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DAML-S: Semantic DAML-S: Semantic Markup for Web Markup for Web ServicesServices
DAML-S Web Services CoalitionDAML-S Web Services Coalition
presented by: Terry R. Paynepresented by: Terry R. PayneCarnergie Mellon UniversityCarnergie Mellon University
http://www.daml.org/services/http://www.daml.org/services/
DAML-S Web Services CoalitionCMU: Anupriya, Ankolekar, Massimo Paolucci,
Terry Payne, Katia Sycara
BBN: Mark Burstein
Nokia: Ora Lassila
Stanford KSL: Sheila McIlraith, Honglei Zeng
SRI: Jerry Hobbs, David Martin, Srini Narayanan
[Yale: Drew McDermott & Manchester: Ian Horrocks]
Slides courtesy of Sheila McIlraith, Stanford KSL
What is DAML-S?DAML-S: A DARPA Agent Markup Language for Services DAML+OIL Ontology for (Web) services
AI-inspired markup language: tailored to the representational needs of Services expressive power well-defined semantics ontologies support reuse, mapping, succinct
markup, ...
Release of DAML-S version 0.5 June,2001 http://www.daml.org/services/
Layered Approach to Language Development
The first major application of DAML+OILLayer exists above DAML+OILFuture versions will build upon emerging layers (e.g. DAML-Rules etc)
DAML-S (Services)
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
RDFS (RDF Schema)
DAML+OIL (Ontology)
DAML-S ObjectivesProvide: an upper ontology for describing properties &
capabilities of agents & (Web) services in an unambiguous, computer interpretable markup language.
Desiderata: an ontology of Web services ease of expressiveness enables automation of service use by agents enables reasoning about service properties and
capabilities
Automation Enabled by DAML-S
Web service discoveryFind me a shipping service that transports goods to Dubai.
Web service invocationBuy me 500 lbs. powdered milk from www.acmemoo.com
Web service selection, composition and interoperationArrange food for 500 people for 2 weeks in Dubai.
Web service execution monitoringHas the powdered milk been ordered and paid for yet?
Upper Ontology of Services
PresentingService Profiles
Service Profile Presented by a service. Represents
“what the service provides”
One can derive: Service Advertisements Service Requests
DAML-S:
DAML-S Service Profile (Overview)
High-level description of a service and its provider description of service (human readable) specification of functionalities service provides functional attributes (requirements and
capabilities)
Profile used for populating service registries automated service discovery matchmaking
DAML-S Service Profile (Overview)
ProvenancProvenance e DescriptioDescriptionn
Functional Functional AttributesAttributes
Functionality Functionality DescriptionDescription
DAML-S Service ProfileProvenance Description
Information and Provenance about the Service serviceName & textDescription intendedPurpose & role of 3rd Party Actors
Details about 3rd Party Actors Requesters Providers
DAML-S Service ProfileFunctionality Description
Specification of what the service provides High-level functional representation in terms
of:
preconditions accessConditions inputs
outputs conditionalOutputs effects
Summarizes the top-level Composite Process (described by Service Model)
DAML-S Service ProfileFunctional Attributes
geographical scopePizza Delivery only within the Pittsburgh area
quality descriptions and guarantees
Stock quotes delivered within 10 secs
service types, service categories
Commercial / Problem Solving etc
service parametersAverage Response time is currently ...
Provide supporting information about the service, including:
Upper Ontology of Services
DescribingService Models
Service Process Describes how a
service works.
Facilitates (automated)
Web service invocation
composition interoperation monitoring
DAML-S:
DAML-S Service Model (Overview)
Service Model may be used to1) to perform a more in-depth analysis of whether the
service meets its needs;2) to compose service descriptions from multiple
services to perform a specific task;3) during the course of the service enactment, to
coordinate the activities of the different participants;4) to monitor the execution of the service.
For non-trivial services, the first two tasks require a model of action and process, the last two involve, in addition, an execution model.
DAML-S Service Model (Overview)
DAML-S Service Model“How does it work?”
Each service is conceived as simple or composite process (event/action)
Associated with each service is a set of inputs, outputs, preconditions and effects (function and action metaphor)
Composite processes are compositions of simple or other composite processes in terms of constructs such as sequence, if-then-else, fork,...
Data flow and Control flow should be described for each composite service
A black box and glass box view are given of each composite service
Function/Dataflow Metaphor
Acme Book
Truck
Shipment
Acme Book
Truck
Shipment
Input:
• confirmation #• ...
Output:
• failure notification• …
truck available+
valid credit card
Y
N
?
• customer name• origin• destination• weight• pickup date• ...
AI-inspired Action/Process Metaphor
Input:
• confirmation #• ...
Output:
• failure notification• …
truck available+
valid credit card
Y
N?
Preconditions:
• customer name• origin• destination• pickup date• ...
• knowledge of the input• ...
• goods at location if successful• credit card debited...
Effect:
Output:
Effect: <no effect>
Acme Book
Truck
Shipment
Acme Book
Truck
Shipment
AcmeTruckShippingAcmeTruckShipping
www.acmeair.com
book flight service
• customer name• flight numbers• dates• credit card no.• • ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• errror information• …
?
www.acmehotel.com
book hotel service
• confirmation no.• dates• room type• credit card no.• ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• …
?
www.acmecar.com
book car service
• customer name• location• car type• dates• credit card no.• ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• …
?
Composite Process
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
?• • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • •
Input &PreconditionsInput &Preconditions
Output &Effects
Output &Effects
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
Composite Process (cont)
Acme
Truck
Shipping
Service
Acme
Truck
Shipping
Service
expands
AcmeTruckShipping ExpandedAcmeTruckShipping
truck available+
valid credit card
Y
N
Confirm Shipping Region
Get Quote
Get Shipping Dates
Book Truck Shipment
AcmeTruckShipping ExpAcmeTruckShipping
expand
Composite Process (cont)
Upper Ontology of Services
Supporting aService Grounding
Service Process Provides a specification of
service access information.
Specifies: communication protocols,
transport mechanisms, etc.
E.g., SOAP, HTTP forms, KQML, OAA ACL, Java RMI, RPC, etc.
DAML-S:
Under Construction …
Upper Ontology of ServicesReview:
Related WorkRelated Industrial Initiatives
These XML-based initiatives are currently complementary to DAML-S.
DAML-S intends to build on top of these efforts exploiting increased expressiveness, semantics, inference that enables automation.
Related Academics Efforts Process Algebras (e.g., Pi Calculus) Process Specification Language (Hoare Logic, PSL) Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL) Business Process Modeling (e.g., BMPL) Service Description Languages (e.g., LARKS)
UDDI ebXML
WSDL (dot) .NET
XLANG BizTalk, e-speak etc