Darcy Glenn 1, Holly Ibanez 2, Amelia Snow 3, Oscar Schofield 3 1 University of Vermont 2 Florida...
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Darcy Glenn 1, Holly Ibanez 2, Amelia Snow 3, Oscar Schofield 3 1 University of Vermont 2 Florida Institute of Technology 3 Rutgers University Designing
Darcy Glenn 1, Holly Ibanez 2, Amelia Snow 3, Oscar Schofield 3
1 University of Vermont 2 Florida Institute of Technology 3 Rutgers
University Designing a Glider Network to Monitor Rapid Climate
Change Background Technology Evaluation of Heat Transport
Calculations from the Glider Cook and the HYCOM Ocean Model Data
sets and Methodologies Results and Discussion Conclusions
Acknowledgements This work was made possible ONR funding of Cook.
This internship was funded by the National Science Foundation and
the Department of Homeland Security. A big thanks to all who helped
me with data treatment and to all that have contributed to the
collection of all the data used. A Special thanks to our Spanish
partners from Universidad de las Plamas de Gran Canaria and PLOCAN
who were instrumental in flying Cook. References Glenn, Darcy E.,
Holly A. Ibanez, and Amelia E. Snow. "Cook Quick Look Cruise
Report." Print. "Monitoring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning
Circulation at 26.5N." RAPID-MOC Website. Rapid Cllmate Change, 24
Mar 2010. Web. 9 Jun 2010.. Schofield, O., Kohut, J., Aragon, D.,
Creed, L., Graver, J., Haldeman, C., Kerfoot, J., Roarty, H.,
Jones, C., Webb, D., Glenn, S. M. 2007. Slocum Gliders: Robust and
ready. Journal of Field Robotics. 24(6): 1-14. DOI:
10:1009/rob.20200.Slocum Gliders: Robust and ready Webb, Douglas
C., Paul J. Simonetti, and Clayton P. Jones. "SLOCUM: An Underwater
Glider Propelled by Environmental Energy." IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC
ENGINEERING 26.04 (2001): 447-52. IEEEXplore. Web. 09 June 2010.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=00972077&tag=1.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=00972077&tag=1
Webpage for the HYCOM model:
http://www.hycom.org/http://www.hycom.org/ - The validated CTD
sensor on the new Thermal Glider Cook (See Hollys poster) was used
to identify a deeper warm layer temperature profile along 26.5 N
than found by RU27 flying along 40 N (See Amelias Poster). -
Comparisons between the Cook and the HYCOM model show that the
variations in temperature and velocity compare well. - Heat
transport calculations are sensitive to the working depth of the
glider because the glider only provides an estimate of the depth
average current. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
(MOC) is one of the Oceans conveyer belts and helps regulate the
climate on land. The Ocean has been absorbing most of the
additional heat due to green house gasses. This may cause changes
in the MOCs strength and position, and may in turn cause a Rapid
Climate Change Scenario in Europe. One of the most effective ways
to monitor the MOC is observing any changes in the North/South
transport along the latitude 26.5 o N. A fleet of gliders may
contribute to the Rapid Programs monitoring of 26.5 o N in future.
Science questions include: Gliders are a relativity new, energy
efficient technology that uses changes in buoyancy to fly through
the water. After a few hours it uses an Iridium Phone to callback
to COOL Room (Figure 3) to report data and receive new commands.
Electric glider RU27 Lithium batteries Shallow glider (200m)
Typically 30 day duration Transatlantic 300 days -How does the
energetic mesoscale eddy field of the deep ocean contribute to heat
transport? -What do the new ocean models tell us about heat
transport by the ocean eddy field? -How do the ocean models compare
to the heat transport observations collected on underwater glider
test flights? -Is an effective glider fleet possible? Figure 1:
Meridional Overturning Circulation Figure 5:Cooks temperature
section along 26.5 o N Figure 6: HYCOMs temperature section along
26.5 o N Figure 13: Cooks Temperature vs. Depth at (26.5 o N,62.5 o
W) Figure 18: HYCOM model heat transport in the East/West (blue)
and North/South (red) for different water depths compared to the
heat transport for 1200 m. The result approaches the 1200 m
standard deeper than 700 m. Figure 17: Comparison of heat transport
in the East/West (blue) and North/South (red) for different water
depths by a virtual glider compared to the HYCOM model. The virtual
glider is closer to the model at shallower depths. Figure 19: After
taking averages of the results, 800m seems to be optimal Figure
14:HYCOMs Temperature vs. Depth at (26.5 o N,62.5 o W) Figure 2:
Underwater Glider Cooks planned path across 26.5 o N. It had flown
from 64.7 o W on May 11, 2010 to 52.9 o N on July 7, 2010. Figure
3: COOL Room Figure 4: RU15 and RU27 were successfully deployed on
long-duration Lithium Battery powered missions. Thermal glider Cook
Wax that contracts and expands due to temperature changes Deep
glider (1200m) Longer missions 3-4 years Limited use, needs a
specific thermal environment Figure 7: Cooks North/South velocity
section along 26.5 o N Figure 8: HYCOMs North/South velocity
section along 26.5 o N Figure 9: Cooks North/South heat transport
section Figure 10: HYCOMs North/South heat transport section Figure
15: Cooks Heat Transport vs. Depth at (26.5 o N,62.5 o W) Figure
16: HYCOMs Heat Transport vs. Depth at (26.5 o N,62.5 o W) Figure
12: HYCOMs North/South Velocity vs. Depth at 26. N, 62.5 W on May
20 th showing the southward flowing velocity profile. Cooks
North/South depth average velocity was -.18. Figure 11: Map of the
surface currents observed by the satellite altimeter and the depth
averaged currents observes by Cook showing a strong southward
current in red on May 20 th. The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model
(HYCOM) forecast was sampled for its temperature, salinity and
velocity profiles along Cooks path (Figure 2). The heat transport
was estimated as the product of temperature times velocity. Case
study: The strongest southward heat transport event (May 20) is
caused by a southward flowing jet on the eastern side of a
counterclockwise rotating eddy. Ratio 1 is the heat transport based
on the depth averaged current divided by the HYCOM heat transport
based on the current profile. Ratio 2 is the HYCOM heat transport
at shallower depths divided by the value at 1200 m. Cooks depth
average current causes the heat transport to be underestimated near
the surface and overestimated at mid-depth.