Darwin Core Facility Sampling Report...Pangaea (NT) Pty Ltd was granted permission to carry out sampling of core at the Northern Territory Department of Mines and Petroleum’s core

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Darwin Core Facility Sampling Report

Titleholder Pangaea (NT) Pty Ltd

Titles/Tenements EP167, EP168, EP169 and EP198

Corporate authors(s) Pangaea (NT) Pty Ltd

Target Commodity or

Commodities

Oil and gas

Date of report 15th May 2013

Date of Sampling 31st July – 3rd August 2012

Datum/Zone GDA 94 Zone 53

1:250 000 mapsheet Larrimah, Hodgson Downs, Victoria River Downs

Contact Details

Postal address

Todd Hoffman - Geoscientist

Level 50,

1 Farrer Place,

Governor Phillip Tower, Sydney NSW 2000

Fax +61 2 9017 9638

Phone +61 2 9017 9600

Email for further technical

details

[email protected]

Email for expenditure [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ 2

TABLE OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... 3

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 4

2. SAMPLE PREPARATION and ANALYTICAL METHODS ................................................... 7

2.1 Total Organic Carbon .............................................................................................................. 8

2.2 Rock-Eval Pyrolysis .................................................................................................................. 9

2.3 X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy ............................................................................................... 9

2.4 Grain Volume and Grain Density ............................................................................................ 9

2.5 He-Boyles Porosity .................................................................................................................. 9

2.6 Steady-State Air Permeability ................................................................................................. 9

2.7 Anhydrous Kerogen Kinetics Analysis ................................................................................... 10

2.8 Thin Section Preparation....................................................................................................... 10

3. RESULTS...................................................................................................................... 10

4. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 11

APPENDIX 1 ........................................................................................................................ 12

CORE and GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................................

APPENDIX 2 ....................................................................................................................... 15

TOC and ROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS RESULTS ....................................................................................

APPENDIX 3: ......................................................................................................................131

CORE POROSITY, PERMEABILITY AND GRAIN DENSITY ................................................................

APPENDIX 4: .....................................................................................................................132

KINETICS .......................................................................................................................................

APPENDIX 5: .................................................................................................................... 137

XRD RESULTS ................................................................................................................................

APPENDIX 6: .....................................................................................................................144

Thin Sections ................................................................................................................................

TABLE OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1 MAP SHOWING PANGAEA (NT) TENEMENTS AND THE LOCATION OF WELLS SAMPLED AND

SIMPLIFIED TECTONIC FRAMEWORK. ............................................................................................. 5

FIGURE 2 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE MCARTHUR-BEETALOO BASIN. MODIFIED FROM PIETSCH ET AL

(PIETSCH, RAWLINGS ET AL. 1991). ................................................................................................ 6

FIGURE 3 COMPOSITE STRATIGRAPHY FOR VICTORIA-BIRRINDUDU BASIN. ........................................ 7

1. INTRODUCTION

Pangaea (NT) Pty Ltd was granted permission to carry out sampling of core at the Northern Territory

Department of Mines and Petroleum’s core facility in Darwin during July and August 2012. The

purpose of the sampling programme was three-fold; (1) to verify the existing Rock-Eval data sampled

from the Roper Group (Velkerri Formation) (Figure 2); (2) to model the kerogen conversion kinetics of

the organic-rich shale in the Velkerri Formation in Walton-2; and (3) as a preliminary assessment on the

reservoir quality in the Seale Sandstone (Figure 3).

A combination of five (5) mineral, petroleum and stratigraphic wells were sampled in total (Table 1).

The locations of the wells are illustrated in Figure 1. The sample collection procedure adhered to the

conditions set by the Geological Survey of Northern Territory.

In total, 68 samples were collected from the available core. This included 40 samples which were sent

to Core Laboratory Indonesia for Rock-Eval Pyrolysis (RE) and Total Organic Carbon analysis (TOC), five

(5) samples were analysed using X-Ray Diffraction Spectrometry (XRD) for Bulk and Clay Fraction, and

corresponding thin sections. 30 samples were analysed by Core Laboratory Perth for He-Boyles

Porosity, and a subset of 16 samples were further assessed for Steady-State Permeability. Kerogen

Conversion Kinetics was conducted by Weatherford Houston on one (1) Middle Velkerri shale sample

from Walton-2.

