Data Analysis

Univariate – Analysis of single variable

Case a: Qualitative variable (Nominal/ Ordinal)

Statistical Analysis -> Frequency/Percentage

- Table- Chart

Steps

Analyze / Descriptive statistics / Frequency

Move qualitative data (nominal/ordinal) to right side.

Open the frequency table of Employment category than copy it from SPSS to excel and corresponding bar diagram.

Raw data lai excel bata kaam garna garo huncha.

Raw data ko lagi SPSS use garincha.

Case b. Quantitative variable

(Ratio/Interval) + Liker scale/ Ranking)

Mean/SD./Min/Max / Other calculation as requirement

Steps

Analyze / Descriptive statistics / descriptive

To obtain PDA analysis (Exploratory data analysis)

Central value, Dispersal, Steam and leaf display, Box plot.

Analyze / Descriptive statistics / Explore/ Move scale (quantitative variables into dependent list box)

Comparison of EDA by Qualitative variables (The classification question)

Move qualitative or classification variables into factor list.

Question: Compare the EDA by employment category

Put Current salary in dependent list and employment category in Factor list.

Bivariate Data Analysis (Two variables)

Case a: If both are qualitative variables

(One classification and another liker scale)

Statistical Analysis

Cross tabulation with frequency and appropriate percentage

Analyze - > Descriptive statistics -> Cross tabs

Cross tabs are applicable if both of the variables are qualitative.

Steps

Analyze -> Descriptive statistics -> Cross tab

- Put 1 qualitative variables into row box

- Put another qualitative or liker scale in column box- Then click on cells- Give tick mark on appropriate percentage- Then click on Continue- Click on statistics - Give tick mark on chi square- Continue- Ok

Gender * Employment Category Cross tabulation

Employment Category

TotalClerical Custodial Manager

Gender Female Count 206 0 10 216

% within Gender 95.4% .0% 4.6% 100.0%

Male Count 157 27 74 258

% within Gender 60.9% 10.5% 28.7% 100.0%

Total Count 363 27 84 474

% within Gender 76.6% 5.7% 17.7% 100.0%

Interpretation

Null hypothesis (H0): There is no significant association between gender and employment

category.

Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is significant association between gender and employment

category.

Chi-square value: 79.277

P-value: 0.000 < α= 0.05

So, we reject H0.

There is significant association between gender or employment category.

Decision criteria by using P-value approach:

If p-value >= α do not reject H0.

If p-value < α we reject H0.