View
222
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 1
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Flemming HansenMScEE, PhDTechnology ManagerDanish Small Satellite ProgrammeDanish Space Research Institute
Phone: 3532 5712
Mobile: 2177 5712
E-mail: [email protected]
Satellite Technology CourseSpace Environment
Downloads available from:http://www.dsri.dk/roemer/pub/sat_tech RØMER 3D Model by Jan Erik Rasmussen, DSRI
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 2
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Overview of the Space Environment
External Factors
Residual atmosphere (up to 800 km) - Drag causes orbit decay and reentry
Trapped protons - Degrades materials and electronic components, causes single-event effects in semiconductor components.
Trapped electrons - Degrades materials and electronic components
Solar protons from flares - Degrades materials and electronic components, causes single-event effects in semiconductor components.
Cosmic rays - causes single-event effects in semiconductor components.
Solar radiation: IR, Visible, UV, X-Ray - Degrades materials
Plasma from magnetic substorms - Causes spacecraft charging
Atomic oxygen - Erodes exposed surfaces
Local Factors
Outgassing - Deposits on cold surfaces, e.g. optical apertures.
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 3
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Earth’s Radiation Belts
Trapped Protons Trapped Electrons
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 4
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Effects of High-Energy Charged Particles in the Space Environment
Biological effects (Prolonged exposure of astronauts in MIR and International Space Station)
Shielding, return to ground in case of majorsolar flares
Degradation of materials and semiconductors by ionization and lattice displacements
Materials selection, radiation hardening, shielding
Single-Event Upsets in computer memory cells Error Detection and Correction (EDAC),
radiation hardening Radiation background (Increased noise level in
CCD, X-ray and gamma-ray detectors) Radiation hardening, shielding,
select orbit outside or inside radiation belts, disable payload while passing through radiation belts
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 5
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Calculation of Effects of Ionizing Radiation in the Space Environment
ESA has created a web-facility - SPENVIS that gives the user acess to a number of useful modeling and calculation resources – see SPENVIS opening vindow at right
You have to be a registered user to gain access to the facility.
http://www.spenvis.oma.be/spenvis/
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 6
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Radiation in Syn-Synchronous Polar Low Earth Orbit
Cubesat in 600 km Sun-Synchronous Dawn-Dusk Orbit Solar Maximum Conditions
4*Pi Total Dose at Center of Aluminium Spheres
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Absorber Thickness [mm]
To
tal
Do
se
[ra
d(S
i)]
Total
Electrons
Bremsstrahlung
Trapped Protons
Solar Flare Protons
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 7
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Radiation in Molniya Orbit (RØMER)
MONS & Ballerina in Molniya Orbit. 2 Years Mission. Solar Max. Conditions. RAAN = 125 deg
4*Pi Total Dose at Center of Aluminium Spheres
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Absorber Thickness [mm]
To
tal
Do
se [
rad
(Si)
]
Total
Electrons
Bremsstrahlung
Trapped Protons
Solar Flare Protons
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 8
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Radiation Environment in Molniya Orbit - Trapped Proton Fluxes Along Orbit
Trapped Proton Fluxes in Molniya Orbit
1.0000E+00
1.0000E+01
1.0000E+02
1.0000E+03
1.0000E+04
1.0000E+05
1.0000E+06
1.0000E+07
1.0000E+08
1.0000E+09
Time [h:m:s]
par
ticl
es/c
m2 /s
ec0.1 MeV
0.5 MeV
1 MeV
2 MeV
3 MeV
4 MeV
5 MeV
6 MeV
8 MeV
10 MeV
12 MeV
15 MeV
17 MeV
20 MeV
25 MeV
30 MeV
35 MeV
40 MeV
45 MeV
50 MeV
60 MeV
70 MeV
80 MeV
90 MeV
100 MeV
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 9
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Trapped Electron Fluxes in Molniya Orbitt
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
0:00
0:06
0:12
0:22
0:34
0:46
1:46
2:46
3:46
4:46
5:46
6:46
7:46
8:46
9:46
10:46
11:30
11:42
11:54
Time [h:m:s]
par
ticl
es/c
m2 /s
ec
0.04 MeV
0.1 MeV
0.2 MeV
0.3 MeV
0.4 MeV
0.5 MeV
0.6 MeV
0.7 MeV
0.8 MeV
1 MeV
1.25 MeV
1.5 MeV
1.75 MeV
2 MeV
2.25 MeV
2.5 MeV
2.75 MeV
3 MeV
3.25 MeV
3.5 MeV
3.75 MeV
4 MeV
4.25 MeV
4.5 MeV
Radiation Environment in Molniya Orbit - Trapped Electron Fluxes Along Orbit
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 10
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Radiation Environment in Geostationary Transfer Orbit, 28.5° Inclination
RØMER in GTO Orbit. 28.5º Inclination. 2 Years Mission. Solar Max. Conditions. RAAN = 120 deg
4*Pi Total Dose at Center of Aluminium Spheres
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Absorber Thickness [mm]
To
tal
Do
se
[ra
d(S
i)]
Total
Electrons
Bremsstrahlung
Trapped Protons
Solar Flare Protons
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 11
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Trapped Proton Fluxes in GTO Orbit. 28.5º Inclination
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
0:00
0:06
0:12
0:22
0:34
0:46
1:46
2:46
3:46
4:46
5:46
6:46
7:46
8:46
9:46
10:46
11:14
11:26
11:36
Time [h:m:s]
par
ticl
es/c
m2 /s
ec0.1 MeV
0.5 MeV
1 MeV
2 MeV
3 MeV
4 MeV
5 MeV
6 MeV
8 MeV
10 MeV
12 MeV
15 MeV
17 MeV
20 MeV
25 MeV
30 MeV
35 MeV
40 MeV
45 MeV
50 MeV
60 MeV
70 MeV
80 MeV
90 MeV
100 MeV
Radiation Environment in Molniya Orbit - Trapped Proton Fluxes Along Orbit
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 12
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
ØRSTED Magnetic Field Model
Today’s Field
Changes Since 1980
South-Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 13
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Effects of South-Atlantic Anomaly - 1
Ørsted Single-Event Upsets
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 14
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Effects of South-Atlantic Anomaly - 2
UoSAT-3 Single-Event Upsets
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 15
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Radiation Dose Tolerance of Materials
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 16
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Solar FlaresProtons above 10 MeV
Probability of exceeding a given fluence level for various mission durations
Major Solar Flare
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 17
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Cosmic Rays
Cosmic ray species vs particle energy Effect of high-energy charged particle in integrated circuit
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 18
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Single-Event Latch-Up
Two-transistor model for latch-up in CMOS device showing parasitic elements
Latch-up protection circuit for ADSP-2100 digital signal processor
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 19
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Typical Radiation Tolerences of Rad Hard and COTS Parts
COTS: Commercial Off-the-Shelf (parts)
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 20
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Spectra in Orbit
FH 2002-06-11 Space_Environment.pptSlide # 21
Danish Space Research Institute
Danish Small Satellite Programme
Single-Event Upset - Linear Energy Transfer Threshold
Radiation Hard
Radiation Soft