Appendix 1 illustrates the samples evaluated for core and/or geochemical analyses.

Table 1: List of wells sampled on Daly River, Victoria River and McArthur Basins.

Wells Assessed

1. Sever-1

2. Walton-2

3. 99VRNTGSDDH2 (DDH2)

4. 99VRNTGSDDH1 (DDH1)

5. DWD-1

Figure 1 Map showing Pangaea (NT) tenements and the location of wells sampled and simplified tectonic framework.

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Figure 2 Stratigraphy of the McArthur-Beetaloo Basin. Modified from Pietsch et al (Pietsch, Rawlings et al. 1991).

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Figure 3 Composite stratigraphy for Victoria-Birrindudu basin.

2. SAMPLE PREPARATION and ANALYTICAL METHODS

A total of 64 samples were selected for geochemical and conventional core analysis to infill the

existing database. Core samples from Sever-1 and DDH-1 wells were analysed for He-Boyles

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Porosity and Air Steady-State Permeability. A selection of core samples from Sever-1 were

further analysed for Rock-Eval Pyrolysis (RE) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC), along with X-Ray

Diffraction Spectrometry (XRD) for Bulk and Clay Fraction. A total of five (5) thin sections were

prepared but not analysed.

All 17 core samples from DDH-2 and 15 core samples from DWD-1 were analysed for Rock-Eval

Pyrolysis and TOC. Kerogen Conversion Kinetics was conducted on one core sample from

Walton-2.

Appendix 1 illustrates in detail the samples that have been submitted for the various core and

geochemical analyses for each wells.

2.1 Total Organic Carbon

Total organic carbon (TOC) is a measurement of the organic richness of a rock in weight percent

organic carbon. Organic richness is the first requirement for an oil or gas source rock and used

as a screening technique to determine whether a sample merits further detailed analysis. The

organic carbon content is determined by combustion of the sample in the Rock-Eval 6 Analyser

(standard model S/N 18-001). Blank, standards and duplicates are routinely run to insure highly

reliable results.

The majority of the TOC work was obtained by pyrolysis using the Rock-Eval 6 Analyser by adding

pyrolyzed carbon and residual carbon. The pyrolyzed carbon is computed from: (1) the

hydrocarbon compounds released in peaks S1 and S2 (assuming they contain 83% of organic

carbon), (2) the CO released during pyrolysis up to 500°C (S3CO peak), and (3) the CO2 released

during pyrolysis up to 400°C (S3CO2 peak). To avoid interference by release of pyrolytic CO2 from

carbonate minerals such as siderite and ankerite, only the first part of the CO2 pyrolysis curve is

taken into account. Also, to avoid possible interference caused by Boudouard's reaction, where

the CO2 released early during carbonate decomposition can react with the residual carbon to

produce CO, the calculation for CO is limited to a temperature of 500°C. The residual carbon is

obtained during the oxidation phase by summing the organic carbon oxidized into CO (S4CO

peak) and CO2 up to 650°C (S4CO2 peak). At higher temperatures, there is no more CO

production and the CO2 comes generally from the decomposition of carbonates (calcite and

dolomite).

For five (5) of the core samples on Sever-1 that were submitted for XRD analysis, TOC content

was also obtained using the LECO method. The dried samples were pulverised and treated with

hot and cold hydrochloric acid to remove carbonates (inorganic carbon). After acid treatment,

the organic carbon content is determined by combustion of the sample in LECO WR 112 Carbon

Analyser.

A total of 40 samples were analysed for TOC content; 17 from DDH-2, 15 from DWD-1 and eight

(8) from Sever-1 where five (5) of which were obtained by LECO method.

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2.2 Rock-Eval Pyrolysis

Rock-Eval pyrolysis is used to identify the type and maturity of organic matter and to detect

petroleum potential in sediments. In summary, the four basic parameters obtained by pyrolysis

are S1 (the amount of free hydrocarbons), S2 (the potential to produce hydrocarbon), S3 (the

amount of oxygen in the kerogen) and Tmax (indication of the stage of maturation of the organic

matter, S2 maximum peak) (Tissot and Welte 1984). From these, the Hydrogen Index (S2/TOC x

100), Oxygen Index (S3/TOC x 100), Potential Yield (S1+S2) and Production Index (S1/(S1+S2))

can be calculated.

