+%!

Planinska klima. On* (e 9r%5,o" #n%;en(* te)9er*t&re #* n*")or#4o) ,%#%no)!

4



UTJECAJ KLIME NA ZDRAVLJE

D%re4tno "(e'o,*n(e 4'%)*t#4%- % )eteoro'o4%- *4tor* n* 8o,(e4* %#9%t&(e medicinska

klimatologija % medicinska meteorologija! I#9%t&(& #e r*5ne 4o)6%n*$%(e "(e'o,*n(* n* '(&"#4e

&n4$%(e. 4*o to #&: temperatura, vlaga, barometarski pritisak, upliv raznih zračenja i slično!

DJELOVANJE VISOKIH I NISKIH TEMPERATURA NA ZDRAVLJE

Visoke temperature %te4*4o %)*(& (*4 &t(e$*( n* 5"r*,'(e 8o,(e4*! Pr(eno# ,%#o4%-

te)9er*t&r* %5r*;*,* #e toplotnim zračenjem, kondukcijom, konvekcijom, iscrpljenosti

toplotom i toplotnim udarom.

Toplotno zračenje 9re"#t*,'(* 9renoen(e ener7%(e e'e4tro)*7net#4%) t*'*#%)* r*5ne t*'*#ne

"&;%ne! S,*4% 9re")et 8%(* (e te)9er*t&r* %5n*" *9#o'&tne n&'e e)%t&(e to9'otn& ener7%(&!

I5,or% to9'otno7 5r*8en(* #&: S&n$e. &#%(*n% )et*'%. 'o;%t*. 9e+% % "r&7% %5,or%!

Kondukcija (e 9re"*,*n(e ener7%(e 4ro5 )*ter%(& & 4o(o( #e 4%net%84* ener7%(* 9reno#% o"

8e#t%$e "o 8e#t%$e!

Iscrpljenost toplotom! Ko" o,o7 #t*n(* (*,'(* #e ne#9o#o6no#t 4r,oto4* "* #*,'*"* % ,%#o4e

re'*t%,ne ,'*;no#t% ,*5"&-*! To (e 9r*+eno 5n*$%)* $%r4&'*t&rno7 o4*!

Toplotni udar ! U 4'%n%84o( #'%$% "o)%n%r* -%9er9%re4#%(*! Ko;* (e #&-* % (*4o to9'*! Bo'e#tn%$%

#e ;*'e n* 7'*,o6o'(&. ,rto7'*,%$& % #te5*n(e & 7r&"%)*!

5



iske temperature. L(&"#4o t%(e'o %5'o;eno -'*"no( #re"%n% n*#to(% "* #9r%(e8% %'% n*"o)(e#t%

9ret(er*no 7&6'(en(e to9'ote! Z"r*,#t,ene 9o#'(e"%$e %5*5,*ne n%#4o) te)9er*t&ro) #&:

ohlađivanje čitavog tijela, smrzavanje, akutne prolazne upalne reakcije i umjetna hibernacija

u medicini.

Ohlađivanje čitavog tijela. O-'*<%,*n(e 8%t*,o7 t%(e'* n* te)9er*t&r*)* %#9o" 0?C "o,o"% "o

#)r5*,*n(* $%(e'o7 or7*n%5)*! Pr,% #%)9to)% o-'*<%,*n(* #& o#(e+*( -'*"no+e % ,e'%4% &)or!

To)e #e % 9r%"r&;&(e % ne%5"r;'(%,* 9o#9*no#t! A4o #e to ne #9r%(e8%. t*4*, 8o,(e4 +e #(e#t% %'%

'e+%. 5*#9*t% % ,%e #e ne+e 9ro6&"%t%! Met*6o'%5*) #e #)*n(&(e. 4o;* 9o#t*(e 6'%(e"* % -'*"n*. *

)%%+% &4o8en%! N* 4r*(& 9re#t*(e r*" #r$*!

Smrzavanje (e 9o#'(e"%$* %5'*7*n(* "%(e'o,* t%(e'* %nten5%,no( -'*"no+%! Ko;* 56o7 #,o(e 7r*<e

#e #)r5*,* te4 n* @2?C "o @10?C! 3o,(e4 %)* o#(e+*( 6o$4*n(* % #,r6e;*! K*#n%(e "o'*5% "o

,*5o"%'*t*$%(e. oto4* % 'o4*'no7 $r,en%'*!

D&7otr*(no #)r5*,*n(e "o,o"% "o ne4ro5e % 7*n7rene t4%,*!