A total of 40 samples were submitted for RE; 17 from DDH2, 15 from DWD-1 and eight (8) from

Sever-1 wells. Each of the core samples were ground and homogenised prior to analysis.

2.3 X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy

Approximately 10 grams of representative sample is required for routine XRD analysis. The

sample is dried, disaggregated and then cleaned of hydrocarbons using chloroform and

methanol. The sample is gently crushed in a ceramic mortar using a rubber pestle, passed

through a 120-mesh sieve and then split into two equal portions for bulk and clay mineral XRD

analysis.

Five (5) samples from Sever-1 were submitted for XRD analysis on both the Bulk and Clay

content.

2.4 Grain Volume and Grain Density

The weight, diameter and length of the selected samples were measured before they were

processed through the Ultrapore™ porosimeter to determine grain volume by helium injection.

As a standard quality control measure, a calibration check plug was run after every fifth sample.

Grain density data was calculated from grain volume and sample weight data.

2.5 He-Boyles Porosity

Porosities were calculated using grain volume, combined with bulk volume by mercury

displacement (Archimedes).

A total of 30 core samples were submitted for porosity analysis; 18 from DDH-1 and 12 from

Sever-1.

2.6 Steady-State Air Permeability

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Permeability measurements were made at a confining stress of 800psi (ambient) in the CMS-

300™ automated core measurement system (unsteady-state principle). Two standard check

plugs were run with each batch of plug samples.

A total of 30 core samples were submitted for permeability analysis; 18 from DDH-1 and 12 from

Sever-1.

2.7 Anhydrous Kerogen Kinetics Analysis

Source rock kinetics refers to the parameters that define the rates at which organic matter

(kerogen) thermally decomposes to form oil and/or gas over a range of temperatures.

The source rock kinetic measurements were derived using the Arrhenius equation, which defines

the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place. The formula is:

Where:

k = Reaction rate A = Arrhenius or frequency factor Ea = Activation energy T = Absolute temperature R = Universal gas constant e = natural logarithm base

The method involves heating isolated kerogen or extracted whole rock (if the TOC is sufficient) at

multiple heating rates (ie 1, 5, 15, 25, and 50 0C/minute) between 3000C and 6000C.

Three samples from the Middle Velkerri Formation in Walton-2 were submitted to be analysed

by Weatherford Houston (WFH). The samples were first screened by Rock-Eval to select one

sample with the highest-S2/lowest-S1 for kinetics analysis.

2.8 Thin Section Preparation

Five (5) thin sections of the size 39mm x 79mm with high pressure, blue dye impregnation with

no stain were made. No permanent cover slips were mounted. All samples were taken from

Sever-1 well from the Middle and Lower Velkerri Formation. The thin sections are shown in

Appendix 6.

3. RESULTS

See appendix 2 to 6 for the results of the core analysis.

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4. REFERENCES

Tissot, B. P. and D. H. Welte (1984). Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. Berlin, Springer-Verlag

Page | 12

APPENDIX 1

CORE and GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

Chips/Cores/SW

C/Plugs/Cuttings

He‐Boyles Porosity

Tran

scient Perm

XRD ‐ BOTH

Thin Section Preparation

TOC by Pyrolysis

Rockeval Pyrolysis

Kinetics (kerogen conversion kinetics)

Pangaea Lab ID Top Depth Lab

PRD1‐1 553.65 CLP Core X






PRD1‐7 568.08 CLP Core X X












PRD2‐5 153.00 CLI Core X X











PRDW‐1 521.50 CLI Core X X








Chips/Cores/SW

C/Plugs/Cuttings

He‐Boyles Porosity

Tran

scient Perm

XRD ‐ BOTH

Thin Section Preparation

TOC by Pyrolysis

Rockeval Pyrolysis

Kinetics (kerogen conversion kinetics)

Pangaea Lab ID Top Depth Lab








PRSV‐1 288.58 CLP/CLI Core X

PRSV‐2 298.76 CLP/CLI Core X X



PRSV‐10 687.44 CLP/CLI Core X X X X X X











PRWT‐1 307.15 WFH Core X X X



APPENDIX 2

TOC and ROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS RESULTS

These analyses, opinions or interpretations are based on observations and materials supplied by the client to whom; and for whose exclusive and confidential use; this report is made. The interpretations or opinions expressed represent the best judgment of Core Laboratories, (all errors and omissions excepted); but Core Laboratories and its officers and employees, assume no responsibility and make no warranty or representations, as to the productivity, proper operations, or profitableness of any oil, gas or other mineral well or sand in connection with which such report is used or relied upon.

CORE LABORATORIES

PANGAEA RESOURCES PTY LTD

Prepared for: Pangaea Resources Pty Ltd

File No. Geochem-12225 (Batch III) May 2013

CORE LABORATORIES

PANGAEA RESOURCES PTY LTD i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

GEOCHEMICAL ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES 1

1.1 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 1

1.2 Rock-Eval Pyrolysis (RE-6) 1 Geochemical Analytical Data Table

Table

Table 1 Rock-Eval Pyrolysis and TOC Content

APPENDIX

Appendix 1 Rock-Eval Pyrograms

CORE LABORATORIES

PANGAEA RESOURCES PTY LTD 1

GEOCHEMICAL ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

This report presents the result and geochemical analytical procedures of a petroleum

geochemistry study performed on a suite of cores samples drilled by Pangaea Resources Pty

Ltd.

1.1 Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

Total organic carbon analysis measures the organic richness of a rock in weight percent organic

carbon. Organic richness is the first requirement for an oil or gas source rock. The analysis is

also used as a screening technique to determine which samples merit more detailed analysis.

The organic carbon content is determined by combustion of the sample in Rock-Eval 6

Analyser (standard model S/N 18-001). Blank, standards and duplicates are routinely run to

insure highly reliable results.

1.2 Rock-Eval Pyrolysis (RE-6)

The Rock-Eval 6 Analyser (standard model S/N 18-001) provides a rapid (30min/sample)

source rock analysis on a small (50-70 mg) sample of rock by heating over temperature range

of 300-650 °C. The temperature was set to hold on 300 oC for 3 minutes and increase to 650

°C at 25 °C /min temperature rate. An industry standard (IFP 160000) is used as standard

sample for calibration. This analysis quickly evaluates the concentration of volatile and soluble

organic matter plus amount of pyrolysable organic matter is the sample and thermal maturity.

The results identify possible source and reservoir intervals on which more detailed analyses may

be performed.

CORE LABORATORIES


GEOCHEMICAL ANALYTICAL DATA TABLE

Company : Pangaea Resources Pty LtdSample Type : CoresFile No. : Geochem-12225 (Batch III)

TABLE 1 ROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS AND TOC CONTENT *

S1 S2 S3

0.42 0.06 0.07 0.15 368 0.46 0.13 17 360.37 0.05 0.06 0.19 330 0.45 0.11 16 510.39 0.06 0.07 0.20 443 0.46 0.13 18 510.45 0.08 0.10 0.18 341 0.44 0.18 22 400.05 0.02 0.05 0.19 455 0.29 0.07 100 3800.29 0.05 0.08 0.17 324 0.38 0.13 28 590.37 0.05 0.03 0.30 331 0.63 0.08 8 810.49 0.08 0.06 0.27 334 0.57 0.14 12 550.85 0.08 0.05 0.27 356 0.62 0.13 6 320.28 0.04 0.05 0.11 446 0.44 0.09 18 390.18 0.03 0.05 0.30 360 0.38 0.08 28 1670.22 0.04 0.09 0.17 599 0.31 0.13 41 770.33 0.04 0.05 0.25 319 0.44 0.09 15 760.50 0.04 0.06 0.15 440 0.40 0.10 12 300.54 0.04 0.07 0.12 365 0.36 0.11 13 220.23 0.04 0.07 0.13 338 0.36 0.11 30 570.20 0.07 0.10 0.12 498 0.41 0.17 50 600.18 0.06 0.12 0.12 608 0.33 0.18 67 670.17 0.03 0.09 0.20 609 0.25 0.12 53 1180.50 0.09 0.40 0.15 453 0.18 0.49 80 30