6



kutne prolazne upalne reakcije. U 9ro$e#& o-'*<en(* "o,o"e "o $r,en%'* 4o;e 9r*+eno7

o#(e+*(e) 6o'* 4o(% #e (*,'(* 4*" te)9er*t&re 4o;e 9r*+eno7 o#(e+*n(e) 6o'* 4o(% #e (*,'(*

4*" te)9er*t&re 4o;e 9*"ne n* 12?C! U4o'%4o te)9er*t&r* 4o;e 9*"ne n* 0?C (*,'(* #eneo#(et'(%,o#t! Do $r,en%'* 4o;e "o'*5% &9r4o# ,*5o4on#tr%4$%(e & #re"n(%) % )*'%) 4r,n%)

#&"o,%)*! U9*'ne re4*$%(e o,e ,r#te %#8e5*,*(& ne4o'%4o #*t% n*4on 9re#t*n4* e4#9o5%$%(e!

!mjetna hibernacija u medicini. To (e 9o#t&9*4 n*)(erno7 #n%;*,*n(* t(e'e#ne te)9er*t&re &

#,r-& '(e8en(* ne4%- #t*n(* %'% & #,r-& 9ro,o<en(* -%r&r4%- 5*-,*t*! O"r;*,*n(e %5%o'o4%-

7



4on#t*nt% & '(&"#4o) or7*n%5)& te)9er*t&re. 4r,no7 9r%t%#4* ,r% #e 9o" &9'%,o)

ne&ro,e7et*t%,no7 #%#te)* % ;'(e5"* #* &n&tr*n(o) #e4re$%(o)!

K'%)* (e 5n*8*(n* 9o '(&"#4o 5"r*,'(e 9re)* #,o) %n"%re4tno) "(e'o,*n(&:

@ Pre)* #,o) &9'%,& n* '(&"#4o 5*n%)*n(e

@ N* 6or*,*4 n* #'o6o"no) ,*5"&-& %'% & 5*t,oren%) 9ro#tor%(*)*

@ Pre)* "(e'o,*n(& n* r*#9ro#t%r*n(e r*5n%- ,e4tor* % re5er,o*r* 5*r*5n%- 6o'e#t%

@ Pre)* &t%$*(& n* o6'*8no#t % *ero5*7*<en(e

3o,(e4 )o;e ;%,(et% % o"r;*t% "o6ro 5"r*,'(e & #,%) 4'%)*t#4%) 9o(*#e,%)*!

A4'%)*t%5*$%(* (e )o7&+* %5)(eno) n* n*8%n& %#-r*ne. o"%(e,*n(*. #t*no,*n(* % r*"*!

8



ZAKLJUČAK

D*4'e. o#%) n* 5"r*,'(e. ,r%(e)e &t(e8e % n* r*#9o'o;en(e. 9on**n(e % o9+e "o6ro o#(e+*n(e!

O6%8no #e te7o6e (*,'(*(& 4o" n*7'%- 9ro)(en* te)9er*t&r* 5r*4*. n*7'o7 9*"* *t)o#er#4o7

t'*4* %'% 9r%'%4o) n*7'o7 9or*#t* ,'*;no#t% 5r*4*!

Goto,o #,% '(&"% n* o"re<en% n*8%n re*7%r*(& n* ne9o,o'(ne ,re)en#4e &,(ete. r%(et4o t4o #e

"o6ro o#(e+* 5* ,r%(e)e #9*r%ne %'% %5r*5%to ,%#o4%- %'% n%#4%- te)9er*t&r*! No 9o#to(e o#o6e

4o" 4o(%- #& 9o(*,* te7o6* %'% 9o7or*n(e o#no,n%- 6o'e#t% re"o,%to 9o,e5*n% # 'o%),re)en#4%) &,(et%)*! On% #e n*5%,*(& )eteoro9*t%. * #t*t%#t%4e 9o4*5&(& "* 7oto,o #,*4*

tre+* o#o6* n* #,%(et& &'*5% & t& #4&9%n&! Ko" )eteoro9*t* 5*t*(&(& )e-*n%5)% 9r%'*7o"6e n*

,*n(#4e &t(e$*(e. * to (e %5r*;en%(e & ;en*. "(e$e. #t*r%(%- o#o6* te & 4ron%8n%- 6o'e#n%4*!

9



POPIS LITERATURE

1! Z*t%t* 5"r*,'(* % n(e7* 9re"4o'#4o7 "(etet* A&tor: Pro! "r! #$! S&'e()*n KENDIĆ.

Mr! #$!"r )e"! H*t%";* HAIRLAHOVIĆ/! -tt9#:!7oo7'e!6*7#r"$re%>VBI9#AHZ)o>7C

10

https://www.google.ba/?gws_rd=cr&ei=3WQ7Vqq9BIWpsAHZmo3gCQ

https://www.google.ba/?gws_rd=cr&ei=3WQ7Vqq9BIWpsAHZmo3gCQ



BILJEŠKE O RADU

11

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Damir Seminarski