S1 = Free Hydrocarbons S2 = Pyrolysable Hydrocarbons S3 = Organic CO2

Oil Production Index = Transformation Ratio = S1/(S1+S2) Tmax = Temperature of Maximum S2 Oxygen Index = (S3/TOC) x 100* Pyrolysis and TOC content by Rock Eval 6 Hydrogen Index = (S2/TOC) x 100

Hydrogen Index

PRDW-1

mg/gm rock Oxygen Index

Tmax (°C)

Oil Production Index (OPI)

Potential Yield

(S1+S2)Sample ID

TOC (wt.%)

PRDW-15

PRDW-2PRDW-3PRDW-4PRDW-5PRDW-6PRDW-7PRDW-8PRDW-9

PRD2-42PRD2-43PRD2-44

PRDW-10PRDW-11PRDW-12

PRD2-41

PRDW-13PRDW-14

PRD2-40

Company : Pangaea Resources Pty LtdSample Type : CoresFile No. : Geochem-12225 (Batch III)

TABLE 1 (Cont'd) ROCK-EVAL PYROLYSIS AND TOC CONTENT *

S1 S2 S3

0.54 0.08 0.24 0.12 585 0.25 0.32 44 220.59 0.04 0.26 0.07 406 0.13 0.30 44 120.04 0.04 0.26 0.10 565 0.13 0.30 650 250



PRD2-54PRD2-55

TOC (wt.%)

Hydrogen Index

PRD2-47


Tmax (°C)


Potential Yield

(S1+S2)Sample ID

CORE LABORATORIES


Appendix 1

ROCK EVAL PYROGRAMS


CORE LABORATORIES



File No. Geochem-12225 (Batch IV) May 2013

CORE LABORATORIES


TABLE OF CONTENTS




Table


APPENDIX


CORE LABORATORIES





Ltd.
















be performed.

CORE LABORATORIES



Company : Pangaea Resources Pty LtdSample Type : CoresFile No. : Geochem-12225 (Batch IV)


S1 S2 S3

0.10 0.05 0.07 0.22 339 0.42 0.12 70 2200.09 0.06 0.08 0.22 348 0.43 0.14 89 2440.17 0.04 0.08 0.24 337 0.33 0.12 47 1410.29 0.13 0.12 0.20 323 0.52 0.25 41 690.21 0.17 0.13 0.24 313 0.57 0.30 62 1140.33 0.13 0.16 0.16 325 0.45 0.29 48 480.67 0.15 0.45 0.17 450 0.25 0.60 67 250.16 0.08 0.17 0.15 597 0.32 0.25 106 940.32 0.09 0.22 0.24 588 0.29 0.31 69 750.13 0.02 0.04 0.24 470 0.33 0.06 31 1852.70 0.11 0.25 0.15 569 0.31 0.36 9 61.93 0.06 0.17 0.09 576 0.26 0.23 9 5



Sample ID

PRD2-43

Hydrogen Index

PRD2-5


Tmax (°C)


Potential Yield

(S1+S2)

TOC (wt.%)

PRD2-9

PRD2-37PRD2-39PRD2-40PRD2-41PRD2-42

PRD2-13

PRSV-22PRSV-26PRSV-28

CORE LABORATORIES


Appendix 1

ROCK EVAL PYROGRAMS


CORE LABORATORIES



File No. Geochem-12225 (Batch VII) May 2013

CORE LABORATORIES


TABLE OF CONTENTS




Table


APPENDIX


CORE LABORATORIES





Ltd.
















be performed.

CORE LABORATORIES



Company : Pangaea Resources Pty LtdSample Type : CoresFile No. : Geochem-12225 (Batch VII)


S1 S2 S3

PRSV-10 (CL#23) / 687.44-687.56 m 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.12 548 0.46 0.26 140 120PRSV-11 (CL#24) / 690.27-690.40 m 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.14 512 0.48 0.25 144 156PRSV-29 (CL#26) / 1092.18-1092.27 m 0.12 0.09 0.23 0.04 546 0.28 0.32 192 33PRSV-30 (CL#27) / 1093.02-1093.12 m 0.29 0.10 0.28 0.08 607 0.26 0.38 97 28PRSV-31 (CL#28) / 1093.58-1093.71 m 0.21 0.07 0.14 0.12 603 0.33 0.21 67 57



TOC (wt.%)

Sample ID/Depth (metres)Hydrogen

Indexmg/gm rock Oxygen

IndexTmax (°C)


Potential Yield

(S1+S2)

CORE LABORATORIES


Appendix 1

ROCK EVAL PYROGRAMS


CORE LABORATORIES



File No. Geochem-12225 (Batch VII) May 2013

CORE LABORATORIES


TABLE OF CONTENTS




Table


APPENDIX


CORE LABORATORIES





Ltd.
















be performed.

CORE LABORATORIES



Company : Pangaea Resources Pty LtdSample Type : CoresFile No. : Geochem-12225 (Batch VII)


S1 S2 S3

PRSV-10 (CL#23) / 687.44-687.56 m 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.12 548 0.46 0.26 140 120PRSV-11 (CL#24) / 690.27-690.40 m 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.14 512 0.48 0.25 144 156PRSV-29 (CL#26) / 1092.18-1092.27 m 0.12 0.09 0.23 0.04 546 0.28 0.32 192 33PRSV-30 (CL#27) / 1093.02-1093.12 m 0.29 0.10 0.28 0.08 607 0.26 0.38 97 28PRSV-31 (CL#28) / 1093.58-1093.71 m 0.21 0.07 0.14 0.12 603 0.33 0.21 67 57



TOC (wt.%)

Sample ID/Depth (metres)Hydrogen

Indexmg/gm rock Oxygen

IndexTmax (°C)


Potential Yield

(S1+S2)

CORE LABORATORIES


Appendix 1

ROCK EVAL PYROGRAMS

Page | 16

APPENDIX 3:

CORE POROSITY, PERMEABILITY AND GRAIN DENSITY

APPENDIX 4:

KINETICS

Kinetics Data Table: Discrete Model Results

Country: AUSTRALIA Sample ID: 3402650692

Kinetics Output Files: 0692D.OUT

Client ID: PRWT-2 Heating Rates 2, 5, 10, 25, 50

Well: Walton-2

Depth: 311.8

Discrete Model, Free A Results Discrete Model, Fixed A Results

Arrhenius Factor (/sec): 1.3858E+14 Arrhenius Factor (/sec): 1.00E+14

Ea (cal/mole) % of Reaction Ea (cal/mole) % of Reaction

41000 0.01 41000

42000 0.03 42000 0.11

43000 0.21 43000 0.06

44000 0.13 44000 0.43

45000 0.59 45000 0.49

46000 0.47 46000

47000 47000 1.34

48000 1.70 48000 0.48

49000 0.25 49000

50000 50000

51000 51000

52000 52000

53000 53000 29.23

54000 78.56 54000 58.59

55000 55000

56000 14.77 56000 3.87

57000 57000 4.15

58000 1.34 58000

59000 0.62 59000

60000 60000 0.03

61000 0.40 61000 0.53

62000 0.03 62000

63000 63000 0.14

64000 0.77 64000 0.55

65000 0.10 65000

Total: 100 Total: 100

Approximate Error (%): 0.06 Approximate Error (%): 0.06

Standard Error (cal/mole): 1019 Standard Error (cal/mole): 1019

Geochemical Data:

TOC (wt.%): na HI (mg HC/gTOC): na

S1 (mg HC/g Rock): 1.24 OI (mg CO2/gTOC): na

S2 (mg HC/g Rock): 13.03 S2/S3: 26

S3 (mg CO2/g Rock): 0.51 S1/TOC (mg HC/gTOC): na

Tmax (oC): 434 PI (S1/(S1+S2)): 0.09

Kinetics Data Table: Gaussian Model Results

Country: AUSTRALIA Sample ID: 3402650692

Kinetics Output Files: 0692D.OUT

Client ID: PRWT-2 Heating Rates 2, 5, 10, 25, 50

Well: Walton-2

Depth: 311.8

Distributed Gaussian Model Kinetics Distributed Gaussian Model Kinetics

(7 energy distribution) (15 energy distribution)

Arrhenius Factor (/sec): 4.4889E+12 Arrhenius Factor (/sec): 4.4889E+12

Ea (cal/mole) % of Reaction Ea (cal/mole) % of Reaction

49328 0.44 49328 0.19

49356 5.40 49340 0.63

49384 24.20 49352 1.72

49412 39.91 49364 3.94

49440 24.20 49376 7.49

49468 5.40 49388 11.86

49496 0.44 49400 15.62

49412 17.12

49424 15.62

49436 11.86

49448 7.49

49460 3.94

49472 1.72

49484 0.63

49496 0.19

Total: 100 Total: 100

Approximate Error (%): 0.06 Approximate Error (%): 0.06

Dist. Parameter (cal/mole): 28 Dist. Parameter (cal/mole): 28

Gaussian Model (n=1.00) Geochemical Data:

Arrhenius Factor (/sec): 4.4889E+12 TOC (wt.%): na

Act. Energy (cal/mole): 49412 S1 (mg HC/g Rock): 1.24

Dist. Parameter (cal/mole): 28 S2 (mg HC/g Rock): 13.03

S3 (mg CO2/g Rock): 0.51

Gaussian Model (best n) Tmax (oC): 434

Arrhenius Factor (/sec): 1.0109E+14

Act. Energy (cal/mole): 53632 HI (mg HC/gTOC): na

Dist. Parameter (cal/mole): 30 OI (mg CO2/gTOC): na

Reaction Order (n): 1.31 S2/S3: 26

S1/TOCx100 (mg HC/gTOC): na

PI (S1/(S1+S2)): 0.09

0 50 100 150 200

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

TR

AN

SF

OR

MA

TIO

N R

AT

IO (

%)

% R

o

TEMPERATURE (ºC)

TRANS. RATIO COMPUTED %Ro

COMPUTED TRANSFORMATION RATIOAND VITRINITE REFLECTANCE (%Ro)

USING A 3.3°C/million years CONSTANT HEATING RATE

0 50 100 150 200

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

GE

NE

RA

TIO

N R

AT

E

% R

o

TEMPERATURE (ºC)

GEN. RATE COMPUTED %Ro

COMPUTED GENERATION RATE CURVEAND VITRINITE REFLECTANCE (%Ro)


40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70

PE

RC

EN

T O

F R

EA

CT

ION

ACTIVATION ENERGY (kcal/mole)

A = 1.3858E+14/sec

DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVATION ENERGIES

0

9

18

27

36

45

54

63

72

81

90

CLIENT:

PROJECT:

SAMPLE TYPE:

WFT ID:

WELL:

CLIENT ID:

DEPTH:

TOC (%):

MODEL USED:

PANGAEA

BH-59899

Core

3402650692

Walton-2

PRWT-2

311.80

Discrete

CALCULATED RESULTS USING 3.3ºC/million years MODEL:

COMPUTED ONSET (10% TR) TEMPERATURE (ºC):

COMPUTED ONSET (10% TR) %Ro VALUE:

134

0.79

COMPUTED PEAK GENERATION TEMPERATURE (ºC):

COMPUTED PEAK GENERATION %Ro VALUE:

150

0.97

Weatherford Labs

KINETICS DATA GRAPHICAL REPORT SUMMARY

(DISCRETE MODEL)

0 50 100 150 200

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

TR

AN

SF

OR

MA

TIO

N R

AT

IO (

%)

% R

o

TEMPERATURE (ºC)

TRANS. RATIO COMPUTED %Ro

COMPUTED TRANSFORMATION RATIOAND VITRINITE REFLECTANCE (%Ro)


0 50 100 150 200

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

1.80

2.00

GE

NE

RA

TIO

N R

AT

E

% R

o

TEMPERATURE (ºC)

GEN. RATE COMPUTED %Ro

COMPUTED GENERATION RATE CURVEAND VITRINITE REFLECTANCE (%Ro)


40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70

PE

RC

EN

T O

F R

EA

CT

ION

ACTIVATION ENERGY (kcal/mole)

A = 4.4889E+12/sec

DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVATION ENERGIES

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

CLIENT:

PROJECT:

SAMPLE TYPE:

WFT ID:

WELL:

CLIENT ID:

DEPTH:

TOC (%):

MODEL USED:

PANGAEA

BH-59899

Core

3402650692

Walton-2

PRWT-2

311.80

Gaussian

CALCULATED RESULTS USING 3.3ºC/million years MODEL:

COMPUTED ONSET (10% TR) TEMPERATURE (ºC):

COMPUTED ONSET (10% TR) %Ro VALUE:

121

0.70

COMPUTED PEAK GENERATION TEMPERATURE (ºC):

COMPUTED PEAK GENERATION %Ro VALUE:

135

0.80

Weatherford Labs

KINETICS DATA GRAPHICAL REPORT SUMMARY

(GAUSSIAN MODEL)

APPENDIX 5:

XRD RESULTS

Company: Pangaea Resources PTY, Ltd. File No.: Petro-12.062

Sample ID

Depth (m)

Weight % TOC

Weight % Mineralogy (Without TOC)

Whole Rock Data

Quartz 52.1 53.6 70.0 76.3 62.5

K-Felspar 5.8 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Plagioclase 13.4 16.5 15.4 0.6 1.9

Calcite 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Dolomite & Fe-Dolomite 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Siderite 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3

Pyrite 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0

Total Clay 27.8 23.7 14.1 22.9 35.3

Relative Clay Data

Illite/Smectite 2.2 7.8 2.6 10.8 1.4 10.2 1.6 7.0 2.8 7.9

Illite & Mica 2.9 10.5 3.3 13.8 1.1 7.7 1.2 5.1 1.3 3.7

Kaolinite 1.7 6.0 1.2 5.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 4.9 0.0 0.0

Chlorite 21.0 75.7 16.6 70.3 11.6 82.1 19.0 83.0 31.2 88.4

Sum Bulk 100 100 100 100 100

Sum Clay 100 100 100 100 100

Volume % Mineralogy

(Includes TOC as Kerogen)

Quartz 53.0 54.4 70.5 77.1 64.0

K-Felspar 5.8 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

Plagioclase 13.7 17.0 15.7 0.7 2.0

Calcite 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Dolomite & Fe-Dolomite 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Siderite 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Pyrite 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

Illite/Smectite 2.2 2.6 1.5 1.6 2.9

Illite & Mica 2.9 3.3 1.1 1.2 1.3

Kaolinite 1.7 1.2 0.0 1.2 0.0

Chlorite 19.5 15.4 10.7 17.5 29.2

Kerogen 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.5

Total 100 100 100 100 100

Vclay 26.4 22.6 13.2 21.5 33.4

Calc. GD (g/cc) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7

% Smectite in I/S 5-15 5-15 25-35 25-35 25-35

Core Laboratories

TABLE 1

Composition Determined by XRD & TOC

PRSV-10

687.44 -687.56

PRSV-11

690.27 - 690.40

PRSV-29

1092.18 - 1092.27

PRSV-30

1093.02 - 1093.12

PRSV-31

1093.58 - 1093.71

0.10 0.09 0.12 0.29 0.21

APPENDIX 6:

Thin Sections

PRSV-31 – 1093.66m – a. x10, plane-polarised light; b.x10, cross-polarised light; c. x10, reflected-

light; d. x40 plane-polarised light. 1a, 1b and 1c shows overall field of view of sample in plane-

and crossed-polarised and reflected light. Muscovite (m), sutured quartz (qtz) and clays

highlighted. 1d shows lithic (lith) fragments against muscovite. On inspection, lithic has some

microporosity from dissolved primary minerals.

m

q

t

z

c

l

a

y

cl

ay

l

i

t

h

PRSV-11 – 690.27m – a. x2.5 plane-polars; b. x2.5 crossed-polars; c. x2.5 reflected light; d. x2.5 plane-polars; e. crossed-polars; f. x2.5 reflected light. 1a to 1c show coarser grained “blob” within finer grained siltstone host, more quartz-rich and fewer clays. Limonite highlighted in 1c (lim). 1d to 1f shows coarser grained lamination.

li

m

PRSV-10 – 687.44m –a. x10 plane-polars; b. x10 crossed-polars; c. x10 reflected light; d. x10 plane-polars; e. x10 crossed-polars; f. x10 reflected light. 1a – 1c shows possible organic matter in centre of view, with pyrite framboids highlighted in 1c. 1d to 1f shows organic matter intermingled with quartz and clay.

Documents

Darwin Core Facility Sampling Report...Pangaea (NT) Pty Ltd was granted permission to carry out sampling of core at the Northern Territory Department of Mines and Petroleum’s core